TW201520498A - 透過以可變能耗低溫分離空氣來提取氧之方法與裝置 - Google Patents

透過以可變能耗低溫分離空氣來提取氧之方法與裝置 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
TW201520498A
TW201520498A TW103123842A TW103123842A TW201520498A TW 201520498 A TW201520498 A TW 201520498A TW 103123842 A TW103123842 A TW 103123842A TW 103123842 A TW103123842 A TW 103123842A TW 201520498 A TW201520498 A TW 201520498A
Authority
TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
air
condenser
nitrogen
amount
pressure column
Prior art date
Application number
TW103123842A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
TWI628401B (zh
Inventor
Dimitri Goloubev
Lars Kirchner
Original Assignee
Linde Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde Ag filed Critical Linde Ag
Publication of TW201520498A publication Critical patent/TW201520498A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of TWI628401B publication Critical patent/TWI628401B/zh

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
    • F25J3/04836—Variable air feed, i.e. "load" or product demand during specified periods, e.g. during periods with high respectively low power costs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/04054—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04024—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of purified feed air, so-called boosted air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/0406—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04157—Afterstage cooling and so-called "pre-cooling" of the feed air upstream the air purification unit and main heat exchange line
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04163—Hot end purification of the feed air
    • F25J3/04169—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04163—Hot end purification of the feed air
    • F25J3/04169—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities
    • F25J3/04181—Regenerating the adsorbents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04193—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions
    • F25J3/04206—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions including a so-called "auxiliary vaporiser" for vaporising and producing a gaseous product
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04218—Parallel arrangement of the main heat exchange line in cores having different functions, e.g. in low pressure and high pressure cores
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04254—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using the cold stored in external cryogenic fluids
    • F25J3/0426—The cryogenic component does not participate in the fractionation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04309—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04333—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04351—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04418—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system with thermally overlapping high and low pressure columns
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04424—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system without thermally coupled high and low pressure columns, i.e. a so-called split columns
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04472—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the cold from cryogenic liquids produced within the air fractionation unit and stored in internal or intermediate storages
