TW201540365A - Method and device for preparing and separating a material comprising a composite multi-substance system - Google Patents
Method and device for preparing and separating a material comprising a composite multi-substance system Download PDFInfo
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- TW201540365A TW201540365A TW104108709A TW104108709A TW201540365A TW 201540365 A TW201540365 A TW 201540365A TW 104108709 A TW104108709 A TW 104108709A TW 104108709 A TW104108709 A TW 104108709A TW 201540365 A TW201540365 A TW 201540365A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 205
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;titanium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ti].[Fe] YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011802 pulverized particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C4/00—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C25/00—Control arrangements specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C15/00—Disintegrating by milling members in the form of rollers or balls co-operating with rings or discs
- B02C15/04—Mills with pressed pendularly-mounted rollers, e.g. spring pressed
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本發明係關於一種用於預備及分離一包含合成的多物質系統的材料之方法,且亦係關於一種用於進行此方法之垂直輥磨機。 The present invention relates to a method for preparing and separating a material comprising a synthetic multi-material system, and also to a vertical roll mill for carrying out the method.
在德國每年產生大約80百萬公噸之建築廢物。此建築廢物之一大部份為經碾碎之混凝土。混凝土基本上由粗砂、砂粒及水泥石材組成,且因此,經碾碎之混凝土亦基本上由粗砂、砂粒及水泥石材組成。水泥石材尤其用來黏合其他兩種成份。 About 80 million metric tons of construction waste is produced each year in Germany. Most of this construction waste is crushed concrete. Concrete is basically composed of coarse sand, sand and cement stone, and therefore, the crushed concrete is basically composed of coarse sand, sand and cement stone. Cement stone is especially used to bond two other ingredients.
尤其是在不存在天然粗砂及砂粒沈積物的區域中,需要將經碾碎之混凝土預備成使得其可被分離成其個別組成部分。特別是,據此所關注的是回收所使用之粗砂及/或砂粒。然而,此處必需的是粗砂及砂粒相對於水泥石材應被儘可能完全地純化,否則,當使用該經回收粗砂或砂粒以用於生產混凝土時,以此方式而生產之混凝土可能地具有較低強度。 Especially in areas where natural grit and sand deposits are absent, the milled concrete needs to be prepared such that it can be separated into its individual components. In particular, the focus here is on the recovery of the coarse sand and/or sand used. However, it is essential here that the coarse sand and sand should be purified as completely as possible relative to the cement stone, otherwise the concrete produced in this way may be used when the recovered coarse sand or sand is used for the production of concrete. Has a lower strength.
WO 2011/142663 A1揭示(例如)一種用於粉碎經碾碎之混凝土且在可能時亦能夠回收該混凝土之個別成份的分離設備。然而,在運用此設備的情況下,不能達成或可僅在特別有利之條件下達成諸如粗砂及砂粒之個別經再循環成份的所要純度水準。 WO 2011/142663 A1 discloses, for example, a separating apparatus for comminuting milled concrete and, if possible, capable of recovering the individual components of the concrete. However, with the use of such equipment, the desired level of purity of individual recycled components such as grit and grit may not be achieved or may be achieved only under particularly advantageous conditions.
混凝土再循環之必需特徵為:特別是,將不在預備經碾碎混凝土期間粉碎粗砂,此係因為:否則,其可僅進一步用於劣等品質之混凝土生產。 An essential feature of concrete recycling is that, in particular, the coarse sand will not be comminuted during the preparation of the milled concrete, since: otherwise, it can only be used further for the production of inferior quality concrete.
在近代,實際上為純粉碎單元之輥磨機亦已用以預備及分離材料。 In modern times, a roller mill that is actually a pure pulverizing unit has also been used to prepare and separate materials.
舉例而言,此方法係自WO 2011/107124 A1所知。在其中描述之方法中,以有目標之方式粉碎由矽酸鹽部分及金屬部分組成之不鏽鋼渣,且從而使此等部分彼此分離。 For example, this method is known from WO 2011/107124 A1. In the method described therein, the stainless steel slag composed of the citrate portion and the metal portion is pulverized in a targeted manner, and thereby the portions are separated from each other.
在粉碎期間利用個別部分之間的顯著硬度差及密度差以便達成分離。此方法之必需特徵係持續主要地使用磨機作為粉碎單元及明顯地粉碎所供應之原料,且亦達成分離僅作為次要下游性質。經由所需基於壓力之粉碎,此方法僅允許在待分離成份中之一者具延性的情況下達成分離,使得其在研磨製程期間未被粉碎。換言之,分離之發生係在於:一種成份藉由輥壓力被研磨,而另一成份未被粉碎。此情形係可能的,此係因為將未被粉碎之成份具有延性性質。在研磨期間之壓力稍微過高的狀況下,此成份實際上變形,此情形並非所要的,然而,其持續未被粉碎。 A significant difference in hardness and density difference between the individual portions is utilized during comminution to achieve separation. An essential feature of this method is the continued use of the mill primarily as a comminution unit and the apparent comminution of the supplied feedstock, and also achieves separation only as a secondary downstream property. Through the required pressure-based comminution, this method only allows separation to be achieved with one of the components to be separated, such that it is not comminuted during the grinding process. In other words, separation occurs when one component is ground by roll pressure and the other component is not comminuted. This is possible because of the ductile nature of the ingredients that will not be comminuted. In the case where the pressure during the grinding is slightly too high, the composition is actually deformed, which is not desirable, however, it is not pulverized.
然而,此方法不能用於經碾碎混凝土之預備及分離,此係因為經碾碎混凝土不具有任何延性組成部分,且經碾碎混凝土之所有組成部分或成份因此將由磨機粉碎。因此不能達成所要結果,尤其是粗砂之純化及回收。 However, this method cannot be used for the preparation and separation of milled concrete because the milled concrete does not have any ductile components and all components or components of the milled concrete will therefore be comminuted by the mill. Therefore, the desired result cannot be achieved, especially the purification and recovery of the coarse sand.
本發明之一目標係指示一種方法及一種設備,在運用該方法 及該設備的情況下,一包含合成的多物質系統的材料之一預備及分離係可能的,其中該多物質系統之成份不具有任何延性性質。 One object of the present invention is to indicate a method and an apparatus in which the method is applied In the case of the apparatus, it is possible to prepare and separate one of the materials comprising the synthetic multi-material system, wherein the composition of the multi-substance system does not have any ductile properties.
此目標係根據本發明經由具有申請專利範圍第1項之特徵的一種用於預備及分離一包含一合成的多物質系統的材料之方法及具有申請專利範圍第13項之特徵的一種垂直輥磨機而達成。 This object is a method for preparing and separating a material comprising a synthetic multi-material system and a vertical roller mill having the features of claim 13 according to the invention, according to the invention. The machine is reached.
本發明之有利具體實例在附屬申請專利範圍中及在【實施方式】中予以指示。 Advantageous embodiments of the invention are indicated in the scope of the appended claims and in the [embodiments].
根據用於預備及分離一包含至少一第一成份及連接至該第一成份之一第二成份之合成的多物質系統之本發明方法,且其中該兩種成份不具有任何延性性質,將該材料作為饋入材料而饋入至具有用於床內磨耗之一研磨盤及研磨輥的一輥磨機。 According to the method of the invention for preparing and separating a synthetic multi-substance system comprising at least a first component and a second component of the first component, and wherein the two components do not have any ductile properties, The material is fed as a feed material to a roll mill having a grinding disc and a grinding roll for in-bed wear.
在操作期間將經處理材料及待處理材料之一研磨床形成於該研磨盤上,該等研磨輥在此研磨床上輥軋。在該床內磨耗期間,借助於該研磨床中之研磨輥經由該第一成份及該第二成份之粒子在其自身之間的剪切應力及磨蝕而將該材料分離成該等成份,其中往復地磨耗該第一成份之該等粒子、該第二成份之該等粒子及同一成份之粒子。 A polishing bed of one of the treated material and the material to be treated is formed on the grinding disc during operation, and the grinding rolls are rolled on the grinding bed. During the abrasion in the bed, the material is separated into the components by the shearing stress and abrasion between the particles of the first component and the second component by the grinding roller in the polishing bed, wherein The particles of the first component, the particles of the second component, and particles of the same composition are reciprocally worn.
為了促進該輥磨機中之該床內磨耗,運用該等輥之一極低衝壓力來操作該輥磨機,使得相對於平均輥直徑之垂直投影面積達到僅僅在15kN/m2直至一最大值140kN/m2之範圍內的一接觸壓力。據此將該衝壓力選擇成使得該第一成份及/或該第二成份之基於壓力之粉碎基本上不會直接地經由該接觸壓力而進行。換言之,該材料之該預備基本上僅經由該材料與該第一成份及/或該第二成份之該等粒子的該往復磨耗而發生。不提供一 基於壓力之粉碎。就進行一粉碎而言,此情形係主要地經由該材料之該往復磨蝕而實現。 In order to promote the in-bed wear in the roll mill, the roll mill is operated using one of the rolls with very low punching pressure so that the vertical projected area relative to the average roll diameter reaches only 15 kN/m 2 up to a maximum A contact pressure in the range of 140 kN/m 2 . Accordingly, the pressing force is selected such that the pressure-based comminution of the first component and/or the second component does not substantially proceed directly via the contact pressure. In other words, the preparation of the material occurs substantially only via the reciprocating wear of the material and the particles of the first component and/or the second component. No pressure based comminution is provided. In the case of a pulverization, this is achieved primarily by the reciprocating abrasion of the material.
