TW201610150A - 橋粒黏蛋白2(dsg2)之結合蛋白及其用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本發明提供重組腺病毒組合物及使用其治療與上皮組織有關之病症之方法。
Description
本申請案主張2013年9月24日申請之PCT專利申請案第PCT/US13/61431號及2014年3月18日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第61/954822號之優先權,各文獻以全文引用的方式併入本文中。
本發明根據美國國家衛生研究院(美國國家衛生研究院)授予之R01 CA080192及RO1 HLA078836在美國政府支持下進行。美國政府對本發明可擁有某些權利。
已將人類腺病毒(Ad)分類為6個種類(A至F),目前含有51個血清型。大多數Ad血清型利用柯沙奇腺病毒受體(coxsackie-adenovirus receptor,CAR)作為初級附著受體(Bergelson等人,1997)。然而,B類Ad血清型並非如此。近來,已提出B類Ad基於其受體使用之新穎分組(Tuve等人,2006)。第1組(Ad16、21、35、50)幾乎獨佔地利用CD46作為受體;第2組(Ad3、Ad7、14)共用未鑑別之常見受體,其不為CD46且暫稱為受體X;第3組(Ad11)較佳與CD46相互作用,並且若阻斷CD46則利用受體X。
B類Ad為常見人類病原體。從2005年以來,觀測到在大多數美國
軍事訓練機構同時出現不同之B類血清型。此類血清型包括血清型Ad3、Ad7及Ad14(Metzgar等人,2007)。在2007,在美國及亞洲中之若干地點發現Ad14、Ad14a之新穎之高病原性病毒株及可能更具毒性之病毒株(Louie等人,2008;Tate等人,2009)。近來表明Ad14a關於其受體使用係屬於B類第2組Ad(Wang等人,2009)。總體而言,所有利用受體X之血清型(Ad3、Ad7、Ad14、Ad14a及Ad11)在本文中均稱為AdB-2/3。
AdB-2/3作為基因轉移載體尤其關於代表大多數實體腫瘤之上皮源性腫瘤有極大關聯性(Yamamoto及Curiel,2010)。上皮細胞保留若干細胞間接合點及頂-底極性。上皮細胞之關鍵特徵保留於原位上皮癌症及癌細胞系中(Turley等人,2008)。CAR與CD46通常捕獲於上皮癌細胞之緊密且黏附性接合點中且不可進入使用此等附著受體之Ad中(Coyne及Bergelson,2005;Strauss等人,2009)。相比而言,AdB-2/3會有效感染上皮癌細胞,其部分經由誘導使人聯想起上皮向間葉細胞轉化(EMT)之製程來實現(Strauss等人,2009)。AdB-2/3之另一獨特特徵為其在複製期間產生由Ad纖維及五鄰體基底組成之次病毒十二面體粒子之能力(Norrby等人,1967)。五鄰體-十二面體(PtDd)不可由全長五鄰體基底蛋白質組合,但需要藉由殘基37與38之間的蛋白分解而自發N端截短(Fuschiotti等人,2006)。此裂解位點保留於Ad3、Ad7、Ad11及Ad14中,但不存在於Ad2及Ad5中。在Ad3之情況下,在每感染性病毒5.5×106個PtDd之巨大過量下形成PtDd(Fender等人,2005),且已表明PtDd藉由干擾細胞間接合點而增強Ad3感染性,因此有利於病毒擴散(Walters等人,2002)。
在一個態樣中,本發明提供分離之多肽,其包含SEQ ID NO:1-11中之任一者之胺基酸序列。在另一態樣中,本發明提供重組AdB-
2/3纖維多肽,其包含:(a)一或多個AdB-2/3纖維多肽桿域、桿域基元或其功能等效物;(b)AdB-2/3纖維多肽杵域,其可操作地連接至且位於一或多個AdB-2/3纖維多肽桿域或桿域基元於之C端,其中AdB-2/3纖維多肽杵域包含任何SEQ ID NO:1-11之多肽;及(c)一或多個非AdB-2/3來源二聚合域,其可操作地連接至且位一或多個AdB-2/3纖維多肽桿域或桿域基元之於N端。
在一個實施例中,AdB-2/3纖維多肽並不包括AdB-2/3纖維多肽尾域。在另一實施例中,各桿域或桿域基元選自由以下組成之群:Ad3纖維多肽桿域或桿域基元、Ad7纖維多肽桿域或桿域基元、Ad11纖維多肽桿域或桿域基元、Ad14纖維多肽桿域或桿域基元、Ad14a纖維多肽桿域或桿域基元、其組合及其功能等效物。在另一實施例中,各桿域或桿域基元包含SEQ ID NO:12-18、SEQ ID NO:43-48或其組合中之任一者之胺基酸序列。在另一實施例中,二聚合域包含選自由SEQ ID NO:24及SEQ ID NO:25組成之群的胺基酸序列。在另一實施例中,重組AdB-2/3纖維多肽包含或由SEQ ID NO:28-34中之任一者之胺基酸序列組成。在另一實施例中,AdB-2/3纖維多肽為多聚的,諸如二聚的。在另一實施例中,AdB-2/3纖維多肽進一步包含一或多種與重組AdB-2/3纖維多肽結合之化合物,諸如治療劑、診斷劑及顯影劑。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供編碼分離之肽或本發明之重組AdB-2/3纖維多肽的分離之核酸、包含該等分離之核酸的重組表現載體及包含該等重組表現載體之宿主細胞。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供醫藥組合物,其包含(a)本發明之實施例或實施例之組合的AdB-2/3纖維多聚體;及醫藥學上可接受之載劑。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供增強治療性治療或診斷與上皮組織有關之病症及/或使上皮組織顯影的方法,其包含向有需要個體投與:(a)足以治療該病症之量的一或多種治療劑、足以診斷該病症之量的診斷劑及/或足以使上皮組織顯影之量的顯影劑;及(b)足以增強一或多種治療劑、診斷劑及/或顯影劑之功效之量的本發明之任何實施例或實施例之組合的AdB-2/3纖維多聚體或醫藥組合物。
例示性此類與上皮組織有關之病症包括實體腫瘤、大腸急躁症、發炎性腸病、克羅恩氏病(Crohn's disease)、潰瘍性結腸炎、便秘、胃食道逆流病、巴雷斯特氏食道症(Barrett's esophagus)、慢性阻塞性肺病、哮喘、支氣管炎、肺氣腫、囊腫性纖維化、間質性肺病、肺炎、原發性肺高血壓、肺栓塞、肺類肉瘤病、肺結核、胰臟炎、胰管病、膽管堵塞、膽囊炎、輸膽管結石、大腦病症、牛皮癬、皮膚炎、絲球體腎炎、肝炎、糖尿病、甲狀腺病、蜂窩組織炎、感染、腎盂腎炎及膽石。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供治療與上皮組織有關之病症之方法,其包含向有需要個體投與足以治療該病症之量的本發明之任何實施例或實施例之組合的AdB-2/3纖維多聚體或醫藥組合物。在例示性實施例中,此類病症可為病毒感染一種實體腫瘤。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供改良化合物向上皮組織之傳遞的方法,其包含使上皮組織與以下接觸:一或多種待傳遞至上皮組織之化合物;及足以增強一或多種化合物向上皮組織之傳遞之量的本發明之任何實施例或實施例之組合的AdB-2/3纖維多聚體或醫藥組合物。在例示性實施例中,一或多種化合物可為診斷劑或顯影劑。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供改良物質向表現橋粒黏蛋白2(DSG2)
之組織傳遞之方法,其包含使表現DSG2之組織與以下接觸:(a)一或多種待傳遞至組織之化合物;及(b)足以增強一或多種化合物向組織之傳遞之量的本發明之任何實施例或實施例之組合的AdB-2/3纖維多聚體或醫藥組合物。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供誘導組織中上皮至間葉細胞轉化(EMT)之方法,其包含使上皮組織與足以誘導EMT之量的本發明之任何實施例或實施例之組合的AdB-2/3纖維多聚體或醫藥組合物接觸。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供鑑別用於以下中之一或多者的候選化合物之方法:治療與上皮組織有關之病症、改良物質向上皮組織之傳遞、改良物質向表現DSG2之組織之傳遞、誘導組織中之EMT及/或治療AdB-2/3感染,該方法包含:(a)在促使多聚體結合至DSG2之條件下使本發明之任何實施例或實施例之組合的AdB-2/3纖維多聚體與DSG2接觸,其中該接觸在一或多種測試化合物存在下進行;及(b)與對照相比與鑑別AdB-2/3纖維多聚體競爭以結合至DSG2之陽性測試化合物;其中該陽性測試化合物為用於以下中之一或多者的候選化合物:治療與上皮組織有關之病症、改良物質向上皮組織之傳遞、改良物質向表現DSG2之組織之傳遞、誘導組織中之EMT及/或治療AdB-2/3感染。
圖1. 與結合至DSG2極其有關之殘基。A)展示Ad3及Ad14p1纖維杵之胺基酸序列。線條指示存在於Ad3杵(PDB寄存編號1H7Z_A)及Ad14杵(PDB:3F0Y_A)。黑色箭頭指示Ad3纖維杵內之殘基,其在個別突變時除去或降低與DSG2之結合。與親本病毒株Ad14(deWit)相比,Ad14p1在由三角形所示之纖維蛋白質杵(24)之FG環內缺失兩個
胺基酸殘基。B)二聚合Ad3纖維杵突變體之示意性結構。纖維杵域及一個桿基元經由可撓性連接子稠合至均二聚K捲曲螺旋域(41)。蛋白質發生自二聚且可藉由His-Ni-NTA親和性層析來純化。C-F)二聚合Ad3纖維杵突變體與可溶性DSG2結合之分析。C及D)考馬斯染色。每一泳道裝載10μg純化之Ad3纖維杵(未煮沸)。箭頭指示纖維杵之三聚合形式。凝膠含有SDS及含有DTT之裝載緩衝劑,其如前所報導使得三聚合纖維杵之二聚體拆開(41)。E及F):使用可溶性重組DSG2作為探針,隨後使用抗DSG2-mAb及抗小鼠IgG-HRP之西方墨點。進行比較,展示JO-1(0.5μg/泳道)。對西方墨點進行掃描且對信號進行定量。
圖2. 3D Ad3纖維杵之模型。該結構係基於PDB寄存編號1H7Z_A。上圖:4個與DSG2結合有關之關鍵區域。關鍵殘基示於三聚合纖維杵之等效面上視圖面對受體來自於頂部(頂側)。下圖:組合之所有關鍵殘基。右側:在輕微側旋轉之後放大之凹槽。
圖3. Ad3病毒與二聚Ad3杵突變體之競爭。A)在纖維杵突變體存在下H標記之Ad3病毒之相對附著。在冰上用濃度為2.5及100μg/ml之Ad3杵突變體培育1.8×105個海拉細胞(HeLa cell)1小時。接著在冰上再添加400pfu/細胞之3H-Ad3病毒1小時。洗掉非結合之病毒粒子。將用PBS培育之病毒粒子之附著視為100%。N=3。B)海拉細胞上Ad3-GFP病毒感染之競爭。將1.5×105個海拉細胞接種於24孔板中。在室溫下用濃度逐漸增加之Ad3杵突變體培育細胞1小時。接著添加100pfu/細胞Ad3-GFP病毒且18小時後藉由流動式細胞量測術分析GFP表現。左圖:GFP陽性細胞之百分比。右圖:平均螢光強度。N=3。標準差小於10%。C)在多次突變下在二聚合纖維杵突變體存在下3H標記之Ad3病毒之相對附著。如B)中所述進行研究。標準差小於10%。D)海拉細胞上Ad3-GFP病毒感染之競爭。如C)中所述進行研究。標準差小
於10%。
圖4. 結合至可溶性CD46之Ad3纖維杵之分析。對含有不同量之桿基元之Ad3纖維杵及野生型Ad3纖維杵(泳道1:Ad3-S6/Kn,泳道2:Ad3-S5/Kn,泳道3:Ad3-S4/Kn,泳道4:Ad3-S3/Kn,泳道5:Ad3-S2/Kn,泳道6:Ad3-S/Kn)、JO-1(泳道7)及結合CD46之Ad35纖維杵(泳道8)進行墨點分析且與可溶性DSG2(上圖)或可溶性CD46(下圖)雜交。藉由抗DSG2 mAb或抗CD46單抗偵測結合。
圖5. 降低之DSG2結合與打開上皮接合點之能力的相關性。A)在極化結腸癌T84細胞上量測經上皮電阻(TEER)。在傳斯維爾腔室(transwell chamber)中培養細胞直至TEER恆定,亦即已形成緊密接合點。接著向頂部腔室中添加含總計5μg二聚合Ad3纖維杵之PBS維持1小時。在指定時間點下量測TEER。N=6。對於時間點1.5及4小時,JO-1對D261N與N186D之間的差異顯著(p<0.01)。箭頭指示Ad3纖維杵之添加及移除。B)伊立替康(irinotecan)療法之增強。將總計4×106個A549細胞皮下注入至CB17-SCID/灰棕色小鼠。一旦腫瘤達到體積為約100mm3(在植入之後第15天),對小鼠靜脈內注射2mg/kg JO-1、E299V、N186D或PBS,隨後1小時後靜脈內注射伊立替康(37.5mg/kg)。在第25天重複治療。N=5。基團「伊立替康」對「E299V+伊立替康」或「伊立替康」對「N186+伊立替康」之間的差異不顯著。從第20天開始,「伊立替康」對「JO-1+伊立替康」之間的差異顯著(p<0.01)。
圖6. 使與DSG2之結合增加之胺基酸取代。A)展示Ad3纖維杵之胺基酸序列。線條指示β片。箭頭指示Ad3纖維杵內之殘基,其在突變時在群落墨點分析中產生更強之信號,表明與DSG2之結合更強。B)三個杵單體之等效面。左圖:俯視圖;右圖:側視圖。在頂部V239及Y250並未曝露,表明杵中之結構變化,而非與DSG2直接結合
有關。C)使與DSG2之結合增強之所有突變之位置。在兩個杵單體中以洋紅色展示殘基。一個單體之等效面以灰色透明體展示。
圖7. 非二聚Ad3纖維杵與DSG2之相互作用的SPR分析。A)將DSG2固定於傳感器芯片上且自對照流槽自動減去本底。以2.5μg/ml注射Ad3纖維杵(無二聚合域:「無DD」)3分鐘,隨後為2.5分鐘之解離時間。B)SPR資料之概述。注射濃度範圍為2.5至10μg/ml之杵且使用BIAeval軟體評價動力學及親和力參數。所提取之資料概述於表中。Wt=無突變之Ad3纖維杵
圖8. Ad3纖維杵突變體型JO-2之電子顯微術及3D結構。A-C)用SST對JO-2進行陰性染色。可見二聚合形式,但亦可見較高級之構造,藉由細箭頭描繪之約50nm之異質複合物及藉由粗箭頭描繪之較小之常規「十二面體樣」粒子。B及C中呈現近距離視圖。D-G)(K217E/F224S突變體)之非二聚形式之結晶學結構。D)蛋白質結晶。E)使野生型Ad3杵著色為灰色,其中EF環217-224分別著色。其為在突變體中無序之環。在突變體結構中此等殘基無密度。F)以草圖展示突變體。G)此等兩種結構之覆疊展示在K217E/F224S突變體中EG環完全無序。下圖展示一個單體之近距離視圖。K217及F224以棒形式出現。
圖9. 與DSG2之親和力增加之二聚合Ad3纖維杵突變體之分析。A)海拉細胞上Ad3-GFP病毒感染與二聚合親和力增強之突變體Y250F及JO-1之競爭(二聚合野生型Ad3纖維杵)。實驗設定如圖3C所述。左圖:GFP陽性細胞之百分比。右圖:平均螢光強度。N=3。標準差小於10%。B)海拉細胞上Ad3-GFP病毒感染與DSG2結合增強但無二聚合域之Ad3杵突變體之競爭。將1.5×105個海拉細胞接種於24孔板中。在室溫下用濃度逐漸增加之Ad3杵突變體培育細胞1小時。接著添加100pfu/細胞之Ad3GFP病毒且18小時後分析GFP表現。C)結腸癌T84細胞
上之TEER。實驗設定與圖5A相同。展示4小時之TEER。N=3。
圖10. 親和力增強之JO-1型式與化學療法之組合。A)伊立替康(I)療法之增強。實驗設定與圖5B相同。從第20天開始,「JO-1+I」對「JO-2+伊立替康」及「JO-2+I」對「JO-4+I」組中之差異顯著。N=5。B)相比於JO-1較低劑量之JO-4增強卵巢癌模型中之PLD療法。從原發性卵巢癌ovc316細胞建立乳房脂肪墊腫瘤。當腫瘤達到體積為100mm3時治療開始。對小鼠靜脈內注射2mg/kg JO-1或0.5mg/kg JO-4,隨後1小時後靜脈內注射聚乙二醇化脂質體小紅莓(doxorubicin)(PLD)(1mg/kg)。每週重複治療。C)在預後不良三陰性乳癌(TNBC)中JO-4會使療法增強。將總計4×106個TNBC MDA-MB-231細胞注射至CB17 SCID灰棕色小鼠之乳房脂肪墊中。靜脈內注射JO-4(2mg/kg),1小時之後施用西妥昔單抗(cetuximab,C)(10mg/kg,腹膜內)及白蛋白結合型太平洋紫杉醇(nab-paclitaxel,nab-P)(5mg/kg,靜脈內)。每週給予治療。N=10,在第25天,對於nab-P+C對JO-4+nab-P+C,P<0.01。
圖11. JO-4之藥代動力學、毒性及免疫原性。A)JO-1及JO-4之血清清除率。對具有皮下TCl-hDSG2腫瘤(約600mm3)之hDSG2轉殖基因小鼠靜脈內注射JO-1或JO-4(2mg/kg)且藉由ELISA分析血清樣品。N=3。應注意,Y軸具有對數標尺。B)JO-1或JO-4注射之後hDSG2/TCl至hDSG2轉殖基因小鼠中之淋巴細胞及血小板計數。N=3。C)具有TCl-hDSG2腫瘤之免疫活性hDSG2轉殖基因小鼠中之療法研究。當腫瘤達到體積為約80mm3時,靜脈內注射JO-1或JO-4(2mg/kg)或PBS,隨後1小時後注射PLD/Doxil(靜脈內1.5mg/kg)。如箭頭所示重複治療。接著使腫瘤再生長約兩週。自第15天開始,可藉由ELISA檢測血清抗JO-1/-4抗體。在第28天及第35天進行兩個以上治療循環。在多個治療循環之後,甚至在可檢測抗體存在下JO-1及JO-4持
續有效。自第31天開始,JO-1/PLD對JO-4/PLD之間的差異顯著。N=10。
圖12. 纖維杵序列之比對。指示除去/較低Ad3杵與DSG2之結合的殘基。
圖13. 來自人類及過度接種之小鼠之血清並不抑制JO-4之活性。A)藉由ELISA得到之人類血清之JO-4結合的分析。依序使用對抗Ad3纖維杵之兔多株抗體、重組JO-1蛋白質、人類血清(1:20至1:1000稀釋)及抗人類IgG-HRP進行捕獲。將缺乏IgG之市售人類Ab血清用作陰性對照(水平線)。將來自通常地對Ad3病毒起作用之科學家之血清用作陽性對照。P1至P38為獲自太平洋卵巢癌研究協會(Pacific Ovarian Cancer研究Consortium)之卵巢癌患者之血清樣品。
所有引用之參考文獻以全文引用的方式併入本文中。在本申請案內,除非另外陳述,否則所用技術可見於若干熟知參考文獻中之任一者中,該等參考文獻為諸如:Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual(Sambrook等人,1989,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press);Gene Expression Technology(Methods in Enzymology,第185卷,D.Goeddel編,1991.Academic Press,San Diego,CA);「Guide to Protein Purification」Methods in Enzymology(M.P.Deutshcer編,(1990)Academic Press,Inc.);PCR Protocols:A Guide to Methods and Applications(Innis等人1990.Academic Press,San Diego,CA);Culture of Animal Cells:A Manual of Basic Technique,第2版(R.I.Freshney.1987.Liss,Inc.New York,NY);Gene Transfer and Expression Protocols,第109-128頁,E.J.Murray編,The Humana Press Inc.,Clifton,N.J.);及the Ambion 1998 Catalog(Ambion,Austin,TX)。
除非上下文另外明確規定,否則如本文所用,單數形式「一(a/an)」及「該」包括複數個參照物。除非另外明確說明,否則如本文所用之「及」與「或」互換使用。
如本文所用,胺基酸殘基如下縮寫:丙胺酸(Ala;A)、天冬醯胺(Asn;N)、天冬胺酸(Asp;D)、精胺酸(Arg;R)、半胱胺酸(Cys;C)、麩胺酸(Glu;E)、麩醯胺酸(Gin;Q)、甘胺酸(Gly;G)、組胺酸(His;H)、異白胺酸(Ile;I)、白胺酸(Leu;L)、離胺酸(Lys;K)、甲硫胺酸(Met;M)、苯丙胺酸(Phe;F)、脯胺酸(Pro;P)、絲胺酸(Ser;S)、蘇胺酸(Thr;T)、色胺酸(Trp;W)、酪胺酸(Tyr;Y)及纈胺酸(Val;V)。
如本文所用,縮寫「Ad」係指腺病毒且通常後面有表明腺病毒之血清型的編號。舉例而言,「Ad3」係指腺病毒血清型3。
除非上下文另外明確規定,否則本發明之任何態樣之所有實施例可組合使用。
在第一態樣中,本發明提供包含或由以下胺基酸序列組成之分離之多肽:
(SEQ ID NO:1);其中X2為H、L或P;X3為K或E;X4為T、F、S或L;
X5為V、D,或不存在;X6為E、G),或不存在
X7為Y或F;X8為T、K或E;且X9為N或S;其中以下中之至少一者為真實的:X2為P;X3為E;X4為S或L;X5為D;X6為G);X7為F;X8為E;或X9為S。
本發明之此態樣之分離之多肽包含突變型AdB-2/3杵域,其可用以例如產生重組AdB-2/3纖維多肽,其提供與先前已知之DSG2結合多肽相比顯著增強之對橋粒黏蛋白2(DSG2)之親和力。如以下實例中所示,併有本發明之此第一態樣之突變型杵域的本發明之重組AdB-2/3纖維多肽進一步展示與先前已知之DSG2結合多肽相比對於治療上皮相關病症在治療上更為有效,藉由一系列癌症模型中之改良之功效例示。本發明之分離之肽亦可用作例如對抗AdB-2/3病毒之抗原。
在一個實施例中,本發明之第一態樣之分離之多肽包含或由以下胺基酸序列組成:
(SEQ ID NO:2)。
在另一實施例中,本發明之第一態樣之分離之多肽包含或由以下胺基酸序列組成:
(SEQ ID NO:3)。
在另一實施例中,本發明之第一態樣之分離之多肽包含或由以下胺基酸序列組成:
(SEQ ID NO:4)。
在所有此等實施例中,以下中之至少一者為真實的:X2為P;X3為E;X4為S或L;X5為D;X6為G);X7為F;X8為E;或
X9為S。
在各種實施例中,此等陳述中之至少2、3、4、5、6、7或所有8者為真實的。在一例示性實施例中,至少X7為F。在另一實施例中,至少X3為E且X4為S。在另一實施例中,至少X9為S。在另一實施例中,至少X5為D。在另一實施例中,至少X4為L。在另一實施例中,至少X2為P且X8為E。在另一實施例中,至少X6為G且X8為E。
在各種其他實施例中,分離之多肽包含或由以下肽中之一者組成:
(a) (SEQ ID NO:5);
(b) (SEQ ID NO:6);
(c) (SEQ ID NO:7);
(d) (SEQ ID NO:8);
(e)
(SEQ ID NO:9);
(f) (SEQ ID NO:10);及
(g) (SEQ ID NO:11)。
在第二態樣中,本發明提供重組AdB-2/3纖維多肽,其包含:(a)一或多個AdB-2/3纖維多肽桿域、桿域基元或其功能等效物;
(b)AdB-2/3纖維多肽杵域,其可操作地連接至且位於一或多個AdB-2/3纖維多肽桿域或桿域基元於之C端,其中AdB-2/3纖維多肽杵域包含本發明之第一態樣之任何實施例或實施例之組合的多肽;及(c)一或多個非AdB-2/3來源二聚合域,其可操作地連接至且位一或多個AdB-2/3纖維多肽桿域或桿域基元之於N端。
如本文所用,「AdB-2/3」為使用DSG2作為用於病毒結合之上皮細胞受體之任何腺病毒血清型。迄今為止,已經鑑別出Ad3、Ad7、Ad11、Ad14及Ad14a血清型。當鑑別出其他Ad血清型時,熟習此項技術者可基於如本文所揭示之DSG2結合分析容易地鑑別出屬於AbD-2/3族者。舉例而言,使用含有固定重組DSG2之感測器之表面電漿子共振(SPR)研究可與DSG2競爭研究組合用以判定新穎Ad血清型是否結合至DSG2。諸如功能喪失及獲得分析之其他例示性研究詳細描述於WO 2011/156761中。
腺病毒病毒粒子為特徵為纖維位於衣殼之各12個頂點之基底的二十面體。病毒粒子上之纖維為由3個個別纖維多肽組成之同源三聚合結構。各腺病毒纖維多肽為由以下組成之不對稱結構:N端尾,其與衣殼之五鄰體基底蛋白質相互作用且含有將蛋白質運送至細胞核所需之信號;桿,其含有許多15殘基重複單元;及C端杵域,其含有用於受體結合之決定子(J.S.Hong及J.A.Engler,Journal of Virology 70:7071-7078(1996))。所有腺病毒經由纖維末端上之杵結構附著至其受體。因此,如本文所用,術語AdB-2/3「纖維多肽」係指包含N端尾域、桿域或桿域基元及C端杵域之全長纖維多肽。纖維多肽自發組合成均三聚體,稱為「纖維」,其位於腺病毒病毒粒子之外部衣殼之各12個頂點之基底上。
在一較佳實施例中,重組多肽不包括來自Ad纖維多肽之尾域。如下文所詳細揭示,本發明人鑑別關鍵殘基,其突變產生對DSG2之
親和力顯著增強且治療效能顯著增強之纖維多肽。本發明之此態樣之多肽因此可例如用於形成用於如上文所述之本發明之各種方法之AdB-2/3纖維多聚體。在此態樣中,重組多肽可包括來自任何AdB-2/3病毒之桿域或桿域基元、或此類桿域或桿域基元之保留或改良與DSG2之結合親和力的任何突變體(取代體、添加體、缺失體、嵌合體等),且能夠經由二聚合域(功能等效物)形成多聚體(諸如二聚體)。舉例而言,使用含有固定重組DSG2之感測器之表面電漿子共振(SPR)研究可與DSG2競爭研究組合用以判定是否已評定為重組多肽結合至DSG2。
如在本申請案中所用,術語「多肽」以其最廣泛含義使用且係指次單位胺基酸之序列。本發明之多肽可包含L-胺基酸、D-胺基酸(其在活體內對L-胺基酸特異性蛋白酶具有抗性)或L-胺基酸及D-胺基酸之組合。本文所述之多肽可以化學方式合成或以重組方式表現。多肽可諸如藉由聚乙二醇化、羥乙基澱粉化、PAS化、糖基化連接至其他化合物以促使活體內半衰期增加,或可以Fc-融合或去免疫型變異體形式產生。如熟習此項技術者所瞭解,此類鍵聯可為共價或非共價的。
如本文所用,術語「可操作地連接」係指要素之排列,其中各域經組態以使得其充當單元以達到其預定目的。
該術語不需要各域在多肽上為緊鄰的,此係因為各域之間可存在間隔子/連接子序列,其長度可為完全可變的。在一個非限制性實施例中,重組AdB-2/3纖維多肽於中之任何兩個域之間的間隔子長度可在約0個胺基酸與約20個胺基酸之間。在各種其他非限制性實施例中,間隔子長度可為0-20、0-19、0-18、0-17、0-16、0-15、0-14、0-13、0-12、0-11、0-10、0-9、0-8、0-7、0-6、0-5、0-4、0-3、0-2、0-1、1-20、1-19、1-18、1-17、1-16、1-15、1-14、1-13、1-12、1-
11、1-10、1-9、1-8、1-7、1-6、1-5、1-4、1-3、1-2、2-20、2-19、2-18、2-17、2-16、2-15、2-14、2-13、2-12、2-11、2-10、2-9、2-8、2-7、2-6、2-5、2-4、2-3、3-20、3-19、3-18、3-17、3-16、3-15、3-14、3-13、3-12、3-11、3-10、3-9、3-8、3-7、3-6、3-5、3-4、4-20、4-19、4-18、4-17、4-16、4-15、4-14、4-13、4-12、4-11、4-10、4-9、4-8、4-7、4-6、4-5、5-20、5-19、5-18、5-17、5-16、5-15、5-14、5-13、5-12、5-11、5-10、5-9、5-8、5-7、5-6、6-20、6-19、6-18、6-17、6-16、6-15、6-14、6-13、6-12、6-11、6-10、6-9、6-8、6-7、7-20、7-19、7-18、7-17、7-16、7-15、7-14、7-13、7-12、7-11、7-10、7-9、7-8、8-20、8-19、8-18、8-17、8-16、8-15、8-14、8-13、8-12、8-11、8-10、8-9、9-20、9-19、9-18、9-17、9-16、9-15、9-14、9-13、9-12、9-11、9-10、10-20、10-19、10-18、10-17、10-16、10-15、10-14、10-13、10-12、10-11、11-20、11-19、11-18、11-17、11-16、11-15、11-14、11-13、11-12、12-20、12-19、12-18、12-17、12-16、12-15、12-14、12-13、13-20、13-19、13-18、13-17、13-16、13-15、13-14、14-20、14-19、14-18、14-17、14-16、14-15、15-20、15-19、15-18、15-17、15-16、16-20、16-19、16-18、16-17、17-20、17-19、17-18、18-20、18-19、19-20、20、19、18、17、16、15、14、13、12、11、10、9、8、7、6、5、4、3、2、1或0個胺基酸之長度。
如本文所用,「重組多肽」意謂非天然存在之蛋白質產物,其中重組多肽之域來自於一或多種其他蛋白質或為以人工方式獲得之序列,諸如本發明之突變型杵域多肽。舉例而言,各桿域或桿域基元可源自不同天然存在之蛋白質。重組多肽可藉由多種機制構造,該等機制包括(但不限於)標準DNA操縱技術及經由重組多肽之次單位部分化學組合。化學組合可產生與分子基因形式等效之形式或具有等效功能
之替代締合。在一較佳實施例中,重組多肽藉由標準重組DNA技術產生。基於本文中之教示,用於本發明之重組多肽之此類重組產生及分離之技術較佳在本領域中之技術水準內。
在一個實施例中,各桿域或桿域基元選自由以下組成之群:Ad3桿域或桿域基元、Ad5桿域基元、Ad7桿域或桿域基元、Ad11桿域或桿域基元、Ad14桿域或桿域基元、Ad14a桿域或桿域基元、其組合及其功能等效物。桿域或桿域基元為纖維杵二聚合所需,其為結合至DSG2及細胞間接合點之所得短暫打開所需。如本文所用,「桿域基元」為准許本發明之重組AdB-2/3纖維多肽之纖維杵二聚合的桿域之任何部分。基於下文所提供之實例,此類桿域基元可容易地由熟習此項技術者確定。舉例而言,使用含有固定重組DSG2之感測器之表面電漿子共振(SPR)研究可與DSG2競爭研究組合用以判定是否已評定為重組多肽結合至DSG2。諸如功能喪失及獲得分析之其他例示性研究詳細描述於實例1中。
重組多肽可包含1與22個之間的AdB-2/3纖維多肽桿域或桿域基元。因此,在各種實施例中,多肽包含1-22、1-21、1-20、1-19、1-18、1-17、1-16、1-15、1-14、1-13、1-12、1-11、1-10、1-9、1-8、1-7、1-6、1-5、1-4、1-3、1-2、2-22、2-21、2-20、2-19、2-18、2-17、2-16、2-15、2-14、2-13、2-12、2-11、2-10、2-9、2-8、2-7、2-6、2-5、2-4、2-3、3-22、3-21、3-20、3-19、3-18、3-17、3-16、3-15、3-14、3-13、3-12、3-11、3-10、3-9、3-8、3-7、3-6、3-5、3-4、4-22、4-21、4-20、4-19、4-18、4-17、4-16、4-15、4-14、4-13、4-12、4-11、4-10、4-9、4-8、4-7、4-6、4-5、5-22、5-21、5-20、5-19、5-18、5-17、5-16、5-15、5-14、5-13、5-12、5-11、5-10、5-9、5-8、5-7、5-6、6-22、6-21、6-20、6-19、6-18、6-17、6-16、6-15、6-14、6-13、6-12、6-11、6-10、6-9、6-8、6-7、7-22、7-21、7-20、