    • F25J3/04496—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the cold from cryogenic liquids produced within the air fractionation unit and stored in internal or intermediate storages for compensating variable air feed or variable product demand by alternating between periods of liquid storage and liquid assist
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04563—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating
    • F25J3/04575—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating for a gas expansion plant, e.g. dilution of the combustion gas in a gas turbine
    • F25J3/04581—Hot gas expansion of indirect heated nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04612—Heat exchange integration with process streams, e.g. from the air gas consuming unit
    • F25J3/04618—Heat exchange integration with process streams, e.g. from the air gas consuming unit for cooling an air stream fed to the air fractionation unit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
    • F25J3/0483—Rapid load change of the air fractionation unit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04854—Safety aspects of operation
    • F25J3/0486—Safety aspects of operation of vaporisers for oxygen enriched liquids, e.g. purging of liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04872—Vertical layout of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, heat exchangers etc.
    • F25J3/04878—Side by side arrangement of multiple vessels in a main column system, wherein the vessels are normally mounted one upon the other or forming different sections of the same column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04872—Vertical layout of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, heat exchangers etc.
    • F25J3/04884—Arrangement of reboiler-condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04951—Arrangements of multiple air fractionation units or multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple trains in a network
    • F25J3/04957—Arrangements of multiple air fractionation units or multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple trains in a network and inter-connecting equipments upstream of the fractionation unit (s), i.e. at the "front-end"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
    • F25J3/0605—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
    • F25J3/063—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/066—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream separation of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/04—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J2200/06—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flow-sheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/50—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification using multiple (re-)boiler-condensers at different heights of the column
    • F25J2200/54—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification using multiple (re-)boiler-condensers at different heights of the column in the low pressure column of a double pressure main column system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/30—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using a washing, e.g. "scrubbing" or bubble column for purification purposes