此外,將該輥磨機操作成使得該研磨床具有大於該兩種成份中之一者的該等粒子之直徑的一最小高度。在該床內磨耗及該研磨床中之處理之後,自該輥磨機之處理迴路移除至少該第一成份及該第二成份且進行揀選。 Additionally, the roller mill is operated such that the polishing bed has a minimum height greater than the diameter of the particles of one of the two components. After the in-bed wear and treatment in the polishing bed, at least the first component and the second component are removed from the processing circuit of the roller mill and sorted.
可看到根據本發明之該方法的一核心觀念,此係在於:一輥磨機(尤其是一垂直輥磨機)不再用作一粉碎單元(其中該待粉碎材料係經由該等輥之壓力而「衝壓」),而是該輥磨機(尤其是形成於該輥磨機上之該研磨床)用於將該饋入材料分離及預備成其組成部分,尤其是分離及預備成該第一成份及該第二成份。該饋入材料之此分離及預備係經由往復摩擦應力(亦即,該材料之磨耗)而發生於該研磨床內。 A core concept of the method according to the invention can be seen in that a roll mill (especially a vertical roll mill) is no longer used as a comminution unit (where the material to be comminuted is passed through the rolls) Pressure ("stamping"), but the roller mill (especially the grinding bed formed on the roller mill) is used to separate and prepare the feed material into its components, in particular to separate and prepare The first component and the second component. This separation and preparation of the feed material occurs in the polishing bed via reciprocating frictional stress (i.e., abrasion of the material).
對應於本發明認識到,經由在僅運用一極低壓縮應力的情況下經由該研磨床中之該等輥而進行的該研磨床之根據本發明的該形成,在由該合成的多物質系統組成的該材料之該等個別成份之間發生或促進一磨耗製程。 Corresponding to the present invention, it is recognized that the formation according to the invention of the polishing bed is carried out via the rollers in the grinding bed using only a very low compressive stress, in the synthesis of the multi-substance system An abrasion process occurs or promotes between the individual components of the composition.
在使用根據本發明之該床內磨耗的情況下,因此亦在運用一輥磨機的情況下有可能分離多物質系統,此等多物質系統之成份不具有任何延性性質。甚至有可能運用多物質系統來進行此分離,此等多物質系統之成份具脆性。換言之,研磨基本上不再發生於該磨機中,此係因為該等輥之該衝壓力經定尺寸成使得粉碎基本上不再可能經由該等輥或其對該研磨床之直接影響而發生。該多物質系統之該等成份的該分離及該關聯部分 粉碎係主要地經由發生於該研磨床中之該磨耗製程而達成。 In the case of the in-bed wear according to the invention, it is therefore also possible to separate the multi-material system in the case of a roller mill, the components of which do not have any ductile properties. It is even possible to use a multi-substance system for this separation, the components of such multi-material systems being brittle. In other words, the grinding essentially no longer occurs in the mill, since the pressing force of the rolls is sized such that the comminution is substantially no longer possible via the rolls or their direct influence on the grinding bed. . The separation of the components of the multi-substance system and the associated portion The comminution system is primarily achieved via this abrading process occurring in the polishing bed.
在本發明之範圍內,磨耗可被理解為複數種成份經由相抵於彼此之往復搓擦而自其自身之間的黏著物的純化。該等成份之該分離據此尤其經由剪切力而發生於導致該等個別成份之純化的表面上,該等剪切力係藉由該等成份相抵於彼此之搓擦而產生。 Within the scope of the present invention, abrasion can be understood as the purification of a plurality of components from their own adhesives by reciprocating rubbing against each other. The separation of the components is thereby effected, inter alia, by shear forces on the surface which results in the purification of the individual components which are produced by the rubbing of the components against each other.
形成本發明之基礎的一另外核心觀念係將該研磨床形成為使得其具有大於該兩種成份中之一者的該等粒子之直徑的一最小高度。特別是,選擇該合成的多物質系統之該兩種成份中的較硬或較韌成份。經由該研磨床之此設計而確保該較硬成份不會經由輥壓力而粉碎。就此而論,其未必必須為該等成份中之最硬成份。舉例而言,在該研磨床高度至少高達該等成份中之一者之平均大小的情況下亦係有利的。以此方式,以足夠機率確保在預備製程期間不存在一基於壓力之粉碎,但基本上存在歸因於該研磨床中之磨耗製程的預備及粉碎,因此存在一基於磨蝕之粉碎。 An additional core concept that forms the basis of the present invention is to form the polishing bed such that it has a minimum height greater than the diameter of the particles of one of the two components. In particular, a harder or tougher component of the two components of the synthetic multi-body system is selected. This design of the grinding bed ensures that the harder components are not comminuted by the roll pressure. In this connection, it does not necessarily have to be the hardest component of the ingredients. For example, it is also advantageous where the height of the polishing bed is at least as high as the average of one of the components. In this way, there is sufficient chance to ensure that there is no pressure-based comminution during the preparatory process, but there is essentially a preparation and comminution due to the abrading process in the grinding bed, so there is an abrasive-based comminution.
根據本發明之含義,該合成的多物質系統亦可由多於此處作為實例而指示之該兩種成份的成份組成。更具黏性之成份亦可根據本發明之含義而被理解為較硬成份。 In accordance with the teachings of the present invention, the synthetic multi-substance system can also be composed of more components than the two components indicated herein by way of example. More viscous ingredients are also understood to be harder ingredients in accordance with the meaning of the present invention.
將該等輥(其亦可替代地被描述為研磨輥)之較佳地選定衝壓力選擇成使得產生在15kN/m2至一最大值140kN/m2之範圍內的一接觸壓力。該衝壓力尤其相依於該等輥之大小、該垂直磨機之大小,及/或該等輥之重量。據此將該接觸壓力用作一參考值,使得存在一導引變數而不顧該等輥或該磨機之尺寸。該接觸壓力之較佳範圍相依於該等待處理材料,其中該接觸壓力經選擇成使得基本上不存在該研磨材料之基於壓力之粉碎。 因為當處理一天然多物質系統時遍及該多物質系統之整個廣度存在許多不同硬度,所以不能完全地排除經受一不良壓力粉碎或經未成功地處理之一小部分。 Preferably the roller and the like (which may also be described alternatively as polishing rollers) of a selected punch force chosen such that a contact pressure is generated in the range of m 2 of 15kN / m 2 to a maximum of 140kN / a. The pressing force depends inter alia on the size of the rolls, the size of the vertical mill, and/or the weight of the rolls. Accordingly, the contact pressure is used as a reference value such that there is a pilot variable regardless of the size of the rolls or the mill. The preferred range of contact pressures is dependent on the awaiting treatment material, wherein the contact pressure is selected such that substantially no pressure based comminution of the abrasive material is present. Because there are many different hardnesses throughout the breadth of the multi-substance system when processing a natural multi-substance system, it is not possible to completely rule out a small portion that is subjected to a poor pressure comminution or unsuccessful treatment.
本發明係進一步基於如下意外發現:不管對於一輥磨機之操作實際上低太多的接觸壓力,該饋入材料之處理係可能的。此情形基本上係在於:與迄今的該磨機之操作模式對比,不再發生實際研磨,而是該等材料基本上往復地處理彼此且未由該等輥處理。此情形甚至導致在運用根據本發明之該方法的情況下亦可能預備及分離材料,該等材料之成份基本上不具有任何密度差。 The invention is further based on the surprising discovery that the processing of the feed material is possible regardless of the fact that the operation of a roll mill is actually much lower than the contact pressure. This is basically the case: in contrast to the mode of operation of the mill to date, the actual grinding no longer occurs, but rather the materials are treated substantially reciprocally with each other and are not processed by the rolls. This situation even leads to the possibility of preparing and separating materials in the case of applying the method according to the invention, the composition of which essentially does not have any density difference.
該衝壓力經有利地選擇成使得在該床內磨耗期間產生的該等粒子之間的剪切力處於5kN/m2至70kN/m2之範圍內,尤其是介於7kN/m2與20kN/m2之間。用於該合成的多物質系統之該等不同成份的該等粒子之間的該等剪切力之所指示範圍促進該研磨床中之一良好磨耗,使得該合成的多物質系統之該預備及分離可在該磨機中進行。此處,所存在之該等剪切力亦允許在不冒太大粉碎之風險的情況下達成該等個別成份在其自身之間的一足夠大的純度。 The punching pressure was advantageously selected so that the shear forces between such particles generated during abrasion in the bed is in the range 5kN / m 2 to 70kN / m 2 of, in particular between 7kN / m 2 and 20kN Between /m 2 . The indicated range of shear forces between the particles of the different components of the synthetic multi-material system promotes good wear of one of the polishing beds, such that the synthetic multi-substance system Separation can be carried out in the mill. Here, the shear forces present also allow for a sufficiently large purity of the individual components between themselves without risking too much comminution.
在該等剪切力之調整中必需的一分量為該等輥之該衝壓力。此衝壓力應被理想地設定成使得藉由結合該等輥及該等輥之旋轉而使該研磨板旋轉,在該研磨床中產生所要剪切力。換言之,不同剪切力或摩擦力作用於該待處理材料上。一方面,該等個別材料粒子在其自身之間的剪切力及摩擦力,另一方面,經由該等輥而施加至該材料之剪切力。 A component necessary in the adjustment of the shear forces is the impulse of the rolls. The pressing force should be desirably set such that the grinding plate is rotated by the rotation of the rolls and the rolls to produce the desired shear force in the grinding bed. In other words, different shearing forces or frictional forces act on the material to be treated. On the one hand, the shearing forces and frictional forces of the individual material particles between themselves, and on the other hand, the shear forces applied to the material via the rollers.