7-19、7-18、7-17、7-16、7-15、7-14、7-13、7-12、7-11、7-10、7-9、7-8、8-22、8-21、8-20、8-19、8-18、8-17、8-16、8-15、8-14、8-13、8-12、8-11、8-10、8-9、9-22、9-21、9-20、9-19、9-18、9-17、9-16、9-15、9-14、9-13、9-12、9-11、9-10、10-22、10-21、10-20、10-19、10-18、10-17、10-16、10-15、10-14、10-13、10-12、10-11、11-22、11-21、11-20、11-19、11-18、11-17、11-16、11-15、11-14、11-13、11-12、12-22、12-21、12-20、12-19、12-18、12-17、12-16、12-15、12-14、12-13、13-22、13-21、13-20、13-19、13-18、13-17、13-16、13-15、13-14、14-22、14-21、14-20、14-19、14-18、14-17、14-16、14-15、15-22、15-21、15-20、15-19、15-18、15-17、15-16、16-22、16-21、16-20、16-19、16-18、16-17、17-22、17-21、17-20、17-19、17-18、18-22、18-21、18-20、18-19、19-22、19-21、19-20、20-22、20-21、21-22、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21或22個AdB-2/3纖維蛋白質桿域或桿域基元。在存在1個以上AdB-2/3纖維蛋白質桿域或桿域基元之情況下,各桿域或桿域基元可相同,或單個重組多肽中桿域或桿域基元之一或多種複本可不同。在一較佳實施例中,重組AdB-2/3纖維多肽具有單個桿域或桿域基元。
在另一實施例中,重組多肽中之一或多個(或所有)桿域或桿域基元包含或由以下胺基酸序列組成:SEQ ID NO 12:
或SEQ ID NO:43-48:Ad3桿域基元:NSIALKNNTL SEQ ID NO:43
Ad7桿域基元:NSNNICINDNINTL SEQ ID NO:44
Ad5桿域基元:GAITVGNKNNDKLTL SEQ ID NO:45
Ad11桿域基元:NSNNICIDDNINTL SEQ ID NO:46
Ad14桿域基元:NSNNICIDDNINTL SEQ ID NO:47
Ad35桿域基元:GDICIKDSINTL SEQ ID NO:48。
在本文所示之此序列及其他可變序列中,可變殘基標註在圓括號內,且「-」指示殘基可能不存在。
在另一實施例中,重組多肽中之一或多個(或所有)桿域或桿域基元包含或由以下胺基酸序列組成:SEQ ID NO 13:
或SEQ ID NO:43-48。
在另一實施例中,重組多肽中之一或多個(或所有)桿域或桿域基元包含或由選自由以下組成之群的胺基酸序列組成:SEQ ID NO:14(Ad3)、SEQ ID NO:15(Ad7)、SEQ ID NO:16(Ad11)、SEQ ID NO:17(Ad14)、SEQ ID NO:18(Ad14a)及SEQ ID NO:43-48。
AdB-2/3纖維多肽杵域包含或由本發明之第一態樣之任何實施例或實施例之組合(亦即SEQ ID NO:1-11中之任一者)組成;此等多肽域詳細描述於本發明之第一態樣中。
如本文所用,「二聚合域」為肽序列,其有助於含有其之重組多肽中之二聚合。任何適合之非AdB-2/3源二聚合域均可用於本發明之重組多肽,只要其准許重組多肽之二聚合即可,且因此結合至DSG2。二聚合域為非AdB-2/3源的,因為其不為AdB-2/3纖維多肽中天然存在之域。熟習此項技術者已知且適用於本發明之眾多二聚合域之非限制性實例包括(但不限於)含有至少一個螺旋之肽螺旋、或由螺旋、捲曲螺旋及另一螺旋等形成之結構、捲曲螺旋結構、例如許多細
胞表面信號傳導受體內之二聚合域、抗體之Fc區或鉸鏈區、白胺酸拉鏈、STAT蛋白N端域、FK506結合蛋白、LexA蛋白質C端域、細胞核受體、FkpA N端域、來自極大節螺藻(A.maxima)之橙色類胡蘿蔔素蛋白質、來自流感病毒之M1基質蛋白質、來自流感病毒之神經胺糖酸酶、大腸桿菌墨角藻糖醛縮酶;及其類似物,(參見例如O'Shea,Science.254:539(1991);Barahmand-Pour等人,Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol.211:121-128(1996);Klemm等人,Annu.Rev.Immunol.16:569-592(1998);Klemm等人,Annu.Rev.Immunol.16:569-592(1998);Ho等人Nature.382:822-826(1996);及Pomeranz等人,Biochem.37:965(1998))。其他實例包括牛乳突狀瘤病毒E2蛋白質中之殘基325至410,(Dostatni,N等人,EMBO J 7(1988)3807-3816;Haugen,T等人EMBO J 7(1988)4245-4253;McBride,A等人,EMBO J 7(1988)533-539;McBride,A等人,Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86(1989)510-514)、I型脫碘酶(D1):DFLVIYIEEAHASDGW(SEQ ID NO:19)或ADFL--YI-EAH-DGW(SEQ ID NO:20);HIV-1衣殼蛋白:QGPKEPFRDYVDRFYKTLRA(SEQ ID NO:21);酵母GCN4之白胺酸拉鏈二聚合基元:HMKQL D VEEL SNYHL N VARL K VGER(SEQ ID NO:22);大腸桿菌轉錄抗終止子蛋白質中之白胺酸拉鏈;及BglG:GVTQLMREMLQLIKFQFSLNYQEESLSYQRLVT(SEQ ID NO:23)。在較佳實施例中,二聚合域包含EVSALEK(SEQ ID NO:24)及/或KVSALKE(SEQ ID NO:25)之一或多個複本。
較佳在本領域中之技術水準內,鑑別本發明之重組多肽中之可充當二聚合域之適當肽序列及其突變體。舉例而言,重組AdB-2/3纖維多肽之二聚合可藉由包括以下之標準來評定:在蔗糖梯度中沈積、對胰蛋白酶蛋白分解之抗性及在聚丙烯醯胺凝膠中電泳遷移率(Hong及Engler,Journal of Virology 70:7071-7078(1996))。
重組多肽可包含一或多個非AdB-2/3源二聚合域。因此,在各種實施例中,重組多肽包含1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10或10個以上非AdB-2/3源二聚合域。在多肽中存在多個域之情況下,各二聚合域較佳相同。
在一較佳實施例中,間隔子肽位於二聚合域與一或多個桿域或桿域基元之間。在另一較佳實施例中,間隔子肽為具有結構可撓性之肽。可使用具有結構可撓性之幾乎任何肽。作為一實例,可撓性肽可包含胺基酸殘基之重複,諸如Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser(SEQ ID NO:26)或任何其他適合之胺基酸殘基之重複。在另一實施例中,可使用抗體之鉸鏈區。間隔子可為任何適合之長度,該長度保持重組多肽發生二聚且維持重組多肽與DSG2結合之能力。
在一個較佳實施例中,重組AdB-2/3多肽包含一或多個各包含或由Ad3桿域(SEQ ID NO:14)組成之桿域。此較佳實施例可與本文所述之任何實施例或實施例之組合一起使用。舉例而言,可使用任何適合之杵域,且可使用任何適合之二聚合域,包括(但不限於)EVSALEK(SEQ ID NO:24)及/或KVSALKE(SEQ ID NO:25)之一或多個複本。類似地,可在二聚合域與桿域或桿域基元之間及/或在桿域或桿域基元與杵域之間使用任何適合之間隔子肽。在一最佳實施例中,重組AdB-2/3多肽包含或由JO-1(SEQ ID NO:27)或其多聚體(諸如二聚體)組成。
重組多肽可進一步包含域,諸如用於分離多肽之域及/或偵測域。在例如重組多肽產生之後,可添加分離域以有助於多肽之純化/分離。可使用任何適合之分離域,包括(但不限於)HIS、CBP、CYD(共價又可離解之NorpD肽)、鏈黴素II、FLAG、HPC(蛋白質C之重鏈)肽標記、GST及MBP親和力標記。如本文所用,「偵測域」意謂一或多個可偵測到之胺基酸序列。可使用任何適合之偵測域,包括
(但不限於)固有螢光蛋白質(例如綠色螢光蛋白質及來自非生物性發光珊瑚屬(Anthozoa species)之螢光蛋白質)、需要輔因子之螢光或發光蛋白質(例如藻膽蛋白或螢光素酶)及可藉由特異性抗體或其他特異性天然或非天然結合探針識別之抗原決定基,該等探針包括(但不限於)染料、酶輔因子及工程改造之結合分子,其經螢光或發光標記。
在其他實施例中,重組AdB-2/3纖維多肽包含或由以下之任一者之胺基酸序列組成:
(a)(M/-)
(SEQ ID NO:28);(b)(M/-)
(SEQ ID NO:29);(c)(M/-)
(SEQ ID NO:30);(d)(M/-)
(SEQ ID NO:31);(e)(M/-)
(SEQ ID NO:32);
(f)(M/-)
(SEQ ID NO:33);及(g)(M/-)
(SEQ ID NO:34)。
在另一實施例中,重組多肽呈多聚合形式形式,諸如二聚體、三聚體等。在一較佳實施例中,多聚體包含經由各同源三聚體中之二聚合域二聚合形成之二聚體(亦即:多肽為經由杵域之三聚合得到之同源三聚體)。在多聚合形式(諸如二聚體)中,重組多肽包含AdB-2/3纖維多聚體,且可用於如上文所述之本發明之各種方法中。如熟習此項技術者所瞭解,此類多聚體可包含相同之本發明之重組多肽之多聚體,或可包含不同之本發明之重組多肽之多聚體。在一個實施例中,在多聚體之各重組多肽形成部分中二聚合域相同。在另一實施例中,在多聚體之各重組多肽形成部分中二聚合域不同。在另一實施例中,在多聚體之各重組多肽形成部分中桿及/或杵域相同。在另一實施例中,在多聚體之各重組多肽形成部分中桿及/或杵域不同。
AdB-2/3纖維多聚合可根據習此相關技藝之人士熟知之方法來確定。舉例而言,重組AdB-2/3纖維構築體之多聚合可藉由包括以下之標準來評定:在蔗糖梯度中沈積、對胰蛋白酶蛋白分解之抗性及在聚丙烯醯胺凝膠中電泳遷移率(Hong及Engler,Journal of Virology 70:7071-7078(1996))。關於電泳遷移率,纖維多聚體為極穩定複合物且將在SDS-PAGE之前在樣品不沸騰時在符合多聚體之分子量下運作。然而,沸騰後,多聚合結構遭到破壞且蛋白質隨後在符合蛋白質
單體之尺寸下運作。
可將重組多肽或其多聚合型式儲存於溶液中或冷凍儲存。
在另一實施例中,本發明之重組多肽與一或多種治療劑組合(諸如結合)用於與上皮組織有關之病症。例如在本發明之治療方法中可使用此類結合物。諸如藉由共價結合或化學交聯使本發明之多肽與所關注之治療劑結合之方法為熟習此項技術者所熟知。可使用任何適合之治療劑以形成本發明之此實施例之結合物,該等治療劑包括(但不限於)腫瘤基質降低化合物(諸如鬆弛素)、烷基化劑、血管生成抑制劑、抗體、抗代謝物、抗有絲分裂劑、抗增生劑、極光激酶抑制劑、細胞凋亡促進劑(例如Bcl-xL、Bcl-w及Bfl-l)抑制劑、死亡受體路徑之活化劑、Bcr-Ab1激酶抑制劑、BiTE(雙特異性T細胞接合分子)抗體、生物反應調節劑、細胞週期素依賴性激酶抑制劑、細胞循環抑制劑、環加氧酶-2抑制劑、成長因子抑制劑、熱衝擊蛋白質HSP HSP)-90抑制劑、去甲基化劑、組蛋白脫乙醯基酶(HDAC)抑制劑、激素治療劑、免疫藥物、細胞凋亡蛋白質之抑制劑(IAP)、嵌入抗生素、激酶抑制劑、哺乳動物雷帕黴素(rapamycin)抑制劑靶標、微RNA之有絲分裂誘致劑活化之胞外信號調節之激酶抑制劑、多價結合蛋白、非類固醇消炎藥物(NSAID)、聚ADP(二磷酸腺苷)-核糖聚合酶(PARP)抑制劑、鉑化學治療劑、polo樣激酶(Plk)抑制劑、蛋白酶體抑制劑、嘌呤類似物、嘧啶類似物、受體酪胺酸激酶抑制劑、類視黃素/類維生素D植物鹼、小抑制性核糖核酸(siRNA)、拓撲異構酶抑制劑及其類似物。
屬於此等各種類別內之例示性治療劑包括(但不限於):多烯紫杉醇(docetaxel)、小紅莓(doxorubicin)、伊立替康、太平洋紫杉醇(Taxol®)、太平洋紫杉醇白蛋白結合粒子(Abraxane®)、小紅莓HCL脂質體(Doxil®)、BiTE抗體(諸如阿達木單抗(adecatumumab)(Micromet
MT201))、布林莫單抗(blinatumomab)(Micromet MT103)及其類似物、基於siRNA之治療劑、烷基化劑(包括六甲蜜胺)、AMD-473、AP-5280、阿帕茲酮(apaziquone)、苯達莫司汀(bendamustine)、布洛利辛(brostallicin)、白消安(busulfan)、卡波醌(carboquone)、卡莫司汀(carmustine)(BCNU)、苯丁酸氮芥、CLORETAZINE.®(拉莫司汀(laromustine),VNP 40101M)、環磷醯胺、達卡巴嗪(dacarbazine)、地西他濱(decitabine)、5'-氮胞苷、雌氮芥、福莫司汀(fotemustine)、葡磷醯胺(glufosfamide)、異環磷醯胺(ifosfamide)、KW-2170、洛莫司汀(lomustine)(CCNU)、馬磷醯胺(mafosfamide)、美法侖(melphalan)、二溴甘露醇、二溴衛矛醇、尼莫司汀(尼莫司汀)、氮芥N-氧化物、雷莫司汀(ranimustine)、替莫唑胺(temozolomide)、噻替派(thiotepa)、TREANDA®(苯達莫司汀)、曲奧舒凡(treosulfan)、曲磷胺及其類似物;血管生成抑制劑,包括內皮特異性受體酪胺酸激酶(Tie-2)抑制劑、表皮成長因子受體(EGFR)抑制劑、胰島素成長因子-2受體(IGFR-2)抑制劑、基質金屬蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)抑制劑、基質金屬蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)抑制劑、血小板衍生之成長因子受體(PDGFR)抑制劑、凝血栓蛋白類似物、血管內皮生長因子受體酪胺酸激酶(VEGFR)抑制劑及其類似物;抗代謝物,包括ALIMTA®(培美曲塞二鈉(pemetrexed disodium)、LY231514、MTA)、5-阿紮胞苷、XELODA®(卡培他濱(capecitabine))、卡莫氟(carmofur)、LEUSTAT®(克拉屈濱(cladribine))、氯法拉濱(clofarabine)、阿糖胞苷、十八烷基磷酸阿糖胞苷、胞嘧啶阿拉伯糖苷、地西他濱、去鐵胺(deferoxamine)、去氧氟尿苷(doxifluridine)、依氟鳥胺酸(eflornithine)、EICAR(5-乙炔基-1-.β.-D-呋喃核糖基咪唑-4-甲醯胺)、依諾他濱(enocitabine)、乙炔胞苷(ethnylcytidine)、氟達拉賓(fludarabine)、單獨或與甲醯四氫葉酸組合之5-氟尿嘧啶、GEMZAR®(吉西他濱(gemcitabine))、羥基脲、
ALKERAN®(美法侖)、巰基嘌呤、6-巰基嘌呤核糖苷、甲胺喋呤、甲胺喋呤類似物(諸如曲美沙特(trimetrexate)及普拉沙特(pralatraxate))、黴酚酸、奈拉濱(nelarabine)、諾拉曲特(nolatrexed)、十八烷基磷酸鹽、培利曲索(pelitrexol)、噴司他丁(pentostatin)、雷替曲塞(raltitrexed)、病毒唑、三安平(triapine)、曲美沙特、S-1、噻唑呋林(tiazofurin)、喃氟啶(tegafur)、TS-1、阿糖腺苷及其類似物;Bcl-2蛋白質抑制劑,包括AT-101((-)棉子酚)、GENASENSE®(G3139或奧利默森(oblimersen)(靶向Bcl-2之反義寡核苷酸))、IPI-194、IPI-565、N-(4-(4-((4'-氯(1'1-聯二苯)-2-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)苯甲醯基)-4-(((1R)-3-(二甲胺基)-1-((苯基硫基)甲基)丙基)胺基)-3-硝基苯基磺醯胺)(ABT-737)、N-(4-(4-((2-(4-氯苯基)-5,5-二甲基-1-環己-1-烯-1-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)苯甲醯基)-4-(((1R)-3-(嗎啉-4-基)-1-((苯基硫基)甲基)丙基)胺基)-3-((三氟甲基)碸基)苯磺醯胺(ABT-263)、GX至070(奧巴拉西(奧巴拉西))及其類似物;Bcr-Ab1激酶抑制劑,包括DASATINIB®(BMS-354825)、GLEEVEC®(伊馬替尼(imatinib))及其類似物;CDK抑制劑,包括AZD-5438、BMI-1040、BMS-032、BMS-387、CVT-2584、弗拉派多(flavopyridol)、GPC-286199、MCS-5A、PD0332991、PHA-690509、塞利希布(seliciclib)(CYC-202、R-羅斯維汀(R-roscovitine))、ZK-304709及其類似物;EGFR抑制劑,包括ABX-EGF、抗至EGFR免疫微脂囊、EGF疫苗、EMD-7200、ERBITUX®(西妥昔單抗)、HR3、IgA抗體、IRESSA®(吉非替尼(gefitinib))、TARCEVA®(埃羅替尼(erlotinib)或OSI-774)、TP-38、EGFR融合蛋白、TYKERB®(拉帕替尼(lapatinib))及其類似物;ErbB2受體抑制劑,包括CP-724-714、CI-1033(卡奈替尼(canertinib))、HERCEPTIN®(曲妥珠單抗(trastuzumab))、TYKERB®(拉帕替尼)、OMNITARG®(2C4、帕妥珠單抗(petuzumab))、TAK-165、GW-
572016(愛納法尼(ionafarnib))、GW-282974、EKB-569、PI-166、dHER2(HER2疫苗)、APC-8024(HER-2疫苗)、抗HER/2neu雙特異性抗體、B7.her2IgG3、AS HER2三官能雙特異性抗體、mAb AR-209、mAb 2B-1及其類似物;組蛋白脫乙醯基酶抑制劑,包括羅米地辛(romidepsin)、LAQ-824、MS-275、特拉卜辛(trapoxin)、辛二醯苯胺氧肟酸(SAHA)、TSA、丙戊酸酸及其類似物;HSP-90抑制劑,包括17-AAG-nab、17-AAG、CNF-101、CNF-1010、CNF-2024、17-DMAG、格爾德黴素(geldanamycin)、IPI-504、KOS-953、MYCOGRAB®(HSP-90之人類重組抗體)、NCS-683664、PU24FC1、PU-3、根赤殼菌素(radicicol)、SNX-2112、STA-9090 VER49009及其類似物;死亡受體路徑之活化劑,包括TRAIL、抗體或靶向TRAIL或死亡受體之其他藥劑(例如DR4及DR5),諸如阿撲單抗(Apomab)、康納木單抗(conatumumab)、ETR2-ST01、GDC0145、(來沙木單抗(lexatumumab))、HGS-1029、LBY-135、PRO-1762及曲妥珠單抗;鉑化學治療劑,包括順鉑、ELOXATIN®(奧沙利鉑(oxaliplatin))、依鉑(eptaplatin)、洛鉑(lobaplatin)、奈達鉑(nedaplatin)、PARAPLATIN®(卡鉑(carboplatin))、賽特鉑(satraplatin)、吡鉑(picoplatin)及其類似物;VEGFR抑制劑,包括AVASTIN®(貝伐單抗(bevacizumab))、ABT-869、AEE-788、阿西替尼(axitinib)(AG-13736)、AZD-2171、CP-547,632、IM-862、MACUGEN(哌加他尼(pegaptamib))、NEXAVAR®(索拉非尼(sorafenib)、BAY43-9006)、帕佐泮尼(pazopanib)(GW-786034)、凡塔藍尼(vatalanib)(PTK-787、ZK-222584)、SUTENT®(舒尼替尼(sunitinib)、SU-11248)、VEGF捕獲劑、ZACTIMAThi(凡德他尼(vandetanib)、ZD-6474)及其類似物;樹突狀細胞治療劑(西普亮塞-T(sipuleucel-T),Provenge®);拓撲異構酶抑制劑,包括阿柔比星(aclarubicin)、9-胺基喜樹鹼、胺萘非特
(amonafide)、安吖啶(amsacrine)、貝克咔林(becatecarin)、貝洛替康(belotecan)、BN-80915、CAMPTOSAR®(伊立替康鹽酸鹽)、喜樹鹼、右雷佐生(dexrazoxine)、二氟替康(diflomotecan)、艾特咔林(edotecarin)、ELLENCE®或PHARMORUBICIN®(表柔比星(epirubicin)、依託泊苷(etoposide)、依喜替康(exatecan)、白蛋白結合型紫杉醇(abraxane)、伊里諾坎(irenotecan)、10-羥喜樹鹼、吉馬替康(gimatecan)、勒托替康(勒托替康)、米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone)、奧拉熱星(orathecin)、吡柔比星(pirarbucin)、匹蒽醌(pixantrone)、盧比替康(rubitecan)、索布佐生(sobuzoxane)、SN-38、塔呋泊苷(tafluposide)、拓朴替康及其類似物;抗體,包括AVASTIN®(貝伐單抗)、CD40-特異性抗體、chTNT-1/B、德諾單抗(denosumab)、ERBITUX®(西妥昔單抗)、HUMAX-CD4®(紮木單抗(zanolimumab))、IGF I R-特異性抗體、林妥珠單抗(lintuzumab)、PANOREX®(依決洛單抗(edrecolomab))、RENCAREX®(WX G250)、RITUXAN®(利妥昔單抗(rituximab))、替西單抗(ticilimumab)、曲妥珠單抗(trastuzimab)及其類似物;激素治療劑,ARIMIDEX®(阿那曲唑(anastrozole))、AROMASIN®(依西美坦(exemestane))、阿佐昔芬(arzoxifene)、CASODEX®(比卡魯胺(bicalutamide))、CETROTIDE®(西曲瑞克(cetrorelix))、地加瑞克(degarelix)、德舍瑞林(deslorelin)、DESOPAN®(曲洛司坦(trilostane))、地塞米松(dexamethasone)、DROGENIL®(氟他胺(flutamide))、EVISTA®(雷洛昔芬(raloxifene))、AFEMA®(法屈唑(fadrozole))、FARESTON®(托瑞米芬(toremifene))、FASLODEX®(氟維司群(fulvestrant))、FEMARA®(來曲唑(letrozole))、福美司坦(formestane)、糖皮質激素、HECTOROL®(度骨化醇(doxercalciferol))、RENAGEL®(司維拉姆碳酸鹽(sevelamer carbonate))、拉索昔芬(lasofoxifene)、亮丙立德乙酸鹽(leuprolide
acetate)、MEGACE®(甲地孕酮(megesterol))、MIFEPREX®(米非司酮(mifepristone))、NILANDRON®(尼魯胺(nilutamide))、NOLVADEX®(他莫昔芬檸檬酸鹽(tamoxifen citrate))、PLENAXIS®(阿巴瑞克(abarelix))、潑尼松(prednisone)、PROPECIA®(非那雄安(finasteride))、利洛司坦(rilostane)、SUPREFACT®(布舍瑞林(buserelin))、TRELSTAR®(促黃體素釋放激素(LHRH))、VANTAS®(組胺瑞林植入物(Histrelin implant))、VETORYL®(曲洛司坦或莫達司坦(modrastane))、ZOLADEX®(福司瑞林(fosrelin)、戈舍瑞林(goserelin))及其類似物;免疫藥物,包括干擾素α、干擾素α-2a、干擾素α-2b、干擾素β、干擾素γ-1a、ACTIMMUNE®(干擾素γ-1b)或干擾素γ-n1、其組合及其類似物。其他藥劑包括ALFAFERONE®(IFN-α)、BAM-002(氧化麩胱甘肽)、BEROMUN®(他索那明(tasonermin))、BEXXAR®(托西莫單抗(tositumomab))、CAMPATH®(阿侖單抗(alemtuzumab))、CTLA4(細胞毒性淋巴細胞抗原4)、達卡巴嗪(decarbazine)、地尼介白素(denileukin)、依帕珠單抗(epratuzumab)、GRANOCYTE®(來格司亭(lenograstim))、蘑菇多醣(lentinan)、白血球α干擾素、咪喹莫特(imiquimod)、MDX-010(抗CTLA-4)、黑素瘤疫苗、米妥莫單抗(mitumomab)、莫拉司亭(molgramostim)、MYLOTARG.TM.(吉妥單抗奧唑米星(gemtuzumab ozogamicin))、NEUPOGEN®(非格司亭(filgrastim))、OncoVAC-CL、OVAREX®(奧戈伏單抗(oregovomab))、潘妥莫單抗(pemtumomab)(Y-muHMFG1)、PROVENGE®(西普亮塞-T)、沙格司亭(sargaramostim)、西佐喃(sizofilan)、替西白介素(teceleukin)、THERACYS®(卡介苗(Bacillus Calmette-Guerin))、烏苯美司(ubenimex)、VIRULIZIN®(免疫治療劑,Lorus Pharmaceuticals)、Z-100(丸山之特異性物質(Specific Substance of
Maruyama,SSM))、WF-10(四氯十氧化物(TCDO))、PROLEUKIN®(阿地介白素(aldesleukin))、ZADAXIN®(胸腺法新(thymalfasin))、ZENAPAX®(達利珠單抗(daclizumab))、ZEVALIN®(90Y-替伊莫單抗泰澤坦(90Y-Ibritumomab tiuxetan))及其類似物;奧伐組單抗(ofatumumab);生物反應調節劑,包括雲芝多醣(krestin)、蘑菇多醣、西佐喃(sizofuran)、畢西巴尼PF-3512676(picibanil PF-3512676)(CpG-8954)、烏苯美司及其類似物;嘧啶類似物,包括阿糖胞苷(ara C或阿拉伯糖苷C)、胞嘧啶阿拉伯糖苷、去氧氟尿苷、FLUDARA®(氟達拉賓)、5-FU(5-氟尿嘧啶)、氟尿苷(floxuridine)、GEMZAR®(吉西他濱)、TOMUDEX®(雷替曲賽(ratitrexed))、TROXATYL®(三乙醯基尿苷曲沙他濱(triacetyluridine troxacitabine))及其類似物;嘌呤類似物,包括LANVIS®(硫鳥嘌呤(thioguanine)及PURI-NETHOL®(巰基嘌呤);抗有絲分裂劑,包括巴他布林(batabulin)、埃坡黴素D(epothilone D)(KOS-862)、N-(2-((4-羥基苯基)胺基)吡啶-3-基)-4-甲氧基苯磺醯胺、伊沙匹隆(ixabepilone)(BMS 247550)、太平洋紫杉醇、TAXOTERE®(多烯紫杉醇)、PNU100940(109881)、帕妥匹隆(patupilone)、XRP-9881(拉洛他賽(larotaxel))、長春氟寧(vinflunine)、ZK-EPO(合成埃坡黴素)及其類似物;及其他化學治療劑,ABRAXANE®(ABI-007)、ABT-100(法呢基轉移酶(farnesyl transferase)抑制劑)、ADVEXIN®(Ad5CMV-p53疫苗)、ALTOCOR®或MEVACOR®(洛伐他汀(lovastatin))、AMPLIGE®.(poly I:poly C12U,一種合成RNA)、APTOSYN®(依昔舒林(exisulind))、AREDIA®(帕米膦酸(pamidronic acid))、阿格拉賓(arglabin)、L-天冬醯胺酶(L-天冬醯胺酶)、阿他美坦(atamestane)(1-甲基-3,17-二酮-雄甾-1,4-二烯)、AVAGE®(他紮羅汀(tazarotene))、AVE-8062(康普瑞汀衍生物(combreastatin derivative))、BEC2(米妥莫單
抗)、惡病質素或惡病質(腫瘤壞死因子)、康維辛(canvaxin)(疫苗)、CEAVAC®(癌症疫苗)、CELEUK®(西莫白介素(celmoleukin))、CEPLENE®(組織胺二鹽酸鹽)、CERVARIX®(人類乳突狀瘤病毒疫苗)、CHOP®(C:CYTOXAN®(環磷醯胺);H:ADRIAMYCIN®(羥基小紅莓);O:長春新鹼(Vincristine)(ONCOVIN®);P:潑尼松)、CYPAT®(乙酸環丙孕酮)、康普瑞汀A4P(combrestatin A4P)、DAB(389)EGF(經由His-Ala連接子與人類表皮成長因子稠合之白喉毒素之催化及易位域)TransMID-107R®(白喉毒素(diphtheria toxins))、達卡巴嗪、放線菌素D(dactinomycin)、5,6-二甲基二苯并哌喃酮-4-乙酸(DMXAA)、恩尿嘧啶(eniluracil)、EVIZON.TM.(角鯊胺乳酸鹽(squalamine lactate))、DIMERICINE®(T4N5脂質體洗劑)、迪斯德莫來(discodermolide)、DX-8951f(依喜替康甲磺酸鹽)、恩紮妥林(enzastaurin)、EPO906(埃博黴素B(epithilone B))、GARDASIL®(四價人類乳突狀瘤病毒(6、11、16、18型)重組疫苗)、GASTRIMMUNE®、GENASENSE®、GMK(神經節苷脂結合疫苗)、GVAX®(前列腺癌疫苗)、鹵夫酮(halofuginone)、組胺瑞林(histerelin)、羥基脲、伊班膦酸(ibandronic acid)、IGN-101、IL-13-PE38、IL-13-PE38QQR(辛曲德開貝舒托(cintredekin besudotox))、IL-13-綠膿桿菌外毒素、干擾素-α、干擾素-γ、JUNOVAN®或MEPACT®(米伐木肽(mifamurtide))、洛那法尼(lonafarnib)、5,10-亞甲基四氫葉酸、米替福新(miltefosine)(十六烷基磷酸膽鹼)、NEOVASTAT®(AE-941)、NEUTREXIN®(曲美沙特葡萄糖醛酸鹽)、NIPENT®(噴司他丁)、ONCONASE®(核糖核酸酶)、ONCOPHAGE®(黑素瘤疫苗治療劑)、ONCOVAX®(IL-2疫苗)、ORATHECIN®(盧比替康)、OSIDEM®(基於抗體之細胞藥物)、OVAREX®MAb(鼠類單株抗體)、太平洋紫杉醇、PANDIMEX®(來自