    • F25J2205/32—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using a washing, e.g. "scrubbing" or bubble column for purification purposes as direct contact cooling tower to produce a cooled gas stream, e.g. direct contact after cooler [DCAC]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/30—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using a washing, e.g. "scrubbing" or bubble column for purification purposes
    • F25J2205/34—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using a washing, e.g. "scrubbing" or bubble column for purification purposes as evaporative cooling tower to produce chilled water, e.g. evaporative water chiller [EWC]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/60—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using adsorption on solid adsorbents, e.g. by temperature-swing adsorption [TSA] at the hot or cold end
    • F25J2205/62—Purifying more than one feed stream in multiple adsorption vessels, e.g. for two feed streams at different pressures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/60—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using adsorption on solid adsorbents, e.g. by temperature-swing adsorption [TSA] at the hot or cold end
    • F25J2205/66—Regenerating the adsorption vessel, e.g. kind of reactivation gas
    • F25J2205/70—Heating the adsorption vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/50—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/04—Compressor cooling arrangement, e.g. inter- or after-stage cooling or condensate removal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/24—Multiple compressors or compressor stages in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/42—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
    • F25J2235/52—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being oxygen enriched compared to air ("crude oxygen")
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/70—Steam turbine, e.g. used in a Rankine cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/04—Down-flowing type boiler-condenser, i.e. with evaporation of a falling liquid film
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/40—One fluid being air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/50—One fluid being oxygen

Abstract

該方法及該裝置係透過以可變能耗低溫分離空氣來提取氧。一蒸餾塔系統，其具有高壓塔(34)、低壓塔(35)及主冷凝器(36)、輔助冷凝器(26)與附加冷凝器(37)。提取自該高壓塔(34)之氣態氮(41,42)在該主冷凝器(36)內藉由與該低壓塔(35)之中間液體(43)進行間接熱交換而液化。提取自該低壓塔(35)底層之第一液氧流(70)在輔助冷凝器(26)內藉由與所用空氣(25b)進行間接熱交換而蒸發，以便提取氣態氧產品(72)。該附加冷凝器用作該低壓塔(35)之底層加熱裝置且由提取自該蒸餾塔系統之第一氮流(44)加熱，該第一氮流此前在冷壓縮機(45)內被壓縮。與能耗較高之第一操作模式相比，在能耗較低之第二操作模式下，更少所用空氣(1)在設備之主空氣壓縮機(3)內被壓縮至更低壓力，更少液氧(70)自該低壓塔(35)被導入該輔助冷凝器(26)，且更多氮在該冷壓縮機(45)內被壓縮。此外，該第二操作模式下進一步向該輔助冷凝器(26)輸送第二液氧流(73)。

Description

透過以可變能耗低溫分離空氣來提取氧之方法與裝置
本發明係有關一種如請求項1前言所述之方法。本發明之方法與裝置特別適用於氣態不純氧之提取。“不純氧”在此係指純度低於98mol-%之產品。
用於低溫分離空氣之方法與裝置例如披露於Hausen/Linde,Tieftemperaturtechnik,2.Auflage 1985,Kapitel 4(Hausen/Linde，低溫技術，1985年第2版，第4章，第281至337頁)。
蒸餾塔系統可構造成雙塔系統(例如經典Linde雙塔系統)，或者亦可構造成三塔或多塔系統。除氮氧分離塔外，該系統還可具有用於提取高純度產品及/或其他空氣組分特別是稀有氣體之其他裝置，例如提氬裝置及/或氪氙提取裝置。
“低壓塔”在此係指統一蒸餾區，該區壓力恆定，但物質交換元件上存在自然壓力損失。此蒸餾區可設於一或數個容器內。
“主熱交換器”用於冷卻與蒸餾塔系統回流進行間接熱交換之所用空氣(Einsatzluft)。其可由單獨一個熱交換器段或數個並聯及/或串聯熱交換器段(例如一或數個板式熱交換器塊)構成。
“冷凝蒸發器”係指可供第一冷凝流體流與第二蒸發流體流發生間接熱交換之熱交換器。任一冷凝蒸發器皆具有分別由液化通道或蒸發通道構成之液化室及蒸發室。第一流體流在液化室內冷凝(液化)，第二流體流在蒸發室內蒸發。蒸發室及液化室由相互間存在熱交換關係之成組通道構成。
