TW201714862A - 材料結合物 - Google Patents
材料結合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201714862A TW201714862A TW105125505A TW105125505A TW201714862A TW 201714862 A TW201714862 A TW 201714862A TW 105125505 A TW105125505 A TW 105125505A TW 105125505 A TW105125505 A TW 105125505A TW 201714862 A TW201714862 A TW 201714862A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- -1 1,4'-bicyclohexanediyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 104
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 78
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001140 1,4-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:2])=C([H])C([H])=C1[*:1] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001989 1,3-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:1])=C([H])C([*:2])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005407 trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])[C@]([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]1([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ORILYTVJVMAKLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N adamantane Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC1CC2C3 ORILYTVJVMAKLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decalin Chemical compound C1CCCC2CCCCC21 NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COCC1=CC=CC=C1 MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003754 ethoxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 2
- IYRWEQXVUNLMAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroketone group Chemical group FC(=O)F IYRWEQXVUNLMAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- SKRWFPLZQAAQSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N stibanylidynetin;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Sn].[Sb] SKRWFPLZQAAQSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VCIVYCHKSHULON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11-tetracosafluoroundecane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F VCIVYCHKSHULON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKYNDPROJKKCEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,13,13,14,14,15,15,15-dotriacontafluoropentadecane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F QKYNDPROJKKCEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RPIJGDAQNPQNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N FC1(F)C(C2(F)F)(F)C(F)(F)C3(F)C(F)(F)C1(F)C(C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F)C2(C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F)C3(F)F Chemical compound FC1(F)C(C2(F)F)(F)C(F)(F)C3(F)C(F)(F)C1(F)C(C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F)C2(C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F)C3(F)F RPIJGDAQNPQNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MJOOADDMCFXYEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N FC1(F)C(C2(F)F)(F)C(F)(F)C3(F)C(F)(F)C1(F)C(C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)C2(C(F)(F)F)C3(F)F