人參之配基皂苷,包含20(S)原人參二醇(aPPD)及20(S)原人參三醇(aPPT))、帕尼單抗(panitumumab)、PANVAC®-VF(研究性癌症疫苗)、培門冬酶(pegaspargase)、PEG干擾素A、苯妥帝爾(phenoxodiol)、丙卡巴肼(procarbazine)、瑞馬司他(rebimastat)、REMOVAB®(卡托莫西單抗(catumaxomab))、REVLIMID®(來那度胺(lenalidomide))、RSR13(乙丙昔羅(efaproxiral))、SOMATULINE®LA(蘭瑞肽(lanreotide))、SORIATANE®(阿曲汀(acitretin))、星形孢菌素(staurosporine)(鏈黴菌星狀孢子(Streptomyces staurospores))、塔拉司他(talabostat)(PT100)、TARGRETIN®(貝瑟羅汀(bexarotene))、(TAXOPREXIN®(DHA-太平洋紫杉醇)、TELCYTA®(堪佛司非米德(canfosfamide)、TLK286)、特米利芬(temilifene)、TEMODAR®(替莫唑胺)、替米利芬(tesmilifene)、沙立度胺(thalidomide)、THERATOPE®(STn-KLH)、賽米他(thymitaq)(2-胺基-3,4-二氫-6-甲基-4-側氧基-5-(4-吡啶基硫基)喹唑啉二鹽酸鹽)、TNFERADE®(腺病毒載體:含有用於腫瘤壞死因子-α之基因之DNA載體)、TRACLEER®或ZAVESCA®(波生坦(bosentan))、維甲酸(tretinoin)(Retin-A)、漢防己鹼(tetrandrine)、TRISENOX®(三氧化二砷)、VIRULIZIN®、烏克瑞恩(ukrain)(來自大白屈菜植物之生物鹼之衍生物)、維他欣(vitaxin)(抗αvβ3抗體)、XCYTRIN®(莫特沙芬釓(motexafin gadolinium))、XINLAY®(阿曲生坦(atrasentan))、XYOTAX®(太平洋紫杉醇聚麩胺酸)、YONDELIS®(曲貝替定(trabectedin))、ZD-6126、ZINECARD®(右雷佐生(dexrazoxane))、ZOMETA®(唑來膦酸(zolendronic acid))、克卓替尼(crizotinib)、左柔比星(zorubicin)及其類似物。
在另一較佳實施例中,治療劑包含結合至橋粒黏蛋白-2之化合物;較佳為結合至DSG2且使緊密接合點打開之化合物。
在其他實施例中,治療劑包含放射性粒子/放射療法。任何適合之放射性療法或粒子主治醫師均可認為適當的,包括(但不限於)鈷-60、碘-131、銥-192、鍶-89、鈣153、錸-186及鉛-212。
在一較佳實施例中,治療劑為抗腫瘤治療劑且包含如本文所述之化學治療劑或抗腫瘤單株抗體。在另一較佳實施例中,抗腫瘤治療劑包含選自由以下組成之群的抗體:曲妥珠單抗、西妥昔單抗、帕妥珠單抗、阿撲單抗、康納木單抗、來沙木單抗、貝伐單抗、貝伐單抗、德諾單抗、紮木單抗、林妥珠單抗、依決洛單抗、利妥昔單抗、替西單抗、托西莫單抗、阿侖單抗、依帕珠單抗、米妥莫單抗、吉妥單抗奧唑米星、奧戈伏單抗、潘妥莫單抗、達利珠單抗、帕尼單抗、卡托莫西單抗、奧伐組單抗及替伊莫單抗。有用抗腫瘤mAb及其特異性用途之非限制性實例列舉於表1中且如Campoli,M等人,Principles & Practice of Oncology 23(1&2):1-19(2009)中所進一步描述,該文獻以引用之方式併入本文中。
在另一實施例中,本發明之重組多肽與一或多種診斷劑或顯影劑組合(諸如結合)。本發明之重組多肽及多聚體廣泛應用於任何診斷劑、顯影劑或其他化合物向包含細胞間接合點之上皮組織的傳遞,在該細胞間接合點中進入所關注之靶標可受限。在各種非限制性實施例中,顯影劑可包括可直接或間接產生可偵測信號之任何化合物。許多此類顯影劑為熟習此項技術者所已知。適用於所揭示方法及組合物之顯影劑之實例為放射性同位素、螢光分子、磁性粒子(包括奈米粒
子)、金屬粒子(包括奈米粒子)、磷光分子、酶、抗體、配體及其組合,而診斷劑可包含作為結合至此類顯影劑之特定上皮病症之診斷性標記之化合物。偵測及量測藉由顯影劑產生之信號之方法亦為熟習此項技術者所已知。舉例而言,放射性同位素可藉由閃爍計數或直接觀測來偵測;螢光分子可用螢光分光光度計來偵測;磷光分子可用分光光度計來偵測或用相機來直接觀測;酶可藉由偵測或觀測由酶催化之反應的產物來偵測;抗體可藉由偵測偶合至抗體之二次偵測標籤來偵測。在一個較佳實施例中,顯影劑及/或診斷劑為可用以藉由直接腫瘤結合或藉由使顯影劑或診斷劑與可結合腫瘤之化合物偶合偵測腫瘤之顯影劑及/或診斷劑。
在各種實施例中,顯影劑可為螢光顯影劑,而診斷劑可包含作為結合至螢光顯影劑之特定上皮病症之診斷性標記之化合物。螢光顯影劑為具有可偵測螢光信號之任何化學部分。此顯影劑可單獨或與其他顯影劑組合使用。可用於本文所揭示之組合物及方法之適合螢光劑之實例包括(但不限於)螢光素(FITC)、5-羧基螢光素-N-羥基丁二醯亞胺酯、5,6-羧基甲基螢光素、硝基苯并-2-噁-1,3-二唑-4-基(NBD)、胺螢、OPA、NDA、靛氰綠染料、花青染料(例如Cy3、Cy3.5、Cy5、Cy5.5及Cy7)、4-乙醯胺基-4'-異硫氰基芪-2,2'二磺酸、吖啶、異硫氰酸吖啶、5-(2'-胺基乙基)胺基萘-1-磺酸(EDANS)、4-胺基-N-[3-乙烯磺醯基)苯基萘二甲醯亞胺-3,5二磺酸酯、N-(4-苯胺基-1-萘基)順丁烯二醯亞胺、鄰胺基苯甲醯胺、BODIPY、亮黃、香豆素、7-胺基-4-甲基香豆素(AMC,香豆素120)、7-胺基-4-三氟甲基香豆素(香豆滿151)、焰紅染料、4',6-二甲脒基-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI)、5',5"-二溴連苯三酚-磺酞(溴連苯三酚紅)、7-二乙胺基-3-(4'-異硫氰基苯基)-4-甲基香豆素、五乙酸二伸乙基三胺、4,4'-二異硫氰基二氫-芪-2,2'-二磺酸、4,4'-二異硫氰基芪-2,2'-二磺酸、5-[二甲胺基]萘-1-磺醯氯(DNS,丹
黃醯氯)、4-(4'-二甲基胺基苯偶氮基)苯甲酸(DABCYL)、4-二甲基胺基苯偶氮基苯基-4'-異硫氰酸酯(DABITC)、曙紅、異硫氰酸曙紅、紅螢素B、異硫氰酸紅螢素、溴化乙錠、乙錠、5-羧基螢光素(FAM)、5-(4,6-二氯三嗪-2-基)胺基螢光素(DTAF)、2',7'-二甲氧基-4'5'-二氯-6-羧基螢光素(JOE)、異硫氰酸螢光素、IR144、IR1446、異硫氰酸孔雀綠、4-甲基傘形酮、鄰甲酚酞、硝基酪胺酸、副薔薇苯胺、酚紅、B-藻紅素、鄰苯二甲醛、芘、丁酸芘、丁酸丁二醯亞胺基-1-芘、活性紅4(汽巴克隆[R]光亮紅色3B-A)、6-羧基-X-若丹明(ROX)、6-羧基若丹明(R6G)、酸性若丹明B磺醯氯若丹明(Rhod)、5,6-四甲基若丹明、若丹明B、若丹明123、異硫氰酸若丹明X、磺醯若丹明B、磺醯若丹明101、磺醯若丹明101之磺醯氯衍生物(德克薩斯紅)、N,N,N',N'-四甲基-6-羧基若丹明(TAMRA)、四甲基若丹明、異硫氰酸四甲基若丹明(TRITC)、核黃素、玫紅酸、香豆素-6及其類似物,包括其組合。此等螢光顯影部分可獲自多個市售來源,包括Molecular Probes,Eugene,Oreg.and Research Organics,Cleveland,Ohio,或可藉由一般技術者合成。
在另一實例中,顯影劑可包含磁共振顯影(MRI)劑,而診斷劑可包含作為結合至MRI劑之特定上皮病症之診斷性標記之化合物。MRI劑為具有可偵測磁共振信號或可影響(例如增加或改變)另一藥劑之磁共振信號之任何化學部分。此類型之顯影劑可單獨或與其他顯影劑組合使用。在另一實例中,基於釓之MRI劑可充當顯影劑。可併入所揭示之顯影劑中之適合MRI藥劑之實例為對胺基苯甲基二伸乙三胺五乙酸(p-NH2-Bz-DTPA,化合物7),一種二伸乙三胺五乙酸(DTPA)之可結合形式,已知其強烈結合釓且經批准用作磁共振對比劑用於臨床中。在諸如如本文所揭示之樹狀基質之大分子上併入MRI劑可在單個分子得到大T1鬆弛度(高對比度)及藥劑之多個複本,由此可增強信
號。藉由組合MRI顯影劑及例如螢光顯影劑,所得藥劑可偵測到,顯影且經由MRI即時追蹤。其他顯影劑包括可藉由併入18F或64Cu或68Ga之螯合劑製備之PET劑。此外,添加放射性核種可用以促進SPECT顯影或傳遞輻射劑量,而診斷劑可包含作為結合至PET劑之特定上皮病症之診斷標記之化合物。
在一些實施例中,診斷劑為診斷性顯影劑,包括(但不限於)正電子發射斷層攝影(PET)劑、電腦化斷層攝影(CT)劑、磁共振顯影(MRI)劑、核磁顯影劑(NMI)、螢光分析劑及超音波對比劑。此類診斷劑包括諸如以下元素之放射性同位素:碘(I)(包括123I、125I、131I等)、鋇(Ba)、釓(Gd)、鎝(Tc)(包括99Tc)、磷(P)(包括31P)、鐵(Fe)、錳(Mn)、鉈(Tl)、鉻(Cr)(包括51Cr)、碳(C)(包括14C)或其類似物;螢光標記化合物、或其複合物、螯合物、加合物及結合物。可使用任何適合之PET劑,包括(但不限於)碳-11、氮-13、氧-15、氟-18,11C-美托咪酯及其葡萄糖類似物,包括(但不限於)氟脫氧葡糖(一種用氟-18標記之葡萄糖類似物)。
在其他實施例中,診斷劑為在表現於細胞中時容易偵測之編碼蛋白質之標記基因(包括(但不限於)β-半乳糖苷酶、綠色螢光蛋白質、螢光素酶及其類似物)及經標記核酸探針(例如放射性標記或螢光標記之探針)。在一些實施例中,診斷劑或顯影劑與本文所提供之AdB-2/3多聚體之共價結合根據多種結合方法來實現。在其他實施例中,診斷劑與所提供之AdB-2/3多聚體非共價關聯。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供編碼本發明之多肽或任何實施例之核酸。核酸可包含RNA或DNA,且可基於本文中之教示使用標準分子生物技術製備及分離。核酸可包含適用於促進編碼之蛋白質之表現及/或純化之其他域,包括(但不限於)polyA序列、經修飾Kozak序列及編碼抗原決定基標記、輸出信號及分泌信號、細胞核位置信號及質膜位
置信號之序列。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供包含可操作地連接至啟動子之本發明之任何態樣之核酸的重組表現載體。「重組表現載體」包括使編碼區或基因之核酸可操作地連接至能夠實現基因產物之表現的任何啟動子之載體。用以驅動哺乳動物系統中所揭示之核酸之表現的啟動子序列可具組成性(藉由多種促進劑中之任一者驅動,包括(但不限於)CMV、SV40、RSV、肌動蛋白、EF)或誘導性(藉由許多誘導性促進劑中之任一者驅動,包括(但不限於)四環素、蛻皮激素、類固醇反應促進劑)。用於轉染原核細胞之表現載體之建構在本領域中亦為熟知的,且因此可經由標準技術來實現。(參見例如Sambrook,Fritsch及Maniatis,Molecular Cloning,A Laboratory Manual,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,1989;Gene Transfer and Expression Protocols,第109-128頁,E.J.Murray編,The Humana Press Inc.,Clifton,N.J.)及the Ambion 1998 Catalog(Ambion,Austin,TX)。表現載體必須為在宿主生物體中可以游離基因體形式或藉由整合至宿主染色體DNA中來複製,且可包含認為適用於指定用途之任何其他組分,包括(但不限於)選擇標記,諸如抗抗生素基因。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供包含本文所揭示之重組表現載體之宿主細胞,及其後代,其中宿主細胞可為原核或真核的。細胞可經短暫或穩定轉染。表現載體轉染此類向原核及真核細胞中之轉染可經由此項技術中已知之任何技術實現,該技術包括(但不限於)標準細菌轉化、磷酸鈣共沈澱、電穿孔或脂質體介導、DEAE聚葡萄糖介導、聚陽離子介導或病毒介導之轉染。(參見例如Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual(Sambrook等人,1989,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press;Culture of Animal Cells:A Manual of Basic Technique,第2版(R.I.Freshney.1987.Liss,Inc.New York,NY)。利
用用表現載體轉染以產生一定量之多肽的培養細胞之技術在本領域中為所熟知的。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供醫藥組合物,其包含(a)本發明之AdB-2/3纖維多聚體;及(b)醫藥學上可接受之載劑。
AdB-2/3纖維多聚體可為如本文中根據本發明之任何態樣、實施例或實施例之組合所述之任何此類多聚體,其併有本發明之第一態樣之任何實施例之突變體杵域多肽(亦即:SEQ ID NO:1-11)。
醫藥組合物可進一步包含一或多種用於治療與上皮組織有關之病症的治療劑,包括(但不限於)上文所揭示之病症。在一較佳實施例中,治療劑為抗腫瘤治療劑且包含如本文所述之化學治療劑或抗腫瘤單株抗體。在另一較佳實施例中,抗腫瘤治療劑包含選自由以下組成之群的抗體:曲妥珠單抗、西妥昔單抗、帕妥珠單抗、阿撲單抗、康納木單抗、來沙木單抗、貝伐單抗、貝伐單抗、德諾單抗、紮木單抗、林妥珠單抗、依決洛單抗、利妥昔單抗、替西單抗、托西莫單抗、阿侖單抗、依帕珠單抗、米妥莫單抗、吉妥單抗奧唑米星、奧戈伏單抗、潘妥莫單抗、達利珠單抗、帕尼單抗、卡托莫西單抗、奧伐組單抗及替伊莫單抗。
醫藥學上可接受之載劑為無毒生物相容性的且經選擇以免不利地影響多聚體(及與其組合之任何其他治療劑)之生物活性。用於肽之示例性醫藥學上可接受之載劑描述於Yamada之美國專利第5,211,657號中組合物可調配成呈固體、半固體、凝膠、液體或氣體形式之製劑,諸如錠劑、膠囊、散劑、顆粒劑、軟膏、溶液、栓劑、吸入劑及注射劑,從而允許經口、非經腸或手術投與。適合用於經由可注射、輸注或灌溉及表面傳遞來非經腸傳遞之載劑包括蒸餾水、磷酸鹽緩衝生理食鹽水、正常或乳酸林格氏溶液(Ringer's solutions)、右旋糖溶
液、漢克氏溶液(Hank's solution)或丙二醇。另外,無菌固定油可用作溶劑或懸浮培養基。出於此目的,可使用包括合成單甘油酯或二甘油酯之任何生物相容性油狀物。另外,脂肪酸(諸如油酸)用於製備可注射製劑中。載劑及藥劑可複合成液體、懸浮液、可聚合或不可聚合凝膠、糊狀物或油膏。載劑亦可包含維持(亦即擴展、延遲或調節)藥劑之傳遞或增強治療劑之傳遞、攝入、穩定性或藥代動力學之傳遞媒劑。此類傳遞媒劑可包含(作為非限制性實例)微米粒子、微粒、奈米球或奈米粒子,其係由蛋白質、脂質體、碳水化合物、合成有機化合物、無機化合物、聚合或共聚合水凝膠及聚合微胞構成。適合之水凝膠及微胞傳遞系統包括國際公開案第WO 2004/009664 A2號中所揭示之PEO:PHB:PEO共聚物及共聚物/環糊精複合物,及美國公開案第2002/0019369 A1號中所揭示之PEO及PEO/環糊精複合物。此類水凝膠可在預定作用部位局部注射或皮下或肌肉內注射以形成持續釋放儲槽。
對於鞘內(IT)或腦室內(ICV)傳遞,可使用適當無菌傳遞系統(例如液體、凝膠、懸浮液等)投與組合物。對於非肽激導性藥劑之經口投與,組合物可諸如蔗糖、玉米澱粉或纖維素之填充劑或稀釋劑攜帶。
本發明之組合物亦可包括生物相容性賦形劑,諸如分配或潤濕劑、懸浮劑、稀釋劑、緩衝劑、滲透增強劑、乳化劑、黏合劑、增稠劑、調味劑(對於經口投與)。例示性調配物可以可注射劑量之多聚體於生理學上可接受之稀釋劑與醫藥載劑中之溶液或懸浮液非經腸投與,該醫藥載劑可為無菌液體,諸如水、油狀物、生理食鹽水、甘油或乙醇。另外,諸如潤濕劑或乳化劑之助劑物質、界面活性劑、pH緩衝物質及其類似物可以包含經修飾多肽之組合物形式存在。醫藥組合物之其他組分包括石油(諸如動物、植物或合成來源之石油),例如
大豆油及礦物油。一般而言,諸如丙二醇或聚乙二醇之二醇較佳為可注射溶液之液體載劑。
醫藥組合物亦可以儲槽式注射劑或植入式製劑之形式投與,可以此方式調配以使得多聚體及其他治療劑(若存在)持續或脈衝式釋放。
醫藥組合物除本發明之多肽之外可包含(a)凍乾保護劑;(b)界面活性劑;(c)膨化劑;(d)張力調節劑;(e)穩定劑;(f)防腐劑及/或(g)緩衝劑。在一些實施例中,醫藥組合物中之緩衝劑為Tris緩衝劑、組胺酸緩衝劑、磷酸鹽緩衝劑、檸檬酸鹽緩衝劑或乙酸鹽緩衝劑。醫藥組合物亦可包括凍乾保護劑,例如蔗糖、山梨糖醇或海藻糖。在某些實施例中,醫藥組合物包括防腐劑,例如氯化苯甲烴銨、苄索銨、氯己定、苯酚、三甲酚、苄醇、對羥基苯甲酸甲酯、對羥基苯甲酸丙酯、氯丁醇、鄰甲酚、對甲酚、氯甲酚、硝酸苯汞、硫柳汞、苯甲酸及各種其混合物。在其他實施例中,醫藥組合物包括膨化劑,如甘胺酸。在其他實施例中,醫藥組合物包括界面活性劑,例如聚山梨醇酯-20、聚山梨醇酯-40、聚山梨醇酯-60、聚山梨醇酯-65、聚山梨醇酯-80、聚山梨醇酯-85、泊洛沙姆-188(poloxamer-188)、單月桂酸脫水山梨糖醇、單棕櫚酸脫水山梨糖醇、單硬脂酸脫水山梨糖醇、單油酸脫水山梨糖醇、三月桂酸脫水山梨糖醇、三硬酯酸脫水山梨糖醇、三油酸脫水山梨糖醇或其組合。醫藥組合物亦可包括張力調節劑,例如使調配物與人類血液實質上等張或等滲之化合物。例示性張力調節劑包括蔗糖、山梨糖醇、甘胺酸、甲硫胺酸、甘露糖醇、右旋糖、肌醇、氯化鈉、精胺酸及精胺酸鹽酸鹽。在其他實施例中,醫藥組合物另外包括穩定劑,例如與所關注之蛋白質組合時實質上防止或降低凍乾或液體形成之所關注之蛋白質之化學及/或物理不穩定性的分子。例示性穩定劑包括蔗糖、山梨糖醇、甘胺酸、肌醇、氯化鈉、甲硫胺酸、
精胺酸及精胺酸鹽酸鹽。
醫藥組合物可以任何適合之方式封裝。在一個實施例中,將醫藥組合物封裝為含有AdB-2/3纖維多聚體之容器(諸如小瓶)之套組。在一較佳實施例中,套組進一步在同一或各別容器(諸如小瓶)中包含待投與個體之治療劑、診斷劑或顯影劑以及AdB-2/3纖維多聚體。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供包含以下之套組(a)一或多種重組多肽/AdB-2/3纖維多聚體、分離之核酸、重組表現載體及/或本發明之宿主細胞;及(b)關於其用於治療與上皮組織有關之病症的說明書。套組可進一步包含用於本發明之方法的治療劑。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供增強治療性治療或診斷與上皮組織有關之病症及/或使上皮組織顯影的方法,其包含向有需要個體投與:(a)足以治療該病症之量的一或多種治療劑、足以診斷該病症之量的診斷劑及/或足以使上皮組織顯影之量的顯影劑;及(b)足以增強一或多種治療劑、診斷學及/或顯影劑之功效之量的本發明之AdB-2/3纖維多聚體或本發明之醫藥組合物。
本發明之此態樣之方法可用以藉由改良治療劑、診斷劑及/或顯影劑向其靶標之進入及在上皮組織中之擴散而增強與上皮組織有關之病症之治療性治療、診斷或顯影。在不受任何機制束縛之情況下,本發明人咸信此舉經由補充機制發生:來自基側之靶標受體向頂部細胞表面移動,由此使得靶向受體(諸如單株抗體)之治療劑、診斷劑及/或顯影劑較佳地進入上皮組織靶標中,且經由破壞細胞間接合點較佳地滲透治療劑。DSG2為AdB-2/3之主要高親和力受體。DSG2為屬於鈣黏素蛋白質族之結合鈣之跨膜醣蛋白。在上皮細胞中,DSG2為細胞間黏附結構之組分。其細胞質尾與一系列蛋白質相互作用,與細胞黏附及細胞間接合點/細胞形態之調節劑直接接觸。已展示DSG2過度表
現於一系列上皮惡性腫瘤中,包括胃癌、鱗狀細胞癌、黑素瘤、轉移性前列腺癌及膀胱癌。
在不受特定作用機制束縛之情況下,本發明人咸信結合至DSG2之AdB-2/3纖維多聚體用以觸發短暫之DSG2介導之細胞間接合點之打開,其用以改良治療劑、診斷劑、顯影劑或結合至上皮細胞中之靶標之所關注之任何其他化合物之進入,該靶標另外以至少一定程度捕獲於細胞間接合點中。本文提供此類活性之詳細實例。因此可使用本發明之任何AdB-2/3纖維多聚體以觸發短暫之細胞間接合點之DSG2介導之打開來進行本發明之方法。可用於此等方法之包含一或多種本發明之AdB-2/3纖維多聚體之例示性多聚體包括(但不限於)AdB-2/3病毒粒子、AdB-2/3衣殼、AdB-2/3十二面體粒子(PtDd)(在其複製期間藉由AdB-2/3產生之次病毒十二面體粒子)及重組AdB-2/3纖維多聚體。
本發明之方法已廣泛應用於任何治療劑、診斷劑、顯影劑或其他化合物向包含細胞間接合點之上皮組織的傳遞,在該上皮組織中進入所關注之靶標可受限,因為DSG2廣泛表現於上皮細胞中。如本文所用,「與上皮組織有關之病症」為投與/通過上皮細胞/上皮組織之治療劑、診斷劑或顯影劑為患者不論在改良治療、診斷及/或顯影功效方面提供臨床益處之任何病症。此類病症包括(但不限於)實體腫瘤(亦即具有上皮細胞接合點之任何腫瘤)、腸胃病(包括(但不限於)大腸急躁症、發炎性腸病、克羅恩氏病、潰瘍性結腸炎、便秘、胃食道逆流病、巴雷斯特氏食道症等)、皮膚病(包括(但不限於)牛皮癬及皮膚炎)、肺病(包括(但不限於)慢性阻塞性肺病、哮喘、支氣管炎、肺氣腫、囊腫性纖維化、間質性肺病、肺炎、胰管病、大腦病症(亦即:可受益於改良之經由血腦屏障藥物傳遞之任何大腦病症,)、原發性肺高血壓、肺栓塞、類肉瘤病、肺結核等)、腎病(包括(但不限於)絲球體腎炎)、肝病(包括(但不限於)肝炎)、內分泌病症(包括(但不限於)
糖尿病及甲狀腺病症)、胰管病(包括(但不限於)胰臟炎)及膽管病(包括(但不限於)膽管堵塞、膽囊炎、輸膽管結石、膽石等)及上皮組織感染(包括(但不限於)蜂窩組織炎、肺炎、肝炎及腎盂腎炎)。在一個較佳實施例中,與上皮組織有關之病症包含實體腫瘤,包括(但不限於)乳房腫瘤、肺腫瘤、結腸腫瘤、直腸腫瘤、皮膚腫瘤、內分泌腫瘤、胃腫瘤(stomach tumors)、前列腺腫瘤、卵巢腫瘤、子宮腫瘤、子宮頸腫瘤、腎臟腫瘤、黑色素瘤、胰腺腫瘤、肝臟腫瘤、腦腫瘤、頭頸腫瘤、鼻咽腫瘤、胃腫瘤(gastric tumors)、鱗狀細胞癌、腺癌、膀胱腫瘤及食道腫瘤。如熟習此項技術者所理解,此類腫瘤包括原發性腫瘤、局部侵入性腫瘤以及已轉移之腫瘤。
如本文所用,「增強功效」意謂治療、診斷及/或顯影功效優於單使用治療劑、診斷劑及/或顯影劑之任何增強。舉例而言,治療功效之量度將視所治療之病症而改變,但容易藉由主治醫師鑑別。舉例而言,此類功效之提高包括(但不限於)相對於單獨用治療劑治療以下中之一或多者逐漸提高:(a)降低病症之嚴重程度;(b)限制或預防所治療病症之症狀特徵的顯現;(c)抑制所治療之病症之症狀特徵的惡化;(d)限制或預防先前患有病症之患者之該病症的復發;及(e)限制或預防先前有病症症狀之患者之該症狀的復發。在一個非限制性實例中,治療實體腫瘤能夠誘導腫瘤受體自上皮細胞之基側釋放以能夠改良進入且殺死腫瘤。
對於癌症,存在界定腫瘤反應及測量反應之標準方法之標準。此等反應包括腫瘤反應,其藉由監測腫瘤尺寸之變化或疾病之血清標記來確定。部分反應為腫瘤減小50%以上,而完全反應被定義為腫瘤完成消失。用以量測腫瘤之方法為醫師所熟知且包括物理檢驗、放射學測試(諸如CT掃描、MRI、PET掃描、X線)以及血清標記,諸如用以監測前列腺癌之前列腺特異性抗原。癌症治療之治療功效之其他量
度包括量測進展時間、無進展存活期及總存活期。
與單獨投與診斷劑相比,改良之診斷功效包括功效之任何改良,包括(但不限於)診斷測試之特異性及/或敏感性逐漸增加。與單獨投與顯影劑相比,改良之顯影功效包括功效之任何改良,包括(但不限於)特異性、敏感性、再現性、對比增強、較小疾病部位之偵測、疾病之更精確描繪,諸如疾病(諸如腫瘤、膿腫等)之尺寸及形狀。
在各種實施例中,功效之增強為與整個患者群體中單獨用治療劑、診斷劑及/或顯影劑獲得之功效相比益處5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、50%、75%、100%或大於100%。
任何適合之個體均可使用本發明之方法進行治療,較佳為人類個體。
任何治療劑、診斷劑、顯影劑或可靶向上皮組織且傳遞至上皮組織中之其他化合物均可藉由可用於本發明之方法的短暫打開細胞間接合點來改良。在一個實施例中,治療劑係選自由以下組成之群:抗體、免疫結合物、奈米粒子、核酸治療劑及其組合、化學治療劑、疫苗、放射性粒子/放射性療法(「輻射」)、細胞免疫療法(包括授受性T細胞療法及樹突狀細胞療法(實例:投與之T細胞之瘤內滲透))、吸入治療劑、基因治療構築體(包括(但不限於)作為基因治療載體之AdB-2/3病毒,及共同投與基於Ad5之基因治療載體)、其他核酸治療劑及其組合。
在各種實施例中,治療劑係選自由以下組成之群:烷基化劑、血管生成抑制劑、抗體、抗代謝物、抗有絲分裂劑、抗增生劑、極光激酶抑制劑、細胞凋亡促進劑(例如Bcl-xL、Bcl-w及Bfl-l)抑制劑、死亡受體路徑之活化劑、Bcr-Ab1激酶抑制劑、BiTE(雙特異性T細胞接合分子)抗體、生物反應調節劑、細胞週期素依賴性激酶抑制劑、細胞循環抑制劑、環加氧酶-2抑制劑、成長因子抑制劑、熱衝擊蛋白
質HSP HSP)-90抑制劑、去甲基化劑、組蛋白脫乙醯基酶(HDAC)抑制劑、激素治療劑、免疫藥物、細胞凋亡蛋白質之抑制劑(IAP)、嵌入抗生素、激酶抑制劑、哺乳動物雷帕黴素抑制劑靶標、微RNA之有絲分裂誘致劑活化之胞外信號調節之激酶抑制劑、多價結合蛋白、非類固醇消炎藥物(NSAID)、聚ADP(二磷酸腺苷)-核糖聚合酶(PARP)抑制劑、鉑化學治療劑、polo樣激酶(Plk)抑制劑、蛋白酶體抑制劑、嘌呤類似物、嘧啶類似物、受體酪胺酸激酶抑制劑、類視黃素/類維生素D植物鹼、小抑制性核糖核酸(siRNA)、拓撲異構酶抑制劑及其類似物。
屬於此等各種類別內之例示性治療劑包括(但不限於):多烯紫杉醇、小紅莓、伊立替康、太平洋紫杉醇(Taxol®)、太平洋紫杉醇白蛋白結合粒子(Abraxane®)、小紅莓HCL脂質體(Doxil®)、BiTE抗體(諸如阿達木單抗(Micromet MT201))、布林莫單抗(Micromet MT103)及其類似物、基於siRNA之治療劑、烷基化劑(包括六甲蜜胺)、AMD-473、AP-5280、阿帕茲酮、苯達莫司汀、布洛利辛、白消安、卡波醌、卡莫司汀(BCNU)、苯丁酸氮芥、CLORETAZINE.®(拉莫司汀,VNP 40101M)、環磷醯胺、達卡巴嗪、地西他濱、5'-氮胞苷、雌氮芥、福莫司汀、葡磷醯胺、異環磷醯胺、KW-2170、洛莫司汀(CCNU)、馬磷醯胺、美法侖、二溴甘露醇、二溴衛矛醇、尼莫司汀(尼莫司汀)、氮芥N-氧化物、雷莫司汀、替莫唑胺、噻替派、TREANDA®(苯達莫司汀)、曲奧舒凡、曲磷胺及其類似物;血管生成抑制劑,包括內皮特異性受體酪胺酸激酶(Tie-2)抑制劑、表皮成長因子受體(EGFR)抑制劑、胰島素成長因子-2受體(IGFR-2)抑制劑、基質金屬蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)抑制劑、基質金屬蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)抑制劑、血小板衍生之成長因子受體(PDGFR)抑制劑、凝血栓蛋白類似物、血管內皮生長因子受體酪胺酸激酶(VEGFR)抑制劑及其類似物;抗代謝
物,包括ALIMTA®(培美曲塞二鈉、LY231514、MTA)、5-阿紮胞苷、XELODA®(卡培他濱)、卡莫氟、LEUSTAT®(克拉屈濱)、氯法拉濱、阿糖胞苷、十八烷基磷酸阿糖胞苷、胞嘧啶阿拉伯糖苷、地西他濱、去鐵胺、去氧氟尿苷、依氟鳥胺酸、EICAR(5-乙炔基-1-.β.-D-呋喃核糖基咪唑-4-甲醯胺)、依諾他濱、乙炔胞苷、氟達拉賓、單獨或與甲醯四氫葉酸組合之5-氟尿嘧啶、GEMZAR®(吉西他濱)、羥基脲、ALKERAN®(美法侖)、巰基嘌呤、6-巰基嘌呤核糖苷、甲胺喋呤、甲胺喋呤類似物(諸如曲美沙特及普拉沙特)、黴酚酸、奈拉濱、諾拉曲特、十八烷基磷酸鹽、培利曲索、噴司他丁、雷替曲塞、病毒唑、三安平、曲美沙特、S-1、噻唑呋林、喃氟啶、TS-1、阿糖腺苷及其類似物;Bcl-2蛋白質抑制劑,包括AT-101((-)棉子酚)、GENASENSE®(G3139或奧利默森(靶向Bcl-2之反義寡核苷酸))、IPI-194、IPI-565、N-(4-(4-((4'-氯(1'1-聯二苯)-2-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)苯甲醯基)-4-(((1R)-3-(二甲胺基)-1-((苯基硫基)甲基)丙基)胺基)-3-硝基苯基磺醯胺)(ABT-737)、N-(4-(4-((2-(4-氯苯基)-5,5-二甲基-1-環己-1-烯-1-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)苯甲醯基)-4-(((1R)-3-(嗎啉-4-基)-1-((苯基硫基)甲基)丙基)胺基)-3-((三氟甲基)碸基)苯磺醯胺(ABT-263)、GX至070(奧巴拉西(奧巴拉西))及其類似物;Bcr-Ab1激酶抑制劑,包括DASATINIB®(BMS-354825)、GLEEVEC®(伊馬替尼)及其類似物;CDK抑制劑,包括AZD-5438、BMI-1040、BMS-032、BMS-387、CVT-2584、弗拉派多、GPC-286199、MCS-5A、PD0332991、PHA-690509、塞利希布(CYC-202、R-羅斯維汀)、ZK-304709及其類似物;EGFR抑制劑,包括ABX-EGF、抗至EGFR免疫微脂囊、EGF疫苗、EMD-7200、ERBITUX®(西妥昔單抗)、HR3、IgA抗體、IRESSA®(吉非替尼)、TARCEVA®(埃羅替尼或OSI-774)、TP-38、EGFR融合蛋白、TYKERB®(拉帕替尼)及其類似物;ErbB2受體抑制
劑,包括CP-724-714、CI-1033(卡奈替尼)、HERCEPTIN®(曲妥珠單抗)、TYKERB®(拉帕替尼)、OMNITARG®(2C4、帕妥珠單抗(petuzumab))、TAK-165、GW-572016(愛納法尼)、GW-282974、EKB-569、PI-166、dHER2(HER2疫苗)、APC-8024(HER-2疫苗)、抗HER/2neu雙特異性抗體、B7.her2IgG3、AS HER2三官能雙特異性抗體、mAb AR-209、mAb 2B-1及其類似物;組蛋白脫乙醯基酶抑制劑,包括羅米地辛(romidepsin)、LAQ-824、MS-275、特拉卜辛、辛二醯苯胺氧肟酸(SAHA)、TSA、丙戊酸酸及其類似物;HSP-90抑制劑,包括17-AAG-nab、17-AAG、CNF-101、CNF-1010、CNF-2024、17-DMAG、格爾德黴素、IPI-504、KOS-953、MYCOGRAB®(HSP-90之人類重組抗體)、NCS-683664、PU24FC1、PU-3、根赤殼菌素、SNX-2112、STA-9090 VER49009及其類似物;死亡受體路徑之活化劑,包括TRAIL、抗體或靶向TRAIL或死亡受體之其他藥劑(例如DR4及DR5),諸如阿撲單抗、康納木單抗、ETR2-ST01、GDC0145、(來沙木單抗)、HGS-1029、LBY-135、PRO-1762及曲妥珠單抗;鉑化學治療劑,包括順鉑、ELOXATIN®(奧沙利鉑)、依鉑、洛鉑、奈達鉑、PARAPLATIN®(卡鉑)、賽特鉑、吡鉑及其類似物;VEGFR抑制劑,包括AVASTIN®(貝伐單抗)、ABT-869、AEE-788、阿西替尼(AG-13736)、AZD-2171、CP-547,632、IM-862、MACUGEN(哌加他尼)、NEXAVAR®(索拉非尼、BAY43-9006)、帕佐泮尼(GW-786034)、凡塔藍尼(PTK-787、ZK-222584)、SUTENT®(舒尼替尼、SU-11248)、VEGF捕獲劑、ZACTIMAThi(凡德他尼、ZD-6474)及其類似物;樹突狀細胞治療劑(西普亮塞-T,Provenge®);拓撲異構酶抑制劑,包括阿柔比星、9-胺基喜樹鹼、胺萘非特、安吖啶、貝克咔林、貝洛替康、BN-80915、CAMPTOSAR®(伊立替康鹽酸鹽)、喜樹鹼、右雷佐生、二氟替康、艾特咔林、ELLENCE®或PHARMORUBICIN®(表柔