“輔助冷凝器”係指實際僅用於將潛熱自冷凝製程流反向於第二冷凝製程流間接轉移至蒸發製程流且不適合或大體不適合用來轉移顯熱之冷凝蒸發器。其透過一熱交換器而實現，該熱交換器與其他熱交換器分離設置，該等其他熱交換器特別指主熱交換器或過冷式逆流熱交換器，二者通常僅用於或主要用於純氣態流之熱交換。
流之“量”在此係指例如以Nm3/h為單位測得之質量流量。
本申請將一再述及如質量流量或壓力等處理參數，其在一操作模式下“小於”或“大於”另一操作模式。此係利用控制裝置及/或調節裝置選擇性改變相應參數所得之結果，而非穩態運行時之自然波動。藉由調節參數自身可直接實現此等選擇性改變，若透過調節其他參數，再由其施加影響於待改變參數，便可間接實現選擇性改變。特定言之，所謂參數“大於”或“小於”係指不同操作模式下參數平均值之差超過2%，特別是超過5%，尤其超過10%。
“第一液氧流”乃是提取自低壓塔且被導入輔助冷凝器之蒸發室的液氧質量流。其可為提取自低壓塔之液氧的總量。然而，若例如進一步自低壓塔提取液氧產品並將其送入液罐，則第一液氧流亦可僅由提取自低壓塔之液氧的一部分構成。若一液氧產品係提取自輔助冷凝器之蒸發室，則該液氧產品通常由“第一液氧流”的一部分構成。反之，除第一液氧流外，原則上可將額外液氧送入輔助冷凝器。
“第二液氧流”係為被導入輔助冷凝器之蒸發室的液氧總量與第一液氧流之差。該第二液氧流例如提取自液罐。此液罐可僅由外源填充，僅填充來自低壓塔之液氧(如Springmann，見下)，或者亦可部分填充外來液氧，部分填充形成於蒸餾塔系統，特別是形成於低壓塔或輔助冷凝器之蒸發室的液氧。
前述類型之方法及相應裝置披露於Springmann,“Energieeinsparung”,Linde-Symposium,“Luftzerlegungsanlagen”, 4.Arbeitstagung der Linde AG vom 15.-17.10.1980,Artikel H(Springmann，“節能”，Linde“空氣分離設備”論文集，Linde股份公司舉行於1980年10月15日至17日之第四次研討會，論文H)。該文揭露一種藉由兩液罐而實現之後備儲存製程(Wechselspeicherprozess)。但此製程係依據變動能源成本採用變動操作模式，而非在產品數量變動條件下以蒸餾塔系統之恆定流量運行。能源價格低廉時生產儲備氧並將其儲存於一液罐。能源價格高昂時減少空氣量並提取部分儲備氧產品。如此，在儲存氧上所做之分離功便可用於儲能。根據此技術原理，能源價格低廉時期係在設備內用液氧替換液態空氣，亦即，將液氧移入罐體並將等量液態空氣自相應罐體送入蒸餾塔系統。反之，電價高昂時期則將液氧自罐體送入系統並儲存液態空氣。由此，實際僅儲存氧分子用於儲能；主空氣壓縮機在電價高昂時期須相應減少待分離空氣之補充供應量。
本發明之目的在於改良前述方法之儲能效率。
請求項1之特徵部分為本發明用以達成該目的之解決方案。
與Springmann所用之經典Linde雙塔系統不同，該主冷凝器構造成中間蒸發器而非低壓塔之底層蒸發器。其可設於低壓塔內部或一單獨容器內。用附加冷凝器加熱低壓塔底層，用冷壓縮氮流加熱該附加冷凝器。提取自低壓塔下部區域之氧流在附加冷凝器內蒸發，其較佳來自物質交換元件(填料或塔板)之最底層，此時附加冷凝器安裝於低壓塔之容器內；作為替代方案，尤其當附加冷凝器設於一單獨容器內時，可自低壓塔底層提取該氧流。在兩種情況下，送往輔助冷凝器之第一液氧流較佳皆提取自附加冷凝器之蒸發室(若附加冷凝器安裝於塔內，則該蒸發室同時構成低壓塔底層)。其中，所有冷凝蒸發器皆可實施為浴蒸發器(Badverdampfer)、降膜蒸發器或其他類型之冷凝蒸發器。
此種冷凝器配置雖已披露於US 6626008 B1或US 2008115531 A1，但僅適用於穩態運行之製程。在內壓縮製程中，液氧流係在亦用於冷卻所用水之主熱交換器而非單獨的輔助冷凝器內蒸發。US 2008115531 A1雖指出以可變能耗操作；但此製程僅能達到較小變化範圍。
熟習該項技藝者最初會因在冷壓縮機內被壓縮之第一氮量發生變化而感到畏懼，因為此變化表明附加冷凝器運行有變，低壓塔內之蒸餾操作亦有變，從而原則上導致分離效率下降，不良情形下可能強烈影響塔內物質交換。
惟在本發明範圍內發現，藉由改變在冷壓縮機內被壓縮且用於加熱低壓塔底層之氮量，不僅可有效利用待進給液氧中所包含之分離功，亦能有效利用其所含之冷(Kälte)(為了部分回收與之相關的液化投入)。具體解釋如下：第二操作模式下提高附加冷凝器蒸發率並相應減小主冷凝器蒸發率。提高附加冷凝器蒸發率能提高氣體負載並減小低壓塔最後一(下部)區段之回流比。其結果為，有待在主冷凝器內蒸發之液體的含氧量下降，高壓塔內壓力(基本等於扣除壓力損失之主空氣壓縮機出口壓力)相應減小。由於主空氣壓縮機上壓力比減小(作為減量措施之補充)，第二操作模式下每儲存一定量之LOX便可節約大量能源。
反之，US 2008115531 A1既非影響回流比，亦非影響主冷凝器蒸發率。其雖改變輔助冷凝器蒸發率，然此舉僅係為了蒸發酌情由外部進給之液氧而為，故而既不能減小主冷凝器蒸發率，亦無法減小高壓塔操作壓力及主空氣壓縮機出口壓力。
在本發明範圍內，若非藉由一或數個執行元件如節流閥以人工方式減小主空氣壓縮機出口與高壓塔入口間之壓力，便不必採用特殊的控制或調節措施來減小主空氣壓縮機出口壓力。
在本發明另一技術方案範圍內，第一氮流於冷壓縮機下游及附加冷凝器之液化室上游在主熱交換器內被冷卻。在此情況下，冷壓縮機之壓縮熱消減於主熱交換器而非附加蒸發器。該附加蒸發器由此而特別高效，尤其在第二操作模式下。總體而言，第二操作模式下可節約更多能量。
此外如請求項3所述，第二操作模式下可斷開或停轉膨脹機。
與Springmann的工藝不同，本發明較佳在第二操作模式下不產生液態空氣並將其儲存於液罐。另外與其他傳統後備儲存製程不同，本發明較佳在第二操作模式下亦不產生液氮形式之蒸餾塔系統餾份並將其儲存於液罐。
根據本發明另一技術方案，在主空氣壓縮機內被壓縮之空氣在其進入主熱交換器之入口上游分流成第一及第二分空氣流，其中該第二分空氣流在增壓壓縮機內被進一步壓縮，並且該再壓縮第二分空氣流被導入輔助冷凝器之液化室並於該處至少部分液化。其中，總空氣在主空氣壓縮機內僅需被壓縮至加上管線損失之高壓塔操作壓力。
藉由為空氣使用增壓壓縮機，可在一遠高於低壓塔操作壓力之壓力下提取氣態氧產品。但在本發明中，增壓壓縮機具有另一有益效果，即使在非遠高於低壓塔壓力之壓力下提取氧產品，亦能實現此有益效果。亦即，增壓壓縮機能減小運行附加冷凝器所需之冷壓縮機功率。
所用空氣可於空氣淨化裝置上游或下游完成分流。第一種情況下需專門為兩壓力水平設置包含子單元之淨化裝置。有關特別適用於本發明方法之空氣淨化系統的描述請參閱同一申請人之國際申請說明書WO 2013053425 A2。
本發明可自高壓塔氣態提取第二氮流，在主熱交換器內加熱該第二氮流並作為氣態加壓氮產品提取之。藉此可以較低成本提取加壓 氮作為附加氣態產品。
作為替代或補充方案，可在第一操作模式或兩操作模式下使用提取自高壓塔之氮製冷，具體方式為：自高壓塔氣態提取第三氮流，在主熱交換器內將該第三氮流加熱至中間溫度，而後使其較佳在前述以可變模式運行之膨脹式渦輪機內膨脹做功。作為替代方案，亦可在噴射渦輪機(Einblaseturbine)內製冷，所用空氣的一部分在該噴射渦輪機內膨脹做功至低壓塔壓力並被直接送入低壓塔。
低壓塔與高壓塔原則上可並排設置。在本發明中，若低壓塔與高壓塔上下堆疊設置，即形成經典雙塔，便能使結構特別緊湊。其中，主冷凝器及附加冷凝器較佳安裝於雙塔內，具體方式係將低壓塔及兩冷凝器設於一共用容器內。
尤其在該等塔上下堆疊設置之情況下，較佳地，於低壓塔頂部進給之回流液體至少部分，特定言之全部由產生於附加冷凝器內之液氮的一部分構成。該液氮壓力高於主冷凝器內所形成的氮，故可不借助於泵而流向低壓塔頂部。在此情況下，儘管塔上下堆疊設置，但較佳僅需設置單獨一個低溫製程泵(Prozesspumpe)，即用於將高壓塔底層液體運送至低壓塔上的適配進給點。(視情況用於在輔助冷凝器上游提高液氧壓力之泵在此不屬於“製程泵”。)