Chemical compound FC1(F)C(C2(F)F)(F)C(F)(F)C3(F)C(F)(F)C1(F)C(C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)C2(C(F)(F)F)C3(F)F MJOOADDMCFXYEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000940612 Medina Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-methyl toluene Natural products CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BNBQRQQYDMDJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzodioxan Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OCCOC2=C1 BNBQRQQYDMDJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004106 butoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004744 butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005745 ethoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004216 fluoromethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002789 length control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular fluorine Chemical compound C.FF QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000004184 methoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- GQKZBCPTCWJTAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxymethylbenzene Chemical compound COCC1=CC=CC=C1 GQKZBCPTCWJTAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005447 octyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001148 pentyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960004624 perflexane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WTWWXOGTJWMJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N perflubron Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)Br WTWWXOGTJWMJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYJQJMIEZVMYSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluoro-2-butyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C1(F)OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C1(F)F FYJQJMIEZVMYSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRZFEPXEUZSBLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluoroadamantane Chemical compound FC1(F)C(C2(F)F)(F)C(F)(F)C3(F)C(F)(F)C1(F)C(F)(F)C2(F)C3(F)F FRZFEPXEUZSBLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWEYRJFJVCLAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorodecalin Chemical compound FC1(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C2(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C21F UWEYRJFJVCLAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGUZHRODIJCVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluoroheptane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F LGUZHRODIJCVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJIJAJXFLBMLCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorohexane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ZJIJAJXFLBMLCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVZRBWKZFJCCIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorotributylamine Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)N(C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F RVZRBWKZFJCCIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RPTKMZRQBREOMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N propoxymethylbenzene Chemical compound CCCOCC1=CC=CC=C1 RPTKMZRQBREOMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004742 propyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本發明係關於材料結合物,其包含包括液晶材料之第一流體及實質上不與該第一流體混溶之電絕緣第二流體,且係關於使用該材料結合物之光學裝置。
Description
本發明提供由包含與第二不混溶流體結合之液晶材料之雙相系統組成之材料結合物,含有該材料結合物之光學元件,其能夠轉換為可用於各種光學應用中之組件,包括可使用電場控制焦距之透鏡。此外,本發明係關於此等透鏡於可以2D模式或3D模式操作之顯示裝置、光閘、光束轉折器、繞射光柵或電子紙顯示器之用途。
自適應光學組件(例如可變焦透鏡)通常用於光學系統中。此處藉由使用電動機或壓電致動器機械致動透鏡組來調節焦距。當用於要求小尺寸之可攜式應用時,機械調諧具有較高功率消耗及微型化困難。為克服與機械聚焦系統相關之問題,業內研發出替代性可變透鏡,例如梯度折射率改變透鏡[參考T.Nose、S.Masuda及S.Sato,「A liquid crystal microlens with hole-patterned electrodes on both substrates,」Jpn.J.Appl.Phys.31,1643(1992);Y.Choi、J.-H.Park、J.-H Kim.及S.-D.Lee,「Fabrication of a focal length variable microlens array based on a nematic liquid crystal,」Optical Mater.21,643(2003);H Ren、Y H Fan及S T Wu,「Liquid-crystal microlens arrays using patterned polymer networks,」Opt.Lett.29,1608(2004)]。梯度折射率改變透鏡藉由電學再分配透鏡內之個別液晶分子來調節其焦距,該等透鏡中液晶分子密封於兩片銦錫氧化物(ITO)玻璃之間。
與固態光子裝置相反,可調諧光流體裝置係基於由液體製得之光學介面。由於液相之性質,基於此技術之裝置具有(例如)快速可適應光輸出及穩健性之優點且已研發出許多此技術之技術應用,例如自適應聚焦透鏡、光束轉折器、光柵、光闌、光學開關及顯示器。實例係形變式透鏡[例如B.Berge及J.Peseux,「Variable focal lens controlled by an external voltage:An application of electrowetting」,Eur.Phys.J.E 3,159(2000);S.Kwon及L.P.Lee,「Focal length control by microfabricated planar electrodes-based liquid lens (μPELL),」Transducers Eurosensors,Germany,6月10-14日,(2001);N.Chronis、G.L.Liu、K-H Jeong及L.P.Lee,「Tunable liquid-filled microlens array integrated with microfluidic network,」Opt.Express 11,2370(2003);M.Agarwal、R.A.Gunasekaran、P.Coane及K.Varahramyan,「Polymer-based variable focal length microlens system,」J.Micromech.Microeng.14,1665(2004)]。
為能夠操縱光學介面,已應用各種技術,例如電潤濕或介電泳。
形變式透鏡(亦稱為液體透鏡)藉由電轉換液滴之表面輪廓來調節其焦距。取決於液滴接觸角之表面輪廓可藉由電潤濕效應來改變。通常將鹽添加至水中以增加水導電性(用於電潤濕機制)且加寬水之操作溫度。亦發現電解、焦耳加熱(Joule heating)、微泡及蒸發阻礙基於水之液體透鏡之光學性能及操作條件。[F.Mugele及J-C Baret,「Electrowetting:from basics to applications,」J.Phys.:Condens.Matter 17,R705(2005)]。鹽水之電解可基於將絕緣層置於電極上之「介質上電潤濕技術」而最小化。絕緣層減少焦耳加熱效應及微泡;然而,其導致操作電壓較高[E.Seyrat及R.A.Hayes,「Amorphous fluoropolymers as insulators for reversible low-voltage
electrowetting」,J.Appl.Phys.90,1383(2001)]。此外,鹽水之高飽和蒸汽壓(即5托)需要昂貴的氣密封裝(即通常金屬-玻璃封裝)以將水密封於透鏡內用於長期操作。利用電潤濕效應使用水形成微透鏡陣列已闡述於例如「High speed adaptive liquid microlens array」,C.U.Murade、D.van der Ende及F.Mugele;Optics Express,第20卷,第16期,18180,(2012)中。
G.McHale、C.V.Brown、M.I.Newton、G.G.Wells及N.Sampara;Phys.Rev.Lett.107,186101(2011)闡述可使用由非均勻電場誘導之液體介電泳來增強且控制含有平面內電極之基板上之電介質液體潤濕。此使得能夠改變液體表面之大小及形狀,而不具有上文所提及之電潤濕缺點。當藉由介電泳驅動潛在潤濕效應時利用術語介電潤濕。此可在使用非均勻電場及電絕緣流體時發生。
已展示適用於介電泳之特定種類之材料係向列型液晶。當分子具有非零介電各向異性時液晶可視為絕緣介電流體。C.-C.Cheng、C.A.Chang及J.A.Yeh,Opt.Exp.14(9),4101(2006)闡述使用液晶來製作有源透鏡,其藉由改變含有同心ITO電極圖案之基板上LC混合物液滴之形狀來利用介電泳效應。然而,此處所用市售材料具有與常用溶劑相當之介電係數。
