TW201721890A - 形成電極的方法、由其製造的電極以及太陽能電池 - Google Patents
形成電極的方法、由其製造的電極以及太陽能電池 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201721890A TW201721890A TW105125528A TW105125528A TW201721890A TW 201721890 A TW201721890 A TW 201721890A TW 105125528 A TW105125528 A TW 105125528A TW 105125528 A TW105125528 A TW 105125528A TW 201721890 A TW201721890 A TW 201721890A
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- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- forming
- composition
- glass frit
- weight
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FJOLTQXXWSRAIX-UHFFFAOYSA-K silver phosphate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O FJOLTQXXWSRAIX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNGLEYLFMHGIQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3-(n-ethyl-3-methoxyanilino)-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CC(O)CN(CC)C1=CC=CC(OC)=C1 PNGLEYLFMHGIQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012756 surface treatment agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum nitride Chemical compound [Ta]#N MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPKAOUKDMHJLAY-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasilver;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O VPKAOUKDMHJLAY-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C14/00—Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix
- C03C14/004—Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix the non-glass component being in the form of particles or flakes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/062—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/062—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight
- C03C3/064—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing boron
- C03C3/066—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight containing boron containing zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/12—Silica-free oxide glass compositions
- C03C3/122—Silica-free oxide glass compositions containing oxides of As, Sb, Bi, Mo, W, V, Te as glass formers
-
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Abstract
本發明提供一種形成電極的方法、由其製造的電極以及太陽能電池。形成電極的方法包含塗佈包含導電粉末、不含銀(Ag)和磷(P)的第一玻璃料以及有機媒劑的用於形成第一電極的組成物,接著將其乾燥以形成指狀電極圖案;塗佈包含導電粉末、包含銀(Ag)和磷(P)的第二玻璃料以及有機媒劑的用於形成第二電極的組成物,接著將其乾燥以形成匯流電極圖案;以及燒製所得物。所述形成電極的方法可藉由在不增加串聯電阻的情況下最多地增加電極的厚度來提高太陽能電池的效率。
Description
公開一種形成電極的方法、由其製造的電極以及太陽能電池。
太陽能電池可使用可將日光的光子轉化成電的p-n接面的光生伏打效應產生電能。在太陽能電池中,前電極和背電極可分別形成於具有p-n接面的半導體基底(半導體晶圓)的前表面和後表面上。接著,可藉由進入基底的日光誘導p-n接面的光生伏打效應,並且藉由p-n接面的光生伏打效應產生的電子可經由電極提供流向外部的電流。
太陽能電池的電極可藉由塗佈、圖案化以及燒製電極組成物而按預定圖案形成於晶圓表面上。
太陽能電池可藉由減少降低效率的因素而具有高效率。太陽能電池的效率可能因爲光損失、電子和電洞的重組損失以及因為電阻組件的損失而大爲地降低,且本文中,光損失可由不使用100%的進入太陽能電池的入射光引起且可主要由歸因於前電極的陰影損失(shadow loss)引起。
因此,研究藉由最多地減少前電極的厚度來增加光吸收速率的方法,但當僅減少厚度時,具有由電極圖案的線路中斷所致的增加串聯電阻的問題。
實施例提供一種形成能夠藉由在不增加串聯電阻(Rs
)的情况下使電極圖案的厚度最小化的提高太陽能電池的效率的電極的方法。
實施例提供使用所述方法製造的電極。
實施例提供包含所述電極的太陽能電池。
根據一個實施例,形成電極的方法包含塗佈用於形成第一電極的組成物,接著將其乾燥以形成指狀電極圖案,用於形成第一電極的組成物包含導電粉末、第一玻璃料以及有機媒劑,第一玻璃料不含銀(Ag)和磷(P); 塗佈用於形成第二電極的組成物,接著將其乾燥以形成匯流電極圖案,用於形成第二電極的組成物包含導電粉末、第二玻璃料以及有機媒劑,第二玻璃料包含銀(Ag)和磷(P);以及 燒製所得物。
用於形成第一電極的組成物可包含60重量%到95重量%的導電粉末、0.5重量%到20重量%的第一玻璃料以及餘量的有機媒劑。
用於形成第二電極的組成物可包含60重量%到95重量%的導電粉末;0.5重量%到20重量%的第二玻璃料以及餘量的有機媒劑。
第二玻璃料可包含按其總量計0.1莫耳%到5莫耳%的銀(Ag)和0.1莫耳%到3莫耳%的磷(P)。
第二玻璃料可更包含碲(Te)和鋰(Li)。
第二玻璃料可包含30莫耳%到60莫耳%的碲(Te)和3莫耳%到20莫耳%的鋰(Li)。
第二玻璃料可包含莫耳比爲80:20到95:5的碲(Te)和鋰(Li)。
第二玻璃料可更包含選自鉍(Bi)、鉛(Pb)以及其組合的組分。
另一實施例提供藉由形成電極的方法製造的電極。
另一個實施例提供一種包含所述電極的太陽能電池。
形成電極的方法可藉由在不增加串聯電阻的情况下最多地增加電極的厚度來提高太陽能電池的效率。
將參考附圖在下文中更加全面地描述本發明,在這些附圖中示出了本發明的例示性實施例。如本領域的技術人員將認識到,可以各種不同方式來修改所描述的實施例,這些修改均在不脫離本發明的精神或範圍的情况下進行。
在附圖中,爲清楚起見放大了層、膜、面板、區域等的厚度。在本說明書通篇中相同的圖式元件符號表示相同的元件。應理解,當如層、膜、區域或基底的元件被稱作在另一元件“上”時,其可直接在另一元件上或還可存在插入元件。相比之下,當元件被稱作“直接在”另一元件“上”時,不存在插入元件。