通常,當使用一輥磨機作為一粉碎單元時,該等輥經設定成 藉由該研磨床進行旋轉。在標準狀態下,因此可假定該等輥之周邊速度具有類似於位於旋轉研磨板上的該研磨床之相對速度的量值。然而,若該等輥相比於該研磨板或該研磨床較緩慢地旋轉,則在接觸點處之不同速度導致可用於根據本發明之床內磨耗的剪切力之產生。 Usually, when a roll mill is used as a pulverizing unit, the rolls are set to Rotating by the grinding bed. In the standard state, it can therefore be assumed that the peripheral speed of the rolls has a magnitude similar to the relative speed of the grinding bed located on the rotating grinding plate. However, if the rolls rotate relatively slowly compared to the grinding plate or the grinding bed, the different speeds at the points of contact result in the creation of shear forces that can be used for in-bed wear in accordance with the present invention.
更具體言之,與藉由沿著該磨機下方而導引之該等粒子進行掃掠或該等粒子進行掃掠所藉由的該輥之周邊速度相比較,該等剪切力之該產生係基本上基於該等粒子之速度。 More specifically, the shear force is compared to the peripheral velocity of the roller by sweeping the particles guided along the underside of the mill or sweeping the particles. The production line is based essentially on the speed of the particles.
與在運用一輥磨機進行研磨時之標準操作模式對比,在運用根據本發明之該方法的情況下必需的是明顯地增加該研磨床高度。對於根據本發明之該方法,該研磨床較佳地具有研磨盤直徑之8%的一最大高度,但較佳地為該研磨盤直徑之大約4%。在一輥磨機之習知操作模式中,該研磨材料係由該等輥主動地粉碎或碾碎。據此需要使研磨間隙(亦即,該等研磨輥與該研磨板或該研磨盤之間的距離)不太大,以便使由該等研磨輥併入至該研磨床中之力可主動地用以粉碎該研磨材料。若該研磨間隙太大,則一方面,可引起該研磨材料被僅僅部分地壓縮,且因此未將適當壓力施加至該研磨材料,及另一方面,該研磨材料流出該研磨間隙,使得其被移位而未被粉碎。 In contrast to the standard mode of operation when grinding with a roller mill, it is necessary to significantly increase the height of the grinding bed in the case of applying the method according to the invention. For the method according to the invention, the polishing bed preferably has a maximum height of 8% of the diameter of the abrasive disk, but is preferably about 4% of the diameter of the abrasive disk. In the conventional mode of operation of a roll mill, the abrasive material is actively comminuted or crushed by the rolls. Accordingly, it is desirable to make the grinding gap (i.e., the distance between the grinding rolls and the grinding plate or the grinding disk) not too large, so that the force incorporated into the polishing bed by the grinding rolls can be actively Used to pulverize the abrasive material. If the grinding gap is too large, on the one hand, the abrasive material can be caused to be only partially compressed, and therefore no suitable pressure is applied to the abrasive material, and on the other hand, the abrasive material flows out of the grinding gap so that it is Shifted without being shattered.
與此對比,對應於根據本發明之操作模式而需要在該研磨床中引起待磨耗的該多物質系統之該等粒子或成份的移動。因此在該研磨床高度明顯地高於輥磨機獨佔式地用於研磨之狀況下的高度的情況下係較佳的。較大研磨床高度導致該研磨床中之該等粒子或成份在其自身之間的較多相對移動,使得據此達成該床內磨耗。 In contrast, the movement of the particles or components of the multi-substance system to be abraded in the grinding bed is required in accordance with the mode of operation according to the invention. It is therefore preferred if the height of the polishing bed is significantly higher than the height of the roller mill for exclusive use in the case of grinding. The greater height of the polishing bed results in more relative movement of the particles or components in the polishing bed between themselves, such that the in-bed wear is achieved accordingly.
原則上,該研磨床高度可借助於該等輥之該衝壓力、一饋入質量流量、一研磨盤速度、該研磨盤之一固持輪緣之一高度及/或一內部循環流量而調整。 In principle, the height of the grinding bed can be adjusted by means of the pressing force of the rolls, a feed mass flow rate, a grinding disc speed, a height of one of the grinding discs holding the rim and/or an internal circulation flow.
該等研磨輥之該衝壓力的一增加經由該接觸壓力之一關聯增加而縮減該研磨床高度。該饋入質量流量之一增加(亦即,若將每時間單位較多的研磨材料作為饋入材料而饋入至該輥磨機)會增加該研磨床高度。與此對比,隨著再次自該研磨盤較快速地移除現有研磨材料,一較高研磨盤速度又縮減該研磨床之該高度。該研磨盤之該固持輪緣位於該研磨盤之邊緣處,且用以縮減或防止該研磨材料溢出該盤之邊緣。若該固持輪緣之高度上升,則該研磨床之該高度亦增加。 An increase in the punch pressure of the grinding rolls reduces the height of the grinding bed by an associated increase in one of the contact pressures. An increase in one of the feed mass flows (i.e., if more abrasive material per time unit is fed to the roller mill as a feed material) increases the height of the grinder. In contrast, as the existing abrasive material is removed more quickly from the abrasive disk, a higher abrasive disk speed reduces the height of the polishing bed. The retaining rim of the abrasive disc is located at the edge of the abrasive disc and serves to reduce or prevent the abrasive material from escaping the edge of the disc. If the height of the retaining rim rises, the height of the grinding bed also increases.
可用以調整該研磨床高度之一另外參數為該內部循環流量。據此,尤其是在具有整合式分類器之輥磨機的狀況下,在分類期間去除且再循環回至該研磨盤以供進一步處理的該等粒子之數量為一問題。若該內部循環流量增加,則該研磨床高度亦增加。舉例而言,可借助於分類器設定以及亦借助於製程空氣流之體積而影響該內部循環流量。 One of the parameters that can be used to adjust the height of the grinding bed is the internal circulation flow. Accordingly, particularly in the case of a roller mill having an integrated classifier, the number of such particles removed during the sorting and recycled back to the grinding disc for further processing is a problem. If the internal circulation flow rate increases, the height of the grinding bed also increases. For example, the internal circulation flow can be influenced by means of a classifier setting and also by means of the volume of the process air flow.
舉例而言,已證明在如下情況下係有利的:增加該多物質系統之材料接合,以增加該衝壓力以便達成用於該床內磨耗之必要力,而不管該增加之材料接合。然而,因為該研磨床高度應理想地保持恆定,所以隨著該研磨床高度經由增加之衝壓力而初始地縮減,必須調適其他參數。據此較佳的是增加該饋入質量流量及/或該內部循環流量。替代地或另外,亦可縮減該研磨盤速度。此等參數之設定在進行中的操作期間亦係可能的,使得若(例如)在測試期間確定該多物質系統之該材料接合大於迄今 之材料接合,則有可能經由此處所指示之參數而對其作出反應。 For example, it has proven advantageous to increase the material engagement of the multi-substance system to increase the ram pressure in order to achieve the necessary force for wear in the bed, regardless of the increased material engagement. However, because the height of the grinding bed should ideally remain constant, other parameters must be adapted as the height of the grinding bed is initially reduced by increasing the pressure of the press. Accordingly, it is preferred to increase the feed mass flow rate and/or the internal circulation flow rate. Alternatively or additionally, the grinding disc speed can also be reduced. The setting of such parameters is also possible during ongoing operations such that if, for example, the material bonding of the multi-substance system is determined to be greater than The material is joined and it is possible to react to it via the parameters indicated herein.
一另外可能性係增加該固持輪緣之該高度。然而,此情形在進行中的操作期間係不可能的,或僅在有困難的情況下係可能的。因此,若所使用之該輥磨機待切換至一不同多物質系統或待針對此不同多物質系統而設計,則主要地使用此變化。 An additional possibility is to increase the height of the retaining rim. However, this situation is not possible during ongoing operations, or only if there are difficulties. Therefore, if the roller mill used is to be switched to a different multi-substance system or to be designed for this different multi-substance system, this change is mainly used.
若該多物質系統之該材料接合縮減,則該衝壓力對應地縮減,藉此原則上,該研磨床將增加。為了抵消此增加,現在可在各別相反方向上調整先前所提到之參數。 If the material of the multi-material system is reduced in engagement, the pressing force is correspondingly reduced, whereby in principle the grinding bed will increase. To counteract this increase, the previously mentioned parameters can now be adjusted in opposite directions.
在一輥磨機之操作期間,原則上需要處理儘可能高的一產出率,亦即,每時間單位儘可能多的饋入材料。若增加該質量流量以便增加該產出率,則在尤其是增加該研磨盤速度以便維持該研磨床高度的情況下係有利的。該等輥之該衝壓力的一增加將實際上亦縮減該研磨床高度,但此情形將導致床內磨耗變數之一改變。特別是,經由該等輥之該較高衝壓力,將增加該研磨壓力(亦即,借助於該等輥而併入至該研磨床中之力),藉此亦增加該接觸壓力。此情形可導致該多物質系統之一較不良預備及分離。因此較佳的是,若該饋入質量流量增加,則此情形應僅僅經由該研磨盤速度之一增加而補償。若該內部再循環強迫地增加,則亦可進行上述相同情形。舉例而言,此為需要該等材料之一較高崩潰程度且因此經由該分類器而移除較少材料作為細料的狀況。如先前已經指示,此情形導致較多材料回饋至該研磨板,且以類似於該饋入質量流量之一增加之狀況的方式導致該研磨床高度增加。此處亦較佳的是基本上僅經由該研磨盤速度之一調適(尤其是一增加)而控制此情形,使得該研磨床高度保持恆定。 During the operation of a roll mill, it is in principle necessary to process as high a yield as possible, that is to say as much material as possible per unit of time. If the mass flow is increased in order to increase the yield, it is advantageous in particular in the case of increasing the grinding disc speed in order to maintain the height of the grinding bed. An increase in the pressure of the rolls will actually also reduce the height of the bed, but this situation will result in a change in one of the in-bed wear variables. In particular, the higher pressing pressure of the rolls will increase the grinding pressure (i.e., the force incorporated into the grinding bed by means of the rolls), thereby also increasing the contact pressure. This situation can result in poor preparation and separation of one of the multi-substance systems. It is therefore preferred that if the feed mass flow rate is increased, then this situation should only be compensated by an increase in one of the grinding disc speeds. If the internal recirculation is forcibly increased, the same situation as described above can also be performed. For example, this is a situation where one of the materials is required to have a higher degree of collapse and thus less material is removed via the classifier as a fine. As has been indicated previously, this situation results in more material being fed back to the grinding plate and causing the grinding bed height to increase in a manner similar to the condition in which one of the feed mass flows is increased. It is also preferred here to control this situation substantially only via one of the grinding disc speeds (especially an increase) such that the height of the grinding bed remains constant.