比星、依託泊苷、依喜替康、白蛋白結合型紫杉醇、伊里諾坎、10-羥喜樹鹼、吉馬替康、勒托替康(勒托替康)、米托蒽醌、奧拉熱星、吡柔比星、匹蒽醌、盧比替康、索布佐生、SN-38、塔呋泊苷、拓朴替康及其類似物;抗體,包括AVASTIN®(貝伐單抗)、CD40-特異性抗體、chTNT-1/B、德諾單抗、ERBITUX®(西妥昔單抗)、HUMAX-CD4®(紮木單抗)、IGF I R-特異性抗體、林妥珠單抗、PANOREX®(依決洛單抗)、RENCAREX®(WX G250)、RITUXAN®(利妥昔單抗)、替西單抗、曲妥珠單抗及其類似物;激素治療劑,ARIMIDEX®(阿那曲唑)、AROMASIN®(依西美坦)、阿佐昔芬、CASODEX®(比卡魯胺)、CETROTIDE®(西曲瑞克)、地加瑞克、德舍瑞林、DESOPAN®(曲洛司坦)、地塞米松、DROGENIL®(氟他胺)、EVISTA®(雷洛昔芬)、AFEMA®(法屈唑)、FARESTON®(托瑞米芬)、FASLODEX®(氟維司群)、FEMARA®(來曲唑)、福美司坦、糖皮質激素、HECTOROL®(度骨化醇)、RENAGEL®(司維拉姆碳酸鹽)、拉索昔芬、亮丙立德乙酸鹽、MEGACE®(甲地孕酮)、MIFEPREX®(米非司酮)、NILANDRON®(尼魯胺)、NOLVADEX®(他莫昔芬檸檬酸鹽)、PLENAXIS®(阿巴瑞克)、潑尼松、PROPECIA®(非那雄安)、利洛司坦、SUPREFACT®(布舍瑞林)、TRELSTAR®(促黃體素釋放激素(LHRH))、VANTAS®(組胺瑞林植入物)、VETORYL®(曲洛司坦或莫達司坦)、ZOLADEX®(福司瑞林、戈舍瑞林)及其類似物;免疫藥物,包括干擾素α、干擾素α-2a、干擾素α-2b、干擾素β、干擾素γ-1a、ACTIMMUNE®(干擾素γ-1b)或干擾素γ-n1、其組合及其類似物。其他藥劑包括ALFAFERONE®(IFN-α)、BAM-002(氧化麩胱甘肽)、BEROMUN®(他索那明)、BEXXAR®(托西莫單抗)、CAMPATH®(阿侖單抗)、CTLA4(細胞毒性淋巴細胞抗原4)、達卡巴嗪、地尼介白素、依帕珠單抗、GRANOCYTE®(來格司、蘑菇多醣、白血球α干擾
素、咪喹莫特、MDX-010(抗CTLA-4)、黑素瘤疫苗、米妥莫單抗、莫拉司亭、MYLOTARG.TM.(吉妥單抗奧唑米星)、NEUPOGEN®(非格司亭)、OncoVAC-CL、OVAREX®(奧戈伏單抗)、潘妥莫單抗(Y-muHMFG1)、PROVENGE®(西普亮塞-T)、沙格司亭、西佐喃、替西白介素、THERACYS®(卡介苗)、烏苯美司、VIRULIZIN®(免疫治療劑,Lorus Pharmaceuticals)、Z-100(丸山之特異性物質(SSM))、WF-10(四氯十氧化物(TCDO))、PROLEUKIN®(阿地介白素)、ZADAXIN®(胸腺法新)、ZENAPAX®(達利珠單抗)、ZEVALIN®(90Y-替伊莫單抗泰澤坦)及其類似物;奧伐組單抗;生物反應調節劑,包括雲芝多醣、蘑菇多醣、西佐喃、畢西巴尼PF-3512676(CpG-8954)、烏苯美司及其類似物;嘧啶類似物,包括阿糖胞苷(ara C或阿拉伯糖苷C)、胞嘧啶阿拉伯糖苷、去氧氟尿苷、FLUDARA®(氟達拉賓)、5-FU(5-氟尿嘧啶)、氟尿苷、GEMZAR®(吉西他濱)、TOMUDEX®(雷替曲賽)、TROXATYL®(三乙醯基尿苷曲沙他濱)及其類似物;嘌呤類似物,包括LANVIS®(硫鳥嘌呤及PURI-NETHOL®(巰基嘌呤);抗有絲分裂劑,包括巴他布林、埃坡黴素D(KOS-862)、N-(2-((4-羥基苯基)胺基)吡啶-3-基)-4-甲氧基苯磺醯胺、伊沙匹隆(BMS 247550)、太平洋紫杉醇、TAXOTERE®(多烯紫杉醇)、PNU100940(109881)、帕妥匹隆、XRP-9881(拉洛他賽)、長春氟寧、ZK-EPO(合成埃坡黴素)及其類似物;及其他化學治療劑,ABRAXANE®(ABI-007)、ABT-100(法呢基轉移酶抑制劑)、ADVEXIN®(Ad5CMV-p53疫苗)、ALTOCOR®或MEVACOR®(洛伐他汀(lovastatin))、AMPLIGE®.(poly I:poly C12U,一種合成RNA)、APTOSYN®(依昔舒林)、AREDIA®(帕米膦酸)、阿格拉賓、L-天冬醯胺酶(L-天冬醯胺酶)、阿他美坦(1-甲基-3,17-二酮-雄甾-1,4-二烯)、AVAGE®(他紮羅汀)、AVE-8062(康普瑞汀衍生物)、BEC2(米妥莫單抗)、惡病質素或惡病質
(腫瘤壞死因子)、康維辛(疫苗)、CEAVAC®(癌症疫苗)、CELEUK®(西莫白介素)、CEPLENE®(組織胺二鹽酸鹽)、CERVARIX®(人類乳突狀瘤病毒疫苗)、CHOP®(C:CYTOXAN®(環磷醯胺);H:ADRIAMYCIN®(羥基小紅莓);O:長春新鹼(ONCOVIN®);P:潑尼松)、CYPAT®(乙酸環丙孕酮)、康普瑞汀A4P、DAB(389)EGF(經由His-Ala連接子與人類表皮成長因子稠合之白喉毒素之催化及易位域)TransMID-107R®(白喉毒素)、達卡巴嗪、放線菌素D、5,6-二甲基二苯并哌喃酮-4-乙酸(DMXAA)、恩尿嘧啶、EVIZON.TM.(角鯊胺乳酸鹽)、DIMERICINE®(T4N5脂質體洗劑)、迪斯德莫來、DX-8951f(依喜替康甲磺酸鹽)、恩紮妥林、EPO906(埃博黴素B)、GARDASIL®(四價人類乳突狀瘤病毒(6、11、16、18型)重組疫苗)、GASTRIMMUNE®、GENASENSE®、GMK(神經節苷脂結合疫苗)、GVAX®(前列腺癌疫苗)、鹵夫酮、組胺瑞林、羥基脲、伊班膦酸、IGN-101、IL-13-PE38、IL-13-PE38QQR(辛曲德開貝舒托)、IL-13-綠膿桿菌外毒素、干擾素-α、干擾素-γ、JUNOVAN®或MEPACT®(米伐木肽)、洛那法尼、5,10-亞甲基四氫葉酸、米替福新(十六烷基磷酸膽鹼)、NEOVASTAT®(AE-941)、NEUTREXIN®(曲美沙特葡萄糖醛酸鹽)、NIPENT®(噴司他丁)、ONCONASE®(核糖核酸酶)、ONCOPHAGE®(黑素瘤疫苗治療劑)、ONCOVAX®(IL-2疫苗)、ORATHECIN®(盧比替康)、OSIDEM®(基於抗體之細胞藥物)、OVAREX®MAb(鼠類單株抗體)、太平洋紫杉醇、PANDIMEX®(來自人參之配基皂苷,包含20(S)原人參二醇(aPPD)及20(S)原人參三醇(aPPT))、帕尼單抗、PANVAC®-VF(研究性癌症疫苗)、培門冬酶、PEG干擾素A、苯妥帝爾、丙卡巴肼、瑞馬司他、REMOVAB®(卡托莫西單抗)、REVLIMID®(來那度胺)、RSR13(乙丙昔羅)、SOMATULINE®LA(蘭瑞肽)、SORIATANE®(阿曲汀)、星形孢菌素(鏈
黴菌星狀孢子)、塔拉司他(PT100)、TARGRETIN®(貝瑟羅汀)、(TAXOPREXIN®(DHA-太平洋紫杉醇)、TELCYTA®(堪佛司非米德、TLK286)、特米利芬、TEMODAR®(替莫唑胺)、替米利芬、沙立度胺、THERATOPE®(STn-KLH)、賽米他(2-胺基-3,4-二氫-6-甲基-4-側氧基-5-(4-吡啶基硫基)喹唑啉二鹽酸鹽)、TNFERADE®(腺病毒載體:含有用於腫瘤壞死因子-α之基因之DNA載體)、TRACLEER®或ZAVESCA®(波生坦)、維甲酸(Retin-A)、漢防己鹼、TRISENOX®(三氧化二砷)、VIRULIZIN®、烏克瑞恩(來自大白屈菜植物之生物鹼之衍生物)、維他欣(抗αvβ3抗體)、XCYTRIN®(莫特沙芬釓)、XINLAY®(阿曲生坦)、XYOTAX®(太平洋紫杉醇聚麩胺酸)、YONDELIS®(曲貝替定)、ZD-6126、ZINECARD®(右雷佐生)、ZOMETA®(唑來膦酸)、克卓替尼、左柔比星及其類似物。
在另一較佳實施例中,治療劑包含結合至橋粒黏蛋白-2之化合物;較佳為結合至DSG2且使緊密接合點打開之化合物。
在其他實施例中,治療劑包含放射性粒子/放射療法。任何適合之放射性療法或粒子主治醫師均可認為適當的,包括(但不限於)鈷-60、碘-131、銥-192、鍶-89、鈣153、錸-186及鉛-212。
在一較佳實施例中,治療劑為抗腫瘤治療劑且包含如本文所述之化學治療劑或抗腫瘤單株抗體。在另一較佳實施例中,抗腫瘤治療劑包含選自由以下組成之群的抗體:曲妥珠單抗、西妥昔單抗、帕妥珠單抗、阿撲單抗、康納木單抗、來沙木單抗、貝伐單抗、貝伐單抗、德諾單抗、紮木單抗、林妥珠單抗、依決洛單抗、利妥昔單抗、替西單抗、托西莫單抗、阿侖單抗、依帕珠單抗、米妥莫單抗、吉妥單抗奧唑米星、奧戈伏單抗、潘妥莫單抗、達利珠單抗、帕尼單抗、卡托莫西單抗、奧伐組單抗及替伊莫單抗。有用抗腫瘤mAb及其特異性用途之非限制性實例列舉於以上表1中且如Campoli,M等人,
Principles & Practice of Oncology 23(1&2):1-19(2009)中所進一步描述,該文獻以引用之方式併入本文中。
單株抗體治療劑可為任何類型之單株抗體,包括(但不限於)標準單株抗體、人類化單株抗體、由小鼠或其他來源產生之全人類抗體、嵌合單株抗體及其片段。「人類化單株抗體」係指源自諸如小鼠單株抗體之非人類單株抗體之單株抗體。或者,人類化單株抗體可源自保留或實質上保留親本非人類單株抗體之抗原結合特性,但在向人類投與時呈現與親本單株抗體相比降低之免疫原性的嵌合抗體。舉例而言,嵌合單株抗體可包含人類及鼠類抗體片段,一般為人類恆定區及小鼠可變區。人類化單株抗體可使用此項技術中已知之多種方法來製備,包括(但不限於)(1)將來自非人類單株抗體之互補決定區移植至人類構架及恆定區(「人類化」),及(2)移植非人類單株抗體可變結構域,但藉由置換表面殘基用人類樣表面將其「遮蓋」(「鑲蓋(veneering)」)。此等方法揭示於例如Jones等人,Nature 321:522-525(1986);Morrison等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.,U.S.A.,81:6851-6855(1984);Morrison及Oi,Adv.Immunol.,44:65-92(1988);Verhoeyer等人,Science 239:1534-1536(1988);Padlan,Molec.Immun.28:489-498(1991);Padlan,Molec.Immunol.31(3):169-217(1994);及Kettleborough,C.A.等人,Protein Eng.4(7):773-83(1991)中。可使用習知技術將單株抗體分成片段,且以與整個抗體相同之方式對片段進行效用篩檢。舉例而言,F(ab')2片段可藉由用胃蛋白酶處理抗體而產生。可對所得F(ab')2片段進行處理以還原二硫橋鍵,產生Fab'片段。Fab片段可藉由用番木瓜蛋白酶處理IgG抗體獲得;F(ab')片段可有IgG抗體之胃蛋白酶分解獲得。F(ab')片段亦可藉由經由硫醚鍵或二硫鍵結合下文所述之Fab'產生。Fab'片段為由切割F(ab')2之鉸鏈區之二硫鍵獲得之抗體片段。Fab'片段可藉由用諸如二硫蘇糖醇之還原劑處理
F(ab')2片段獲得。抗體片段肽亦可藉由在重組細胞中表現編碼此類肽之核酸而產生(參見例如Evans等人,J.Immunol.Meth.184:123-38(1995))。舉例而言,編碼F(ab')2片段之一部分之嵌合基因可包括編碼H鏈之CH1域及鉸鏈區,隨後編碼轉譯終止密碼子以產生此類截短抗體片段分子之DNA序列。單株抗體片段之非限制性實例包括(i)Fab片段,一種基本上由VL、VH、CL及CH1域組成之單價片段;(ii)F(ab)2及F(ab')2片段,包含兩個在鉸鏈區藉由二硫橋鍵連接之Fab片段之二價片段;(iii)基本上由VH及CH1域組成之Fd片段;(iv)基本上由抗體之單臂之VL及VH域組成之Fv片段;(v)dAb片段(Ward等人,(1989)Nature 341:544-546),其基本上由VH域組成;及(vi)一或多個分離之CDR或功能互補位。
在可與本發明之任何實施例或實施例之組合進行組合的一個較佳實施例中,該病症包含Her-2陽性腫瘤,且該方法包含單獨或組合化學治療劑、輻射或其組合共投與本發明之AdB-2/3纖維多聚體以及適合之單株抗體療法。在另一較佳實施例中,單株抗體為曲妥珠單抗。在可與此等實施例中之任一者組合之另一較佳實施例中,Her-2陽性腫瘤係選自由以下組成之群:乳房腫瘤、胃腫瘤、結腸腫瘤及卵巢腫瘤。在另一較佳實施例中,將該方法實施於對曲妥珠單抗無充分響應之患者,諸如不具有腫瘤緩解、腫瘤復發或顯現對曲妥珠單抗之抗性。亦可使用此等實施例之方法幫助降低獲得治療功效所需之曲妥珠單抗之劑量,且由此可用以限制副作用(諸如曲妥珠單抗相關之心臟毒性)。
在可與本發明之任何實施例或實施例之組合進行組合的另一較佳實施例中,該病症包含EGFR-陽性腫瘤,且該方法包含單獨或組合化學治療劑、輻射或其組合共投與AdB-2/3纖維多聚體以及適合之單株抗體療法。在另一較佳實施例中,單株抗體為曲妥珠單抗。在可與
此等實施例中之任一者組合之另一較佳實施例中,EGFR陽性腫瘤係選自由以下組成之群:肺腫瘤、結腸腫瘤、乳房腫瘤、直腸腫瘤、頭頸腫瘤及胰腺腫瘤。在另一較佳實施例中,將該方法實施於對西妥昔單抗無充分響應之患者,諸如不具有腫瘤緩解、腫瘤復發或顯現對西妥昔單抗之抗性。亦可使用此等實施例之方法幫助降低獲得治療功效所需之西妥昔單抗之劑量,且由此可用以限制副作用(諸如通常在西妥昔單抗治療期間出現之痤瘡樣皮疹)。
在可與本發明之任何實施例或實施例之組合進行組合的另一較佳實施例中,該病症包含上皮腫瘤,且該方法包含單獨或組合化學治療劑、輻射或其組合共投與AdB-2/3纖維多聚體以及血管內皮生長因子(VEGF)抑制劑。可使用VEGF抑制劑,包括(但不限於)貝伐單抗。
在可與本文中之任何實施例或實施例之組合組合之另一實施例中,該涉及實體腫瘤之方法進一步包含投與能夠降解腫瘤基質蛋白質之化合物。可使用任何適用於降解腫瘤基質蛋白質之化合物,包括(但不限於)鬆弛素、膠原蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、分散酶、MMP(金屬蛋白酶)-1及MMP8。此類化合物之傳遞可藉由任何適合之機制進行,包括基因療法、分別投與AdB-2/3纖維多聚體及治療劑、或以與AdB-2/3纖維或治療劑之結合物形式投與。
在可與本文中之任何實施例或實施例之組合組合之另一實施例中,該方法進一步包含投與AdB-2/3多聚體與其他接合點打開劑之組合。如本文所用,「接合點打開劑」為能夠短暫打開細胞間接合點之化合物。可使用任何合適之接合點打開劑。在一個非限制性實施例中,接合點打開劑包含閉鎖小帶蛋白毒素(Zona occludens toxin,Zot),一種由霍亂弧菌(Vibrio cholerae,V.eholerae)產生之毒素,其能夠可逆地改變腸上皮接合點,從而使大分子通過黏膜障壁(Fasano等人(1991)Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88:5242-5246)]。已研發出源自
Zot之六肽(AT-1001)。在另一實施例中,產氣莢膜梭菌(Clostridium perfringens)腸毒素自緊密接合點移出閉合蛋白-3及閉合蛋白-4以有助於細菌侵入(Sonoda N等人(1999)J Cell Biol 147:195-204.]。在另一實施例中,藉由人類Ad、HPV、HTLV-1編碼之腫瘤蛋白可藉由使接合點蛋白質ZO-1錯位短暫打開上皮接合點(Latorre IJ等人(2005)J Cell Sci 118:4283-4293)。在其他實施例中,若干人類病毒接合緊密接合點或其他細胞接合分子以實現進入上皮細胞中。此等病毒中有C型肝炎病毒(Evans MJ等人(2007)Nature 446:801-805)、呼腸孤病毒(Barton ES等人(2001)Cell 104:441-451)及單純性疱疹病毒(Geraghty RJ等人(1998)Science 280:1618-1620)。
在另一實施例中,治療劑為吸入治療劑。本發明之方法中可使用任何適合之吸入治療劑。在各種非限制性實施例中,吸入治療劑係選自由以下組成之群:皮質類固醇、支氣管擴張劑、β促效劑、抗膽鹼激導性劑、沙丁胺醇(albuterol)(PROVENTIL®;VENOLIN®;ACCUNEB®;PROAIR®)、左旋沙丁胺醇(levalbuterol)(XOPENEX®)、吡丁醇(pirbutrol)(MAXAIR®)、異丙托溴銨(ipratropium bromide)(ATROVENT®)、倍氯米松(beclomethasone)、布地奈德(budesonide)、氟尼縮松(flunisolide)(AEROBID®)、氟替卡松(fluticasone)、曲安奈德(triamcinolone acetonide)、氟替卡松(fluticasone)(一種皮質類固醇)及沙美特羅(salmeterol)(ADVAIR®)、福莫特岩(formotorol)(一種長效β促效劑支氣管擴張劑)及布地奈德(一種皮質類固醇)(SYMICORT®)、沙丁胺醇(一種β促效劑)及異丙托銨(ipratropium)(COMBIVENT®;一種抗膽鹼激導性劑)(布地奈德(PULMICORT RESPULES®)及噻托溴銨(tiopropium)(SPIRIVA®;一種抗膽鹼激導性支氣管擴張劑)。
在另一實施例中,化合物包含診斷劑或顯影劑。本發明之方法
已廣泛應用於任何診斷劑、顯影劑或其他化合物向包含細胞間接合點之上皮組織之傳遞,在該上皮組織中進入所關注之靶標可受限。在各種非限制性實施例中,顯影劑可包括可直接或間接產生可偵測信號之任何化合物。許多此類顯影劑為熟習此項技術者所已知。適用於所揭示方法及組合物之顯影劑之實例為放射性同位素、螢光分子、磁性粒子(包括奈米粒子)、金屬粒子(包括奈米粒子)、磷光分子、酶、抗體、配體及其組合,而診斷劑可包含作為結合至此類顯影劑之特定上皮病症之診斷性標記之化合物。偵測及量測藉由顯影劑產生之信號之方法亦為熟習此項技術者所已知。舉例而言,放射性同位素可藉由閃爍計數或直接觀測來偵測;螢光分子可用螢光分光光度計來偵測;磷光分子可用分光光度計來偵測或用相機來直接觀測;酶可藉由偵測或觀測由酶催化之反應的產物來偵測;抗體可藉由偵測偶合至抗體之二次偵測標籤來偵測。在一個較佳實施例中,顯影劑及/或診斷劑為可用以藉由直接腫瘤結合或藉由使顯影劑或診斷劑與可結合腫瘤之化合物偶合偵測腫瘤之顯影劑及/或診斷劑。
在一個實例中,顯影劑可包含螢光顯影劑,而診斷劑可包含作為結合至螢光顯影劑之特定上皮病症之診斷性標記之化合物。螢光顯影劑為具有可偵測螢光信號之任何化學部分。此顯影劑可單獨或與其他顯影劑組合使用。可用於本文所揭示之組合物及方法之適合螢光劑之實例包括(但不限於)螢光素(FITC)、5-羧基螢光素-N-羥基丁二醯亞胺酯、5,6-羧基甲基螢光素、硝基苯并-2-噁-1,3-二唑-4-基(NBD)、胺螢、OPA、NDA、靛氰綠染料、花青染料(例如Cy3、Cy3.5、Cy5、Cy5.5及Cy7)、4-乙醯胺基-4'-異硫氰基芪-2,2'二磺酸、吖啶、異硫氰酸吖啶、5-(2'-胺基乙基)胺基萘-1-磺酸(EDANS)、4-胺基-N-[3-乙烯磺醯基)苯基萘二甲醯亞胺-3,5二磺酸酯、N-(4-苯胺基-1-萘基)順丁烯二醯亞胺、鄰胺基苯甲醯胺、BODIPY、亮黃、香豆素、7-胺基-4-甲
基香豆素(AMC,香豆素120)、7-胺基-4-三氟甲基香豆素(香豆滿151)、焰紅染料、4',6-二甲脒基-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI)、5',5"-二溴連苯三酚-磺酞(溴連苯三酚紅)、7-二乙胺基-3-(4'-異硫氰基苯基)-4-甲基香豆素、五乙酸二伸乙基三胺、4,4'-二異硫氰基二氫-芪-2,2'-二磺酸、4,4'-二異硫氰基芪-2,2'-二磺酸、5-[二甲胺基]萘-1-磺醯氯(DNS,丹黃醯氯)、4-(4'-二甲基胺基苯偶氮基)苯甲酸(DABCYL)、4-二甲基胺基苯偶氮基苯基-4'-異硫氰酸酯(DABITC)、曙紅、異硫氰酸曙紅、紅螢素B、異硫氰酸紅螢素、溴化乙錠、乙錠、5-羧基螢光素(FAM)、5-(4,6-二氯三嗪-2-基)胺基螢光素(DTAF)、2',7'-二甲氧基-4'5'-二氯-6-羧基螢光素(JOE)、異硫氰酸螢光素、IR144、IR1446、異硫氰酸孔雀綠、4-甲基傘形酮、鄰甲酚酞、硝基酪胺酸、副薔薇苯胺、酚紅、B-藻紅素、鄰苯二甲醛、芘、丁酸芘、丁酸丁二醯亞胺基-1-芘、活性紅4(汽巴克隆[R]光亮紅色3B-A)、6-羧基-X-若丹明(ROX)、6-羧基若丹明(R6G)、酸性若丹明B磺醯氯若丹明(Rhod)、5,6-四甲基若丹明、若丹明B、若丹明123、異硫氰酸若丹明X、磺醯若丹明B、磺醯若丹明101、磺醯若丹明101之磺醯氯衍生物(德克薩斯紅)、N,N,N',N'-四甲基-6-羧基若丹明(TAMRA)、四甲基若丹明、異硫氰酸四甲基若丹明(TRITC)、核黃素、玫紅酸、香豆素-6及其類似物,包括其組合。此等螢光顯影部分可獲自多個市售來源,包括Molecular Probes,Eugene,Oreg.and Research Organics,Cleveland,Ohio,或可藉由一般技術者合成。
在另一實例中,顯影劑可包含磁共振顯影(MRI)劑,而診斷劑可包含作為結合至MRI劑之特定上皮病症之診斷性標記之化合物。MRI劑為具有可偵測磁共振信號或可影響(例如增加或改變)另一藥劑之磁共振信號之任何化學部分。此類型之顯影劑可單獨或與其他顯影劑組合使用。在另一實例中,基於釓之MRI劑可充當顯影劑。可併入所揭
示之顯影劑中之適合MRI藥劑之實例為對胺基苯甲基二伸乙三胺五乙酸(p-NH2-Bz-DTPA,化合物7),一種二伸乙三胺五乙酸(DTPA)之可結合形式,已知其強烈結合釓且經批准用作磁共振對比劑用於臨床中。在諸如如本文所揭示之樹狀基質之大分子上併入MRI劑可在單個分子得到大T1鬆弛度(高對比度)及藥劑之多個複本,由此可增強信號。藉由組合MRI顯影劑及例如螢光顯影劑,所得藥劑可偵測到,顯影且經由MRI即時追蹤。其他顯影劑包括可藉由併入18F或64Cu或68Ga之螯合劑製備之PET劑。此外,添加放射性核種可用以促進SPECT顯影或傳遞輻射劑量,而診斷劑可包含作為結合至PET劑之特定上皮病症之診斷標記之化合物。
在一些實施例中,診斷劑為診斷性顯影劑,包括(但不限於)正電子發射斷層攝影(PET)劑、電腦化斷層攝影(CT)劑、磁共振顯影(MRI)劑、核磁顯影劑(NMI)、螢光分析劑及超音波對比劑。此類診斷劑包括諸如以下元素之放射性同位素:碘(I)(包括123I、125I、131I等)、鋇(Ba)、釓(Gd)、鎝(Tc)(包括99Tc)、磷(P)(包括31P)、鐵(Fe)、錳(Mn)、鉈(Tl)、鉻(Cr)(包括51Cr)、碳(C)(包括14C)或其類似物;螢光標記化合物、或其複合物、螯合物、加合物及結合物。可使用任何適合之PET劑,包括(但不限於)碳-11、氮-13、氧-15、氟-18,11C-美托咪酯及其葡萄糖類似物,包括(但不限於)氟脫氧葡糖(一種用氟-18標記之葡萄糖類似物)。
在其他實施例中,診斷劑為在表現於細胞中時容易偵測之編碼蛋白質之標記基因(包括(但不限於)β-半乳糖苷酶、綠色螢光蛋白質、螢光素酶及其類似物)及經標記核酸探針(例如放射性標記或螢光標記之探針)。在一些實施例中,診斷劑與本文所提供之AdB-2/3多聚體之共價結合根據多種結合方法來實現。在其他實施例中,診斷劑與所提供之AdB-2/3多聚體非共價關聯。在另一態樣中,本發明提供改良物
質向上皮組織傳遞之方法,其包含使上皮組織與以下接觸:(a)一或多種傳遞至上皮組織中之化合物;及(b)足以增強一或多種化合物向上皮組織傳遞之量的本發明之AdB-2/3纖維多聚體。在此態樣中,化合物可為任何適合之化合物,諸如上文詳細描述之彼等化合物。在一較佳實施例中,一或多種化合物包含顯影劑。在另一較佳實施例中,上皮組織包含實體腫瘤,包括本申請案中所揭示之彼等實體腫瘤中之任一者。在各種非限制性實施例中,實體腫瘤係選自由以下組成之群:乳房腫瘤、肺腫瘤、結腸腫瘤、直腸腫瘤、胃腫瘤(stomach tumors)、前列腺腫瘤、卵巢腫瘤、子宮腫瘤、皮膚腫瘤、內分泌腫瘤、子宮頸腫瘤、腎臟腫瘤、黑色素瘤、胰腺腫瘤、肝臟腫瘤、腦腫瘤、頭頸腫瘤、鼻咽腫瘤、胃腫瘤(gastric tumors)、鱗狀細胞癌、腺癌、膀胱腫瘤及食道腫瘤。可用於此等方法之包含一或多種本發明之AdB-2/3纖維多聚體之例示性多聚體包括(但不限於)AdB-2/3病毒粒子、AdB-2/3衣殼、AdB-2/3十二面體粒子(PtDd)(在其複製期間藉由AdB-2/3產生之次病毒十二面體粒子)及重組AdB-2/3纖維多聚體。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供改良物質向表現橋粒黏蛋白2(DSG2)之細胞或組織傳遞之方法,其包含使表現DSG2之細胞或組織與以下接觸:(a)一或多種傳遞至細胞或組織中之化合物;及(b)足以增強一或多種化合物向組織傳遞之量的本發明之AdB-2/3纖維多聚體。表現DSG2之示例性組織類型包括(但不限於)上皮細胞/組織(諸如本文所揭示之彼等組織)、人類血小板及粒細胞。如以下實例中所示,DSG2亦充當非極化細胞中之受體。因此,發現此等方法不僅應用上皮細胞及組織中,並且與例如AdB-2/3發病機制及為達到基因治療目的之AdB-2/3載體之血管內應用相關。可用於此等方法之包含一或多種本發明之AdB-2/3纖維多聚體之例示性多聚體包括(但不限於)AdB-2/3病毒粒子、AdB-2/3衣殼、AdB-2/3十二面體粒子(PtDd)(在其複製期間藉由
AdB-2/3產生之次病毒十二面體粒子)及重組AdB-2/3纖維多聚體。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供誘導組織中之上皮向間葉細胞轉化(EMT)之方法,其包含使上皮組織與足以誘導EMT之量的本發明之AdB-2/3纖維多聚體接觸。EMT為上皮細胞失去諸如細胞間接合點之特徵且獲得間葉細胞細胞之特性的細胞轉分化程式。EMT之其特徵為間葉細胞標記之表現增加、胞外基質化合物之表現增加、上皮標記之表現減少、轉錄因子之位置變化及激酶之活化及細胞間接合點之解離。可用於此等方法之包含一或多種本發明之AdB-2/3纖維多聚體之例示性多聚體包括(但不限於)AdB-2/3病毒粒子、AdB-2/3衣殼、AdB-2/3十二面體粒子(PtDd)(在其複製期間藉由AdB-2/3產生之次病毒十二面體粒子)及重組AdB-2/3纖維多聚體。
在本發明之方法之所有態樣及實施例中,治療劑、診斷劑及/或顯影劑可為與AdB-2/3多聚體一起投與(諸如經由上文所揭示之本發明之組合物)或可分別投與。在一個實施例中,治療劑及AdB-2/3多聚體經由任何適合之共價或非共價結合附著。在一個非限制性實施例中,AdB-2/3多聚體可附著至毒素或其他藥物以殺死實體腫瘤細胞。
AdB-2/3纖維多聚體及/或治療劑可以主治醫師認為適合之任何方式投與,視局部或全身投與模式是否最適合於所治療之病狀而定。如本文所用之術語「全身傳遞」及「全身投與」意欲包括(但不限於)經口及非經腸途徑,包括肌肉內(IM)、皮下、靜脈內(IV)、動脈內、吸入、舌下、經頰、局部、經皮、經鼻、經直腸、經陰道及實際上使傳遞之藥劑擴散至預定治療作用之單個或多個部位的其他投藥途徑。本發明組合物之較佳全身傳遞途徑包括靜脈內、肌肉內、皮下及吸入。在一個較佳實施例中,諸如對於治療散播性腫瘤(及對於單株抗體傳遞),使用靜脈內投藥。在另一實施例中,例如對於治療腸胃(GI)上皮病症,經口傳遞可為較佳的。在另一實施例中,對於傳遞至肺,諸如
對於肺上皮病症,經鼻或氣霧劑傳遞可為較佳的。
AdB-2/3纖維多聚體可與諸如脂質或脂質體之另一分子聯合引入,以保護多肽免於酶促降解。舉例而言,已使用聚合物、尤其聚乙二醇(PEG)之共價連接以保護某些蛋白質免於在體內酶促水解,且由此延長半衰期。
AdB-2/3纖維多聚體及/或治療劑可以確定維持所需治療效果之水準的時間間隔定期全身投與。舉例而言,藉由靜脈內注射投與可為每天一次、每週一次、每兩至四週一次或以較不頻繁之時間間隔。給藥方案將由醫師考慮可影響藥劑組合之作用的各種因素來確定。此等因素將包括所治療之病狀之進展程度、患者之年齡、性別及重量及其他臨床因素。AdB-2/3纖維多聚體及/或治療劑之劑量將根據所投與之多聚體及/或治療劑以及任何藥物傳遞媒劑之存在及性質(例如持續釋放傳遞媒劑)而改變。另外,可調節劑量以顧及投藥頻率及傳遞之藥劑之藥物動力學行為之變化。AdB-2/3纖維多聚體之劑量變化一般在0.01與250mg/kg之間,較佳在0.1與10mg/kg之間且更佳在0.10至0.5mg/kg之間的範圍內。經批准之治療劑之劑量可容易藉由醫學從業者鑑別。治療劑由於向上皮組織(諸如癌症)中之滲透增強,故亦能夠以降低之劑量投與。
可在投與治療劑之前、同時或之後向個體投與AdB-2/3纖維多聚體。在一較佳實施例中,投與治療劑及AdB-2/3纖維多聚體同時進行。可改變相對於AdB-2/3纖維多聚體投與治療劑之時序以達到最大治療效果。較佳地,一次投與治療劑,以確保其與由AdB-2/3纖維多聚體結合至DSG2所引起之短暫打開之細胞間接合點接觸。舉例而言,治療劑可為在每次投與AdB-2/3纖維多聚體之前、同時、之後投與。在其他較佳實施例中,治療劑可在投與AdB-2/3纖維多聚體之後投與,例如在投與AdB-2/3纖維多聚體之後至多5分鐘、10分鐘、15分
鐘、30分鐘、45分鐘、1小時、2小時、3小時、4小時、5小時、6小時、8小時、10小時、12小時、18小時、24小時、30小時、36小時、40小時、42小時、48小時、54小時、60小時、66小時、72小時、78小時、84小時、90小時或甚至至多96小時。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供治療與上皮組織有關之病症之方法,其包含向有需要個體投與足以治療該病症之量的本發明之AdB-2/3纖維多聚體。在此實施例中,不傳遞其他治療劑。在非限制性實施例中,使用單一療法治療選自由以下組成之群的病症:AdB-2/3病毒感染、實體腫瘤或可使用基於AdB-2/3之基因傳遞載體治療之病症。舉例而言,在治療實體腫瘤中,該方法包含改良免疫系統細胞諸如藉由滲透(諸如預先存在之自然殺手細胞、T細胞或樹突狀細胞之瘤內滲透)向病症部位中之進入。該方法亦可用以治療可受益於免疫系統之細胞向靶標上皮細胞中之進入改良之與如上文所述之上皮細胞有關之病症中之任一者。在一個較佳實施例中,該病症為實體腫瘤,且該方法包含改良腫瘤之免疫系統攻擊。該方法可用於如上文所述之實體腫瘤中之任一者。除非上下文另外明確規定,否則本發明之第一態樣之所有實施例及實施例之組合亦可用於此第二態樣。可用於此等方法之包含一或多種本發明之AdB-2/3纖維多聚體之例示性多聚體包括(但不限於)AdB-2/3病毒粒子、AdB-2/3衣殼、AdB-2/3十二面體粒子(PtDd)(在其複製期間藉由AdB-2/3產生之次病毒十二面體粒子)及重組AdB-2/3纖維多聚體。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供鑑別用於以下中之一或多者的候選化合物之方法:治療與上皮組織有關之病症、改良物質向上皮組織之傳遞、改良物質向表現DSG2之組織之傳遞、誘導組織中之EMT及/或治療AdB-2/3感染,該方法包含(a)在促使多聚體結合至DSG2之條件下使本發明之AdB-2/3纖維多聚體與DSG2接觸,其中該接觸在一或多種