使用此介電潤濕效應之液體之擴展亦已闡述於例如C.V.Brown、G.G.Wells、M.I.Newton及G.McHale,Nature Photonics 3(7),403(2009)中。本文進一步闡述可引起薄膜起皺之情形(當不可進一步介電潤濕時)。此效應稱為「強迫起皺」且褶皺之峰在電極之間且谷與電極一致。
製作有源透鏡之類似方法已揭示於例如WO 2006/046185及US 7,483,218中。然而在兩種情形中,該效應係基於電泳而非介電泳。
在C.V.Brown、G.G.Wells、M.I.Newton及G.McHale,Nature
Photonics 3(7)403(2009)中,將強迫起皺施加至油空氣界面以產生圓柱形透鏡。此等基於液體之裝置之操作定向因重力而受限。然而,可於經囊封裝置中在兩種不混溶液體(例如油-水)之間之界面處產生表面褶皺,如GB 2422680中所述。此類型之方法用於Varioptic變焦液體透鏡中以產生可以任何定向使用且對衝擊及機械振動穩健之裝置[Berge,B.與Peseux,J.Variable focal lens controlled by an external voltage:An application of electrowetting.Eur.Phys.J.E3,159-163(2000)]。
此方法之缺點在於,相對於油與空氣之折射率之間的較大差異,油與水之折射率之間差異較小。因此,為產生最大繞射效率(例如達到零階未偏射光束之最小透射),兩種流體之間之界面處之褶皺幅度將需要比油-空氣界面處將要求之幅度大若干倍。為藉由將空氣更換為流體介質來補償折射率差異之損失,要求新材料結合物易受低操作電壓影響且同時具有高介電常數、低表面張力、低黏度、適宜折射率以及良好的熱及化學穩定性(尤其當曝光於輻照時),以使得穩健裝置能夠具有良好的光學性能及高機械穩定性。
具有高介電係數之液晶混合物因利用聚合物穩定之藍相液晶之液晶顯示器而為熟習此項技術者已知。在WO 2012/163470及WO 2013/156113中,揭示此等藍相液晶混合物,其包含具有高介電係數之基本主體材料,其與達成藍相所需之具有高螺旋扭曲力之手性摻雜劑及穩定藍相之可聚合化合物結合使用。迄今為止業內未闡述不含添加劑之基本主體材料本身之應用。
已知全氟化烴、(聚)醚及胺不與常用有機化學品混溶且闡述多種應用,例如使用全氟化烴之化學合成中之氟相化學(I.T.Horvat(編輯),Topics Curr.Chem.第308卷,Springer Verlag Berlin,Heidelberg,2012),對於醫學目的,例如燒傷治療(WO 81/00002)或合成血液(US 405,798)。此外,例如氟矽酮油用作(例如)消泡劑(US 5,454,979)且氟
化聚醚係一種重要的潤滑油(例如EP 1 681 339 A2)。
出人意料地發現,與第二全氟化流體結合之具有高介電係數之液晶介質(該流體不與該液晶介質混溶)適於滿足上文所提及之產生用作可適應透鏡之光學組件之要求。此LC介質展現高介電係數、低黏度、良好的熱及光穩定性。適宜第二介質展現低黏度、與LC介質之低混溶性及與該LC介質足夠不同的折射率。
本發明係關於材料結合物,其含有包含液晶材料之第一流體(40)及實質上不與第一流體混溶之電絕緣第二流體(41)。
本發明進一步係關於用於借助介電泳產生空間變化的光波界面折射之光學組件,其包含:流體外殼,其包含第一基板(10),置於第一基板對面之第二基板(11),其各自界定光學輸入或輸出面,裝置之光軸自第一基板延伸至第二基板,且流體外殼包括本發明材料結合物,其中第一流體及第二流體沿界面接觸,及第一及第二交叉指形電極(20、21),其佈置於第一基板上且可操作以依賴電極間所施加之電壓改變界面形狀,其中第一流體及第二流體具有不同折射率,以使得在電極間施加電壓時,界面代表折射表面,且電光效應與第一流體與第二流體間之界面處之週期波動相關聯。
10‧‧‧第一基板
11‧‧‧第二基板;上基板
20‧‧‧第一交叉指形電極;交叉指形條形電極;第一電極;電極
21‧‧‧第二交叉指形電極;交叉指形條形電極;第二電極;電極
30‧‧‧聚合物層
31‧‧‧聚合物層
40‧‧‧第一流體;流體
41‧‧‧第二流體;流體;電絕緣第二流體
圖1係本發明較佳實施例之電光元件之橫截面側視圖。
圖2係本發明較佳實施例之電光元件在施加電壓時的橫截面側視圖。
圖3顯示本發明較佳實施例之透鏡元件褶皺幅度之電壓依賴性。
圖4顯示在第一流體暴露於空氣之情形下焦距隨透鏡元件中所施加電壓之變化。
圖5顯示焦距隨包含本發明較佳實施例之第一及第二流體之雙相系統之透鏡元件中所施加電壓之變化。
如本文所用,「流體」係指其分子自由移動經過彼此之連續、無定形物質。流體可係氣體、液化氣體、液體或壓力下之液體或可流動微粒物質。
如本文所用,「流體外殼」可係指用於物理儲存流體之裝置。
在較佳實施例中,第二流體包含一或多種實質上氟化或全氟化之化合物。較佳地,第二流體完全由實質上氟化或全氟化之化合物組成,尤佳其完全由全氟化化合物組成。
全氟化意指碳材料之實質上所有氫原子已經氟原子替代。儘管全氟化材料較佳,但實質上氟化之碳材料亦可用於本發明中。「實質上氟化」指示大多氫原子已經氟原子替代,且進一步替代不會實質上降低與非氟化之材料或部分氟化之材料之混溶性。據信當約50%之氫原子已經氟原子替代時達到此程度。前述材料之某些氟原子亦可經其他鹵素原子(例如氯)取代。
如所指示,全氟化意指碳材料之實質上所有氫原子已經氟原子替代。在此等化合物之製造中可構想少量實質上氟化之衍生物可與完全氟化之化合物混合。此係可允許的,前提係不完全替代所有氫並不影響本發明液體全氟碳之基本特性。較佳至少95%、更佳至少98%且甚至更佳100%之氫原子已經替代。
可採用之全氟碳化合物尤其係全氟十氫萘(PP5)、全氟-1-甲基十氫萘、全氟-正十一烷、全氟十二烷、全氟-正辛基環己烷、全氟-對-