不同輥磨機類型係已知的。在一些輥磨機中,該等輥被直接地驅動。在其他輥磨機(尤其是屬於LOESCHE類型)中,該等輥自身未被驅動,而是經設定成經由該等輥與該研磨床之間產生之摩擦力進行旋轉。此情形在一輥磨機之正常操作模式中係相對無問題的,其中該輥磨機用於研磨。然而,當使用一輥磨機以用於床內磨耗時,已確定對於歸因於此等研磨輥之極低衝壓力的該等研磨輥之旋轉的關注增加。 Different roller mill types are known. In some roll mills, the rolls are driven directly. In other roll mills (especially of the LOESCHE type), the rolls themselves are not driven, but are set to rotate via the friction generated between the rolls and the grinding bed. This situation is relatively problem-free in the normal operating mode of a roll mill where the roll mill is used for grinding. However, when a roll mill is used for in-bed wear, it has been determined that the focus on the rotation of the grinding rolls due to the extremely low punch pressure of the grinding rolls is increased.
就此而論,在啟動期間運用比在操作期間選擇之該衝壓力更高的該等輥之一衝壓力來操作該輥磨機的情況下係較佳的。此情形係必要的,以便初始地將具有待克服之一起動轉矩的該等輥設定成進行旋轉。隨後,在床內磨耗操作期間,該研磨床與該等研磨輥之間的摩擦在大多數狀況下足以維持該等輥之該旋轉。 In this connection, it is preferred to operate the roller mill during startup with a higher pressure than the one selected during the operation. This situation is necessary in order to initially set the rolls with one of the starting torques to be overcome to be rotated. Subsequently, during the in-bed abrading operation, the friction between the grinding bed and the grinding rolls is sufficient to maintain the rotation of the rolls in most cases.
就此而論,若確定該等輥之該旋轉太低,則較佳的是在操作期間監測該等輥之該旋轉且至少隨著時間而增加該等輥之該衝壓力。該等輥之一不足旋轉會導致由該等輥引入至該研磨床中之剪切力改變,且該床內磨耗之品質因此亦改變。經由該等輥之該衝壓力的短期增加,確保該等輥具有一足夠旋轉或一足夠角動量。根據本發明之含義,該等輥之一不足旋轉被理解為意謂該輥之周邊速度低於該輥下方的材料流量之速度的50%。藉由近似可假定在該輥下方的該材料流量對應於該等輥下方的該研磨盤或該研磨板之旋轉速度。相依於該材料,可提供百分之幾的調適以便促進該速度之較好估計。 In this connection, if it is determined that the rotation of the rolls is too low, it is preferred to monitor the rotation of the rolls during operation and increase the pressure of the rolls at least over time. Insufficient rotation of one of the rolls causes a change in the shear force introduced into the grinding bed by the rolls, and the quality of the in-bed wear changes accordingly. Through the short-term increase in the pressure of the rolls, it is ensured that the rolls have a sufficient rotation or a sufficient angular momentum. According to the meaning of the invention, one of the rolls being insufficiently rotated is understood to mean that the peripheral speed of the roll is less than 50% of the speed of the material flow below the roll. By approximating, the flow of material below the roller can be assumed to correspond to the rotational speed of the abrasive disk or the abrasive plate below the rollers. Depending on the material, a few percent adjustment can be provided to facilitate a better estimate of this speed.
為了促進該輥磨機之啟動(尤其是該等研磨輥之旋轉設定),在運用用於該床內磨耗之僅低可容許衝壓力的情況下,將輥軸承有利 地設計成具有比通常更大的一遊隙。此情形一方面縮減該起動轉矩且另外另一方面亦縮減停止或該等研磨輥具有太低之一旋轉速度的風險。 In order to facilitate the start of the roller mill (especially the setting of the rotation of the grinding rollers), it is advantageous to use the roller bearing in the case of applying only the low allowable pressing force for the wear in the bed. The ground is designed to have a larger play than usual. This situation on the one hand reduces the starting torque and on the other hand also reduces the risk of stopping or the grinding rolls having a rotational speed which is too low.
根據一較佳具體實例,該輥磨機係在一超速及/或空氣流模式中操作。在作為一純超速磨機之該操作模式中,所預備之該研磨材料係尤其經由該研磨盤之旋轉而被傳送遍及一可能存在之固持輪緣,且降落至該研磨盤下方之一區域中。該研磨材料可被輸送遠離此處。在該空氣流操作模式中,遍及該研磨板向下掉落之該研磨材料係借助於一製程空氣流而被吸收且尤其向上被吹走。在該研磨盤上方,在大多數狀況下存在一分類器,該經預備研磨材料係借助於該製程空氣流而輸送至該分類器。分類發生於該分類器中,使得經足夠精細預備之研磨材料自預備製程排出,而待進一步處理之研磨材料因所謂的去除而回饋至該預備製程。 According to a preferred embodiment, the roller mill operates in an overspeed and/or air flow mode. In this mode of operation as a pure overspeed mill, the prepared abrasive material is conveyed, in particular via the rotation of the grinding disc, over a possible holding rim and falls into an area below the grinding disc. . The abrasive material can be transported away from here. In the air flow mode of operation, the abrasive material falling down the abrasive plate is absorbed by means of a process air stream and is especially blown upwards. Above the grinding disc, in most cases there is a sorter that is delivered to the sorter by means of the process air stream. The classification takes place in the classifier such that the abrasive material that is sufficiently finely prepared is discharged from the preparatory process, and the abrasive material to be further processed is fed back to the preparatory process by so-called removal.
結合本發明,特別是,亦將該床內磨耗描述為一研磨製程,此係因為此情形可被視為與標準研磨製程不太相關,但經由一不同粉碎技術而與其不同。然而,該床內磨耗係借助於一輥磨機而進行,且因此為了較容易理解而應用用於磨機之術語,但在實際意義上未發生進一步研磨。在一組合式超速及空氣流模式中,並非所有超速研磨材料係由在該研磨盤周圍掃掠之該製程空氣流吸收,而是其僅一比例被吸收。一另外比例向下降落,且由傳送構件輸送遠離該研磨盤下方。 In connection with the present invention, in particular, the in-bed attrition is also described as a grinding process, as this may be considered to be less relevant to a standard grinding process, but different from a different comminution technique. However, the in-bed attrition is carried out by means of a roll mill, and therefore the term for the mill is applied for easier understanding, but no further grinding takes place in the practical sense. In a combined overspeed and airflow mode, not all of the overspeed abrasive material is absorbed by the process air stream that is swept around the abrasive disc, but only a proportion of it is absorbed. An additional ratio falls down and is transported away from the grinding disc by the transfer member.
根據一較佳具體實例,包含待預備及分離之該合成的多物質系統的該材料為經碾碎混凝土。經碾碎混凝土自身主要地由粗砂、砂粒及水泥石材組成。根據本發明之該方法允許使粗砂及砂粒彼此分離且與該水泥石材分離,且借助於該床內磨耗而純化。經由該床內磨耗,特別是,使 該粗砂及砂粒自該水泥石材擦掉,使得在根據本發明之該方法之後,粗砂及砂粒再次基本上以一純形式而存在且因此可再用於混凝土生產。 According to a preferred embodiment, the material comprising the synthetic multi-material system to be prepared and separated is milled concrete. The milled concrete itself consists mainly of coarse sand, sand and cement stone. The method according to the invention allows the grit and the grit to be separated from each other and separated from the cement stone and purified by means of in-bed abrasion. Through the in-bed wear, in particular, The grit and grit are wiped off from the cement stone so that after the process according to the invention, the grit and grit are again substantially present in a pure form and can therefore be reused for concrete production.
在該方法之一另外有利具體實例中,使用具有一分類器(其亦可為整合式)之一垂直輥磨機。另外,將一製程空氣流設定成使得一成份(例如,水泥石材)以及至少部分地為來自該第一成份及該第二成份(諸如,水泥石材及砂粒)之化合物借助於該製程空氣流而自該超速研磨材料輸送至該分類器,而第一經純化成份(諸如,粗砂及砂粒)係作為粗糙材料而自該研磨製程移除。 In a further advantageous embodiment of one of the methods, a vertical roller mill having a classifier (which may also be integrated) is used. Additionally, a process air stream is set such that a component (e.g., cement stone) and at least a portion of the compound from the first component and the second component (such as cement stone and grit) are by means of the process air stream. The super-speed abrasive material is delivered to the classifier, and the first purified component, such as grit and grit, is removed from the polishing process as a rough material.