如本文所用,術語“其組合”是指兩種或大於兩種組分的混合物、摻合物或固溶體化合物。
如本文所用,術語“不含有”是指包括的對應組分的量小於約0.1 mol%。
根據一個實施例,形成電極的方法包含塗佈包含導電粉末、不含銀(Ag)和磷(P)的第一玻璃料以及有機媒劑的用於形成第一電極的組成物,接著將其乾燥以形成指狀電極圖案, 塗佈包含導電粉末、包含銀(Ag)和磷(P)的第二玻璃料以及有機媒劑的用於形成第二電極的組成物,接著將其乾燥以形成匯流電極圖案,以及 燒製所得物。
在下文中,詳細說明一種形成電極的方法。
[製備用於形成第一電極和第二電極的組成物] 用於形成第一電極的組成物可藉由混合導電粉末、不含銀(Ag)和磷(P)的第一玻璃料以及有機媒劑製備,且用於形成第二電極的組成物可藉由混合導電粉末、包含銀(Ag)和磷(P)的第二玻璃料以及有機媒劑製備。
導電粉末可爲金屬粉末。所述金屬粉末可包含銀(Ag)、金(Au)、鈀(Pd)、鉑(Pt)、釕(Ru)、銠(Rh)、鋨(Os)、銥(Ir)、錸(Re)、鈦(Ti)、鈮(Nb)、鉭(Ta)、鋁(Al)、銅(Cu)、鎳(Ni)、鉬(Mo)、釩(V)、鋅(Zn)、鎂(Mg)、釔(Y)、鈷(Co)、鋯(Zr)、鐵(Fe)、鎢(W)、錫(Sn)、鉻(Cr)、錳(Mn)等。
所述導電粉末的粒度(particle size)可爲奈米級或微米級。舉例來說,所述導電粉末的粒度可爲幾十奈米到幾百奈米或幾微米到幾十微米。在實施例中,所述導電粉末可爲具有不同粒度的兩種或大於兩種類型的銀粉的混合物。
導電粉末可具有球形、薄片形或非晶形的粒子形狀。所述導電粉末的平均粒徑(D50)可爲0.1微米到10微米,例如0.5微米到5微米。平均粒徑可在室溫(20℃到25℃)下持續3分鐘經由超聲波處理將導電粉末分散於異丙醇(isopropyl alcohol;IPA)中之後,使用例如型號1064D(西萊斯有限公司(CILAS Co., Ltd.))設備來測量。在這一平均粒徑範圍內,所述組成物可提供低接觸電阻和低線路電阻。
按用於形成第一電極的組成物或用於形成第二電極的組成物中的每一者的100重量%計,導電粉末的存在量可爲60重量%到95重量%。在一個實施例中,所述導電粉末的存在量可爲70重量%到90重量%。在此範圍內,可防止轉化效率由於電阻增加而退化,並且還可防止由有機媒劑的相對減少導致的硬漿料物形成。
第一玻璃料和第二玻璃料可藉由蝕刻抗反射層和熔化導電粉末用以增強導電粉末與基底之間的黏著且在發射極區中形成銀晶體顆粒以減少用於形成電極的第一組成物和第二組成物的燒製製程期間的接觸電阻。在燒製製程期間,第一玻璃料和第二玻璃料可經軟化且可降低燒製溫度。
第一玻璃料不含銀(Ag)和磷(P)組分。當第一玻璃料包含銀(Ag)和磷(P)組分時,可能增加串聯電阻。
第一玻璃料可包含選自以下的至少一種元素:鉛(Pb)、碲(Te)、鉍(Bi)、鋰(Li)、磷(P)、鍺(Ge)、鎵(Ga)、鈰(Ce)、鐵(Fe)、矽(Si)、鋅(Zn)、鎢(W)、鎂(Mg)、銫(Cs)、鍶(Sr)、鉬(Mo)、鈦(Ti)、錫(Sn)、銦(In)、釩(V)、鋇(Ba)、鎳(Ni)、銅(Cu)、鈉(Na)、鉀(K)、砷(As)、鈷(Co)、鋯(Zr)、錳(Mn)以及鋁(Al)。
在一個實施例中,第一玻璃料可爲包含鉍(Bi)和碲(Te)組分的玻璃料。
按第一玻璃料的總量計,第一玻璃料可包含20莫耳%到80莫耳%範圍內的鉍(Bi)組分和20莫耳%到80莫耳%範圍內的碲(Te)組分。在所述範圍內,可同時確保太陽能電池的極好轉化效率和電極圖案的黏著強度。
第二玻璃料包含銀(Ag)和磷(P)組分,且因此可使由電極與基底之間的不充分接觸和串聯電阻(Rs
)增加產生的開路電壓(Voc
)損失最小化。另外,串聯電阻(Rs
)的增加可藉由由於衍生自第二玻璃料的Ag離子提高電極的導電性而最小化。
第二玻璃料可包含0.1莫耳%到5莫耳%,例如0.1莫耳%到3莫耳%範圍內的銀(Ag)和0.1莫耳%到3莫耳%,例如0.1莫耳%到1.5莫耳%範圍內的磷(P)。在所述範圍內,由電極與基底之間的不充分接觸和串聯電阻(Rs
)增加產生的開路電壓(Voc
)損失可最小化。
第二玻璃料中的銀(Ag)和磷(P)組分可衍生自偏磷酸銀(AgPO3
)、正磷酸銀(Ag3
PO4
)、焦磷酸銀(Ag4
P2
O7
)、六氟磷酸以及其組合。