本發明另亦關於一種如請求項11所述透過以可變能耗低溫分離空氣來提取氧之裝置。可用對應於相關方法請求項之特徵的設備特徵補充本發明之裝置。
“用於在第一與第二操作模式間切換之手段”係指能透過共同作用而在兩操作模式間實現至少部分自動切換的複合型調控裝置，例如經相應程式化之操作控制系統。
下面結合圖式中以示意圖形式示出之實施例詳細闡述本發明及本發明之其他技術細節。
下面先結合第一操作模式(在此指能源價格較低時的正常操作)說明圖1所示之方法。主空氣壓縮機(MAC=Main Air Compressor)3透過過濾器2抽吸大氣空氣1(AIR)並將其壓縮至例如3.6bar之壓力。第一直接接觸冷卻器5以直接逆流方式用水預冷經主空氣壓縮機壓縮之總空氣流4。總空氣流6於第一直接接觸冷卻器5下游分流成第一分空氣流10與第二分空氣流20。
第一分空氣流10在第一淨化單元11內被淨化並在扣除管線損失之主空氣壓縮機出口壓力下由管線12送往主熱交換器之熱端。在實施例中，該主熱交換器由空氣側並聯之兩區段32、33構成，此二區段較佳皆由板式熱交換器塊構成。已淨化第一分流12的最大部分13被送入第一區段32，於該處被大體冷卻至露點並由管線14送入蒸餾塔系統之高壓塔34。該蒸餾塔系統還具有低壓塔35及三個冷凝蒸發器，即主冷凝器36、附加冷凝器37及輔助冷凝器26。主冷凝器及附加冷凝器實施為降膜蒸發器，輔助冷凝器實施為浴蒸發器。在實施例中，高壓塔34之操作壓力約為3.27bar，低壓塔35之操作壓力約為1.28bar(皆於塔頂測得)。
第二分空氣流20約占總空氣量6的四分之一，其在增壓壓縮機(BAC=Booster Air Compressor)21被再壓縮至例如5.1bar。第二直接接觸冷卻器23以直接逆流方式用水預冷再壓縮第二分空氣流22。預冷第二分空氣流於第二直接接觸冷卻器23下游在第二淨化單元24內被淨 化。淨化第二分空氣流25a在增壓壓縮機21扣除管線損失之出口壓力下被送往主熱交換器32之熱端並於該處被冷卻。冷卻第二分流25b在輔助冷凝器26內至少部分液化，較佳完全或大體上完全液化，且其第一部分經節流閥28於一中間位置處被送入高壓塔34。第二部分29穿過過冷式逆流熱交換器30並經節流閥31於一中間位置處被送入低壓塔35。
自高壓塔34之下部區域液態提取氧富集底層餾份38並用泵39將其經過冷式逆流熱交換器30及節流閥40送入低壓塔35。
透過管線41自高壓塔34頂部提取氣態氮。該氣態氮的第一部分42被導入主冷凝器36之液化室並於該處遇一來自低壓塔35之蒸發中間餾份43而至少部分液化。其間所產生的液氮43被送回高壓塔34之頂部並於該處用作回流。
提取自高壓塔34頂部之氣態氮41的第二部分作為“第一氮流”44在冷壓縮機45內被壓縮至約4.8bar。冷壓縮第一氮流46在主熱交換器32內被再度冷卻至露點左右，由管線47導入附加冷凝器37之液化室並於該處藉由與低壓塔35之部分蒸發底層液體66進行間接熱交換而至少部分液化。其間產生液氮48，其第一部分49作為回流經過冷式逆流熱交換器30及節流閥50被送往低壓塔35之頂部；其第二部分51作為回流被送往高壓塔34。
提取自高壓塔34頂部之氣態氮41的第三部分由管線53導向主熱交換器32之冷端。其中的一部分被加熱至環境溫度，經管線54作為“第二氮流”被提取並作為氣態加壓氮產品(PGAN-Pressurized Gaseous Nitrogen)被放出。另一部分55同樣被完全加熱且在設備內部起輔助作用，例如用作密封氣。(此種加壓氮產品及/或含氮輔助氣體之提取在本發明所有實施方式中皆為可行但非必要。此亦適用於圖2及圖3所示之系統。)
提取自高壓塔34頂部之氣態氮41的另一部分56在主熱交換器32內於一中間溫度下作為“第三氮流”分流並在構造成冷發電機用渦輪機之膨脹機57內膨脹至略微超過大氣壓力。膨脹做功的第三氮流58在主熱交換器32內被加熱至環境溫度左右。熱第三氮流59若非經管線60、61直接排放入大氣(ATM)，則其酌情在其中一利用冷凝水蒸氣(STEAM)運行之再生氣體加熱器64、65內加熱後在淨化裝置11、24中用作再生氣體62、63。
來自低壓塔頂部之殘餘氣體67在過冷式逆流熱交換器30及主熱交換器32內被加熱且最後經管線68作為乾氣被送入一用於冷卻冷卻水之蒸發式冷卻器。
液氧作為“第一液氧流”在約1.5bar之壓力下由管線70導入輔助冷凝器26之蒸發室並於該處幾乎完全蒸發。蒸發氧71在主熱交換器32內被加熱並透過管線72作為氣態氧產品(GOX)被提取。來自輔助冷凝器26之蒸發室的沖洗液75在泵76內達到超臨界壓力且在主熱交換器之區段33內遇空氣流14而假蒸發並被加熱。而後對加熱流實施節流操作並將其添加於熱氣態氧產品，從僅提供單一氧產品。
設於液氧罐74與輔助冷凝器26之蒸發室間的管線73在第一操作模式下不通流。
第二操作模式則是將液氧作為“第二液氧流”自液罐74經管線73導入輔助冷凝器。此外與第一操作模式相比，以下述方式改變下列處理參數：- 將冷壓縮機45之功率自70%提高至100%。(在冷壓縮機內被壓縮的氮量僅提高8%左右。藉由根據高壓塔操作壓力相應減小冷壓縮機進入壓力，可實現程度更為明顯的功率提昇。)
- 主空氣壓縮機功率下降至80%左右。
- 主空氣壓縮機3之出口處的總空氣壓力約減小14%，例如自約 3.65bar減小至約3.15bar。
- 增壓壓縮機21之功率自約80%提高至100%。
- 冷壓縮機45之功率自約70%提高至100%。
- 穿過膨脹式渦輪機57的氮量自100%減小至0%(亦即，膨脹式渦輪機在第二操作模式下停機)。
若在不同實施例中於相同位置上使用數個(例如兩個)並聯冷壓縮機，便能進一步提高效率。在第二操作模式下接通第二冷壓縮機，藉此提供雙倍功率。在此情況下，主空氣壓縮機可達到最小負載，較小的增壓壓縮機達到最大負載。鑒於驅動主空氣壓縮機大約需使用總能耗之90%，主空氣壓縮機功率下降愈多，則製程效率愈高，儘管其間冷壓縮機功率提高。
(不同於本實施例所示，該設備可設計為高於第一或第二操作模式之最高提氧度，亦即，第一及/或第二操作模式下所提取之氣態氧產品72的量低於設計。本發明之方法在所用機器之操作範圍內較為靈活。)
一般而言，本發明較佳在第一操作模式下以儘可能低之功率運行冷壓縮機，主空氣壓縮機則設計為在第一操作模式下大約以其100%標稱功率運行。而空氣增壓壓縮機及氮冷壓縮機例如設計為以第二操作模式所需之功率運行。
透過上述措施可在氣態氧產品72的產量保持不變或僅略微下降之情況下，將第二操作模式之製程總能耗大約減少至第一操作模式之總能耗值的86%。相應差額在液氧儲備充足時可用於儲能。
圖2不同於圖1之處在於不產生氣態加壓氮產品。在第二操作模式下，直接提取自高壓塔之氮產品254在加熱器255內被加熱至遠超過環境溫度且在熱膨脹式渦輪機(Hot Gas Expander)256內膨脹做功。藉此可於能源價格高昂時期，利用耦合入加熱器255之餘熱在耦接於膨 脹式渦輪機256之發電機中生產昂貴的電能。若將一般情況下無經濟利用價值之廢熱(例如來自低壓蒸汽)用於加熱器255，甚至可將第二操作模式下空氣分離製程所需之能量相對於第一操作模式總體減少76%左右。
在一相對圖2經修改之實施例中，在第一操作模式下將一部分直接提取自高壓塔的氮用來產生氣態加壓氮產品(參見圖1中的PGAN)，此舉至少在第一操作模式下實施，酌情亦在第二操作模式下實施。
圖3所示方法與圖1所示方法之區別在於，在壓縮機冷卻與例如從屬於一電廠之蒸汽循環間進行集熱。利用設於兩直接接觸冷卻器上游之附加冷卻器301及302將來自空氣壓縮的壓縮熱傳遞至用於電廠製程之給水(Feed Water)(電廠給水)。
圖3進一步示出，第一液氧流未在輔助冷凝器內蒸發的部分如何在第一操作模式下透過管線303被提取，酌情在過冷式逆流熱交換器30內被冷卻並作為液氧產品(LOX)被排出。可將該液氧產品全部或部分導入液罐74。在本發明所有其他實施方式(例如圖1或圖2所示之實施方式)中亦可在第一操作模式下以上述方式提取液氧，此液氧後期構成第二操作模式下由管線73進給之液氧的部分或全部。