進一步假設經粉碎之第二成份(諸如,經粉碎水泥石材)之至少一比例係在該分類器處作為細料而自該研磨製程移除,且該第二成份之經不足粉碎粒子及該第一成份與該第二成份之黏著物(諸如,水泥石材及水泥石材與砂粒之化合物)係由該分類器去除且回饋至該研磨盤。另外,砂粒可與借助於篩網而移除之該粗糙材料分離,以便因此在包含兩種以上成份之多物質系統的狀況下促進進一步分離。 Further supposing that at least one proportion of the pulverized second component (such as pulverized cement stone) is removed from the polishing process as a fine material at the classifier, and the second component is less than pulverized particles and the first component Adhesives of a component and the second component, such as cement stone and cement stone and grit compounds, are removed by the classifier and fed back to the abrasive disk. In addition, the grit can be separated from the rough material removed by means of a screen to facilitate further separation in the case of a multi-substance system comprising two or more components.
根據一有利具體實例,一垂直輥磨機係在該組合式超速及空氣流模式中操作。該製程空氣流(其自該研磨盤周圍下方進行掃掠)經設定成使得其在該分類器之向上方向上輸送僅輕或小材料,尤其是經粉碎水泥石材及水泥石材與砂粒之黏著物。諸如砂粒及粗砂之經純化重成份可與該製程流相反地向下降落且作為粗糙材料而自該研磨製程排出。另外,諸如粗砂、砂粒及水泥石材之該等成份之黏著物可作為粗糙材料而自該研磨製程排出。此仍經不足預備之材料可借助於揀選製程而偵測,且回饋至根據本發明之床內磨耗製程。 According to an advantageous embodiment, a vertical roller mill operates in the combined overspeed and air flow modes. The process air stream (which sweeps from below the grinding disc) is set such that it transports only light or small materials in the upward direction of the classifier, especially the smashed cement stone and cement stone and grit adhesives. . Purified heavy components such as grit and grit may be dropped downwardly from the process stream and discharged as a rough material from the polishing process. In addition, the adherends of such components as coarse sand, sand, and cement stone may be discharged as a rough material from the grinding process. The material that is still under-prepared can be detected by means of a picking process and fed back to the in-bed abrading process according to the present invention.
為了分離粗砂及砂粒,借助於篩選之一後續分離係合適的。運用該製程空氣流而達到該分類器之該材料在彼處被分類。相依於該分類器之設定,舉例而言,僅經粉碎水泥石材作為細料被排出,而剩餘材料回饋至該研磨盤。對應於根據本發明之該方法基本上不經由一壓縮應力而是經由該床內磨耗而發生該水泥石材之粉碎。換言之,該水泥石材係藉由其他粒子及其他水泥石材而磨碎。經由此磨碎,亦有可能在不粉碎砂粒及粗砂自身的情況下自砂粒及粗砂移除該水泥石材。 In order to separate the coarse sand and the sand, one of the subsequent separations by means of screening is suitable. The material that achieves the classifier using the process air flow is classified elsewhere. Depending on the setting of the classifier, for example, only the pulverized cement stone is discharged as a fine material, and the remaining material is fed back to the grinding disk. The comminution of the cement stone occurs corresponding to the method according to the invention substantially without a compressive stress but via in-bed abrasion. In other words, the cement stone is ground by other particles and other cement stone. By this grinding, it is also possible to remove the cement stone from the sand and the coarse sand without crushing the sand and the coarse sand itself.
根據本發明之該方法可較佳地運用具有一可旋轉研磨盤(研磨材料之一研磨床在操作期間形成於該可旋轉研磨盤上)且具有至少兩個靜止可旋轉研磨輥(其在操作期間在該研磨材料上輥軋)之一輥磨機而進行。在此狀況下,一分類器較佳地配置於該等研磨輥上方,且另外提供用於界定及維持該研磨盤與該等研磨輥之間的一最小研磨間隙的一構件。 The method according to the invention preferably employs a rotatable grinding disc (one of which is formed on the rotatable grinding disc during operation) and has at least two stationary rotatable grinding rolls (which are in operation) This is carried out by rolling the mill on the abrasive material. In this case, a classifier is preferably disposed above the grinding rolls and additionally provides a means for defining and maintaining a minimum grinding gap between the grinding disc and the grinding rolls.
根據本發明之該垂直輥磨機係基於如下辨識:相比於運用(例如)為了煤研磨而存在之一習知研磨床的情況,該研磨床上的該研磨材料之一明顯較低壓縮在該床內磨耗中係必要的,或可在該床內磨耗中引起該明顯較低壓縮。然而,經由通過該等研磨輥之此低壓縮或力效應,存在與可為明顯不同水準的該研磨床之局部不同硬度及另外性質有關的一問題。舉例而言,由於該研磨床之低壓縮及相對大高度,在一些點處相比於在其他點處可存在較多空氣夾雜物。若該等研磨輥係運用一恆定衝壓力而操作,則存在如下風險:在存在較多空氣夾雜物的點處,相比於在其他點處,該等研磨輥顯著較大地壓縮該研磨床。甚至可引起該等研磨輥衝擊遠至該研磨盤。所引起之所有此等變體及現象導致該等研磨輥之非平滑運 行。此情形又導致該垂直磨機之整個操作的振動,其可為不良的且甚至部分地為有害的。舉例而言,若引起太大振動,則必須停止運用該垂直輥磨機之該預備製程。 The vertical roller mill according to the present invention is based on the recognition that one of the abrasive materials on the grinding bed is significantly less compressed than in the case of using one of the conventional grinding beds for coal milling, for example. In-bed wear is necessary or may cause this significantly lower compression in the in-bed wear. However, via this low compression or force effect through the abrasive rolls, there is a problem associated with the localized different hardness and additional properties of the polishing bed which can be of a significantly different level. For example, due to the low compression and relatively large height of the grinding bed, there may be more air inclusions at some points than at other points. If the abrasive rolls are operated with a constant punch pressure, there is a risk that at the point where there are more air inclusions, the grinding rolls compress the polishing bed significantly larger than at other points. It can even cause the grinding rolls to impact as far as the grinding disc. All such variations and phenomena caused by the non-smoothing of the grinding rolls Row. This situation in turn causes vibrations throughout the operation of the vertical mill, which can be undesirable and even partially deleterious. For example, if too much vibration is caused, the preparatory process of applying the vertical roller mill must be stopped.
就此而論,在本發明中認識到,在垂直磨機中首次有必要提供用於界定及維持該研磨盤與該等研磨輥之間的一最小研磨間隙的一構件。此意謂確保經由該研磨床之不同性質而防止該等研磨輥衝擊至該研磨盤上。 In this connection, it is recognized in the present invention that it is first necessary in a vertical mill to provide a means for defining and maintaining a minimum grinding gap between the grinding disc and the grinding rolls. This means ensuring that the grinding rolls are prevented from impinging on the grinding disc via the different properties of the grinding bed.
可設想不同之可能性以便實施此構件。舉例而言,可在一有利具體實例中提供用於該等研磨輥之對應擋板或擋板緩衝器。另一可能性係對應地設計該等研磨輥之液壓系統。 Different possibilities are envisaged in order to implement this component. For example, a corresponding baffle or baffle bumper for the abrasive rolls can be provided in an advantageous embodiment. Another possibility is to design the hydraulic system of the grinding rolls accordingly.
根據一較佳具體實例,提供一液壓系統以在操作期間調整該等研磨輥之該衝壓力。此液壓系統抵消該等研磨輥之重力以便相對於平均輥直徑之垂直投影面積促進在15kN/m2至140kN/m2之範圍內的一接觸壓力。垂直輥磨機(尤其是屬於LOESCHE類型)中之該液壓系統通常經設計成使得該等研磨輥之該衝壓力在與重力相同之方向上起作用。通常,借助於該液壓系統,將達成600kN/m2直至1000kN/m2或更大之一接觸壓力。然而,此情形在該床內磨耗中並非合意的。 According to a preferred embodiment, a hydraulic system is provided to adjust the ram pressure of the grinding rolls during operation. This hydraulic system of such grinding rolls of gravity offset relative to the vertical projection area of the average diameter of the roll to promote a contact pressure in the range of 15kN / m 2 to 140kN / m 2 of the. The hydraulic system in a vertical roller mill (especially of the LOESCHE type) is typically designed such that the pressing force of the grinding rollers acts in the same direction as gravity. Generally, by means of the hydraulic system, a contact pressure of 600 kN/m 2 up to 1000 kN/m 2 or more will be achieved. However, this situation is not desirable in the in-bed wear.
歸因於不同磨機系統中之該等研磨輥的大小及其高達45t之重量,有必要提供一逆液壓系統以便縮減衝壓於該研磨床上的該等研磨輥之重力。此處不能使用已經知道之液壓系統(其部分地用以轉出該等研磨輥),此係因為其確實實際上縮減該等研磨輥對該研磨床之壓力,但並不適於將此壓力(因此將該衝壓力)維持於一恆定水準。實際上,其僅經設 計成用於該等研磨輥之一迅速轉出(例如)以用於維護目的。 Due to the size of the grinding rolls in different mill systems and their weights of up to 45 tons, it is necessary to provide an inverse hydraulic system to reduce the weight of the grinding rolls stamped on the grinding bed. The hydraulic systems already known (which are used in part to transfer out the grinding rolls) cannot be used here, since they do indeed actually reduce the pressure of the grinding rolls on the grinding bed, but are not suitable for this pressure ( Therefore, the pressing force is maintained at a constant level. In fact, it’s only One of the grinding rolls is counted for rapid removal (for example) for maintenance purposes.