二異丙基環己烷、全氟異丙基環己烷、全氟-正丁基環己烷、全氟-間-二異丙基環己烷、全氟-1,2-二甲基環己烷、全氟三甲基環己烷、全氟四甲基環己烷、全氟-1-甲基-4-異丙基環己烷、全氟-1-甲基-4-第三丁基環己烷、全氟十五烷、全氟(甲基環戊烷)、全氟己烷、全氟庚烷、全氟煤油、全氟十四氫菲、全氟十二氫芴、全氟雙環[4.3.0]壬烷、全氟-內-四氫二環戊二烯、全氟金剛烷、全氟-乙基金剛烷、全氟-甲基金剛烷、全氟-乙基甲基金剛烷、全氟-乙基二甲基金剛烷、全氟-三乙基金剛烷、全氟-三甲基二金剛烷、全氟-甲基二金剛烷、全氟-1,3,5,7-四甲基金剛烷、全氟-1,3-二甲基金剛烷、全氟-四氫二環戊二烯、全氟-甲基雙環[2.2.2]辛烷、全氟-二甲基雙環[2.2.2]辛烷、全氟-蒎烷、全氟-莰烷、全氟-1,4,6,9-二橋亞甲基十氫萘、全氟-雙環[4.3.2]十一烷、全氟-雙環[5.3.0]癸烷、全氟-外-四氫二環戊二烯、全氟雙環[5.3.0]癸烷、全氟二甲基雙環[3.3.1.]壬烷、全氟-2,6-二甲基雙環[3.3.1]壬烷、全氟-3-甲基雙環[3.3.1]壬烷、全氟十氫苊、全氟三甲基-雙環[3.3.1.]壬烷、全氟-7-甲基雙環[4.3.0.]壬烷、全氟-正辛基溴化物、全氟三丁基胺(FC47)、全氟-N,N-二烷基環己胺、全氟烷基嗎啉、全氟烷基哌啶、全氟四氫呋喃(FC80)、全氟-2-丁基四氫呋喃、全氟醚(PID)[(CF3)2CFOCF2(CF2)2CF2OCF(CF3)2]、全氟醚(PIID)[(CF3)2CFOCF2(CF2)6CF2OCF(CF3)2]、全氟聚合物(E3)[CF3CHF(OCF2C(CF3)F)2OCF2CF2CF3]、全氟聚合物(E4)[CF3CHF(OCF2C(CF3)F)3OCF2CF2CF3]、全氟醚聚合物(Fomblin Y)、氟矽酮油
其中Rf係CnF2n+1,n係1至4之整數,p係使得室溫下之平均黏度在50cS至10000cS、較佳50cS至100cS範圍內之整數,當Rf係CF3時,
其係以FS® 1265由Dow Corning出售。
全氟碳及其任何衍生物可統稱為「液體」。如本文所用術語「液體」係納入既非固態亦非氣態之化合物的統稱,例如液體、乳液及凝膠。術語「全氟碳」意指「環」或「非環」碳化合物。而術語「其經取代之衍生物」表徵在其結構內經化學元素(例如氧、氮、氯及溴)取代之全氟碳。
應理解,本發明全氟碳液體可由「純」全氟碳液體、全氟碳與其本身或其他溶劑混合之乳液、懸浮液或溶液形成。儘管一些前述化合物在環境溫度下係固體,但其在環境溫度下為液體者中可溶且可使用此一混合物。例如,全氟-1,3-二甲基金剛烷通常係固體,但與全氟三甲基雙環[3.3.1.]壬烷混合形成液體,即DAWN。
可用的實質上氟化或全氟化之材料係在多個溫度及壓力(包括環境溫度及壓力)下通常為液體之彼等。全氟化C8或更低碳材料及最高C18或更高碳材料可用於本發明中。亦可使用各種不同全氟化材料之混合物。
上述全氟碳可藉由熟知化學或電化學製程合成。較佳全氟化材料市面有售或可根據闡述於以下美國專利中之以下方法來製備:4,105,798;3,911,138及3,962,439或Houben-Weyl,Methods in Organic Chemistry,第E10卷-Organo-Fluorine Compounds,第1-5卷(第4版)。
在本發明之較佳實施例中,第一流體包含液晶介質,其包含一或多種式I液晶原化合物,
其中L11至L15 彼此獨立地係H或F,R11 係烷基,其為直鏈或具支鏈,未經取代,經F、Cl或CN單取代或多取代,且其中一或多個CH2基團在各情形下以使O及/或S原子不直接彼此連接之方式視情況彼此獨立地經-O-、-S-、-NR01-、-SiR01R02-、-CO-、-CO-O-、-O-CO-、-O-CO-O-、-S-CO-、-CO-S-、-CY01=CY02-或-C≡C-替代,Y01及Y02彼此獨立地係F、Cl或CN,且另一選擇為其中之一者可係H,R01及R02彼此獨立地係H或具有1至12個C原子之烷基,Z11 係-CO-O-、O-CO-、-OCF2-或-CF2O-,X11 表示鹵素、CN、SF5、單鹵化或多鹵化之具有1至6個C原子之烷基或烷氧基或單鹵化、二鹵化或多鹵化之具有2至6個C原子之烯基,
表示選自下群之二基:a)由反式-1,4-伸環己基、1,4-伸環己烯基及1,4’-雙環己二基組成之群,此外其中一或多個非毗鄰CH2基團可經-O-及/或-S-替代,且此外其中一或多個H原子可經F替代,b)由1,4-伸苯基及1,3-伸苯基組成之群,此外其中一或兩個CH基團可經N替代且此外其中一或多個H原子可經F替代,且
表示選自由1,4-伸苯基及1,3-伸苯基組成之群之二基,此外其中一或兩個CH基團可經N替代且此外其中一或多個H原子可經F替代,m係0或1,
n 係0、1或2,p 係0或1,且m+n+p 係0、1或2。
在本發明之較佳實施例中,LC介質包含一或多種式I-1化合物,
其中A12、L11至L15、R11、X11及Z11具有如上文式I中所指示含義中之一者。
化合物I-1較佳選自其子式I-1-1及I-1-2、較佳式I-1-2之化合物之群,
其中R11具有上文根據式I所給出之含義,且較佳係正烷基,最佳乙基、正丙基、正丁基、正戊基或正己基。
在本發明之較佳實施例中,LC介質包含一或多種式I-2化合物
其中
A11、L11至L14、R11、X11及Z11具有如上文式I中所指示之含義。
在本發明之較佳實施例中,LC介質包含一或多種選自式I-2-1至I-2-5化合物之群之式I-2化合物
其中參數具有如根據式I所指示之含義中之一者。
在本發明之較佳實施例中,式I-2-1至1-2-5化合物較佳選自子式I-2-1a至I-2-1c、I-2-2a至I-2-2f、I-2-3a至I-2-3c、I-2-4a至I-2-4f及I-2-5a
至I-2-5f之化合物之群,更佳選自式I-2-2c、I-2-3c或I-2-2f之化合物之群,
其中R11具有如上文式II中所指示含義中之一者,且較佳係正烷
基,最佳乙基、正丙基、正丁基、正戊基或正己基。
在本發明之較佳實施例中,LC介質包含一或多種式I-3化合物,
其中A11、L11至L16、R11、X11及Z11具有如上文式I中所定義之含義。
式I-3化合物較佳選自
其中L11至L14、R11及X11具有上文式I中所指示含義中之一者。
在本發明另一較佳實施例中,式I-3-1、I-3-2及I-3-3之化合物選自子式I-3-1a至I-3-1f、I-3-2a至I-3-2c及I-3-3a至I-3-3f
在本發明之較佳實施例中,LC介質包含一或多種式I-4化合物,
其中L11至L13、R11、X11及Z11具有如上文式I中所指示含義中之一者。
在另一較佳實施例中,式I-4化合物較佳選自式I-4-1或I-4-2化合物或其結合物。
其中參數R11、L11至L13及X11具有上文式I中所給出之相應含義中之一者。
式I-4-1及I-4-2化合物較佳選自以下子式之化合物之群
其中R11具有上文根據式I所給出之含義,且較佳係正烷基,最佳乙基、正丙基、正丁基、正戊基或正己基。
在本發明之較佳實施例中,LC介質包含一或多種式II化合物
其中R21 具有上文根據式I針對R11所給出含義中之一者,X21 具有上文根據式I針對X11所給出含義中之一者,A21 具有上文根據式I針對A11所給出含義中之一者,A22 具有上文根據式I針對A12所給出含義中之一者,
L21、L24 彼此獨立地係H或F,m 係0或1,n 係0、1或2,p 係0或1,且m+n+p 係1、2或3。
在本發明之較佳實施例中,液晶原介質包含一或多種式II-1或II-2化合物或其結合物。
式II-1化合物較佳選自其子式II-1-1a及II-1-1b之化合物之群。
其中R21具有上文式I中所定義之含義且較佳為正丁基或正戊基。