在如圖4之系統中，高壓塔35與低壓塔34並排設置。此外，附加冷凝器37(低壓塔35之底層加熱裝置)定位於高壓塔34上方。在該特殊實施例中，輔助冷凝器26設於高壓塔34與附加冷凝器37間。
此外，圖4示出圖3中已示出之設於壓縮機冷卻與蒸汽循環間之集熱的一部分，即利用來自電廠製程之給水(Feed Water)運行的冷卻器301。
在圖4中，該集熱與圖2中詳述之熱膨脹式渦輪機(Hot Gas Expander)256相結合。另外設有帶排泄閥之管線401。
與圖2不同，圖3所示之方法無需在主熱交換器32a、32b內為流 447、453、454設置單獨的熱交換器通道。該流在交替操作時與在渦輪機內膨脹之流58穿過同一通道組。為此，第一操作模式下閥門402打開，閥門403則關閉。反之，第二操作模式下渦輪機57停機，閥門402關閉，閥門403打開。藉此能使主熱交換器32a、32b之結構特別緊湊。
圖4之其餘全部特徵請參閱有關圖1及圖3之描述。
1‧‧‧大氣空氣
2‧‧‧過濾器
3‧‧‧主空氣壓縮機
4‧‧‧總空氣流
5‧‧‧第一直接接觸冷卻器
6‧‧‧總空氣流/總空氣量
10‧‧‧第一分空氣流
11‧‧‧第一淨化單元/淨化裝置
12‧‧‧管線
13‧‧‧最大部分
14‧‧‧管線/空氣流
20‧‧‧第二分空氣流
21‧‧‧增壓壓縮機
22‧‧‧再壓縮第二分空氣流
23‧‧‧第二直接接觸冷卻器
24‧‧‧第二淨化單元/淨化裝置
25a‧‧‧淨化第二分空氣流
25b‧‧‧冷卻第二分流
26‧‧‧輔助冷凝器
28‧‧‧節流閥
29‧‧‧第二部分
30‧‧‧過冷式逆流熱交換器
31‧‧‧節流閥
32‧‧‧第一區段/主熱交換器
32a‧‧‧主熱交換器
32b‧‧‧主熱交換器
33‧‧‧區段
34‧‧‧高壓塔
35‧‧‧低壓塔
36‧‧‧主冷凝器
37‧‧‧附加冷凝器
38‧‧‧氧富集底層餾份
39‧‧‧泵
40‧‧‧節流閥
41‧‧‧管線/氣態氮
42‧‧‧第一部分
43‧‧‧蒸發中間餾份/液氮
44‧‧‧第一氮流
45‧‧‧冷壓縮機
46‧‧‧冷壓縮第一氮流
47‧‧‧管線
48‧‧‧液氮
49‧‧‧第一部分
50‧‧‧節流閥
51‧‧‧第二部分
53‧‧‧管線
54‧‧‧管線
55‧‧‧另一部分
56‧‧‧另一部分
57‧‧‧膨脹機/膨脹式渦輪機
58‧‧‧膨脹做功的第三氮流
59‧‧‧熱第三氮流
60‧‧‧管線
61‧‧‧管線
62‧‧‧再生氣體
63‧‧‧再生氣體
64‧‧‧再生氣體加熱器
65‧‧‧再生氣體加熱器
66‧‧‧部分蒸發底層液體
67‧‧‧殘餘氣體
68‧‧‧管線
70‧‧‧管線
71‧‧‧蒸發氧
72‧‧‧管線/氣態氧產品
73‧‧‧管線
74‧‧‧液氧罐/液罐
75‧‧‧沖洗液
76‧‧‧泵
254‧‧‧氮產品
255‧‧‧加熱器
256‧‧‧熱膨脹式渦輪機
301‧‧‧冷卻器
302‧‧‧冷卻器
303‧‧‧管線
401‧‧‧管線
402‧‧‧閥門
403‧‧‧閥門
447‧‧‧流
453‧‧‧流
454‧‧‧流
圖1為本發明具加壓氮提取功能之第一實施例；圖2為第一實施例之一變體，加壓氮在熱汽機(熱氣膨脹機)內至少間歇膨脹做功；圖3為具集熱功能之另一實施例；及圖4為包含並排塔及主熱交換器通道組切換功能之第四實施例。
1‧‧‧大氣空氣
2‧‧‧過濾器
3‧‧‧主空氣壓縮機
4‧‧‧總空氣流
5‧‧‧第一直接接觸冷卻器
6‧‧‧總空氣流/總空氣量
10‧‧‧第一分空氣流
11‧‧‧第一淨化單元/淨化裝置
12‧‧‧管線
13‧‧‧最大部分
14‧‧‧管線/空氣流
20‧‧‧第二分空氣流
21‧‧‧增壓壓縮機
22‧‧‧再壓縮第二分空氣流
23‧‧‧第二直接接觸冷卻器
24‧‧‧第二淨化單元/淨化裝置
25a‧‧‧淨化第二分空氣流
25b‧‧‧冷卻第二分流
26‧‧‧輔助冷凝器
28‧‧‧節流閥
29‧‧‧第二部分
30‧‧‧過冷式逆流熱交換器
31‧‧‧節流閥
32‧‧‧第一區段/主熱交換器
33‧‧‧區段
34‧‧‧高壓塔
35‧‧‧低壓塔
36‧‧‧主冷凝器
37‧‧‧附加冷凝器
38‧‧‧氧富集底層餾份
39‧‧‧泵
40‧‧‧節流閥
41‧‧‧管線/氣態氮
42‧‧‧第一部分
43‧‧‧蒸發中間餾份/液氮
44‧‧‧第一氮流
45‧‧‧冷壓縮機
46‧‧‧冷壓縮第一氮流
47‧‧‧管線
48‧‧‧液氮
49‧‧‧第一部分
50‧‧‧節流閥
51‧‧‧第二部分
53‧‧‧管線
54‧‧‧管線
55‧‧‧另一部分
56‧‧‧另一部分
57‧‧‧膨脹機/膨脹式渦輪機
58‧‧‧膨脹做功的第三氮流
59‧‧‧熱第三氮流
60‧‧‧管線
61‧‧‧管線
62‧‧‧再生氣體
63‧‧‧再生氣體
64‧‧‧再生氣體加熱器
65‧‧‧再生氣體加熱器
66‧‧‧部分蒸發底層液體
67‧‧‧殘餘氣體
68‧‧‧管線
70‧‧‧管線
71‧‧‧蒸發氧
72‧‧‧管線/氣態氧產品
73‧‧‧管線
74‧‧‧液氧罐/液罐
75‧‧‧沖洗液
76‧‧‧泵

Claims (11)

  1. 一種在蒸餾塔系統內透過以可變能耗低溫分離空氣來提取氧之方法，該蒸餾塔系統具有高壓塔(34)、低壓塔(35)以及皆構造成冷凝蒸發器之主冷凝器(36)及輔助冷凝器(26)，其中在實施該方法時，大氣空氣(1)在主空氣壓縮機(3)內被壓縮至總空氣壓力，在主熱交換器(32,33)內被冷卻並被至少部分送入該高壓塔(34)，提取自該高壓塔(34)之氣態氮(41,42)在該主冷凝器(36)內至少部分液化，產生於該主冷凝器內之液氮(43)的至少一部分在該蒸餾塔系統之至少一塔內用作回流，提取自該低壓塔底層之第一液氧流被導入該輔助冷凝器(26)並在該處藉由與經壓縮及冷卻之所用空氣的至少一部分(25b)進行間接熱交換而至少部分蒸發，該蒸發第一液氧流(71)之至少一部分作為氣態氧產品(72)被提取，在能耗較高之第一操作模式下，該第一液氧流(70)之第一量自該低壓塔(35)底層被導入該輔助冷凝器(26)，並且第一空氣量在該主空氣壓縮機(3)內被壓縮至第一出口壓力，在第二操作模式Au下，第二空氣量在該主空氣壓縮機(3)內被壓縮，該第二空氣量小於該第一空氣量，該第一液氧流(70)之第二量自該低壓塔(35)底層被導入該輔 助冷凝器(26)，該第二量小於該第一量，並且除該第一液氧流(70)外進一步向該輔助冷凝器(26)輸送第二液氧流(73)，其特徵在於，在兩操作模式下，中間液體(43)自該低壓塔(35)之中間位置被導入該主冷凝器(36)之蒸發室，並且產生於該主冷凝器內之蒸汽被至少部分導入該低壓塔(35)，自該低壓塔(35)之下部區域提取氧流(66)並將其導入構造成冷凝蒸發器之附加冷凝器(37)的蒸發室，形成於該附加冷凝器之蒸發室之氣體的至少一部分作為上升蒸汽被導入該低壓塔(35)，在該輔助冷凝器(26)內蒸發之氧(71)在該主熱交換器(32)內被加熱並作為氣態氧產品(72)被提取，提取自該蒸餾塔系統之第一氮流(44)在冷壓縮機(45)內被壓縮，而後被至少部分導入該附加冷凝器(37)之液化室，並且產生於該附加冷凝器(37)內之液氮的至少一部分在該蒸餾塔系統之至少一塔(34,35)內用作回流，其中在該第一操作模式下，第一氮量在該冷壓縮機(45)內被壓縮，第一氣態氮量(41,42)自該高壓塔(34)被導入該主冷凝器(36)，並且該第一空氣量在該主空氣壓縮機(3)內被壓縮至第一總空氣壓力，以及在該第二操作模式下，第二氮量在該冷壓縮機(45)內被壓縮，該第二氮量大於該第 一氮量，第二氣態氮量(41,42)自該高壓塔(34)被導入該主冷凝器(36)，該第二氣態氮量小於該第一氣態氮量，並且該第二空氣量在該主空氣壓縮機(3)內被壓縮至第二總空氣壓力，該第二總空氣壓力低於該第一總空氣壓力。
  2. 如請求項1之方法，其特徵在於，該第一氮流(44)於該冷壓縮機(45)下游及該附加冷凝器(37)之液化室上游在該主熱交換器(32)內被冷卻。