測試化合物存在下進行;及(b)與對照相比鑑別與AdB-2/3纖維多聚體競爭以結合至DSG2之陽性測試化合物;其中該陽性測試化合物為用於以下中之一或多者的候選化合物:治療與上皮組織有關之病症、改良物質向上皮組織之傳遞、改良物質向表現DSG2之組織之傳遞、誘導組織中之EMT及/或治療AdB-2/3感染。
與AdB-2/3纖維多聚體競爭以結合至DSG2之陽性測試化合物為經由其與DSG2之相互作用瞬時打開細胞內接合點之候選化合物。可藉由任何適合之方法進行驗證化合物經由其與DSG2之相互作用瞬時打開細胞內接合點之能力的後續分析,包括(但不限於)以下實例中所揭示之研究。在本發明之方法中之任一者中,經如此鑑別用於治療與上皮組織有關之病症、改良物質向上皮組織之傳遞、改良物質向表現DSG2之組織之傳遞或誘導組織中之EMT的化合物可用作AdB-2/3多聚體之替代物。此外,AdB-2/3表示引起呼吸道感染(略為嚴重)及咽結膜發熱之重要人類病原體。因此,可治療AdB-2/3感染之化合物為有用的。如本文所揭示,DSG2為AdB-2/3所用之主要高親和力受體,且由此可減小AdB-2/3與DSG2結合之化合物為治療或限制AdB-2/3感染顯現之候選化合物。
可用於此等方法之包含一或多種本發明之AdB-2/3纖維多聚體之例示性多聚體包括(但不限於)AdB-2/3病毒粒子、AdB-2/3衣殼、AdB-2/3十二面體粒子(PtDd)(在其複製期間藉由AdB-2/3產生之次病毒十二面體粒子)及重組AdB-2/3纖維多聚體。可使用任何適合之對照,包括(但不限於)在不存在測試化合物之情況下結合至DSG2之AdB-2/3多聚體。
在一個實施例中,DSG包含重組DSG2。在另一實施例中,該方法使用DSG2表現於細胞表面上之細胞(以內源方式或以重組方式)。
在一個非限制性實施例中,使用含有固定重組DSG2之感測器之
表面電漿子共振(SPR)研究可與DSG2競爭研究組合用以鑑別AdB-2/3纖維多聚體結合至DSG2之候選化合物。在另一實施例中,鑑別包含轉導研究,其中偵測到測試化合物減小結合之能力作為功能AdB-2/3病毒粒子轉導表現DSG2之上皮細胞之能力降低。在另一實施例中,表現DSG2之細胞萃取物以電泳方式分離且進行西方墨點分析,且使用經標記AdB-2/3纖維多聚體探測在測試化合物存在下之西方墨點。在另一實施例中,可使用點漬墨法分析,諸如Wang等人,J.Virology(2007)81:12785-12792;及Wang等人(2008)82:10567-10579中所述之彼等分析。
當測試化合物包含多肽序列時,此類多肽可以化學方式合成或以重組方式表現。如上文所揭示,重組表現可使用此項技術中之標準方法實現。此類表現載體可包含細菌或病毒表現載體,且此類宿主細胞可為原核或真核的。使用熟知固相、液相技術或肽縮合技術或其任何組合製備之合成多肽可包括天然及非天然胺基酸。用於肽合成之胺基酸在標準去保護、中和、偶合及洗滌方案下可為標準Boc(經Na-胺基保護之Na-第三丁氧基羰基)胺基酸樹脂,或為標準鹼不穩之經Na-胺基保護之9-茀基甲氧基羰基(Fmoc)胺基酸。經Fmoc與Boc Na-胺基保護之胺基酸可獲自Sigma,Cambridge Research Biochemical或熟習此項技術者熟悉之其他化學公司。另外,多肽可用熟習此項技術者熟悉之其他Na-保護基合成。固相肽合成可藉由熟習此項技術者熟悉之技術來實現且諸如藉由使用自動合成器來提供。
當測試化合物包含抗體時,此類抗體可為多株或單株的。抗體可為人類化、全人類或鼠類形式之抗體。此類抗體可藉由熟知方法製備,諸如Harlow及Lane,Antibodies;A Laboratory Manual,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory,Cold Spring Harbor,N.Y.,(1988)中所述之方法。
當測試化合物包含核酸序列時,此類核酸亦可以化學方式合成
或以重組方式表現。重組表現技術為熟習此項技術者所熟知(參見例如Sambrook等人,1989,同上)。核酸可為DNA或RNA,且可為單股或雙股的。類似地,此類核酸可使用此項技術中之標準技術藉由手動或自動反應以化學或酶方式合成。若以化學方式或藉由活體外酶促合成來合成,則核酸可在引入細胞中之前進行純化。舉例而言,核酸可藉由用溶劑或樹脂萃取、沈澱、電泳、層析或其組合自混合物中純化。或者,可使用未純化或純化程度最小之核酸以避免歸因於樣品處理之缺失。
當測試化合物除多肽、抗體或核酸之外包含化合物時,此類化合物可藉由進行有機化學合成之此項技術中之方法之變化中之任一者製備。
人類腺病毒(Ad)血清型Ad3、Ad7、Ad11、Ad14及近來出現之新穎病毒株Ad14(Ad14p1)使用上皮接合點蛋白質橋粒黏蛋白2(DSG2)作為感染之受體。不同於Ad與CAR及CD46之相互作用,Ad結合至DSG2之結構細節仍難以理解。使用無規Ad3及Ad14p1纖維杵突變體之基於大腸桿菌表現庫之方法,鑑別出胺基酸殘基在個別突變時除去或減低Ad杵與DSG2之結合。此等殘基在纖維杵之極遠末端之一個凹槽內形成三個叢集。Ad3纖維杵突變體庫亦用以鑑別與DSG2之親和力增加之變異體。發現與野生型Ad3杵相比與DSG2之親和力提高若干數量級的Ad3杵之EF環內或接近其之許多突變。突變體中之一者之晶體結構分析顯示引入之突變使EF環更具可撓性,由此可有助於與DSG2之相互作用。發現與癌症療法切實相關。近來已報導,含有Ad3纖維杵之重組蛋白質(JO-1)能夠觸發上皮癌細胞之間接合點之打開,由此又大大改良治療劑之瘤內滲透及功效。此處展示,在一系列
癌症模型中,與親本蛋白質相比親和力增強之JO-1型在治療上更有效。
近來鑑別作為一組B類腺病毒之主要受體之DSG2,包括腺病毒血清型3(Ad3),一種廣泛分佈於人類群體中血清型(42)。發現Ad3內之DSG2相互作用域由若干纖維杵形成(41)。Ad3-纖維杵-DSG2相互作用之此特定模式提供高親合力且在功能上與上皮接合點之打開相關(41、42)。後者包括使DSG2形成叢集且活化令人想起上皮至間葉細胞轉化之路徑,包括MAP激酶之磷酸化及接合點蛋白質表現之下調(6、40、42)。打開上皮接合點之能力似乎對於Ad3滲透至且擴散在氣管上皮細胞內十分重要(40至42)。在近來研究中,試圖找到與DSG2高效結合之Ad3衣殼內之最小部分(41)。產生小重組蛋白質,其含有Ad3纖維杵及允許三聚合Ad3纖維杵(JO-1)之自身二聚合之域(41)。JO-1可容易在大腸桿菌中產生且藉由親和性層析來純化。在極化上皮細胞培養物中,JO-1觸發細胞間接合點之打開,而將JO-1靜脈內注射至具有上皮腫瘤之小鼠中使得抗癌藥物較佳地滲透(5、6)。
本發明研究之首要目的為進一步描繪Ad3纖維杵-DSG2相互作用之結構特徵。此目的包括鑑別與結合至DSG2有關之Ad3纖維杵內之胺基酸殘基,及產生與DSG2之結合減低或除去之JO-1突變體。與轉譯相關之此研究之第二目的為JO-1藉由增強其與DSG2之親和力,由此增加其治療劑效果而進一步改良。此目的藉由鑑別與DSG2之結合增加之突變體實現。
兩種目的皆適用Ad3纖維杵突變體之大腸桿菌表現庫來實現。已鑑別與結合至DSG2極其相關之Ad3纖維杵內之三個不同叢集中之殘基。所有殘基均位於受體對面之纖維杵之末端之一個凹槽內。接著藉由測量活體外極化上皮細胞中之經上皮電阻評定此等突變對纖維杵打
開上皮接合點之能力,及增強具有上皮異種移植腫瘤之小鼠中化學治療藥物之功效之能力之影響。如所預期,當將與DSG2之親和力降低之突變引入JO-1中時,所得蛋白質不太能打開上皮接合點。另一方面,JO-1與DSG2之親和力增加的許多突變在打開上皮接合點中展示更強之活性。總體而言,此等研究指示Ad3-纖維杵與DSG2之親和力與對上皮接合點之後續影響之間的相關性。
此研究之第三目的為描繪DSG2與另一靶向DSG2之Ad血清型之纖維杵殘基相互作用;新近出現之病毒株Ad14p1(44),認為其與親本病毒株(Ad14-deWit)相比更具病原性/毒性(10、16、22)。Ad14p1之β片分佈不同於Ad3,其可潛在地產生DSG2結合模式之差異。因此產生Ad14p1纖維杵突變體之大腸桿菌表現庫以鑑別與DSG2相互作用之Ad14p1之殘基。
蛋白質。 重組人類DSG2蛋白質來自Technologies,Inc.(St.Louis,MO)。Ad3纖維杵源自Ad3病毒GB病毒株,獲自ATCC。Ad14p1纖維杵源自Ad14p1病毒Portland2971/2007病毒株,藉由美國疾病控制與預防中心(Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Atlanta,GA)提供(44)。纖維杵在具有N端6-His標記之大腸桿菌中使用pQE30表現載體(Qiagen,Valencia,CA)產生,且如其他地方所述藉由Ni-NTA瓊脂糖層析純化(43)。
細胞株. 使293、海拉及A549細胞維持於補充有10% FBS、100U/ml青黴素、100μg/ml鏈黴素(P/S)、2mM麩醯胺酸(Glu)及1×MEM非必需胺基酸溶液(Invitrogen,Carlsbad,CA)之DMEM中。用漢姆氏F12培養基(Ham's F12 medium)與有10% FBS、Glu及P/S之DMEM之1:1混合物培養結腸癌T84細胞(ATCC CCL-248)。Ovc316細胞為源自卵巢癌生物檢體之Her2/neu陽性上皮腫瘤細胞(32)。用補充有1% FBS、100
I.U.青黴素、100μg/L鏈黴素、10mg/L環丙沙星之含有3μg/L hEGF、5μg/L胰島素、5mg/L羥皮質酮、26mg/L牛垂體萃取物、25mg/L兩性黴素B)(Lonza)之MEGM(Lonza,Mapleton,IL) L 培養Ovc316細胞。用補充有10% FBS、100I.U.青黴素、100μg/L鏈黴素之來博維茨氏L-15(Leibovitz's L-15)培養基培養MDA-MB-231細胞,一種三重陰性乳癌細胞株(ATCC-HTB-26)。TC1-DSG2源自TC1細胞,一種表達HPV16 E6及E7之C57B1/6肺癌細胞株(36)。TC1細胞用表現人類DSG2之VSVG假型慢病毒載體轉導(42)。選擇見於人類腫瘤中之以一定水準表現人類DSG2之純系用於活體內研究。
腺病毒. 如其他地方所述野生型Ad3之傳播、甲基-3H胸苷標記、純化及滴定(37)。Ad3-GFP為含有插入至E3區中之CMV-GFP表現卡匣之基於Ad3之野生型載體(42)。病毒粒子(VP)濃度藉由在260nm(OD260)下測量光學密度以分光光度法來測定。空斑形成單位(pfu)之效價如其他地方所述使用293細胞得到(29)。對於所有病毒製劑,VP與pfu之比率為20:1。
Ad3杵庫. 含有最後兩個桿重複之Ad3杵(胺基酸108-319)之編碼序列藉由PCR使用引子P1:5'ATCACGGATCCGGTGGCGGTTCTGGCGGTGGCTCCGGTGGCGGTTCTAACAAACTTT GCAGTAAACTC3'(SEQ ID NO:35)及P2:5'CTCAGCTAATTAAGCTTAGTCATCTTCTCTAATATAGGA3'(SEQ ID NO:36)由Ad3 DNA獲得,且選殖至表現於大腸桿菌中之pQE30(Qiagen,Valencia,CA)中。所得質體稱為pQE-Ad3杵。基於其他地方公開之方案進行無規突變誘發PCR(7、8)。簡言之,將20fmole pQE-Ad3杵DNA模板、30pmole(每一者)PCR引子(Pmutl:5'-CCAATTCTATTGCACTTAAGAATAACACTTTATGGACAGGT-3'(SEQ ID NO:37)及Pmut2:5'-
GTCCAAGCTCAGCTAATTAAGCTTAGTCATCTTC-3'(SEQ ID NO:38)、2.5μl、3.5μl、5μl或10μl 10×突變誘發緩衝劑(70mM MgCl2、500mM KCl、100mM Tris(pH 8.3,在25℃下)及0.1%(w/v)明膠)、10μl 5mM MnCl2、10μl dNTP混合物(2mM dGTP、2mM dATP、10mM dCTP、10mM dTTP)及5單位Taq聚合酶(Promega,Madison,WI)混合為最終體積為100μl。PCR條件為94℃維持1min、45℃維持1min及72℃維持1min(30個循環)。純化突變型PCR產物(長度為615bp,含有僅纖維杵頂之讀取範圍中之突變),用適當酶消化且選殖至質體pQE-Ad3杵中。對於無規突變誘發庫之品質控制,將接合產物轉化至大腸桿菌M15(Qiagen,Valencia,CA),接種於康黴素及安比西林板上,且隨機選取50個群落進行定序。
Ad14庫: 含有最後兩個桿重複之Ad14p1杵(胺基酸108-323)之編碼序列藉由PCR使用引子P1:5'CATCACGGATCCGGTGGCGGTTCTGGCGGTGGCTCCGGTGGCGGTTCTAATAAACTTTGTACCAAATTGGGAGAAGG3'(SEQ ID NO:39)及P2:5'GCTAATTAAGCTTAGTCGTCTTCTCTGATGTAGTAAAAGG3'(SEQ ID NO:40)由Ad14p1 DNA獲得,且選殖至表現於大腸桿菌中之pQE30(Qiagen,Valencia,CA)中。所得質體稱為pQE-Ad14p1杵。藉由使用PCR引子(Pmut1:5'-AACACCCTGTGGACAGGAGTTAACCC-3'(SEQ ID NO:41)及Pmut2:5'-CTCAGCTAATTAAGCTTAGTCGTC-3'(SEQ ID NO:42))進行無規突變誘發PCR。純化突變型PCR產物(長度為594bp,含有僅纖維杵頂之讀取範圍中之突變),用適當酶消化且選殖至質體pQE-Ad14p1杵中。對於無規突變誘發庫之品質控制,將接合產物轉化至大腸桿菌M15(Qiagen,Valencia,CA),接種於康黴素及安比西林板上,且隨機選取50個群落進行定序。
群落分析. 將Ad3或Ad14p1杵突變型質體庫轉化至XL1藍或M15大
腸桿菌宿主菌株且接種於具有適當抗生素(亦即分別Amp或Amp+Kan)之LB板上。在隔夜生長之後,將0.45μm Durapore過濾膜(Millipore,Billerica,MA)置放於群落之上。剝掉該膜且使群落向上小心置放於兩片用補充有抗生素及1mM IPTG之LB培養基浸泡之3MM紙之上。在30℃下誘發群落之蛋白質表現6小時,之後將具有群落之濾紙置放於硝化纖維濾紙及用天然溶解緩衝液{20mM Tris-Cl(pH 8)、300mM NaCl、50mM MgCl2、0.1mg/ml溶菌酶、0.75mg/ml DNAse I、1/2完全無EDTA蛋白酶抑制劑混合物錠/10ml(Roche,Palo Alto,CA)}浸泡之沃特曼3MM紙之上。在室溫下培育「濾紙夾層結構」10min,接著在-80℃下冷凍10min-在30℃下解凍10min 4次。自夾層結構移除硝化纖維膜且在4℃下用含3% BSA之TBST阻斷隔夜。接著依序用含0.1ng/ml重組DSG2蛋白質(Leinco,St.Louis,MO)之TBST/BSA、小鼠單株抗DSG2抗體((純系6D8;SeroTec Ltd.,Oxford,UK)及抗小鼠IgG辣根過氧化酶結合物培育墨點。選取無DSG2結合之群落且用3ml LB培養基培養隔夜。用1mM IPTG誘導蛋白質表現5小時,接著使細菌成球粒,再懸浮於SDS裝載緩衝劑中且冷凍/解凍3次。在電泳之後,將蛋白質轉移至硝化纖維中且用抗His抗體(MCA 1396,Sertec)培育以分析Ad杵三聚合作用。為篩檢與DSG2之結合更強之突變體,使Ad3杵突變體庫轉化至M15大腸桿菌宿主病毒株。在室溫下誘導群落之蛋白質表現僅20min。選取顯示最密集DSG2結合信號之群落。
西方墨點: 使用具有4-15%梯度聚丙烯醯胺之Mini-PROTEAN預製凝膠(BIO-RAD,Hercules,CA)。每一泳道裝載總計1μg蛋白質與2×裝載緩衝劑(10mM Tris-HCl(pH 6.8)、200mM DTT、4% SDS、20%甘油、0.2%溴酚藍)之混合物。使樣品沸騰(B)5min或未沸騰即裝載(UB)。使用以下操作緩衝液:25mM Tris(pH 8.3)、0.192M甘胺酸、0.1%SDS。在電泳之後,如先前所描述,蛋白質轉移至硝化纖維中且
用重組人類DSG2蛋白質及抗DSG2抗體培育(42)。掃描西方墨點且使用ImageJ 1.32軟體(美國國家衛生研究院(National Institutes of Health),Bethesda,MD)定量。將JO-1帶強度設為100%。對於激酶活性之分析,在冰上用20mM Hepes(pH 7.5)、2mM EGTA、10%甘油、1% TritonX100、1mM PMSF、200μM Na3VO4及蛋白酶抑制劑)溶解極化T84培養物。在音波處理之後,使樣品成球粒且使含有蛋白質之上清液儲存於-80℃下。將15μg總蛋白質用於關於對抗二氧磷基-p44/42 MAPK(Erk1/2)(Thr202/Tyr204)之mAb(Cell Signaling Danvers,MA)或對抗小鼠抗Erk1/2之mAb(Cell Signaling)之西方墨點法。
競爭分析. 藉由用維爾烯(Versene)培育且用PBS洗滌自培養皿分離海拉細胞。使總計每管105個細胞再懸浮於50μl冰冷含有不同濃度之Ad3纖維杵蛋白質之黏著緩衝劑(補充有2mM MgCl2、1% FBS及20mM HEPES之DMEM)中,且在冰上培育1小時。接著,以每一細胞8,000個病毒粒子(vp)之感染倍率(MOI)將3H-標記之野生型Ad3病毒添加於黏著緩衝劑中達到最終體積為100μl。在冰上培育1h之後,使細胞成球粒且用0.5ml冰冷PBS洗滌兩次。在最後洗滌之後,移除上清液且藉由閃爍計數器測定與細胞相關之放射性。使用病毒粒子比放射性及細胞之數目計算每一細胞結合於中VP之數目。
表面電漿子共振: 經BIAcore 3000儀器進行擷取。在所有實驗中使用流動速率為5μl/min之補充有2mM CaCb之HBS-N(GE-Healthcare,Pittsburgh,PA)作為操作緩衝劑。使用用10mM乙酸鹽緩衝劑(pH 4.5)稀釋經乙基(二甲胺基丙基)碳化二亞胺(EDC)/N-羥基丁二醯亞胺(NHS)活化之流槽注射10分鐘之DSG2(10μg/ml)實施固定於CM4傳感器芯片(BIAcore)上。對照流槽藉由(EDC/NHS)活化且藉由乙醇胺去活化。注射不同濃度之Ad3纖維杵蛋白質維持3分鐘締合,隨後2.5分鐘解離時間,且自乙醇胺去活化之EDC-NHS流槽之本底自動減去信
號。使用BIAeval軟體計算動力學及親和力常數。
結晶學: wtAd3及K217E/F224S杵突變體之結晶條件為使用豪普特曼伍德沃德醫學研究所(Hauptman Woodward Medical Research Institute)之高通量篩檢實驗室(High Throughput Screening Lab)之服務。對於繞射研究,使用懸滴法使wtAd3及K217E/F224S杵突變體結晶。使用1.65M MgSO4(7H2O)於TAPS緩衝劑(0.1M pH 9.0)中之儲集層溶液及15mg/ml之蛋白質溶液使結晶生長。使用由85%儲集層及15%甘油(v/v)構成之冷凍保護劑使結晶冷凍。經ID 14-4之ESRF使用EDNA管道在100K下進行資料收集(19)。使用XDS/XSCALE索引且按比例調整資料(20、21),且藉由用程式PHASER之分子置換(PDB 1H7Z)對結構進行解析(25)。建構模型且分別使用COOT(14)及PHENIX(2)細化(表1)。條目「腺病毒3杵域K217E及F224S突變體之結構」已指定RCSB ID編碼rcsb080687及PDB ID編碼4LIY。
最高解析度殼層之統計示於圓括號中。
3D結構: 使用Pymol軟體分析結構。在紫色等效面上使用不同色彩染色Ad3杵域(pdb 1H7Z)中之突變。Ad3杵突變體K217E/F224S之單體以有色草圖繪製,其中突變呈棒之形式,且覆疊於野生型Ad3纖維杵之灰色草圖上。
陰性染料電子顯微術: 藉由陰性染料EM觀測重組JO-2蛋白質以分析其組合狀態。標準雲母-碳製劑與0.1mg/ml蛋白質一起使用。使用1%(wt/vol)矽鎢酸鈉(pH 7.0)染色樣品且經JEOL-1200電子顯微鏡在100kV下觀測。
滲透性分析. 將總計5×105個T84細胞接種於12mm傳斯維爾插入物(PET膜,具有0.4μm微孔尺寸(Corning,NY)中,且培養14天以上直至經上皮電阻(TEER)穩定。培養基每2-3天會有所變化。在室溫下使細胞暴露於含DSG2配體(20μg/m)之黏著培養基(DMEM、1% FBS、2mM MgCl2、20mM HEPES)中15min且量測TEER且如其他地方所述進行計算(39)。
動物研究: 涉及動物之所有實驗均根據華盛頓大學(the University of Washington)所闡述之機構準則進行。將小鼠收容於無特異性病原體之機構中。自Jackson Laboratory獲得免疫缺陷(CB17)小鼠[菌株名稱:NOD.CB17-Prkdcscld/J]。人類DSG2轉殖基因小鼠含有
90kb人類DSG2基因座且以與人類類似之程度及模式表現hDSG2(40)。
A549、MDA-MB-231及ovc316異種移植腫瘤藉由將對應腫瘤細胞(與基質膠為1:1)注射至CB17小鼠之乳房脂肪墊中建立。TC1-DSG2腫瘤藉由將TC1-DSG2細胞皮下注射至DSG2轉殖基因小鼠中而建立。在施用以下化學治療藥物之前一小時靜脈內注射JO-0、JO-1、JO-2或JO-4:伊立替康/CamptosarTM(Pfizer Inc.,Groton,CT)、聚乙二醇化脂質體小紅莓/LipodoxTM(Sun Pharmaceuticals IN,India)、西妥昔單抗/ErbituxTM(ImClone,Somerville,NJ)、奈米粒子白蛋白結合之太平洋紫杉醇/AbraxaneTM((Abraxis Biosciences,Summit,NJ)。一週量測腫瘤體積三次。各治療群組由最少5隻小鼠組成。將動物處死且在群組中之一者中之腫瘤達到體積為800mm3或腫瘤展示潰爛時終止實驗。
抗JO4抗體:藉由ELISA量測人類血清樣品中之抗JO-4抗體濃度。培養板將依序塗覆有兔多株抗Ad3纖維抗體(42)、重組JO-4、人類血清樣品(1:2至1:1000稀釋液)及抗人類IgG-HRP。來自卵巢癌患者之血清樣品藉由太平洋卵巢癌研究聯盟(Pacific Ovarian Cancer Research Consortium)提供。
3D結構:使用Pymol軟體觀察Ad3纖維杵之3D結構(MMDB ID:16945,PDB ID:1H7Z(13))
統計分析:所有結果表示為平均值+/-SD。對於多重測試應用2因子ANOVA。動物數量及P價示於圖例中。
對於DSG2結合關鍵之殘基. 研究首先集中於Ad3。與DSG2之高親和力結合及後續上皮接合點打開在病毒粒子、PtDd或二聚(三聚合)Ad3纖維杵(例如JO-1)中存在之空間群集中需要若干三聚合纖維杵(41)。具有兩個桿基元但無二聚合域(「Ad3杵單體」)之重組(三聚合)纖維杵與DSG2以數量級小於JO-1之親和力結合,不能夠阻斷Ad3感染
且不觸發接合點打開(37、41、42)。然而,「Ad3杵單體」之親和力足夠高以在可溶性DSG2用作探針之西方墨點中偵測結合。因此使用His標記之「Ad3杵單體」突變體之大腸桿菌表現庫以鑑別對於DSG2結合關鍵之Ad3纖維杵內之胺基酸殘基。為產生此庫,在每一杵平均產生一至兩個胺基酸取代方案中採用突變誘發PCR(7、8)。將XL-1藍大腸桿菌中之Ad3纖維杵庫接種於瓊脂板上,藉由IPTG誘導杵表現且使用重組DSG2及抗DSG2抗體針對DSG2結合篩檢群落。約10,000個群落之不結合至DSG2之變異體之第一輪篩檢揭示240個候選群落。當藉由西方墨點法分析6xHis標記時,240個群落中之40個顯示表現三聚合纖維杵,表明不存在重大構形變化。其餘變異體具有截短之纖維杵或不形成三聚體。測序對應之40個質體。絕大部分群落具有纖維杵內之單一胺基酸取代。若遇到每一杵有多個胺基酸取代,合成個別含有對應突變之新穎Ad3杵基因組。其他輪群落篩檢不揭示其他區域,表明已發現所有與DSG2相互作用之殘基。接著將總計8個獨立突變體用於後續研究(圖1A)。對於所有後續研究,產生自二聚合形式之Ad3纖維突變體(圖1B)且藉由親和性層析法使用NTA-Ni管柱使其純化。藉由西方墨點法分析純化於中二聚杵突變體之DSG2結合(圖1C至1F)。當與JO-1(亦即含有wtAd3纖維杵之二聚形式)相比時所有突變體之結合均嚴重降低。突變體D261N及F265L DSG2結合幾乎完全除去,而另一突變體具有不同程度之殘餘DSG2結合(3.6重量%至20重量%之Ad3杵)(表2,「西方墨點法」)。對於Ad3杵結合至DSG2關鍵之所鑑別之殘基在CD環/D-β片(N186D、V189G、S190P)、FG-環/G-β片(D261N、F265L)及H-β片/Hi-環(L292A、L296R、E299V)之Ad3纖維杵之三個不同區域中(圖1A)。在Ad3纖維杵(PDB寄存編號1H7Z_A)之3D模型中,所有所鑑別之殘基均位於纖維杵之頂側且跟隨杵中之一個特定凹槽(圖2)。值得注意的是,除F265L外,所有其他取代均會致使對應殘基
中之電荷發生變化。聚丙烯醯胺凝膠(例如對於D261N)中之遷移模式之差異指示取代已致使構形變化。目前嘗試使此等突變體結晶以分析其3D結構。
為產生Ad3纖維杵及DSG2結合之除去增至最大的最終Ad3病毒,在三個鑑別區域,特定言之在N186D與D261N之組合、D261N與L296R之組合及所有三個N186D、D261N及L296R之組合中引入多個突變。如所預期,所有三個關鍵區域中之突變之組合賦予最高程度之除去(表2,「西方墨點法」,圖1F)。
因為其作為近來出現之病原體的關聯性,亦產生(「單體)」Ad14p1纖維杵突變體之庫。對不結合至DSG2之變異體之首次篩檢揭示約300個候選群落。當藉由西方墨點法分析6xHis標記時,300個群落中之45個顯示表現三聚合纖維杵。此等變異體之定序揭示15種與
DSG2之結合降低之獨立突變體。有趣的是,不管不同β片如何分佈,對於Ad14p1杵結合關鍵之胺基酸殘基均在相同之經鑑別用於Ad3纖維杵之三個區域中。因為此等相似性,僅在所選Ad3纖維杵突變體下進行進一步研究。
功能驗證. 在表現DSG2之海拉細胞上進行競爭研究(42)。首先研究在用二聚合Ad3纖維杵預培育細胞之後3H標記之Ad3病毒之附著(圖3A)。Ad3病毒結合之降低可與用JO-1(亦即含有野生型Ad3纖維杵之二聚合蛋白質)預培育相當。藉由JO-1抑制結合視為100%。突變體L296R、D261N及F265L阻斷Ad3病毒結合最少(5.1%、5.3%及17.6%),隨後為突變體S190P、N186D及E299V(分別為結合降低30.9%、32.7%及50.7%)(表2,「附著」)。使用類似分析設備量測二聚合Ad3杵突變體阻斷海拉細胞之藉由Ad3-GFP載體之轉導的能力。基於GFP表現對轉導進行量測(圖3B)。與在附著研究中所觀測類似,藉由用突變體D261N及F265L預培育Ad3-GFP感染降低最少,隨後為突變體N186D、S190P、L296R及V189G。當一起考量DSG2結合(西方墨點法)、附著及感染競爭資料,推斷含有殘基261至265之區域為DSG2結合中之最關鍵區域。殘基186至190附近之區亦有助於結合,而含有殘基299之區似乎僅或多或少地與結合有關。亦分析具有組合突變之二聚合Ad3杵突變體與Ad3病毒競爭以附著(圖3C)及感染(圖3D)之能力。所有三個區域(N185、D261、L296)具有突變之突變體甚至在指示幾乎除去DSG2結合之200μg/ml之濃度下仍不會阻斷Ad3結合或感染。值得注意的是,當使用sCD46作為野生型Ad3纖維之西方墨點法中之探針時,未觀測到特異性結合(圖4)。由此指示Ad3僅低效地結合至CD46。
降低之DSG2結合與打開上皮接合點之能力的相關性。 二聚合Ad3杵突變體之接合點打開功能之簡單明了的分析係基於測量傳斯維
爾細胞培養物中之經上皮電阻(TEER)。當形成較多細胞間接合點時,對上皮癌細胞進行培養直至TEER恆定。向傳斯維爾培養物之頂側中添加JO-1 1小時致使TEER快速降低,從而表明接合點打開(圖5A)。用突變體D261N培育對於TEER無影響。N186D及E299V具有與對應纖維杵與DSG2之殘餘結合相關之中等影響。在先前研究中,亦已確定JO-1觸發異種移植腫瘤之上皮接合點之變化且使具有高分子量之化學治療劑(例如伊立替康)之抗腫瘤功效增加。(伊立替康之分子量為586.7 Da且用以治療結腸癌及肺癌)。使用此影戲分析活體內二聚合Ad3杵突變體之功能(圖5B)。與活體外所觀測類似,JO-1會使伊立替康療法增強,而DSG2結合降低之突變體對伊立替康功效並無顯著影響。
親和力增強之二聚合Ad3纖維杵. 如上文所概述,JO-1與癌症療法相關。因此重要的是,較佳地理解其與DSG2之相互作用之結構細節且產生與DSG2之親和力增加之JO-1突變體。使用親和力增強之生物製品:i)降低其有效劑量,ii)增加其半衰期,iii)潛在地增強其治療效果,及iv)避開患者對抗生物製品產生之抗體之不良作用(例如中和或變為藥物動力學)。為使JO-1類似物之親和力增加,篩檢在JO-1內具有無規突變之大腸桿菌表現庫中與DSG2之結合增加之變異體。自10,000個接種之群落中,選取20個DSG2信號最密集之群落且對質體DNA進行測序。鑑別7種具有一或兩個胺基酸取代之不同突變體:Y250F、K217E+F224S、N293S、V239D、F224L、E248G+K258E及L277R+N293D。Ad3纖維杵之一級及3D結構中之殘基位置示於圖6中。值得注意的是,大多數突變位於EF環內,表明此環與使Ad3與DSG2之間相互作用穩定有關。在杵表面V239及Y250並未暴露,表明杵中之結構變化,而非與直接結合至DSG2有關(圖6B,右圖)。接著使重組突變型二聚合Ad3杵蛋白質純化。為量測突變體與DSG2之親
和力,進行表面電漿子共振研究。關於含有二聚合域之杵的研究結果為複合物,此最可能係由於此等突變體形成多聚合複合物。因此進行關於缺乏二聚合域(「無DD」)之杵蛋白質之研究。締合速率常數(ka或kon)及解離速率常數(kd或koff)以及wt Ad3杵及所有杵突變體之KD示於圖7中。與先前研究(41)一致,吾等發現無二聚合域之wt Ad3杵僅以相對低親和力(KD=10μM)結合至DSG2。除突變體L227R/無DD+N293D/無DD之外,群落墨點篩檢中所鑑別之所有突變體均對DSG2具有較高親和力。值得注意的是,突變體Y250F/無DD或V239D/無DD之親和力為wt Ad3杵/無DD之885或405倍。不同突變體之高親和力主要歸因於與DSG2之較快締合,而非解離速率之變化。此趨勢之唯一例外為突變體N293S/無DD,與其他突變體相比時其締合速率最低。然而,此情況藉由較慢之解離速率而部分補償。一起考量時,此等結果指示wt Ad3杵(無DD)結合至DSG2主要受可藉由一組突變改良之緩慢締合速率限制。此等突變似乎不會改變此相互作用之穩定性,但會改變締合對解離之平衡,致使配體與受體之親和力較高。