第二玻璃料可包含選自以下的至少一種元素:鉛(Pb)、碲(Te)、鉍(Bi)、鋰(Li)、磷(P)、鍺(Ge)、鎵(Ga)、鈰(Ce)、鐵(Fe)、矽(Si)、鋅(Zn)、鎢(W)、鎂(Mg)、銫(Cs)、鍶(Sr)、鉬(Mo)、鈦(Ti)、錫(Sn)、銦(In)、釩(V)、鋇(Ba)、鎳(Ni)、銅(Cu)、鈉(Na)、鉀(K)、砷(As)、鈷(Co)、鋯(Zr)、錳(Mn)以及鋁(Al)。
在一個實施例中,第二玻璃料可爲包含碲(Te)和鋰(Li)組分的玻璃料。
按第二玻璃料的總量計,第二玻璃料可包含30莫耳%到60莫耳%範圍內,例如35莫耳%到55莫耳%範圍內的碲(Te)組分和3莫耳%到20莫耳%範圍內,例如5莫耳%到15莫耳%範圍內的鋰(Li)組分。
在第二玻璃料中,碲(Te)和鋰(Li)的莫耳比可爲80:20到95:5。在所述範圍內,可同時確保太陽能電池的極好效率和電極圖案的黏著強度。
另外,除銀(Ag)、磷(P)、碲(Te)以及鋰(Li)以外,第二玻璃料可更包含選自以下的元素:鉍(Bi)、鉛(Pb)以及其組合。
第一玻璃料和第二玻璃料可藉由任何適合方法由元素的氧化物製備。舉例來說,元素的氧化物可藉由以下方式獲得:以預定比率混合金屬元素的氧化物、熔化混合物、對所得物進行淬火且接著粉碎經淬火的產物。混合可使用球磨機或行星式磨機進行。熔化可在700℃到1300℃下進行,並且淬火可在室溫(24℃到25℃)下進行。粉碎可使用(但不限於)盤磨機或行星式磨機進行。
第一玻璃料和第二玻璃料可各自具有0.1微米到10微米的平均粒徑(D50)。
第一玻璃料和第二玻璃料可具有球形或非晶形。
按用於形成第一電極的組成物的總量的100重量%計,第一玻璃料可在0.5重量%到20重量%的範圍被包含,且按用於形成第二電極的組成物的總量的100重量%計,第二玻璃料可在0.5重量%到20重量%的範圍被包含。在所述範圍內,可在不劣化電極的電特性的情况下改進電極圖案的黏著強度。
有機媒劑可經由與電極組成物的無機組分機械混合賦予用於形成第一電極的組成物和用於形成第二電極的組成物就印刷來說適合的黏度和流變學特徵。有機媒劑包含有機黏合劑和溶劑。
有機黏合劑可選自丙烯酸酯類樹脂或纖維素類樹脂,並且乙基纖維素是通常所用的樹脂。舉例來說,有機黏合劑可選自以下各者:乙基羥乙基纖維素、硝化纖維素、乙基纖維素與酚醛樹脂的混合物、醇酸樹脂、酚類樹脂、丙烯酸酯類樹脂、二甲苯類樹脂、聚丁烯類樹脂、聚酯類樹脂、脲類樹脂、三聚氰胺類樹脂、乙酸乙烯酯類樹脂、木松香或醇的聚甲基丙烯酸酯。
有機黏合劑的重量平均分子量(Mw)可爲30,000克/莫耳到200,000克/莫耳,例如40,000克/莫耳到150,000克/莫耳。當重量平均分子量(Mw)在所述範圍內時,可獲得在可印刷性方面極好的效果。
溶劑可例如爲己烷、甲苯、泰薩醇(Texanol)(2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇單異丁酸酯)、甲基溶纖劑、乙基溶纖劑、環己酮、丁基溶纖劑、脂肪醇、丁基卡必醇(二乙二醇單丁基醚)、二丁基卡比醇(二乙二醇二丁醚)、丁基卡必醇乙酸酯(二乙二醇單丁基醚乙酸酯)、丙二醇單甲基醚、己二醇、萜品醇、甲基乙基酮、苯甲醇、γ丁內酯、乳酸乙酯或其組合。
有機媒劑可以餘量存在,例如按用於形成第一電極的組成物或用於形成第二電極的組成物的每100重量%計的1重量%到30重量%,例如5重量%到15重量%存在。在所述範圍內,可確保極好的連續印刷。
用於形成第一電極的組成物或用於形成第二電極的組成物可按需要更包含除以上構成元素以外的典型添加劑,以增強流動特性、加工特性以及穩定性。添加劑可包含表面處理劑、分散劑、觸變劑、塑化劑、黏度穩定劑、消泡劑、顏料、紫外(UV)穩定劑、抗氧化劑、偶合劑等。這些添加劑可單獨使用或以混合物形式使用。按用於形成第一電極的組成物或用於形成第二電極的組成物的每100重量%計,這些添加劑的存在量可爲0.1重量%到5重量%。這一量可按需要改變。
[製造電極]
用於形成第一電極的組成物在基底表面上塗佈爲預定圖案且經乾燥,形成指狀電極圖案。
隨後,用於形成第二電極的組成物塗佈於具有指狀電極圖案的基底上且經乾燥,形成匯流電極圖案。
用於形成第一電極和第二電極的組成物可以各種方法塗佈,如網板印刷、凹版膠印、滾筒篩印刷、剝離(lift-off)等,但本發明不限於此。