  3. 如請求項1或2之方法，其特徵在於，在該第一操作模式下，第一渦輪機流量(56)在膨脹機(57)內膨脹做功，而後在該主熱交換器(32)內被加熱及/或被導入該蒸餾塔系統，以及在該第二操作模式下，該膨脹機(57)停機或者第二渦輪機流量被導入該膨脹機，該第二渦輪機流量小於該第一渦輪機流量。
  4. 如請求項1至3中任一項之方法，其特徵在於，在該第二操作模式下不產生液態空氣並將其儲存於液罐。
  5. 如請求項1至4中任一項之方法，其特徵在於，在該第二操作模式下不排出液氮形式之蒸餾塔系統餾份並將其儲存於液罐。
  6. 如請求項1至5中任一項之方法，其特徵在於，在該主空氣壓縮機(3)內被壓縮之空氣(4,6)在其進入該主熱交換器(32,33)之入口上游分流成第一及第二分空氣流(10,20)，其中該第二分空氣流(20)在增壓壓縮機(21)內被進一步壓縮，並且該再壓縮第二分空氣流(22,25a,25b)被至少部分導入該輔助冷凝器(26)之液化室並於該處至少部分液化。
  7. 如請求項1至6中任一項之方法，其特徵在於， 自該高壓塔(34)氣態提取第二氮流(53)，在該主熱交換器(32)內加熱該第二氮流並作為氣態加壓氮產品(54)提取之。
  8. 如請求項1至7中任一項之方法，其特徵在於，自該高壓塔(34)氣態提取第三氮流(254)，在該主熱交換器(32)內將該第三氮流加熱至中間溫度，而後使其膨脹做功(256)。
  9. 如請求項1至8中任一項之方法，其特徵在於，該低壓塔(35)與該高壓塔(34)上下堆疊設置。
  10. 如請求項1至9中任一項之方法，其特徵在於，於該低壓塔(35)頂部進給之回流液體的至少一部分，特定言之全部由產生於該附加冷凝器(37)內之液氮(48)的一部分構成。
  11. 一種透過以可變能耗低溫分離空氣來提取氧之裝置，包括：蒸餾塔系統，其具有高壓塔(34)、低壓塔(35)以及皆構造成冷凝蒸發器之主冷凝器(36)及輔助冷凝器(26)，主空氣壓縮機(3)，其用於壓縮大氣空氣(1)，主熱交換器(32,33)，其用於冷卻該壓縮空氣，用於將該冷卻空氣導入該高壓塔(34)之手段，用於將氣態氮(41,42)自該高壓塔(34)導入該主冷凝器(36)之液化室的手段，用於將產生於該主冷凝器內之液氮(43)作為回流導入該蒸餾塔系統之至少一塔的手段，用於將第一液氧流(70)自該低壓塔(35)底層導入該輔助冷凝器(26)之蒸發室的手段，用於將經壓縮及冷卻之所用空氣導入該輔助冷凝器(26)之液化室的手段，用於將該蒸發第一液氧流(71)作為氣態氧產品(72)加以提取之手段，及 用於在第一與第二操作模式間切換之手段，其中，在能耗較高之第一操作模式下，該第一液氧流(70)之第一量自該低壓塔(35)底層被導入該輔助冷凝器(26)，並且第一空氣量在該主空氣壓縮機(3)內被壓縮，在能耗較低之第二操作模式下，第二空氣量在該主空氣壓縮機(3)內被壓縮，該第二空氣量小於該第一空氣量，該第一液氧流(70)之第二量自該低壓塔(35)底層被導入該輔助冷凝器(26)，該第二量小於該第一量，除該第一液氧流(70)外進一步向該輔助冷凝器(26)輸送第二液氧流(73)，其特徵在於用於將中間液體(43)自該低壓塔(35)之中間位置導入該主冷凝器(36)之蒸發室的手段，用於將產生於該主冷凝器(36)內之蒸汽導入該低壓塔(35)之手段，附加冷凝器(37)，其構造成冷凝蒸發器，用於將氧流(66)自該低壓塔(35)之下部區域導入該附加冷凝器(37)之蒸發室的手段，用於將形成於該附加冷凝器之蒸發室之氣體的至少一部分作為上升蒸汽導入該低壓塔(35)之手段，用於將在該輔助冷凝器(26)內蒸發之氧(71)導入該主熱交換器(32,33)之手段，用於將在該主熱交換器(32,33)內被加熱之氧作為氣態氧產品(72)加以提取之手段， 冷壓縮機(45)，其用於壓縮提取自該蒸餾塔系統之第一氮流(44)，用於將在該冷壓縮機(45)內被壓縮之氮的至少一部分導入該附加冷凝器(37)之液化室的手段，及用於將產生於該附加冷凝器(37)內之液氮的至少一部分作為回流導入該蒸餾塔系統之至少一塔(34,35)的手段，以及該等切換手段被構造成使得在該第一操作模式下，第一氮量在該冷壓縮機(45)內被壓縮，第一氣態氮量(41,42)自該高壓塔(34)被導入該主冷凝器(36)，並且該第一空氣量在該主空氣壓縮機(3)內被壓縮至第一總空氣壓力，以及在該第二操作模式下，第二氮量在該冷壓縮機(45)內被壓縮，該第二氮量大於該第一氮量，第二氣態氮量(41,42)自該高壓塔(34)被導入該主冷凝器(36)，該第二氣態氮量小於該第一氣態氮量，並且該第二空氣量在該主空氣壓縮機(3)內被壓縮至第二總空氣壓力，該第二總空氣壓力低於該第一總空氣壓力。
TW103123842A 2013-07-11 2014-07-10 透過以可變能耗低溫分離空氣來提取氧之方法與裝置 TWI628401B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
??13003509.0 2013-07-11
EP13003509 2013-07-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
TW201520498A true TW201520498A (zh) 2015-06-01
TWI628401B TWI628401B (zh) 2018-07-01

Family

ID=48792937

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
TW103123842A TWI628401B (zh) 2013-07-11 2014-07-10 透過以可變能耗低溫分離空氣來提取氧之方法與裝置

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US9797654B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP3019803B1 (zh)
KR (1) KR102240251B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN105473968B (zh)
AU (1) AU2014289592B2 (zh)
PL (1) PL3019803T3 (zh)
TW (1) TWI628401B (zh)
WO (1) WO2015003809A2 (zh)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3559576A2 (de) * 2016-12-23 2019-10-30 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur tieftemperaturzerlegung von luft und luftzerlegungsanlage
JP7060108B2 (ja) 2018-10-02 2022-04-26 日本製鉄株式会社 マルテンサイト系ステンレス継目無鋼管
WO2020083527A1 (de) * 2018-10-23 2020-04-30 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und anlage zur tieftemperaturezerlegung von luft
US11460246B2 (en) * 2019-12-18 2022-10-04 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Recovery of krypton and xenon from liquid oxygen