為較佳理解使與DSG2之結合增強之結構要素,吾等對突變體K217E/F224S進行更詳細之分析。關於乙酸鈾醯染色之含有二聚合域之K217E/F224S纖維杵之穿透電子顯微術顯示具有6個杵之粒子代表二聚合三聚體纖維(圖8A粗箭頭及圖8B)。有趣的是,在此等條件下,纖維杵亦形成類似於坍塌PtDd之規則形狀之替代品(具有約30nm直徑)(圖8A細箭頭及圖8C)。吾等接著進行x射線結晶學研究以解析原子層面之K217E/F224S突變體之結構(圖8D至圖8H)。如所預期,K217E/F224S突變體形成纖維杵之單三聚體(圖8E)。突變體之3D結構覆疊有野生型Ad3纖維杵之3D結構(圖8F至圖8H)。由此揭示K217E/F224S突變體中之EF環完全無序。此環位於杵域之底部與纖維桿之接合點處。因此,K217E/F224S突變可藉由增加此環區之可撓性
使得更容易結合。
親和力增加與打開上皮接合點之能力更強之相關性. 對於以下研究,吾等使用含有二聚合域之Ad3纖維杵形式。為分析所選高親和力突變體,吾等使用海拉細胞上之Ad3-GFP與親和力增強之Ad3纖維突變體之二聚合形式進行競爭感染研究(圖9A)。基於GFP表現,除突變體L277R+N293D外之所有二聚突變體對Ad3-GFP感染抑制明顯超過JO-1。值得注意的是,對DSG2之親和力增加之Ad3纖維杵之非二聚形式不能充當轉導研究中之競爭者(圖9B)。對DSG2之親和力較高致使傳斯維爾培養物中打開上皮接合點之能力增加(圖9C)。與JO-1相比,用突變體V250F、V239D及K217E+F224S培育之培養物中之TEER顯著較高。
在活體內分析中分析JO-1之兩種親和力增強之形式,亦即Y293D及V250F。吾等將此等突變體分別稱為JO-2及JO-4。與圖5B所述之描述研究類似,在源自A549細胞之異種移植模型中進行第一次研究。圖10A展示親和力增強之突變體JO-2及JO-4對伊立替康療法之增強明顯超過JO-1(p<0.05,自第27天起始)。此外,JO-4(Kd=11.4nM)與JO-2(Kd=24.9nM)相比顯著較高效,表明對DSG2之親和力與治療效果之間的相關性。在源自ovc316細胞之異種移植腫瘤中進行其他研究(30、32)。Ovc316細胞為源自卵巢癌生物檢體之Her2/neu陽性上皮腫瘤細胞。此等細胞可在活體外及活體內在特定條件下經歷EMT及逆向過程(亦即間葉至上皮轉化(MET))。癌症幹細胞(亦即具有多能潛力及腫瘤形成能力之自更新細胞)富含對Nanog、CD 133及E-鈣黏素為陽性的ovc316細胞之細分部分(30)。因此,Ovc316細胞準確地模擬原位腫瘤中所見之非均質性及可塑性。在注射聚乙二醇化脂質體小紅莓(PLD)(一種廣泛用於卵巢癌之化學療法之藥物)之前一小時靜脈內注射劑量為2mg/kg之JO-1顯著增加治療功效(圖10B)。重要的是,劑量
為0.5mg/kg之JO-4甚至更大程度地刺激對PLD療法之功效。最後,吾等在三重陰性乳癌(TNBC)之模型中測試JO-4。TNBC之特徵為雌激素受體(ER)、孕酮受體(PR)之表現缺乏或最小及不存在Her2/neu過度表現。TNBC佔所有乳房癌之15%。相比於具有其他表現型之患者中,總存活期不佳。TNBC之典型特徵為DSG2及上皮接合點之含量高。TNBS治療之有前景之臨床結果已由單獨或與靶向EGFR之mAb西妥昔單抗/ErbituxTM組合之奈米粒子,亦即結合白蛋白之太平洋紫杉醇(白蛋白結合型太平洋紫杉醇/AbraxaneTM)實現(38)。研究顯示在具有原位TNBC腫瘤之小鼠模型中JO-4使白蛋白結合型太平洋紫杉醇/西妥昔單抗療法顯著增加(圖10C)。由於其治療關聯性,故在適當小鼠腫瘤模型中進一步研究JO-4。因為Ad3病毒及Ad3纖維杵衍生物並不結合至小鼠細胞及組織,所以使用以與人類類似之模式及程度表現人類DSG2之人類轉殖基因小鼠(40)。對此等小鼠皮下植入同基因型TC1-hDSG腫瘤。當腫瘤達到體積為約600mm3時,靜脈內注射JO-1或JO-4以進行安全性及功效研究。在注射之後一小時內JO-1與JO-4血清濃度下降一個以上數量級,由此對於JO-4下降明顯較大(對於注射後1hr,p<0.01)(圖11A)。在注射後一小時之後JO-1及JO-4濃度達到約100ng/ml之平線區。在靜脈內JO-1及JO-4注射之後亦分析血液參數。血液化學未展示異常變化。血液細胞計數正常,淋巴細胞及血小板數量除外,在注射之後不久就減少(圖11B)。在接種後24小時下淋巴細胞及血小板計數達到最低點,對於JO-4數量明顯降低(p<0.01)。有趣的是,與經JO-1處理之動物相比,在注射JO-4之小鼠中,淋巴細胞及血小板計數較快返回至正常含量。
JO-1及JO-4為病毒源蛋白質且具免疫原性。在免疫活性小鼠中,在注射之後兩週可藉由ELISA偵測對抗此等蛋白質之血清IgG抗體(5)。治療性蛋白質之親和力增強之理論前提中之一者為其避免中和
血清抗體。為測試此情況,在具有TC1-hDSG2腫瘤之免疫活性hDSG2小鼠腫瘤模型中重複注射JO-1及JO-4(圖11C)。在兩個JO-1及PLD之處理循環之後,停止處理且使腫瘤再生長。分別在第28天及第35天開始第3及第4個處理循環。在第3個循環時,藉由ELISA偵測血清抗JO-1抗體。重要的是,在第3與第4個治療循環中,JO-1及JO-4增強PLD療法之效果,由此對於JO-4增強效果顯著較強。總體而言,親和力增強之二聚合Ad3纖維突變體之功能研究表明DSG2親和力與上皮接合點打開/治療效果之間相關性。
與AdS杵結合至DSG2有關之殘基. 不同於Ad與CAR及CD46之相互作用(4、28),Ad與DSG2相互作用之結構細節仍難以理解。儘管已對Ad3纖維杵之晶體結構進行解析,單對於DSG2,僅四個細胞外域(ECD)之最末端之3D結構可獲得(MMDB ID:59843)。然而,對於對抗不同DSG2域之單株抗體之先前競爭研究指示ECD 3及4與結合至Ad3有關(42)。在此研究中,使用基於突變誘發之分析以鑑別對於結合至DSG2關鍵之Ad3纖維杵內之胺基酸殘基。DSG2之突變誘發分析是不可能的,因為當在大腸桿菌中表現時,蛋白質不結合至Ad3,從而表明所需轉譯後處理以在DSG2內產生活性Ad3結合位點(資料未圖示)。對於Ad3杵結合至DSG2關鍵之所鑑別之殘基位於Ad3纖維杵之三個不同區域中且形成位於面對受體之纖維杵末端之凹槽中之潛在結合袋。值得注意的是,其他Ad血清型與CAR或CD46之結合主要涉及對應纖維杵之側面或基底側之區域(27、43)。資料指示Ad3使用不同結合策略。目前進行關於二聚合Ad3纖維杵及DSG2之結晶學研究。考慮到多聚合Ad3纖維杵可叢集若干DSG2分子(41),預期此複合物之3D結構為複雜的。仍研究對於Ad3纖維杵結合至DSG2關鍵之殘基是否亦與其他B類Ad與DSG2之結合有關。值得注意的是,儘管D261、
F265及E299保留於所有四中與DSG2相互作用之Ad中(Ad3、7、11、14),但此等血清型之間的其他關鍵殘基(N186、VI89、L296)不同(圖12)。
由於新穎病毒株(Ad14p1)之最近外觀,Ad14成為重要之研究目標。美國先前並無記錄,在2006年3月及4月在若干美國軍事訓練中心在日常監督期間首先報導Ad14p1(26)。在下一年之3月至6月期間,在俄勒岡(Oregon)、華盛頓(Washington)及德克薩斯(Texas)在患者中報導總計140個確診HAdV-B14p1呼吸疾病之其他病例(3)。此等患者之38%住院,包括17%進入特護病房;5%患者死亡。隨後在其他5個基地中及在華盛頓(1)、俄勒岡(23)、阿拉斯加(Alaska)(15)、威斯康星(Wisconsin)及賓夕法尼亞(Pennsylvania)(10、22)中以及在加拿大(16)、中國(33)及南朝鮮(South Korea)(34)中之平民群體中偵測到HAdV-B14p1發作。此時,Ad14p1之高致病性及/或毒性之分子基礎不清楚。試圖描繪Ad14p1結合至DSG2之結構組分。Ad14p1之β片分佈不同於Ad3(圖1A)。因此,類似與CD46相互作用之血清型(11、12),與DSG2相互作用之Ad可改變其與DSG2之結合策略,由此可產生不同DSG2結合區域。然而,Ad14p1纖維杵突變體庫之篩檢並不支持此假設。對於Ad3及Ad14p1纖維杵,與DSG2結合有關之區域基本上相同。然而,研究結果與Ad14p1病毒血症之治療,尤其與可觸發存在於血液循環或氣管中病毒之助噬的Ad14p1抑制劑或高親和力誘餌之產生相關。
已報導除DSG2之外,Ad3可使用CD46作為受體以感染細胞(若DSG2不存在)(35)。先前,發現在極化正常上皮細胞中,DSG2捕獲於緊密接合點中且不可自頂側進入,而CD46存在於膜兩側上(42)。因此推測,CD46可充當Ad3之相對低效進入受體,而重生產生之Ad3及Ad3五鄰體-十二面體與DSG2相互作用,打開上皮接合點且使得Ad3
高效側面擴散或滲透至更深組織層中且進行血液循環。個別地除去分別對於DSG2及CD46結合關鍵之Ad3杵殘基之能力可證明此假設。
親和力增強之纖維杵. 大多數使與DSG2之親和力增加之突變位於EF環內,表明此環與使Ad3與DSG2之間的相互作用穩定有關。有趣的是,不同於Ad7、11及14,Ad3纖維杵在此區域中具有兩個其他殘基(VL),之後為脯胺酸。因此,此環可進一步延伸且脯胺酸可以一定方式使其定向可使得與受體相互作用較佳。此等突變體中之一者之原子水準之3D結構分析支持此結論。此等研究指示引入之突變使環較具可撓性,其可有助於與DSG2之相互作用。
與wt Ad3杵相比具有較高親和力之Ad3杵之鑑別影響Ad3介導之基因療法。近來,基於Ad3之基因轉移載體已在臨床試驗中展示癌症治療之前景(18)。理論上,可使用較低劑量之親和力增強之Ad3載體且排擠中和抗體。近來,試圖將高親和力配體併入麻疹病毒(17)及基於Ad5之載體(3、9、45)中,以增加活體內靶標細胞感染之功效及特異性。基於此研究中之研究結果,目前可對Ad3載體實行類似策略。除改良Ad3載體之外,親和力增強型式之JO-1具有轉譯關聯性。大多數實體腫瘤為上皮來源的,且儘管惡性細胞已去分化,但其在原發腫瘤中以及在轉移性病變中維持細胞間接合點,一種上皮細胞之關鍵特徵(5、31)。此等細胞間接合點表示宿主免疫系統對抗攻擊之保護機制,且形成阻止包括單株抗體及化學治療藥物之癌症治療劑之瘤內滲透及擴散之物理障壁(5、31)。當靜脈內注射至具有異種移植或同基因型DSG2轉殖基因腫瘤之小鼠中時,JO-1顯著增強多種化學治療藥物以及單株抗體之治療效應(5、6)。在此研究中,已展示在四種腫瘤模型(A549、ovc316、MDA-MB231及TC1-DSG2)中,新穎親和力增強型式之JO-1(例如JO-4)對癌症治療劑之功效增加超過JO-1(伊立替康、白蛋白結合型太平洋紫杉醇、聚乙二醇化脂質體小紅莓、西妥昔單
抗)。具有同基因型腫瘤於中DSG2轉殖基因小鼠中之研究顯示血清JO-4含量快速降低,此最可能歸因於與組織上之DSG2結合。先前研究顯示,除腫瘤之外,hDSG2轉殖基因小鼠之淋巴細胞及血小板表現hDSG2(類似人類及猴)(40、42)。沿此思路,發現JO-4注射致使淋巴細胞及血小板計數短暫減少。
儘管事實為大致1/3之人類具有對抗Ad3之中和抗體(42),但在近來關於來自卵巢癌患者之血清之研究中,發現對抗JO-4之可偵測(結合)抗體僅為患者之10%(N=38)(圖13)。然而,可以肯定對靜脈內投與JO-4之適應性免疫反應將顯現於人類中,在重複注射之後尤其如此。關於此點,然而,值得注意的是,在注射至免疫活性小鼠之後產生之抗JO-4抗體似乎不會極其抑制JO-4功能功能。圖11C中所示之資料表明JO-1及JO-4在多個治療循環之後,甚至在可偵測抗體存在下持續有效。因為,對於JO-4在重複注射後之治療效果明顯較大,推測JO-4不僅在接合點打開,且在破壞接合點打開劑與血清抗體之間的複合中更為有效。
總體而言,研究揭示結合至DSG2之Ad3及AdHp1纖維杵之重要結構細節。此外,展示Ad3-纖維杵與DSG2之親和力與對上皮接合點之後續影響之間的相關性。最終,親和力增強之重組二聚合Ad3纖維杵之產生會影響癌症治療。
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<110> 美國華盛頓大學商業中心 安卓 萊柏 汪宏杰
<120> 橋粒黏蛋白2(DSG2)之結合蛋白及其用途
<130> 13-1205-2-TW
<150> 61/954822
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<150> PCT/US2013/61431
<151> 2013-09-24
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<222> (14)..(14)
<223> X為Q或I
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (15)..(15)
<223> X為M或I
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (16)..(16)
<223> X為M或E
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (17)..(17)
<223> X為Y、A、N或D
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (18)..(18)
<223> X為S或G
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (19)..(19)
<223> X為S或K
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (20)..(20)
<223> X為E或Q
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (21)..(21)
<223> X為S或N
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (22)..(22)
<223> X為P或N
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (24)..(24)
<223> X為C或S
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (27)..(27)
<223> X為T或I
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (29)..(29)
<223> X為I或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (33)..(33)
<223> X為N或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (35)..(35)
<223> X為A或G
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (36)..(36)
<223> X為L或I
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (38)..(38)
<223> X為T或N
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (39)..(39)
<223> X為A或G
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (40)..(40)
<223> X為F或Y
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (42)..(42)
<223> X為Y或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (43)..(43)
<223> X為V或L
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (44)..(44)
<223> X為I或M
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (46)..(46)
<223> X為V或A
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (48)..(48)
<223> X為N或D
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (49)..(49)
<223> X為N、Y或D
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (50)..(50)
<223> X為F或V
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (52)..(52)
<223> X為M或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (54)..(54)
<223> X為F或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (55)..(55)
<223> X為K或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (56)..(56)
<223> X為Y、H或N
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (57)..(57)
<223> X為R或K
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (59)..(59)
<223> X為I或V
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (60)..(60)
<223> X為N或S
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (61)..(61)
<223> X為F或I
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (62)..(62)
<223> X為T或N
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (63)..(63)
<223> X為A或V
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (66)..(66)
<223> X為F或Y
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (69)..(69)
<223> X為S或A
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (70)..(70)
<223> X為T或A
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (72)..(72)
<223> X為N或H
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (73)..(73)
<223> X為L或I
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (75)..(75)
<223> X為T或P
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (76)..(76)
<223> X為S、R或D
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (77)..(77)
<223> X為S或L
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (83)..(83)
<223> X為P或D
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (85)..(85)
<223> X為N或E
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (86)..(86)
<223> X為H、L或P
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (87)..(87)
<223> X為K或E
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (88)..(88)
<223> X為S或Y
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (89)..(89)
<223> X為G或K
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (91)..(91)
<223> X為N或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (92)..(92)
<223> X為M或不存在
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (93)..(93)
<223> X為A或不存在
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (94)..(94)
<223> X為T或不存在
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (95)..(95)
<223> X為G或不存在
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (97)..(97)
<223> X為I、L或D
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (98)..(98)
<223> X為T、F、S或L
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (99)..(99)
<223> X為N或S
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (101)..(101)
<223> X為K或R
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (102)..(102)
<223> X為S或G
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (113)..(113)
<223> X為V、D或不存在
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (114)..(114)
<223> X為L或不存在
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (115)..(115)
<223> X為N或P
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (116)..(116)
<223> X為N、D或V
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (117)..(117)
<223> X為N或A
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (118)..(118)
<223> X為S或G
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (119)..(119)
<223> X為R或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (120)..(120)
<223> X為E或H
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (121)..(121)
<223> X為N、K或不存在
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (122)..(122)
<223> X為E、G或不存在
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (124)..(124)
<223> X為Y或F
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (126)..(126)
<223> X為Y或F
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (128)..(128)
<223> X為T或Q
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (130)..(130)
<223> X為H或Y
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (132)..(132)
<223> X為T、K或E
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (136)..(136)
<223> X為H、G或R
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (137)..(137)
<223> X為T或A
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (138)..(138)
<223> X為L或A
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (141)..(141)
<223> X為L或I
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (142)..(142)
<223> X為D或E
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (143)..(143)
<223> X為I或V
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (144)..(144)
<223> X為S或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (149)..(149)
<223> X為Q、R或K
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (151)..(151)
<223> X為A或L
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (152)..(152)
<223> X為I、P或L
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (153)..(153)
<223> X為R、N或D
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (154)..(154)
<223> X為A、N、S或D
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (155)..(155)
<223> X為E、R或D
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (159)..(159)
<223> X為C或V
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (160)..(160)
<223> X為I或M
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (161)..(161)
<223> X為R或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (162)..(162)
<223> X為I、V或F
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (163)..(163)
<223> X為T或L
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (166)..(166)
<223> X為W或L
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (167)..(167)
<223> X為N或S
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (168)..(168)
<223> X為T或A
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (170)..(170)
<223> X為D、L或V
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (174)..(174)
<223> X為G、V或不存在
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (175)..(175)
<223> X為Q或不存在
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (177)..(177)
<223> X為S或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (178)..(178)
<223> X為A或Q
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (179)..(179)
<223> X為A或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (182)..(182)
<223> X為V或I
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (189)..(189)
<223> X為Y或S
<400> 1
<210> 2
<211> 188
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (6)..(6)