根據一有利具體實例,一監測系統設置於每一研磨輥上,且在操作期間監測該等研磨輥之旋轉。此情形在使用一垂直輥磨機以用於該床內磨耗時係必要的,此係因為:如已經敍述,工作運用一極低衝壓力而發生,此意謂可引起該等研磨輥不再足夠地旋轉。借助於供應監測系統,可偵測此狀態,且可起始合適之對策,例如,暫時增加該衝壓力。 According to an advantageous embodiment, a monitoring system is provided on each of the grinding rolls and the rotation of the grinding rolls is monitored during operation. This situation is necessary when using a vertical roll mill for wear in the bed, because: as already stated, the work takes place with a very low pressure, which means that the grinding rolls are no longer used. Rotate enough. With the aid of the supply monitoring system, this state can be detected and appropriate countermeasures can be initiated, for example by temporarily increasing the impulse.
下文將參看圖式而使用示意性實例具體實例來更詳細地解釋本發明,在該等圖中:圖1展示用於根據本發明之混凝土預備之流程圖;圖2展示通過垂直輥磨機之橫截面;及圖3展示圖2之垂直輥磨機之切斷。 The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings, in which, by way of example, FIG. 1 shows a flow chart for the preparation of concrete according to the invention; FIG. 2 shows a vertical roller mill Cross section; and Figure 3 shows the cutting of the vertical roller mill of Figure 2.
作為實例,對於用於預備及分離包含合成的多物質系統的材料之本發明方法,圖1展示用於預備經碾碎混凝土之流程圖10。下文更詳細地所描述的用於經碾碎混凝土預備之方法亦可以相同或類似方式用於其他材料系統,其中個別成份不具有延性性質。以下設計應被僅僅視為一實例,以便作為實例而說明根據本發明之方法之確切執行及其優點。在此實例中相關地描述之個別方法步驟亦可各自被個別地進行,且因此各自應被分離地視為本發明之部分。 As an example, for the method of the present invention for preparing and separating materials comprising a synthetic multi-material system, Figure 1 shows a flow chart 10 for preparing milled concrete. The methods for the preparation of milled concrete described in more detail below can also be applied to other material systems in the same or similar manner, wherein the individual components do not have ductile properties. The following design should be considered merely as an example to illustrate the exact implementation of the method according to the invention and its advantages as an example. The individual method steps described in relation to this example may also be performed individually, and thus each should be considered separately as part of the present invention.
通常,經由加強鋼之斷裂及分離而自經碾碎混凝土以0mm至63mm之部分產生混凝土顆粒。隨後,通常發生成為粗砂及砂粒部分之 分類。然而,此等部分具有水泥石材之仍不可忽略的黏著物。在混凝土生產中使用作為聚集體的僅高達最大值15%之經再循環粗砂及砂粒作為初級粗砂及砂粒之替換因此被視為技術上合理的。 Typically, concrete particles are produced from milled concrete at a fraction of 0 mm to 63 mm via rupture and separation of the reinforced steel. Subsequently, it usually happens as a part of coarse sand and sand. classification. However, these parts have adhesives that are still not negligible in cement stone. The use of recycled coarse sand and grit as agglomerates up to a maximum of 15% in the production of concrete as a substitute for primary grit and grit is therefore considered to be technically sound.
作為粗砂及砂粒替換的經再循環材料之最大值15%的此臨限值可借助於根據本發明之方法而明顯地向上移位。 This threshold value of 15% of the maximum value of the recycled material as a substitute for coarse sand and grit can be significantly shifted upward by means of the method according to the invention.
為此,使用具有(例如)高達80mm粒徑之大小的混凝土顆粒作為起始材料或饋入產物11。將此混凝土顆粒(其亦被描述為經碾碎混凝土)作為饋入材料而饋入至根據本發明之輥磨機12。輥磨機12係以根據圖1之方法而在組合式超速及空氣流模式中操作,且亦被描述為垂直輥磨機。下文將參看圖2來更詳細地描述在輥磨機12中發生之製程及輥磨機12之操作模式。 For this purpose, concrete particles having a particle size of, for example, up to 80 mm are used as starting materials or feed products 11. This concrete granule (which is also described as milled concrete) is fed as a feed material to the roller mill 12 according to the invention. Roll mill 12 is operated in a combined overspeed and air flow mode in accordance with the method of Figure 1, and is also described as a vertical roll mill. The process occurring in the roll mill 12 and the mode of operation of the roll mill 12 will be described in more detail below with reference to FIG.
輥磨機12對應於本發明而操作為床內磨耗單元,而不操作為粉碎單元。因此可在設置於輥磨機12中之分類器處自預備迴路移除經預備及粉碎之水泥石材16,該分類器原則上亦可配置於輥磨機12下游。 The roller mill 12 operates as an in-bed wear unit corresponding to the present invention, and does not operate as a pulverizing unit. The pre-compressed and comminuted cement stone 16 can thus be removed from the preparatory circuit at a classifier provided in the roller mill 12, which can in principle also be arranged downstream of the roller mill 12.
借助於超速,在輥磨機12中自預備移除粗糙材料13,此粗糙材料13基本上由經預備粗砂、砂粒及仍黏著材料組成,但其比例明顯地小於饋入材料11中之比例。具有黏著物之材料可尤其為具有水泥石材之黏著物的粗砂及/或砂粒。隨後,使粗糙材料13經受篩網14,在運用篩網14的情況下,可將砂粒17作為0mm至2mm之部分而移除。經由根據本發明之方法10而如此良好地純化此砂粒17以使得其可類似於混凝土生產中之初級砂粒而被使用。 By means of overspeed, the rough material 13 is removed from the preliminary preparation in the roll mill 12, the rough material 13 consisting essentially of the prepared coarse sand, sand and still adhering material, but the proportion thereof is significantly smaller than the proportion of the feed material 11 . The material with the adhesive may in particular be coarse sand and/or sand with an adhesive of cement stone. Subsequently, the rough material 13 is subjected to the screen 14, and in the case of the screen 14, the sand particles 17 can be removed as a part of 0 mm to 2 mm. This grit 17 is so well purified via the process 10 according to the invention such that it can be used similarly to the primary grit in concrete production.
隨後使具有超過2mm之大小的粗糙材料13經受密度揀選 構件15。此情形用來允許具有較高密度之經純化粗砂18自處理迴路排出。又將不具有足夠高密度之材料(此材料尤其為粗砂及/或砂粒,其上仍存在水泥石材之黏著物)饋入至輥磨機12中之床內磨耗。 The rough material 13 having a size of more than 2 mm is then subjected to density picking Member 15. This situation is used to allow the purified coarse sand 18 having a higher density to be discharged from the processing loop. Further, the material which does not have a sufficiently high density (especially the coarse sand and/or sand, on which the cement stone adhesive still exists) is fed into the bed in the roller mill 12 for wear.
另外,可設想一種方法,然而,該方法並未在本文中予以描述,其中亦將砂粒饋入至密度揀選構件以分離水泥石材之任何黏著物或可能仍存在於彼處之其他雜質且將其再次饋入至研磨機。 In addition, a method is conceivable, however, the method is not described herein, wherein sand is also fed to the density picking member to separate any adhesive of the cement stone or other impurities that may still be present there and Feed again to the grinder.
因此在運用根據本發明之方法10的情況下有可能能夠自經碾碎混凝土(尤其是混凝土顆粒11)提取粗砂18及砂粒17,該提取係以高純度而進行以使得此等成份可類似於初級粗砂及砂粒而用於混凝土生產中。因此達成遠比迄今可能的15%之速率更高的再循環速率。 Thus, in the case of the method 10 according to the invention, it is possible to extract the coarse sand 18 and the sand particles 17 from the milled concrete (especially the concrete particles 11), the extraction being carried out in high purity so that the components can be similar Used in concrete production in primary coarse sand and sand. A recirculation rate that is much higher than the rate of 15% possible to date is thus achieved.
可(例如)借助於風力分類器、空氣夾具及/或空氣流體化床揀選而將密度揀選實現為乾式密度揀選。替代地,亦可進行濕式密度揀選。然而,接著必須再次乾燥回饋至輥磨機12之材料。可能的實例濕式揀選方法為:沈降或遊動分離(靜態地及動態地兩者)、設定揀選、螺旋形分離器或爐床揀選以及流體化床揀選方法。 Density picking can be achieved as dry density picking, for example, by means of wind classifiers, air grips and/or air fluidized bed picking. Alternatively, wet density picking can also be performed. However, the material fed back to the roller mill 12 must then be dried again. Possible examples of wet picking methods are: settling or swimming separation (both statically and dynamically), setting picking, spiral separator or hearth picking, and fluidized bed picking methods.
下文將參看詳細圖2來更詳細地解釋輥磨機12及其用於床內磨耗之操作。 The roller mill 12 and its operation for in-bed wear will be explained in more detail below with reference to detail 2 .
圖2展示通過LOESCHE類型之垂直輥磨機30的示意性橫截面圖。輥磨機30之必需組件係由在研磨床41上輥軋之截頭圓錐體狀研磨輥31構成。在此處所展示之部分橫截面圖中,展示僅兩個研磨輥31。然而,亦可使用具有三個、四個、六個或更多研磨輥之垂直輥磨機30。 Figure 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a vertical roller mill 30 of the LOESCHE type. The necessary components of the roller mill 30 are constituted by a frustoconical grinding roller 31 rolled on the polishing bed 41. In the partial cross-sectional view shown here, only two grinding rolls 31 are shown. However, a vertical roller mill 30 having three, four, six or more grinding rolls can also be used.