FR3119226B1 (fr) * 2021-01-25 2023-05-26 Lair Liquide Sa Pour Letude Et Lexploitation De Procede et appareil de separation d’air par distillation cryogenique

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5006139A (en) * 1990-03-09 1991-04-09 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Cryogenic air separation process for the production of nitrogen
US5934104A (en) * 1998-06-02 1999-08-10 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Multiple column nitrogen generators with oxygen coproduction
US7228715B2 (en) 2003-12-23 2007-06-12 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Cryogenic air separation process and apparatus
US20080115531A1 (en) * 2006-11-16 2008-05-22 Bao Ha Cryogenic Air Separation Process and Apparatus
FR2930331B1 (fr) 2008-04-22 2013-09-13 Air Liquide Procede et appareil de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique
WO2009136077A2 (fr) 2008-04-22 2009-11-12 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procede et appareil de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique
FR2930330B1 (fr) * 2008-04-22 2013-09-13 Air Liquide Procede et appareil de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique
DE102010056560A1 (de) * 2010-08-13 2012-02-16 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von Drucksauerstoff und Druckstickstoff durch Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft
CN104185767B (zh) * 2011-09-20 2016-08-24 林德股份公司 用于产生两股净化的部分空气流的方法和设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR102240251B1 (ko) 2021-04-13
EP3019803A2 (de) 2016-05-18
WO2015003809A2 (de) 2015-01-15
WO2015003809A3 (de) 2015-09-24
CN105473968B (zh) 2018-06-05
AU2014289592A1 (en) 2015-12-24
CN105473968A (zh) 2016-04-06
US9797654B2 (en) 2017-10-24
US20160123662A1 (en) 2016-05-05
EP3019803B1 (de) 2022-04-20
KR20160030400A (ko) 2016-03-17
AU2014289592B2 (en) 2018-07-19
PL3019803T3 (pl) 2022-05-30
TWI628401B (zh) 2018-07-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6336345B1 (en) Process and apparatus for low temperature fractionation of air
JP5425100B2 (ja) 低温空気分離方法及び装置
TWI628401B (zh) 透過以可變能耗低溫分離空氣來提取氧之方法與裝置
US9810103B2 (en) Method and device for generating electrical energy
US8397535B2 (en) Method and apparatus for pressurized product production
JPH06101963A (ja) 空気の高圧低温蒸留方法
US20080289362A1 (en) Process and apparatus for low-temperature air fractionation
US10488106B2 (en) Method and apparatus for producing compressed nitrogen and liquid nitrogen by cryogenic separation of air
CN101351680A (zh) 低温空气分离法
US8191386B2 (en) Distillation method and apparatus
CN102192637B (zh) 空气分离方法和设备
CN102901322B (zh) 通过低温空气分离获得压力氮和压力氧的方法和装置
KR20160032160A (ko) 하나 이상의 공기 제조물을 제조하는 방법, 공기 분리 시스템, 전기 에너지를 제조하는 방법 및 장치
TW201730493A (zh) 在空氣分離廠中獲取空氣產品之方法及空氣分離廠
AU656062B2 (en) Air separation
US6305191B1 (en) Separation of air
US8549878B2 (en) Method of generating nitrogen and apparatus for use in the same
US8640496B2 (en) Method and apparatus for separating air
US20110083469A1 (en) Process and Device for Obtaining Liquid Nitrogen by Low Temperature Air Fractionation
US4530708A (en) Air separation method and apparatus therefor
US6170291B1 (en) Separation of air
JP3539709B2 (ja) 空気分離装置
BR102016022807B1 (pt) Processo de destilação criogênica para separação do ar para produção de oxigênio gasoso e processo de destilação criogênica para separação do ar para produção simultânea de oxigênio gasoso e argônio liquefeito