<223> X為V或P
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (7)..(7)
<223> X為N或K
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (9)..(9)
<223> X為E或R
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (13)..(13)
<223> X為Q或I
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (14)..(14)
<223> X為M或I
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (15)..(15)
<223> X為M或E
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (16)..(16)
<223> X為Y、A、N或D
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (17)..(17)
<223> X為S或G
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (18)..(18)
<223> X為S或K
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (19)..(19)
<223> X為E或Q
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (20)..(20)
<223> X為S或N
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (21)..(21)
<223> X為P或N
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (23)..(23)
<223> X為C或S
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (26)..(26)
<223> X為I或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (28)..(28)
<223> X為I或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (32)..(32)
<223> X為N或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (34)..(34)
<223> X為A或G
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (35)..(35)
<223> X為L或I
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (37)..(37)
<223> X為T或N
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (38)..(38)
<223> X為A或G
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (39)..(39)
<223> X為F或Y
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (41)..(41)
<223> X為T或Y
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (42)..(42)
<223> X為V或L
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (43)..(43)
<223> X為I或M
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (45)..(45)
<223> X為V或A
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (47)..(47)
<223> X為N或D
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (48)..(48)
<223> X為N、Y或D
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (49)..(49)
<223> X為F或V
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (51)..(51)
<223> X為M或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (53)..(53)
<223> X為F或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (54)..(54)
<223> X為K或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (55)..(55)
<223> X為Y、H或N
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (56)..(56)
<223> X為R或K
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (58)..(58)
<223> X為I或V
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (59)..(59)
<223> X為N或S
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (60)..(60)
<223> X為F或I
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (61)..(61)
<223> X為T或N
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (62)..(62)
<223> X為A或V
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (65)..(65)
<223> X為F或Y
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (68)..(68)
<223> X為S或A
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (69)..(69)
<223> X為T或A
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (71)..(71)
<223> X為N或H
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (72)..(72)
<223> X為L或I
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (74)..(74)
<223> X為T或P
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (75)..(75)
<223> X為S、R或D
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (76)..(76)
<223> X為L或S
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (82)..(82)
<223> X為P或D
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (84)..(84)
<223> X為N或E
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (85)..(85)
<223> X為H、L或P
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (86)..(86)
<223> X為K或E
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (87)..(87)
<223> X為S或Y
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (88)..(88)
<223> X為G或K
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (90)..(90)
<223> X為N或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (92)..(92)
<223> X為I、L或D
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (93)..(93)
<223> X為T、F、S或L
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (94)..(94)
<223> X為N或S
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (96)..(96)
<223> X為K或R
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (97)..(97)
<223> X為S或G
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (108)..(108)
<223> X為V、D或不存在
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (109)..(109)
<223> X為L或不存在
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (110)..(110)
<223> X為N或P
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (111)..(111)
<223> X為N、D或V
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (112)..(112)
<223> X為N或A
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (113)..(113)
<223> X為S或G
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (114)..(114)
<223> X為R或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (115)..(115)
<223> X為E或H
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (116)..(116)
<223> X為N、K或不存在
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (117)..(117)
<223> X為E、G或不存在
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (119)..(119)
<223> X為Y或F
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (121)..(121)
<223> X為Y或F
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (123)..(123)
<223> X為T或Q
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (125)..(125)
<223> X為H或Y
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (127)..(127)
<223> X為T、K或E
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (131)..(131)
<223> X為H、G或R
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (132)..(132)
<223> X為T或A
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (133)..(133)
<223> X為L或A
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (136)..(136)
<223> X為L或I
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (137)..(137)
<223> X為D或E
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (138)..(138)
<223> X為I或V
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (139)..(139)
<223> X為S或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (144)..(144)
<223> X為Q、R或K
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (146)..(146)
<223> X為A或L
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (147)..(147)
<223> X為I、P或L
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (148)..(148)
<223> X為R、N或D
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (149)..(149)
<223> X為A、S、N或D
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (150)..(150)
<223> X為D、E或R
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (154)..(154)
<223> X為C或V
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (155)..(155)
<223> X為I或M
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (156)..(156)
<223> X為R或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (157)..(157)
<223> X為I、V或F
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (158)..(158)
<223> X為T或L
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (161)..(161)
<223> X為W或L
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (162)..(162)
<223> X為N或S
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (163)..(163)
<223> X為T或A
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (165)..(165)
<223> X為D、L或V
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (170)..(170)
<223> X為S或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (171)..(171)
<223> X為A或Q
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (172)..(172)
<223> X為A或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (175)..(175)
<223> X為V或I
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (182)..(182)
<223> X為Y或S
<400> 2
<210> 3
<211> 188
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (6)..(6)
<223> X為V或P
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (7)..(7)
<223> X為N或K
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (9)..(9)
<223> X為E或R
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (13)..(13)
<223> X為Q或I
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (14)..(14)
<223> X為M或I
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (15)..(15)
<223> X為M或E
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (16)..(16)
<223> X為Y、A、N或D
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (17)..(17)
<223> X為S或G
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (18)..(18)
<223> X為S或K
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (19)..(19)
<223> X為E或Q
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (20)..(20)
<223> X為S或N
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (21)..(21)
<223> X為P或N
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (23)..(23)
<223> X為C或S
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (26)..(26)
<223> X為I或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (28)..(28)
<223> X為I或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (32)..(32)
<223> X為N或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (34)..(34)
<223> X為A或G
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (35)..(35)
<223> X為L或I
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (37)..(37)
<223> X為T或N
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (38)..(38)
<223> X為A或G
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (39)..(39)
<223> X為F或Y
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (41)..(41)
<223> X為T或Y
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (42)..(42)
<223> X為V或L
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (43)..(43)
<223> X為I或M
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (45)..(45)
<223> X為V或A
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (47)..(47)
<223> X為N或D
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (48)..(48)
<223> X為N、Y或D
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (49)..(49)
<223> X為F或V
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (51)..(51)
<223> X為M或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (53)..(53)
<223> X為F或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (54)..(54)
<223> X為K或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (55)..(55)
<223> X為Y、H或N
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (56)..(56)
<223> X為R或K
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (58)..(58)
<223> X為I或V
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (59)..(59)
<223> X為N或S
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (60)..(60)
<223> X為F或I
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (61)..(61)
<223> X為T或N
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (62)..(62)
<223> X為A或V
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (65)..(65)
<223> X為F或Y
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (68)..(68)
<223> X為A或S
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (69)..(69)
<223> X為A或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (71)..(71)
<223> X為N或H
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (72)..(72)
<223> X為L或I
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (74)..(74)
<223> X為T或P
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (75)..(75)
<223> X為S、R或D
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (76)..(76)
<223> X為L或S
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (82)..(82)
<223> X為P或D
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (84)..(84)
<223> X為N或E
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (85)..(85)
<223> X為H、L或P
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (86)..(86)
<223> X為K或E
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (87)..(87)
<223> X為S或Y
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (88)..(88)
<223> X為G或K
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (90)..(90)
<223> X為N或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (92)..(92)
<223> X為I、L或D
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (93)..(93)
<223> X為T、F、S或L
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (94)..(94)
<223> X為N或S
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (96)..(96)
<223> X為K或R
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (97)..(97)
<223> X為S或G
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (108)..(108)
<223> X為V、D或不存在
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (110)..(110)
<223> X為N或P
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (111)..(111)
<223> X為N、D或V
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (112)..(112)
<223> X為N或A
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (113)..(113)
<223> X為S或G
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (114)..(114)
<223> X為R或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (115)..(115)
<223> X為E或H
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (116)..(116)
<223> X為N、K或不存在
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (117)..(117)
<223> X為E、G或不存在
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (119)..(119)
<223> X為Y或F
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (121)..(121)
<223> X為Y或F
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (123)..(123)
<223> X為T或Q
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (125)..(125)
<223> X為Y或H
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (127)..(127)
<223> X為T、K或E
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (131)..(131)
<223> X為H、G或R
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (132)..(132)
<223> X為T或A
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (133)..(133)
<223> X為L或A
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (136)..(136)
<223> X為L或I
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (137)..(137)
<223> X為D或E
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (138)..(138)
<223> X為I或V