式II-2化合物較佳選自其子式II-2-1至II-2-8、較佳式II-2-1至II-2-4、最佳式II-2-3之化合物之群,
其中R21具有上文根據式II所給出之含義,且較佳係正丁基或正戊基。
本申請案中之烷基或烷氧基(即其中末端CH2基團經-O-替代之烷基)可係直鏈或具支鏈。其較佳為直鏈,具有1、2、3、4、5、6、7或8個碳原子,且因此較佳係(例如)甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基、戊氧基、己氧基、庚
氧基或辛氧基,另外係壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、壬氧基、癸氧基、十一烷氧基、十二烷氧基、十三烷氧基或十四烷氧基。
氧雜烷基(即其中一非末端CH2基團經-O-替代之烷基)較佳係(例如)直鏈2-氧雜丙基(=甲氧基甲基)、2-氧雜丁基(=乙氧基甲基)或3-氧雜丁基(=2-甲氧基乙基)、2-氧雜戊基、3-氧雜戊基或4-氧雜戊基、2-氧雜己基、3-氧雜己基、4-氧雜己基或5-氧雜己基、2-氧雜庚基、3-氧雜庚基、4-氧雜庚基、5-氧雜庚基或6-氧雜庚基、2-氧雜辛基、3-氧雜辛基、4-氧雜辛基、5-氧雜辛基、6-氧雜辛基或7-氧雜辛基、2-氧雜壬基、3-氧雜壬基、4-氧雜壬基、5-氧雜壬基、6-氧雜壬基、7-氧雜壬基或8-氧雜壬基或2-氧雜癸基、3-氧雜癸基、4-氧雜癸基、5-氧雜癸基、6-氧雜癸基、7-氧雜癸基、8-氧雜癸基或9-氧雜癸基。
烯基(即其中一或多個CH2基團經-CH=CH-替代之烷基)可為直鏈或具支鏈。其較佳為直鏈,具有2至10個C原子且因此較佳為乙烯基、丙-1-烯基或丙-2-烯基、丁-1-烯基、丁-2-烯基或丁-3-烯基、戊-1-烯基、戊-2-烯基、戊-3-烯基或戊-4-烯基、己-1-烯基、己-2-烯基、己-3-烯基、己-4-烯基或己-5-烯基、庚-1-烯基、庚-2-烯基、庚-3-烯基、庚-4-烯基、庚-5-烯基或庚-6-烯基、辛-1-烯基、辛-2-烯基、辛-3-烯基、辛-4-烯基、辛-5-烯基、辛-6-烯基或辛-7-烯基、壬-1-烯基、壬-2-烯基、壬-3-烯基、壬-4-烯基、壬-5-烯基、壬-6-烯基、壬-7-烯基或壬-8-烯基、癸-1-烯基、癸-2-烯基、癸-3-烯基、癸-4-烯基、癸-5-烯基、癸-6-烯基、癸-7-烯基、癸-8-烯基或癸-9-烯基。
尤佳烯基係C2-C7-1E-烯基、C4-C7-3E-烯基、C5-C7-4-烯基、C6-C7-5-烯基及C7-6-烯基,尤其係C2-C7-1E-烯基、C4-C7-3E-烯基及C5-C7-4-烯基。尤佳烯基實例係乙烯基、1E-丙烯基、1E-丁烯基、1E-戊烯基、1E-己烯基、1E-庚烯基、3-丁烯基、3E-戊烯基、3E-己烯基、
3E-庚烯基、4-戊烯基、4Z-己烯基、4E-己烯基、4Z-庚烯基、5-己烯基、6-庚烯基及諸如此類。具有至多5個C原子之基團通常較佳。
在其中一個CH2基團經-O-替代且一者經-CO-替代之烷基中,該等基團較佳相鄰。因此,該等基團一起形成羰基氧基-CO-O-或氧基羰基-O-CO-。較佳地,此一烷基為直鏈且具有2至6個C原子。
因此,其較佳為乙醯氧基、丙醯氧基、丁醯氧基、戊醯氧基、己醯氧基、乙醯氧基甲基、丙醯氧基甲基、丁醯氧基甲基、戊醯氧基甲基、2-乙醯氧基乙基、2-丙醯氧基乙基、2-丁醯氧基乙基、3-乙醯氧基丙基、3-丙醯氧基丙基、4-乙醯氧基丁基、甲氧基羰基、乙氧基羰基、丙氧基羰基、丁氧基羰基、戊氧基羰基、甲氧基羰基甲基、乙氧基羰基甲基、丙氧基羰基甲基、丁氧基羰基甲基、2-(甲氧基羰基)乙基、2-(乙氧基羰基)乙基、2-(丙氧基羰基)乙基、3-(甲氧基羰基)丙基、3-(乙氧基羰基)丙基、4-(甲氧基羰基)-丁基。
其中兩個或更多個CH2基團經-O-及/或-COO-替代之烷基可為直鏈或具支鏈。其較佳為直鏈且具有3至12個C原子。因此,其較佳係雙-羧基-甲基、2,2-雙-羧基-乙基、3,3-雙-羧基-丙基、4,4-雙-羧基-丁基、5,5-雙-羧基-戊基、6,6-雙-羧基-己基、7,7-雙-羧基-庚基、8,8-雙-羧基-辛基、9,9-雙-羧基-壬基、10,10-雙-羧基-癸基、雙-(甲氧基羰基)-甲基、2,2-雙-(甲氧基羰基)-乙基、3,3-雙-(甲氧基羰基)-丙基、4,4-雙-(甲氧基羰基)-丁基、5,5-雙-(甲氧基羰基)-戊基、6,6-雙-(甲氧基羰基)-己基、7,7-雙-(甲氧基羰基)-庚基、8,8-雙-(甲氧基羰基)-辛基、雙-(乙氧基羰基)-甲基、2,2-雙-(乙氧基羰基)-乙基、3,3-雙-(乙氧基羰基)-丙基、4,4-雙-(乙氧基羰基)-丁基、5,5-雙-(乙氧基羰基)-己基。
經CN或CF3單取代之烷基或烯基較佳為直鏈。經CN或CF3之取代可於任何期望位置處。
經鹵素至少單取代之烷基或烯基較佳為直鏈。鹵素較佳係F或Cl,在多次取代之情形下較佳係F。所得基團亦包括全氟化基團。在單取代之情形下,F或Cl取代基可於任何期望位置處,但較佳於ω位置處。具有末端F取代基之尤佳直鏈基團之實例係氟甲基、2-氟乙基、3-氟丙基、4-氟丁基、5-氟戊基、6-氟己基及7-氟庚基。然而,不排除F之其他位置。
鹵素意指F、Cl、Br及I,且較佳為F或Cl,最佳為F。
式I及II之化合物可藉由熟習此項技術者已知之一般方法來得到。起始材料市面有售或可藉由公開之方法得到。
較佳地,本發明第一流體包含一或多種選自式I及II化合物之群之化合物。
本發明第一流體中之個別化合物之濃度較佳在0.5%或更大至70%或更小範圍內,更佳在1%或更大至60%或更小範圍內,且最佳在5%或更大至50%或更小範圍內。
第一流體包含一或多種選自式I及II化合物之群之化合物之混合物,該混合物之總濃度較佳在70%或更多至100.0%或更少、較佳80%或更多至100.0%或更少且最佳90%或更多至100.0%或更少之範圍內。
具體而言,第一流體較佳包含一或多種式I化合物,其總濃度在40%或更多至100.0%或更少、較佳60%或更多至90%或更少且最佳80%或更多至90%或更少之範圍內。
在第一流體包含一或多種式II化合物之情形下,該等化合物之總濃度較佳在1%或更多至30%或更少、較佳5%或更多至25%或更少且最佳10%或更多至20%或更少之範圍內。
較佳實施例係於下文中指示:- 第一流體包含1種、2種、3種、4種或更多種式I、較佳式I-1之化合物,及/或
- 第一流體包含一種、兩種或更多種式II、較佳式II-2之化合物。
式I及II之化合物係無色、穩定且可容易彼此混溶且可容易與其他液晶材料混溶。
式I及II化合物之最佳混合比率實質上取決於期望性質,取決於式I或II之組份之選擇,且取決於可存在之任何其他組份之選擇。上文所給出範圍內之適宜混合比率可容易地根據情形來確定。