研磨床41形成於研磨盤32上。研磨輥31自身(其亦可替 代地被描述為輥)設置於固定位置中,但可圍繞圖式所展示之軸線而旋轉。研磨盤32又(如所指示)可圍繞其中心軸線而旋轉。若研磨盤32旋轉,則存在於研磨床上之研磨材料42亦旋轉。據此將研磨輥31設定成經由研磨材料42與研磨輥31之外部輪廓之間的摩擦進行旋轉。 A polishing bed 41 is formed on the grinding disc 32. Grinding roller 31 itself (it can also be replaced The generation is described as a roller) placed in a fixed position, but rotatable about the axis shown in the drawings. The abrasive disk 32, in turn (as indicated), is rotatable about its central axis. If the grinding disc 32 rotates, the abrasive material 42 present on the polishing bed also rotates. Accordingly, the grinding roller 31 is set to rotate via friction between the abrasive material 42 and the outer contour of the grinding roller 31.
分類器34設置於研磨盤32上方,且可既被動態地又被靜態地設計。下文更詳細地描述根據本發明之床內磨耗製程。 The classifier 34 is disposed above the grinding disk 32 and can be designed both dynamically and statically. The in-bed abrading process in accordance with the present invention is described in more detail below.
將饋入或研磨材料42(例如,經碾碎混凝土)經由材料饋入件35而饋入至預備製程。據此將材料饋入件35形成為使得饋入材料42饋入於研磨盤32之中心區中。 The feed or abrasive material 42 (eg, milled concrete) is fed to the preparatory process via the material feedthrough 35. The material feedthrough 35 is thus formed such that the feed material 42 is fed into the central region of the abrasive disk 32.
經由研磨盤32之旋轉,一方面使研磨材料加速及另一方面向外螺旋形地輸送研磨材料,使得研磨輥31遍及研磨材料而輥軋。然而,對應於根據本發明之床內磨耗方法,研磨輥31係以不同於通常在輥磨機30中所知之方式的方式而操作。該等研磨輥據此基本上不用於研磨材料之壓力粉碎。 Via the rotation of the grinding disc 32, on the one hand, the abrasive material is accelerated and on the other hand, the abrasive material is spirally conveyed outwards, so that the grinding roller 31 is rolled over the abrasive material. However, in correspondence with the in-bed wear method according to the present invention, the grinding roller 31 is operated in a manner different from that generally known in the roller mill 30. The grinding rolls are thus essentially not used for pressure comminution of the abrasive material.
對應於根據本發明之方法,由研磨輥31僅僅將極低接觸壓力施加至研磨床41。此接觸壓力處於15kN/m2至最大值140kN/m2之範圍內。其較佳地尤其處於30kN/m2與80kN/m2之間的範圍內。此接觸壓力基本上用來將足夠大的剪切力併入至研磨床41中,使得彼處存在之粒子彼此往復地磨耗。 Corresponding to the method according to the invention, only very low contact pressure is applied by the grinding roller 31 to the grinding bed 41. This contact pressure is in the range of 15kN / m 2 to a maximum of 140kN / m 2 of. In particular, it is preferably in a range between 30kN / m 2 and 80kN / m 2. This contact pressure is basically used to incorporate a sufficiently large shear force into the grinding bed 41 such that the particles present there are worn back and forth with each other.
研磨輥通常具有高達2.8m之平均直徑,且具有高達45t之重量。在運用此大重量的情況下,將達成比在運用床內磨耗的情況下之可能最大值高得多的接觸壓力。出於此原因,提供一逆液壓系統(圖2中未 示),其用以抵消輥31之重力。此液壓系統可對研磨輥31之搖桿臂33施予負力。換言之,逆液壓系統衝壓至搖桿臂33上,使得輥31稍微上升且與其重力相反之力作用於該輥上。 Grinding rolls typically have an average diameter of up to 2.8 m and have a weight of up to 45 t. With this large weight, a contact pressure that is much higher than the maximum possible value in the case of wear in the bed will be achieved. For this reason, an inverse hydraulic system is provided (not shown in Figure 2). Shown) to counteract the gravity of the roller 31. This hydraulic system can apply a negative force to the rocker arm 33 of the grinding roller 31. In other words, the reverse hydraulic system is stamped onto the rocker arm 33 such that the roller 31 rises slightly and a force opposite to its gravity acts on the roller.
經由新研磨材料42之進一步饋入及研磨盤32(其亦可被描述為研磨板)之旋轉,位於研磨盤32上的已經部分地預備之材料被移位,且溢出固持輪緣36而到達研磨盤32與磨機外殼之間的間隙中。 Through the further feeding of the new abrasive material 42 and the rotation of the grinding disc 32 (which may also be described as a grinding plate), the partially prepared material on the grinding disc 32 is displaced and overflows to hold the rim 36 to reach The gap between the grinding disc 32 and the mill housing.
經由磨機在超速及空氣流模式兩者中之操作,在此時發生第一分類。超速處理材料之一比例係藉由在分類器34之方向上自下方流入的製程空氣37而輸送,藉此另一比例可作為超速粗糙材料而自處理迴路移除。 The first classification occurs at this time by operation of the mill in both the overspeed and air flow modes. One of the ratios of the overspeed processing material is delivered by process air 37 flowing in from the direction in the direction of the classifier 34, whereby another ratio can be removed from the processing loop as an overspeed rough material.
用於第一分類之必需特徵為所供應的製程空氣37之數量。 另外,分類亦可受到葉片環38影響。據此結合葉片環38來調整製程空氣37,使得基本上可作為超速粗糙材料51而自處理迴路移除粗砂及砂粒。接著使此超速粗糙材料經受篩選,如參看圖1所描述。 An essential feature for the first classification is the amount of process air 37 supplied. In addition, the classification can also be affected by the blade ring 38. Accordingly, the process air 37 is adjusted in conjunction with the blade ring 38 such that coarse sand and sand are substantially removed from the processing loop as the overspeed rough material 51. This overspeed rough material is then subjected to screening as described with reference to FIG.
亦可作為超速粗糙材料51而自處理迴路移除具有尚未足夠地磨耗之水泥石材的粗砂及/或砂粒之黏著材料。如已經關於圖1所陳述,隨後將該等黏著材料與新的經碾碎混凝土一起回饋至處理迴路。 It is also possible to use as the overspeed rough material 51 to remove the adhering material of the coarse sand and/or sand having the cement stone which has not been sufficiently worn out from the treatment circuit. As already stated with respect to Figure 1, the adhesive materials are then fed back to the processing loop along with the new milled concrete.
經由製程空氣及視情況提供之葉片環,進行第一分類,其可被視為密度揀選。 The first classification is performed via process air and optionally blade rings, which can be considered as density picking.
經吹入之製程空氣37尤其攜載經粉碎水泥石材且亦攜載具有黏著水泥石材之砂粒粒子至分類器34。此處發生第二分類。此第二分類又亦為密度揀選。 The blown process air 37 carries, in particular, the pulverized cement stone and also carries sand particles with cemented stone to the classifier 34. The second classification occurs here. This second category is also selected for density.
此處,在使用分類器34的情況下,尤其自處理迴路排出經 足夠粉碎之水泥石材。在製程空氣出口處運用外出製程空氣而自處理迴路移除此經粉碎水泥石材。 Here, in the case of using the classifier 34, especially from the processing loop A cement stone that is crushed enough. The pulverized cement stone is removed from the process loop by using the process air at the process air outlet.
將經不足粉碎之水泥石材或包含水泥石材及砂粒之黏著材料經由粗砂圓錐體40而回饋至研磨盤32,且在彼處饋入至一另外床內磨耗。 The insufficiently comminuted cement stone or the cement material comprising the cement stone and the sand material is fed back to the grinding disc 32 via the coarse sand cone 40 and fed into an additional bed at the other.
另外,輥速度感測器46設置於輥31上,輥速度感測器46在操作期間偵測輥31之速度。此情形係必要的,此係因為經由低衝壓力可引起輥旋轉得太緩慢,在運用低衝壓力的情況下,將輥31衝壓至床內磨耗中之研磨床上。若借助於輥速度感測器46而偵測到此旋轉,則可暫時增加衝壓力以便因此增加輥之旋轉。 In addition, the roller speed sensor 46 is disposed on the roller 31, and the roller speed sensor 46 detects the speed of the roller 31 during operation. This is necessary because the roller can be rotated too slowly via the low pressure, and the roller 31 is stamped onto the grinding bed in the in-bed wear with low punch pressure. If this rotation is detected by means of the roller speed sensor 46, the punching force can be temporarily increased to thereby increase the rotation of the roller.
根據本發明之方法及成功床內磨耗的必需特徵係將研磨床設計為足夠高,使得存在饋入材料之足夠粒子以允許往復磨耗。下文將在圖3中更詳細地解釋用於研磨床之可能影響值。 An essential feature of the method according to the invention and successful in-bed wear is that the grinding bed is designed to be sufficiently high that there are sufficient particles fed into the material to allow for reciprocating wear. The possible influence values for the grinding bed will be explained in more detail below in FIG.
圖3展示圖2之輥磨機30之切斷。此處進一步使用與圖2中相同之參考數字。 Figure 3 shows the cutting of the roller mill 30 of Figure 2. The same reference numerals as in FIG. 2 are further used herein.
為了影響研磨床高度s,基本上可得到饋入質量流量mm,in、研磨輥31之衝壓力FW、研磨盤速度nS、固持輪緣36之高度h,及內部循環流量。此處未在圖3中展示內部循環流量。其基本上為由考量饋入質量流量mm,in之一部分的分類器去除的材料。 In order to influence the height s of the grinding bed, the feed mass flow rate m m , in , the punching force F W of the grinding roller 31 , the grinding disk speed n S , the height h of the holding rim 36, and the internal circulation flow rate are basically obtained. The internal circulation flow is not shown here in Figure 3. Substantially by the mass feed flow rate considerations m m, in the portion of material removed classifier.