由用於形成第一電極和第二電極的組成物形成的電極圖案經燒製而獲得電極。燒製可在400℃到980℃,例如700℃到980℃下進行。電極可具有0.2到0.35的縱橫比和15微米到30微米的厚度。
根據另一實施例,提供包含所述電極的太陽能電池。參看圖1,描述根據一個實施例的太陽能電池。
圖1是顯示根據一個實施例的太陽能電池結構的示意圖。
參看圖1,背電極210和前電極230是藉由將電極組成物印刷在包含p層(或n層)101和n層(或p層)102作爲發射極的基底100上並且接著對其進行燒製來形成。
舉例來說,將電極組成物印刷塗佈在基底100的背側上並且在200℃到400℃下對其進行熱處理10秒到60秒以進行用於背電極的先前製備步驟。
前電極230可藉由如下預處理:塗佈用於形成第一電極的組成物且將其乾燥以形成指狀電極圖案,且接著塗佈用於形成第二電極的組成物且將其乾燥以形成匯流電極圖案。
接著,背電極210和前電極230可經由在400℃到980℃,例如700℃到980℃下燒製30秒到210秒形成。
提供以下實例和比較例以便突出一或多個實施例的特徵,但應理解,實例和比較例不應理解爲限制實施例的範圍,比較例也不應理解爲在實施例的範圍之外。此外,應理解,實施例不限於實例和比較例中所描述的具體細節。
製備實例
:
製備用於形成電極的組成物
製備實例 1
如下製備用於形成電極的組成物:在60℃下將1重量%乙基纖維素(陶氏化學公司(Dow Chemical Company),STD4)充分溶解於6.7重量%萜品醇(日本萜烯(Nippon Terpine))中,向其中添加90重量%平均粒徑爲2.0微米的球形銀粉(多瓦高科技有限公司(Dowa Hightech CO. LTD.),AG-5-11F,3-11F)和2.3重量%平均粒徑爲2.0微米的玻璃料A(表1中),且將其均勻混合,且用三輥捏合機混合分散混合物。
製備 實例 2
根據與製備實例1相同的方法製備用於形成電極的組成物,除了使用表1中的玻璃料B代替玻璃料A。
製備實例 3
根據與製備實例1相同的方法製備用於形成電極的組成物,除了使用表1中的玻璃料C代替玻璃料A。
製備 實例 4
根據與製備實例1相同的方法製備用於形成電極的組成物,除了使用表1中的玻璃料D代替玻璃料A。 (表1) (單位:莫耳%)
(註:表1的含量(莫耳%)是基於包括對應元素的氧化物)
製造
太陽能電池
比較例 1
在藉由紋理化多結晶晶圓(摻雜有硼的p型晶圓)的前側獲得的多結晶晶圓的背側上印刷鋁漿,形成在上面具有POCl3
的n+
層,和具有氮化矽(SiNx
:H)的抗反射塗層,接著在300℃下將其乾燥,且接著在多結晶晶圓的前側上絲網印刷根據製備實例1的用於形成電極的組成物,接著在300℃下將其乾燥以形成指狀電極和匯流電極圖案。在帶型爐中在940℃下燒製在以上製程中製造的電池以獲得測試電池。
比較例 2
根據與比較例1相同的方法製造測試電池,除了使用根據製備實例2的用於形成電極的組成物代替根據製備實例1的用於形成電極的組成物以形成指狀電極和匯流電極圖案。
比較例 3
根據與比較例1相同的方法製造測試電池,除了使用根據製備實例3的用於形成電極的組成物代替根據製備實例1的用於形成電極的組成物以形成指狀電極和匯流電極圖案。
實例 1
在藉由紋理化晶圓(摻雜有硼的p型晶圓)的前側獲得的多結晶晶圓的背側上印刷鋁漿,形成在上面具有POCl3
的n+
層,和具有氮化矽(SiNx
:H)的抗反射塗層,接著在300℃下將其乾燥,且接著在多結晶晶圓的前側上絲網印刷根據製備實例1的用於形成電極的組成物,接著在300℃下將其乾燥以形成指狀電極圖案。在經乾燥的指狀電極圖案上,絲網印刷根據製備實例3的用於形成電極的組成物且在300℃下乾燥以形成匯流電極圖案。在帶型爐中在940℃下燒製在以上製程中獲得的電池以製造測試電池。
實例 2
根據與實例1相同的方法製造測試電池,除了使用根據製備實例4的用於形成電極的組成物代替根據製備實例3的用於形成電極的組成物。
經由掃描電子顯微鏡檢查根據比較例1到比較例3和實例1和實例2的燒製之後的電極圖案。代表性地,圖2爲顯示根據本發明的實例1的前電極的掃描電子顯微圖且圖3爲顯示根據比較例1的前電極的掃描電子顯微圖。
參看圖2和圖3,實例1的前電極具有23微米的厚度和67微米的線寬,且比較例1的前電極具有18微米的厚度和75微米的線寬。因此,實例1的電極較厚且以比比較例1的電極高的縱橫比圖案化。