在許多情形下第一流體中式I及II化合物之總量並不重要。因此,出於最佳化各種性質之目的,混合物可包含一或多種其他液晶原化合物。此等化合物為熟習此項技術者已知。然而,所觀察到的對操作電壓及操作溫度範圍之效應通常愈大,式I及II化合物之總濃度愈高。
在尤佳實施例中,本發明介質包含一或多種式I及II中之每一者之化合物。與式I化合物之有利協同效應產生尤其有益之性質。具體而言,包含式I及式II化合物之混合物係藉由其低操作電壓來辨別。
可用於本發明介質中之式I及II之個別化合物為已知或可以與已知化合物類似之方式製備。
在另一較佳實施例中,第一流體包含一或多種選自式I及/或II化合物之群之化合物,且另外包含非液晶原化合物。
該等非液晶原化合物用於根據光學組件之需要來適應第一流體之性質且較佳係高沸點有機液體,較佳選自3-苯氧基甲苯、丁氧基苯、苄基甲基醚、苄基乙基醚、苄基丙基醚、苄基丁基醚、1,4-苯并二氧六環、二丙氧基苯、2,5-二甲氧基甲苯、4-乙基苯乙醚、1,2,4-三甲氧基苯、1,2-二甲氧基苯、1,3-二甲氧基苯、二苄基醚、4-第三丁基苯甲醚、苯甲醚、苯乙醚、2-甲氧基甲苯、3-甲氧基甲苯、4-甲氧基甲苯、2,2-二甲基-1,3-苯并二氧雜環戊烯、1,8-桉樹腦、2,3-二氫-2-
甲基苯并呋喃、2,3-二氫苯并呋喃、3,5-二甲基苯甲醚、2,5-二甲基苯甲醚、4-乙基苯甲醚、1,2-亞甲基二氧基苯。
液體意指物質具有低於室溫之熔點。
本發明高沸點意指在常壓下液體之沸點高於150℃、較佳高於180℃、最佳高於200℃。
在本發明之較佳實施例中,第一流體係向列型液晶。
在另一較佳實施例中,在室溫下第一流體為各向同性的。
此外,較佳地第一流體之介電常數為100至1000或以上,更佳200至500或以上。
可根據本發明使用之液晶混合物係以本身習用之方式(例如藉由使一或多種式I化合物與一或多種式II化合物或與其他液晶化合物及/或添加劑混合)來製備。一般而言,有利地在升高溫度下將期望量之以較少量使用之組份溶於構成主要成份之組份中。亦可在有機溶劑中(例如在丙酮、氯仿或甲醇中)混合該等組份之溶液,且在徹底混合後再藉由(例如)蒸餾來移除溶劑。此外,本發明係關於製備本發明LC介質之製程。
在本發明中且尤其在以下實例中,液晶原化合物之結構係借助縮寫(亦稱為字首語)來指示。在該等字首語中,使用下表A至C將化學式縮寫如下。所有基團CnH2n+1、CmH2m+1及ClH2l+1或CnH2n-1、CmH2m-1及ClH2l-1表示直鏈烷基或烯基、較佳1E-烯基,每一者分別具有n、m及l個C原子。表A列示用於化合物核心結構之環元素的代碼,而表B顯示連接基團。表C給出左側或右側末端基團之代碼之含義。字首語係由具有可選連接基團之環元素之代碼、隨後第一連字符及左側末端基團之代碼、及第二連字符及右側末端基團之代碼構成。表D結合化合物各別縮寫顯示其說明性結構。
表A:環元素
其中n及m各自表示整數,且三個點「...」係來自此表之其他縮寫之佔位符。
下表結合其各別縮寫來顯示說明性結構。顯示該等結構以說明縮寫規則之含義。另外,其代表較佳使用之化合物。
表D:說明性結構
其中n較佳彼此獨立地表示1至7、較佳2至6之整數。
下表(表E)顯示可用作本發明液晶原介質中之穩定劑之說明性化合物。
在本發明之較佳實施例中,液晶原介質包含一或多種選自表E化合物之群之化合物。
下表(表F)顯示較佳可用作本發明液晶原介質中之手性摻雜劑之說明性化合物。
在本發明之較佳實施例中,液晶介質包含一或多種選自表F化合物之群之化合物。
本申請案之液晶原介質較佳包含兩種或更多種、較佳四種或更多種選自由上表化合物組成之群之化合物。
本發明液晶介質較佳包含- 7種或更多種、較佳8種或更多種選自表D化合物之群之化合物,較佳具有3種或更多種、較佳4種或更多種不同式之化合物。
基板可由容許限制流體且較佳係光學各向同性材料之任何適宜材料(即不具有雙折射者,例如玻璃)製得。
基板之厚度較佳係0.1mm-3mm、更佳0.5mm-2mm且最佳1.0mm-1.5mm。基板較佳在可見光區域中係透明的。
流體外殼具有內部體積以接收第一及第二流體,其較佳呈於單獨層中彼此相對配置之不混溶液體形式。第一流體係液晶材料,且第二流體係不導電液體、較佳實質上氟化之液體。在較佳實施例中,液晶及第二流體二者皆實質上透光且各自具有與另一流體不同之不同折
射率,當液晶呈各向同性狀態時且當液晶為雙折射時,液晶之單軸折射率中之至少一者與第二流體之折射率不同。
第一及第二電極較佳係交叉指形電極,其包含經配置以利用其齒交錯而彼此相對之至少一對梳狀電極。電極之寬度較佳係5-240μm、更佳10-150μm、最佳25-100μm且各電極可相同或不同、較佳相同。電極間間隙較佳係1-100μm、更佳5-75μm、最佳10-50μm且各間隙可相同或不同、較佳相同。
較佳地,電極間間隙比電極線寬小0.9至0.1、更佳0.25至0.75且最佳0.4至0.6範圍內之因數。電極較佳係透明的且可由任何適宜透明導電材料、較佳銦錫氧化物(ITO)、銦鋅氧化物(IZO)、銻錫氧化物(ATO)、RuO2或PEDOT、最佳ITO製得。電極較佳具有低於100Ω/□之電阻/平方。
在本發明之較佳細化中,電極用具有高透明度之聚合物層(30)、較佳聚醯亞胺或Teflon®覆蓋,以防止自電極(20、21)之電荷注入,或促進液晶之潤濕。此外,該聚合物層係促進液晶較佳配向之液晶定向層(經摩擦之聚醯亞胺)可係較佳的。
較佳地,上基板(11)未經處理。
此外,上基板用具有高透明度之聚合物層(31)、較佳聚醯亞胺或Teflon®覆蓋可係較佳的。
本文對「透明」之提及欲視為意指材料或物質允許該材料或物質上之大多但非全部入射光經其穿過而沒有顯著減弱。此外,所有對「光」、「入射光」及相關術語之提及均應理解為提及(具體而言)可見光,但亦可包括來自電磁光譜之其他區域之其他輻照,例如紫外線及紅外線。
在本發明之所有實施例中,所施加之電壓可係直流或交流、較佳交流。
圖2圖解說明施加電壓至圖1裝置之第一及第二電極之效應。當施加電壓時,靜態褶皺在第一流體(40)與第二流體(41)之間之界面處形成,褶皺高度隨電壓而變化。
由於所施加之電壓,第一流體(40)與第二流體(41)之間之界面現已獲得週期波之形狀,從而形成一系列圓柱形透鏡。由於褶皺之高度取決於電壓,故可藉由改變施加至電極之電壓來可控地調節該等圓柱形透鏡之焦距。
當第一與第二電極(20、21)之間所施加之電壓降低或減小至零時,系統恢復至圖1中所示之初始狀態。
使用下列縮寫及符號:ne 20℃及589nm下之非尋常折射率,no 20℃及589nm下之尋常折射率,△n 20℃及589nm下之光學各向異性,ε⊥ 20℃及1kHz下垂直於指向矢之介電極化率,ε∥ 20℃及1kHz下平行於指向矢之介電極化率,△ε 在20℃及1kHz下之介電各向異性,cl.p.,T(N,I) 澄清點[℃],除非另外明確註明,否則本申請案中之所有濃度均以重量百分比指示且係關於無溶劑之相應混合物整體。