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (139)..(139)
<223> X為S或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (144)..(144)
<223> X為Q、R或K
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (146)..(146)
<223> X為A或L
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (147)..(147)
<223> X為I、P或L
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (148)..(148)
<223> X為R、N或D
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (149)..(149)
<223> X為A、S、N或D
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (150)..(150)
<223> X為E、R或D
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (154)..(154)
<223> X為C或V
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (155)..(155)
<223> X為I或M
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (156)..(156)
<223> X為R或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (157)..(157)
<223> X為I、V或F
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (158)..(158)
<223> X為T或L
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (161)..(161)
<223> X為W或L
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (162)..(162)
<223> X為N或S
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (163)..(163)
<223> X為T或A
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (165)..(165)
<223> X為D、L或V
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (170)..(170)
<223> X為S或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (171)..(171)
<223> X為A或Q
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (172)..(172)
<223> X為A或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (175)..(175)
<223> X為V或I
<220>
<22I> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (182)..(182)
<223> X為Y或S
<400> 3
<210> 4
<211> 188
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (35)..(35)
<223> X為I或L
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (85)..(85)
<223> X為H、L或P
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (86)..(86)
<223> X為K或E
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (93)..(93)
<223> X為T、F、S或L
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (108)..(108)
<223> X為V、D或不存在
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (117)..(117)
<223> X為E、G或不存在
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (119)..(119)
<223> X為Y或F
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (127)..(127)
<223> X為T、K或E
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (162)..(162)
<223> X為N或S
<400> 4
<210> 5
<211> 188
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 5
<210> 6
<211> 188
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 6
<210> 7
<211> 188
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 7
<210> 8
<211> 188
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 8
<210> 9
<211> 188
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 9
<210> 10
<211> 188
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 10
<210> 11
<211> 188
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 11
<210> 12
<211> 91
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (4)..(4)
<223> X為T或S
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (8)..(8)
<223> X為L或V
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (9)..(9)
<223> X為T或N
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (14)..(14)
<223> X為T或A
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (15)..(15)
<223> X為G或S
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (24)..(24)
<223> X為G或S
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (30)..(30)
<223> X為D或T
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (32)..(32)
<223> X為D或N
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (34)..(34)
<223> X為T、F或S
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (36)..(36)
<223> X為Q、K或E
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (40)..(40)
<223> X為G、K或S
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (41)..(41)
<223> X為A或V
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (42)..(42)
<223> X為T或N
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (46)..(46)
<223> X為T或V
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (48)..(48)
<223> X為T或S
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (49)..(49)
<223> X為G或N
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (53)..(53)
<223> X為G或N
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (55)..(55)
<223> X為S或P
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (56)..(56)
<223> X為L或I
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (58)..(58)
<223> X為A、P或N
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (61)..(61)
<223> X為G或Q
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (62)..(62)
<223> X為T或I
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (63)..(63)
<223> X為D或E
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (64)..(64)
<223> X為Q或E
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (69)..(69)
<223> X為T、S或A
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (73)..(73)
<223> X為E、Q或N
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (78)..(78)
<223> X為N或D
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (80)..(80)
<223> X為N或S
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (82)..(82)
<223> X為I或S
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (83)..(83)
<223> X為I或C
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (84)..(84)
<223> X為I或A
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (85)..(85)
<223> X為D、N或L
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (86)..(86)
<223> X為D或K
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (88)..(88)
<223> X為I或不存在
<400> 12
<210> 13
<400> 13
000
<210> 14
<211> 91
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 14
<210> 15
<211> 92
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 15
<210> 16
<211> 92
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 16
<210> 17
<211> 91
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 17
<210> 18
<211> 92
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 18
<210> 19
<211> 16
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 19
<210> 20
<211> 12
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 20
<210> 21
<211> 20
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 21
<210> 22
<211> 25
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 22
<210> 23
<211> 33
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 23
<210> 24
<211> 7
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 24
<210> 25
<211> 7
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 25
<210> 26
<211> 4
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 合成
<400> 26
<210> 27
<211> 246
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 27
<210> 28
<211> 248
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (1)..(1)
<223> 視情況不存在
<400> 28
<210> 29
<211> 248
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (1)..(1)
<223> 視情況不存在
<400> 29
<210> 30
<211> 248
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (1)..(1)
<223> 視情況不存在
<400> 30
<210> 31
<211> 248
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (1)..(1)
<223> 視情況不存在
<400> 31
<210> 32
<211> 248
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (1)..(1)
<223> 視情況不存在
<400> 32
<210> 33
<211> 248
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (1)..(1)
<223> 視情況不存在
<400> 33
<210> 34
<211> 248
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<220>
<221> MISC_FEATURE
<222> (1)..(1)
<223> 視情況不存在
<400> 34
<210> 35
<211> 68
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 合成
<400> 35
<210> 36
<211> 39
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 合成
<400> 36
<210> 37
<211> 41
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 合成
<400> 37
<210> 38
<211> 34
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 合成
<400> 38
<210> 39
<211> 77
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 合成
<400> 39
<210> 40
<211> 40
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 合成
<400> 40
<210> 41
<211> 26
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 合成
<400> 41
<210> 42
<211> 24
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 合成
<400> 42
<210> 43
<211> 10
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 43
<210> 44
<211> 14
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 44
<210> 45
<211> 15
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 45
<210> 46
<211> 14
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 46
<210> 47
<211> 14
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 47
<210> 48
<211> 12
<212> PRT
<213> 智人
<400> 48
Claims (49)
- 一種重組AdB-2/3纖維多肽,其包含:(a)一或多個AdB-2/3纖維多肽桿域基元;(b)AdB-2/3纖維多肽杵域,其可操作地連接至且位於該一或多個AdB-2/3纖維多肽桿域基元之C端,其中該AdB-2/3纖維多肽杵域包含SEQ ID NO:1-11中之任一者之肽;及(c)一或多個非AdB-2/3源二聚合域,其可操作地連接至且位於該一或多個AdB-2/3纖維多肽桿域基元之N端。
- 如請求項1之重組AdB-2/3纖維多肽,其中該AdB-2/3纖維多肽不包括AdB-2/3纖維多肽尾域。
- 如請求項1或2之重組AdB-2/3纖維多肽,其中各桿域基元係選自由以下組成之群:Ad3纖維多肽桿域基元、Ad7纖維多肽桿域基元、Ad11纖維多肽桿域基元、Ad14纖維多肽桿域基元、Ad14a纖維多肽桿域基元及其組合。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之重組AdB-2/3纖維多肽,其中該一或多個桿域基元包含1至22個桿域基元。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之重組AdB-2/3纖維多肽,其中各桿域基元包含選自由SEQ ID NO:43-48組成之群的胺基酸序列。
- 如請求項1至5中任一項之重組AdB-2/3纖維多肽,其中該二聚合域包含選自由EVSALEK(SEQ ID NO:24)及/或KVSALKE(SEQ ID NO:25)組成之群的胺基酸序列。
- 如請求項1至6中任一項之重組AdB-2/3纖維多肽,其中該一或多個桿域基元為SEQ ID NO:43之桿域基元。
- 如請求項1至7中任一項之重組AdB-2/3纖維多肽,其包含以下胺基酸序列: (a) (SEQ ID NO:28);(b) (SEQ ID NO:29);(c) (SEQ ID NO:30);(d) (SEQ ID NO:31);(e) (SEQ ID NO:32); (f) (SEQ ID NO:33);及(g) (SEQ ID NO:34)。
- 如請求項1至8中任一項之重組AdB-2/3纖維多肽,其中該AdB-2/3纖維多肽含有單個AdB-2/3纖維多肽桿域基元。
- 如請求項1至9中任一項之重組AdB-2/3纖維多肽,其中該AdB-2/3纖維多肽為多聚合的。
- 如請求項1至9中任一項之重組AdB-2/3纖維多肽,其中該AdB-2/3纖維多肽為二聚合的。
- 如請求項1至11中任一項之重組AdB-2/3纖維多肽,其進一步包含一或多種結合至該重組AdB-2/3纖維多肽之化合物。
- 如請求項12之重組AdB-2/3纖維多肽,其中該一或多種化合物係選自由治療劑、診斷劑及顯影劑組成之群。
- 如請求項13之重組AdB-2/3纖維多肽,其中該一或多種化合物包含至少一種治療劑,其中該治療劑係選自由以下組成之群:抗體、免疫結合物、奈米粒子、化學治療劑、放射性粒子、病毒、疫苗、細胞免疫療法治療劑、基因療法構築體、核酸治療劑及其組合。
- 一種經分離之核酸,其編碼如請求項1至11中任一項之重組AdB-2/3纖維多肽。
- 一種重組表現載體,其包含如請求項15之經分離之核酸。
- 一種宿主細胞,其包含如請求項16之重組表現載體。
- 一種醫藥組合物,其包含:(a)如請求項10至14中任一項之AdB-2/3纖維多聚體;及醫藥學上可接受之載劑。
- 一種增強與上皮組織有關之病症之治療性治療或診斷及/或使上皮組織顯影之方法,其包含向有需要個體投與:(a)足以治療該病症之量的一或多種治療劑、足以診斷該病症之量的診斷劑及/或足以使該上皮組織顯影之量的顯影劑;及(b)足以增強該一或多種治療劑、診斷劑及/或顯影劑之功效之量的如請求項10至14中任一項之AdB-2/3纖維多聚體或其功能等效物或如請求項18之醫藥組合物。
- 如請求項19之方法,其中該與上皮組織有關之病症係選自由以下組成之群:實體腫瘤、大腸急躁症、發炎性腸病、克羅恩氏病(Crohn's disease)、潰瘍性結腸炎、便秘、胃食道逆流病、巴雷斯特氏食道症(Barrett's esophagus)、慢性阻塞性肺病、哮喘、支氣管炎、肺氣腫、囊腫性纖維化、間質性肺病、肺炎、原發性肺高血壓、肺栓塞、肺類肉瘤病、肺結核、胰臟炎、胰管病、膽管堵塞、膽囊炎、輸膽管結石、大腦病症、牛皮癬、皮膚炎、絲球體腎炎、肝炎、糖尿病、甲狀腺病、蜂窩組織炎、感染、腎盂腎炎及膽石。
- 如請求項19之方法,其中該與上皮組織有關之病症為實體腫瘤。
- 如請求項21之方法,其中該實體腫瘤係選自由以下組成之群:乳房腫瘤、肺腫瘤、結腸腫瘤、直腸腫瘤、胃腫瘤(stomach tumors)、前列腺腫瘤、卵巢腫瘤、子宮腫瘤、皮膚腫瘤、內分 泌腫瘤、子宮頸腫瘤、腎臟腫瘤、黑色素瘤、胰腺腫瘤、肝臟腫瘤、腦腫瘤、頭頸腫瘤、鼻咽腫瘤、胃腫瘤(gastric tumors)、鱗狀細胞癌、腺癌、膀胱腫瘤及食道腫瘤。
- 如請求項19至22中任一項之方法,其中該AdB-2/3纖維多聚體係選自由以下組成之群:AdB-2/3病毒粒子、AdB-2/3衣殼、AdB-2/3十二面體粒子(PtDd)、重組AdB-2/3纖維多聚體及其功能等效物。
- 如請求項19至23中任一項之方法,其中一或多種化合物包含至少一種治療劑,其中該治療劑係選自由以下組成之群:抗體、免疫結合物、病毒、奈米粒子、化學治療劑、放射性粒子、疫苗、細胞免疫療法治療劑、基因療法構築體、核酸治療劑及其組合。
- 如請求項19至24中任一項之方法,其中該治療劑包含化學治療劑或單株抗體。
- 如請求項19至24中任一項之方法,其中該治療劑包含抗腫瘤單株抗體。
- 如請求項26之方法,其中該抗腫瘤單株抗體包含選自由以下組成之群的抗體:曲妥珠單抗(trastuzumab)、西妥昔單抗(cetumiximab)、帕妥珠單抗(petuzumab)、阿撲單抗(apomab)、康納木單抗(conatumumab)、來沙木單抗(lexatumumab)、貝伐單抗(bevacizumab)、貝伐單抗、德諾單抗(denosumab)、紮木單抗(zanolimumab)、林妥珠單抗(lintuzumab)、依決洛單抗(edrecolomab)、利妥昔單抗(rituximab)、替西單抗(ticilimumab)、托西莫單抗(tositumomab)、阿侖單抗(alemtuzumab)、依帕珠單抗(epratuzumab)、米妥莫單抗(mitumomab)、吉妥單抗奧唑米星(gemtuzumab ozogamicin)、奧 戈伏單抗(oregovomab)、潘妥莫單抗(pemtumomab)、達利珠單抗(daclizumab)、帕尼單抗(panitumumab)、卡托莫西單抗(catumaxomab)、奧伐組單抗(ofatumumab)及替伊莫單抗(ibritumomab)。
- 如請求項19至27中任一項之方法,其中該與上皮組織有關之病症包含Her-2陽性腫瘤。
- 如請求項28之方法,其中該Her-2陽性腫瘤係選自由以下組成之群:乳房腫瘤、胃腫瘤、結腸腫瘤及卵巢腫瘤。
- 如請求項28或29之方法,其中該治療劑包含曲妥珠單抗。
- 如請求項19至30中任一項之方法,其中該治療劑包含化學治療劑、輻射或其組合。
- 如請求項28至31中任一項之方法,其中該個體對曲妥珠單抗療法無響應。
- 如請求項19至27中任一項之方法,其中該與上皮組織有關之病症包含EGFR陽性腫瘤。
- 如請求項33之方法,其中該EGFR陽性腫瘤係選自由以下組成之群:肺腫瘤、結腸腫瘤、乳房腫瘤、直腸腫瘤、頭頸腫瘤及胰腺腫瘤。
- 如請求項33或34中任一項之方法,其中該治療劑包含西妥昔單抗。
- 如請求項19至27中任一項之方法,其中該治療劑包含VEGF抑制劑。
- 如請求項33至36中任一項之方法,其中該治療劑包含化學治療劑、輻射或其組合。
- 如請求項33至37中任一項之方法,其中該個體對西妥昔單抗療法無響應。
- 一種治療與上皮組織有關之病症之方法,其包含向有需要個體投與足以治療該病症之量的如請求項10至14中任一項之AdB-2/3纖維多聚體或其功能等效物或如請求項18之醫藥組合物。
- 如請求項39之方法,其中該病症為AdB-2/3病毒感染或實體腫瘤。
- 如請求項40之方法,其中該病症為實體腫瘤,其中該實體腫瘤係選自由以下組成之群:乳房腫瘤、肺腫瘤、結腸腫瘤、直腸腫瘤、胃腫瘤(stomach tumors)、前列腺腫瘤、卵巢腫瘤、子宮腫瘤、皮膚腫瘤、內分泌腫瘤、子宮頸腫瘤、腎臟腫瘤、黑色素瘤、胰腺腫瘤、肝臟腫瘤、腦腫瘤、頭頸腫瘤、鼻咽腫瘤、胃腫瘤(gastric tumors)、鱗狀細胞癌、腺癌、膀胱腫瘤及食道腫瘤。
- 一種改良化合物向上皮組織傳遞之方法,其包含使該上皮組織與以下接觸:(a)一或多種待傳遞至該上皮組織中之化合物;及(b)足以增強該一或多種化合物向該上皮組織傳遞之量的如請求項10至14中任一項之AdB-2/3纖維多聚體或其功能等效物或如請求項18之醫藥組合物。
- 如請求項42之方法,其中該一或多種化合物包含診斷劑或顯影劑。
- 如請求項42或43之方法,其中該上皮組織包含實體腫瘤。
- 如請求項44之方法,其中該實體腫瘤係選自由以下組成之群:乳房腫瘤、肺腫瘤、結腸腫瘤、直腸腫瘤、胃腫瘤(stomach tumors)、前列腺腫瘤、卵巢腫瘤、子宮腫瘤、皮膚腫瘤、內分泌腫瘤、子宮頸腫瘤、腎臟腫瘤、黑色素瘤、胰腺腫瘤、肝臟腫瘤、腦腫瘤、頭頸腫瘤、鼻咽腫瘤、胃腫瘤(gastric tumors)、 鱗狀細胞癌、腺癌、膀胱腫瘤及食道腫瘤。
- 一種改良物質向表現橋粒黏蛋白2(DSG2)之組織傳遞之方法,其包含使該表現DSG2之組織與以下接觸:(a)一或多種待傳遞至該組織之化合物;及(b)足以增強該一或多種化合物向該組織傳遞之量的如請求項10至14中任一項之AdB-2/3纖維多聚體或其功能等效物或如請求項18之醫藥組合物。
- 一種誘導組織中之上皮向間葉細胞轉化(EMT)之方法,其包含使該上皮組織與足以誘導EMT之量的如請求項10至14中任一項之AdB-2/3纖維多聚體或其功能等效物或如請求項18之醫藥組合物接觸。
- 一種鑑別用於以下中之一或多者之候選化合物之方法,亦即用於治療與上皮組織有關之病症、改良物質向上皮組織之傳遞、改良物質向表現DSG2之組織之傳遞、誘導組織中之EMT及/或治療AdB-2/3感染,該方法包含:(a)在促使多聚體結合至DSG2之條件下使如請求項10至14中任一項之AdB-2/3纖維多聚體或其功能等效物與DSG2接觸,其中該接觸係在一或多種測試化合物存在下進行;及(b)與對照相比鑑別與該AdB-2/3纖維多聚體競爭以結合至DSG2之陽性測試化合物;其中該陽性測試化合物為用於以下中之一或多者的候選化合物:治療與上皮組織有關之病症、改良物質向上皮組織之傳遞、改良物質向表現DSG2之組織之傳遞、誘導組織中之EMT及/或治療AdB-2/3感染。
- 如請求項18之醫藥組合物,其進一步包含足以治療與上皮組織有關之病症之量的一或多種治療劑、足以診斷與上皮組織有關之病症之量的診斷劑及/或足以使上皮組織顯影之量的顯影劑。
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- 2017-05-12 US US15/593,578 patent/US10150798B2/en active Active
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2018
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2020
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2021
- 2021-12-22 US US17/559,391 patent/US11820795B2/en active Active
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2023
- 2023-09-27 US US18/475,950 patent/US20240083953A1/en active Pending
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