藉由使用太陽能電池效率測量設備(帕山(Pasan)CT-801,MB系統有限公司(MB Systems Co. Ltd.))測量根據比較例1到比較例3和實例1和實例2的測試電池的電特性(Isc
、Voc
、Rs
、填充因數(FF,%)、轉化效率(Eff.,%))。結果提供在表2中。 (表2)
參看表2,相較於根據比較例1到比較例3的太陽能電池,根據實例1和實例2的太陽能電池顯示全部令人滿意的電特性(Voc
、Rs
、填充因數(FF,%)、轉化效率(Eff.,%))。確切地說,藉由使用根據比較例3的包含含銀(Ag)和磷(P)的玻璃料的用於形成電極的組成物的指狀電極和匯流電極圖案展現減少的Voc
和增加的Rs
和因此降低的效率。
實例實施例已在本文中公開,並且儘管採用特定術語,但這些術語只是在一般性和描述性意義上使用並解釋,而非爲了限制的目的。在一些情况下,如本領域的技術人員自提交本申請案起將顯而易見的是,除非另外具體指出,否則結合具體實施例描述的特點/特徵和/或元件可單獨使用或與結合其它實施例描述的特點、特徵和/或元件組合使用。因此,本領域的技術人員應理解,在不脫離如以下申請專利範圍闡述的本發明的精神和範圍的情况下可以對形式和細節作出各種改變。
100‧‧‧基底
101‧‧‧p層(或n層)
102‧‧‧n層(或p層)
210‧‧‧背電極
230‧‧‧前電極
101‧‧‧p層(或n層)
102‧‧‧n層(或p層)
210‧‧‧背電極
230‧‧‧前電極
藉由參看附圖詳細描述示例性實施例,特徵將對於本領域的技術人員變得清楚,在附圖中: 圖1爲顯示根據一個實施例的太陽能電池結構的示意圖。 圖2爲顯示根據實例1的前電極的掃描電子顯微圖(SEM)。 圖3爲顯示根據比較例1的前電極的掃描電子顯微圖。
100‧‧‧基底
101‧‧‧p層(或n層)
102‧‧‧n層(或p層)
210‧‧‧背電極
230‧‧‧前電極
Claims (10)
- 一種形成電極的方法,包括: 塗佈用於形成第一電極的組成物,接著將其乾燥以形成指狀電極圖案,所述用於形成第一電極的組成物包含導電粉末、第一玻璃料以及有機媒劑,所述第一玻璃料不含銀和磷; 塗佈用於形成第二電極的組成物,接著將其乾燥以形成匯流電極圖案,所述用於形成第二電極的組成物包含導電粉末、第二玻璃料以及有機媒劑,所述第二玻璃料包含銀和磷;以及 燒製所得物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的形成電極的方法,其中所述用於形成第一電極的組成物包括60重量%到95重量%的所述導電粉末、0.5重量%到20重量%的所述第一玻璃料以及餘量的所述有機媒劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的形成電極的方法,其中所述用於形成第二電極的組成物包括60重量%到95重量%的所述導電粉末、0.5重量%到20重量%的所述第二玻璃料以及餘量的所述有機媒劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的形成電極的方法,其中按所述第二玻璃料的總量計,所述第二玻璃料包括0.1莫耳%到5莫耳%的銀和0.1莫耳%到3莫耳%的磷。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的形成電極的方法,其中所述第二玻璃料更包括碲和鋰。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項所述的形成電極的方法,其中所述第二玻璃料包括30莫耳%到60莫耳%的碲和3莫耳%到20莫耳%的鋰。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項所述的形成電極的方法,其中所述第二玻璃料包括莫耳比爲80:20到95:5的碲和鋰。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項所述的形成電極的方法,其中所述第二玻璃料更包括選自鉍、鉛以及其組合的組分。
- 一種用於太陽能電池的電極,其是如申請專利範圍第1項到第8項中任一項所述的形成電極的方法製造。
- 一種太陽能電池,包括如申請專利範圍第9項所述的用於太陽能電池的電極。
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