除非另外明確註明,否則本申請案中所指示之所有溫度值(例如,熔點T(C,N)、自層列(S)相至向列(N)相之轉變點T(S,N)及澄清點T(N,I))均以攝氏度(℃)指示。M.p.表示熔點,cl.p.=澄清點。此外,C=晶態,N=向列相,S=層列相且I=各向同性相。該等符號間之數據代表轉變溫度。
除非另外明確指示,否則在各情形中所有物理性質均係且已根據「Merck Liquid Crystals,Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals」,
1997年11月版,Merck KGaA,Darmstadt,Germany測定,且適用於20℃之溫度,且△n係在589nm下測定且△ε係在1kHz下測定。
除非另外指示,否則個別化合物之液晶性質係在向列型主體混合物ZLI-4792(可自Merck KGaA,Darmstadt購得)中以10%濃度來測定。
除非另外指示,否則「室溫」意指20℃。
以下實例說明本發明,而不以任一方式限制本發明。
液晶混合物M-1係如下製備。
液晶混合物M-2係如下製備。
表1匯總相較於各向同性液體TTE及市售液晶E7之M-1及M-2之性質。
自表1中所示之材料,以下列方式製造且表徵圓柱形透鏡元件。
首先使用第一流體(40)而不應用第二流體(41)來實施單流體實驗以展示效應且表徵透鏡元件。使用硼矽酸鹽玻璃載片基板來實施單流體實驗。基板已預塗覆有約25nm厚的電阻率為約100歐姆/平方之銦錫氧化物層。此塗層由Präzisions Glas and Optik GmbH,Iserlohn,Germany在市面上提供。標準光微影程序用於蝕刻且圖案化銦錫氧化物層以產生共平面的交叉指形條形電極(對應於圖1中之20、21)之陣列,以及接觸墊。電極(20)以正y方向連接至基板一側上之銦錫氧化物接觸墊,且電極(21)以負y方向連接至基板另一側上之單獨接觸墊。電極(20)及(21)共同位於且交錯於基板之方形區域(其通常覆蓋12mm×12mm之面積)上。基板及電極塗覆有約0.8μM厚之光阻劑(市售材料SU8-10,MicroChem Corp.,Newton,MA,USA)層,該光阻劑層已藉由曝光於UV輻射及加熱而固化並硬化。自接觸墊上移除SU8-10層。使用「Gilson Pipetman」微量吸移管(Gilson,Inc.,Middleton,USA)將液滴分配於基板之電極區域上。使用經由接觸墊施加至交替電極之正弦波電壓(通常具有10kHz頻率)實施裝置之電定址。插入之電極經由其他接觸墊連接至地電位。藉由連接至PZD700A-1放大器(Trek Inc.,Medina,New York,USA)之波形發生器來提供電壓。對於M-1及M-2施加通常大於25V(均方根)或對於E7或TTE施加通常大於125V(均方根)之電壓振幅,使流體膜擴展直至其形成塗覆基板之同位交錯的電極頂部上區域之薄層為止。進一步增加電壓振幅可增加膜之流體-空氣表面上之褶皺幅度。使用通常裝配有容許觀察流體頂部褶皺之10×物鏡之標準USB攝影機(例如DCC1645C,ThorLabs,Ely,UK)自y方向獲取漫射白光側面照明下之液體膜之側面影像。藉由聚焦於流體膜頂部處之區域,該等影像容許在施加不同均方根振幅之電壓時量測褶皺之峰至谷幅度,從而給出圖3之數據。圖4垂直軸上之焦
距值係使用基板之頂視圖及通常裝配有10×物鏡之標準USB攝影機獲得,該標準USB攝影機自z方向向下觀看,同時用來自LED之準直白光自下方照射基板。使用測微計在z方向上操作位移平臺來調節USB攝影機之高度。首先將攝影機聚焦於基板之不存在流體之區域頂部上。將其向側面移動直至其位於含有流體之區域上方,該流體在電壓下擴展。然後升高攝影機之高度直至可見一系列尖銳平行聚焦之光線為止。所升高高度之距離記錄為正向之焦距,顯示於圖4中。使用類似製程來記錄負向之焦距,顯示於圖4中,只是相對於攝影機聚焦於基板上時之位置降低攝影機之高度。
自圖3可見對於給定電壓,使用液體材料M-1及M-2可達成比液晶E7及極性液體TTE高的褶皺幅度。
相應地,當使用M-1或M-2時,在相對較低之電壓下焦距可縮短,如圖4中所示。
使用如上文針對圖4所述之相同實驗技術及基板來記錄圖5中顯示之數據。差別在於將光析槽膠黏至基板以容許液體全氟十氫萘(圖2中之流體41)層保持於液晶流體M-1(圖2中之流體40)擴展層之頂部且浸於其中。
作為第一流體之約20μm厚的LC-混合物M-1膜(電極:線寬80μm,間隙40μm)經作為第二流體之全氟十氫萘層覆蓋。
如自圖5可見,在添加第二液體層後,切換性能(即使用施加電壓來改變焦距)係類似的。
10‧‧‧第一基板
11‧‧‧第二基板;上基板
20‧‧‧第一交叉指形電極;交叉指形條形電極;第一電極;電極
21‧‧‧第二交叉指形電極;交叉指形條形電極;第二電極;電極
30‧‧‧聚合物層
31‧‧‧聚合物層
40‧‧‧第一流體;流體
41‧‧‧第二流體;流體;電絕緣第二流體
Claims (14)
- 一種材料結合物,其含有包含液晶材料之第一流體及實質上不與該第一流體混溶之電絕緣第二流體,彼等沿相邊界彼此接觸。
- 如請求項1之材料結合物,其中該第二流體包含一或多種實質上氟化或全氟化之有機化合物。
- 如請求項2之材料結合物,其中該第二流體由一或多種全氟化有機化合物組成。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之材料結合物,其中該第一流體包含一或多種式I化合物
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之材料結合物,其中該第一流體包含一或多種式II化合物
- 如請求項1至5中任一項之材料結合物,其中該第一流體在室溫下係呈各向同性狀態。
- 如請求項1至6中任一項之材料結合物,其中該第一流體具有在20℃及1kHz下量測之100至1000或更高之介電常數。
- 一種光學組件,其包含包括第一基板、置於該第一基板對面之第二基板及佈置於該第一基板與該第二基板之間的如請求項1至7中任一項之材料結合物之流體外殼。
- 如請求項8之光學組件,其中該光學組件利用置於該第一基板上之交叉指形電極。
- 如請求項8或9之光學組件,其中該等電極係由聚合物層覆蓋。
- 如請求項10之光學組件,其中該聚合物層係液晶定向層。
- 一種產生如請求項8之光學組件之方法,其包含至少以下步驟:A)將如請求項1、4及5中任一項之第一流體分配於第一基板上,B)將如請求項1至3中任一項之第二流體分配於該第一流體頂部上。
- 一種光學裝置,其包含如請求項8至11中任一項之光學組件。
- 一種可以2D模式或3D模式操作之顯示裝置、動態透鏡元件、光閘、光束轉折器、繞射光柵或電子紙顯示器,其包含如請求項13之光學裝置。
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