下文將更詳細地解釋個別設定參數之影響,在每一狀況下皆假定就此而論之其他參數保持恆定。此處之目標係使研磨床高度s變化,尤其是在輥31下方,亦即,在輥31與研磨盤32之間。此區域亦被稱為研磨間隙。 The effects of the individual set parameters are explained in more detail below, and in each case it is assumed that the other parameters are kept constant. The aim here is to vary the height s of the grinding bed, in particular below the roller 31, that is to say between the roller 31 and the grinding disc 32. This area is also known as the grinding gap.
以一簡單方式,可經由影響接觸壓力的輥31之衝壓力FW之變化而使研磨床高度s變化。接觸壓力為直接地在輥下方作用於研磨床上之力。若輥之衝壓力FW增加,則研磨材料被較大地壓縮或粉碎成使得研磨床高度s縮減。反之亦然,若運用較低衝壓力FW將輥31衝壓至研磨床41上,則研磨床高度s增加。 In a simple manner, the height s of the grinding bed can be varied via a change in the pressing force F W of the roller 31 which affects the contact pressure. The contact pressure is the force acting directly on the grinding bed below the roller. If the punching pressure F W of the roller is increased, the abrasive material is largely compressed or pulverized such that the grinding bed height s is reduced. Vice versa, if the roll 31 is punched onto the grinding bed 41 with a lower punching force F W , the height s of the grinding bed increases.
饋入質量流量mm,in之增加會增加研磨床高度s。若每時間單位較多的材料饋入至研磨盤32,則較多研磨材料位於研磨盤32上,其中該研磨材料在該研磨盤上之停留時間被假定為相等。自此情形強迫地可見磨機上之質量流量mm,on亦增加。因為在研磨盤32上因此存在較多材料,所以研磨床高度s亦較高。 The increase in the feed mass flow m m , in increases the height s of the grinding bed. If more material per time unit is fed to the grinding disc 32, more abrasive material is located on the grinding disc 32, wherein the residence time of the abrasive material on the grinding disc is assumed to be equal. From this situation it is forcibly seen that the mass flow m m,on on the mill also increases. Since there is therefore more material on the grinding disc 32, the height s of the grinding bed is also higher.
饋入質量流量mm,in之影響可以兩種方式而發生。一方面,每時間單位可將較多饋入材料饋入至輥磨機30。另一方面,可不同地設定分類器,使得在分類器處存在較高去除率,此意謂較多材料回饋至研磨盤32。亦可藉由增加製程空氣流而增加去除率,此係因為:在此狀況下,較少研磨材料作為粗糙材料而自處理迴路向下移除,而是作為潛在細料而輸送至分類器。饋入質量流量mm,in及內部循環流量基本上影響排出質量流量mm,out。若內部循環流量增加,則參考增加之循環負載。換言之,較多材料位於磨機內之預備迴路中。在不同表達模式中,此意謂排出質量流量mm,out至少隨著時間而縮減。若饋入質量流量mm,in增加,因此較多饋入材料饋入至磨機,則排出質量流量mm,out亦強迫地增加。 The effect of feeding the mass flow m m,in can occur in two ways. In one aspect, more feed material can be fed to the roller mill 30 per unit of time. On the other hand, the classifier can be set differently such that there is a higher removal rate at the classifier, which means more material is fed back to the grinding disk 32. The removal rate can also be increased by increasing the process air flow because, in this case, less abrasive material is removed as a rough material from the processing loop, but rather as a potential fine material to the classifier. The feed mass flow m m,in and the internal circulation flow substantially affect the discharge mass flow m m,out . If the internal circulation flow increases, refer to the increased cyclic load. In other words, more material is located in the preparatory loop within the mill. In different expression modes, this means that the discharge mass flow m m, out is reduced at least over time. If the feed mass flow m m,in increases, so that more feed material is fed into the mill, the discharge mass flow m m,out is also forced to increase.
用於使研磨床高度變化之不同可能性係增加盤速度nS。若此盤速度增加,則研磨床高度s縮減。較高研磨盤速度nS縮減待處理材料在 研磨盤32上之停留時間。因此,研磨盤上之質量流量mm,on亦變得較低。研磨床高度s據此亦強迫地減低。 The different possibilities for varying the height of the grinding bed are to increase the disk speed n S . If the disk speed is increased, the grinding bed height s is reduced. The higher grinding disc speed n S reduces the residence time of the material to be treated on the grinding disc 32. Therefore, the mass flow rate m m,on on the grinding disc also becomes lower. The height s of the grinding bed is also forced to decrease accordingly.
用於影響研磨床高度s之一另外可能性為固持輪緣36。若其高度h增加,則較多材料積聚於研磨板上。此意謂:原則上,較多材料必須存在於研磨盤32上以便使其可以排出質量流量mm,out而自研磨盤32流動。 One additional possibility for influencing the height s of the grinding bed is to hold the rim 36. If the height h is increased, more material accumulates on the polishing plate. This means that, in principle, more material must be present on the grinding disc 32 so that it can discharge the mass flow m m, out and flow from the grinding disc 32.
此處所陳述之所有參數的必需特徵為:此等參數彼此往復地影響。較高固持輪緣36一方面確實實際上導致較高研磨床,另一方面亦導致饋入材料在研磨盤32上之較長停留時間。相依於輥31之衝壓力FW,此情形導致該等輥之間的較好磨耗,而且在某些情況下導致不良的長應力時期且因此總而言之在某些情況下導致較低產出率。 An essential feature of all the parameters stated herein is that these parameters reciprocally influence each other. The higher holding rim 36 does on the one hand actually result in a higher grinding bed and on the other hand results in a longer residence time of the feed material on the grinding disk 32. Depending on the pressing force F W of the roller 31, this situation results in better wear between the rollers and, in some cases, a poor long stress period and thus in some cases leads to a lower yield in some cases.
作為實例,此處以組合方式展示根據本發明之方法及根據本發明之垂直輥磨機的個別特徵。然而,顯然亦可個別地使用此等特徵中之每一者。 As an example, the individual features of the method according to the invention and the vertical roller mill according to the invention are shown here in combination. However, it is apparent that each of these features can also be used individually.
同樣地,尤其是在圖1及圖2中,實例係關於經碾碎混凝土之預備。然而,根據本發明之方法亦可用以預備及分離許多不同合成的多物質系統。舉例而言,輥磨機中之床內磨耗(換言之,其促進待處理材料之僅僅摩擦應力且不構成任何實際粉碎)亦可用於天然石板之預備,天然石板由泥質葉岩及雜質(諸如,石灰、礦石或其他有機成份)組成。據此必需的是確保天然石板之摩擦應力以便產生經研磨石板,其中不管其精細度,個別粒子持續具有板狀形式。 Likewise, especially in Figures 1 and 2, the examples relate to the preparation of milled concrete. However, the method according to the invention can also be used to prepare and separate many different synthetic multi-material systems. For example, in-bed wear in a roll mill (in other words, it promotes only the frictional stress of the material to be treated and does not constitute any actual comminution) can also be used for the preparation of natural slate, which consists of argillaceous rock and impurities (such as , composed of lime, ore or other organic ingredients. It is therefore necessary to ensure the frictional stress of the natural slate in order to produce a ground slate, wherein the individual particles continue to have a plate-like form, regardless of their fineness.
類似地,該方法適於處理由層狀矽酸鹽及可能雜質組成的雲 母。迄今為止,已利用主要純沈積物。然而,此僅為如下狀況:自迄今為止以來不知道用於乾式磨耗及分離之合適預備方法。 Similarly, the method is suitable for treating clouds consisting of layered citrate and possibly impurities mother. To date, major pure deposits have been utilized. However, this is only the case where a suitable preliminary method for dry abrasion and separation has not been known so far.
根據本發明之方法亦可用以預備含有由高嶺土、長石及石英砂粒組成之工業砂粒的高嶺土。石墨礦石(其係由石墨及礦石基質構成)及黏土或膨潤土(其受到砂粒或非層狀矽酸鹽污染,以及經由用於分離黏性成份之重礦物砂粒之磨耗而崩潰)之使用及預備以及下文中的金紅石、鋯石、鈦鐵礦等等自包覆砂質小部份之密度分離在運用根據本發明之方法的情況下係可能的。甚至可預備FeCr渣,其由消解渣、對應金屬及在某些情況下之穩定化渣組成。然而,此處之必需特徵為:金屬成份必須為非延性成份,否則根據本發明之方法的磨耗係不可能的,否則不能實現根據本發明之含義的摩擦應力。 The method according to the invention can also be used to prepare kaolin containing industrial grit consisting of kaolin, feldspar and quartz grit. Use and preparation of graphite ore (which consists of graphite and ore substrates) and clay or bentonite (which is contaminated by sand or non-layered tantalate and collapsed by the wear of heavy mineral sand used to separate viscous components) And the density separation of the rutile, zircon, ilmenite or the like from the coated sand fraction below is possible in the case of applying the method according to the invention. It is even possible to prepare FeCr slag which consists of digested slag, corresponding metals and, in some cases, stabilized slag. However, an essential feature here is that the metal component must be a non-ductile component, otherwise the abrasion according to the method of the invention is not possible, otherwise the frictional stress according to the meaning of the invention cannot be achieved.
在運用根據本發明之方法及根據本發明之輥磨機的情況下,因此有可能簡單地且有效地預備及分離合成的多物質系統。 In the case of the use of the method according to the invention and the roller mill according to the invention, it is therefore possible to prepare and separate the synthetic multi-material system simply and efficiently.
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