TW201402495A - 玻璃容器絕緣塗層 - Google Patents

玻璃容器絕緣塗層 Download PDF

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TW201402495A
TW201402495A TW102120845A TW102120845A TW201402495A TW 201402495 A TW201402495 A TW 201402495A TW 102120845 A TW102120845 A TW 102120845A TW 102120845 A TW102120845 A TW 102120845A TW 201402495 A TW201402495 A TW 201402495A
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coating
glass container
container
low
glass
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Jr Michael P Remington
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Owens Brockway Glass Container
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/001—General methods for coating; Devices therefor
    • C03C17/003—General methods for coating; Devices therefor for hollow ware, e.g. containers
    • C03C17/005—Coating the outside
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D23/00—Details of bottles or jars not otherwise provided for
    • B65D23/08—Coverings or external coatings
    • B65D23/0807—Coatings
    • B65D23/0814—Coatings characterised by the composition of the material
    • B65D23/0835—Coatings characterised by the composition of the material consisting mainly of metallic compounds
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    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/006—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character
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    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/06—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with metals
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    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
    • C03C17/23—Oxides
    • C03C17/245—Oxides by deposition from the vapour phase
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    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
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    • C03C17/245—Oxides by deposition from the vapour phase
    • C03C17/2453—Coating containing SnO2
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    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/3411—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials
    • C03C17/3417—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials all coatings being oxide coatings
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    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
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    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3642—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating containing a metal layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3644—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the metal being silver
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    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3649—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer made of metals other than silver
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    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3657—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating having optical properties
    • C03C17/366—Low-emissivity or solar control coatings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
    • C23C14/18—Metallic material, boron or silicon on other inorganic substrates
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
    • C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
    • C23C16/40—Oxides
    • C23C16/407—Oxides of zinc, germanium, cadmium, indium, tin, thallium or bismuth
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    • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
    • C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
    • C03C2217/43—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase
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    • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
    • C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
    • C03C2217/43—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase
    • C03C2217/46—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase
    • C03C2217/47—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase consisting of a specific material
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    • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
    • C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
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    • C03C2217/46—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase characterized by the dispersed phase
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    • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
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    • C03C2217/43—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of a dispersed phase in a continuous phase
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Abstract

一種用於將低e塗層(15、15’、17)施加於具有外部表面之玻璃容器(10)的製程。製備低e塗層材料而包括金屬或透明導電氧化物(TCO)至少一者。金屬係選自於由銀、金、以及鋁組成的群組。TCO係選自於由SnO2:Sb、SnO2:F、In2O3:Sn、ZnO:F、ZnO:Al、以及ZnO:Ga組成的群組。塗層材料係施加於玻璃容器的外部表面。

Description

玻璃容器絕緣塗層
本揭露係針對玻璃容器、玻璃容器用製造製程、以及針對包括用於塗佈玻璃容器(例如，玻璃瓶和罐)之方法和材料的玻璃容器用塗佈製程。
已發展為了不同用途對玻璃容器施加塗層的各種製程，包括裝飾、黏附(adhesion)以及損害防止用玻璃強化。例如，美國第3,522,075號專利案揭露用於塗佈玻璃容器的製程，其中容器係形成、塗佈以一層如氧化錫之類的金屬氧化物、透過徐冷窯予以冷却和退火、以及接著以有機聚矽氧烷樹脂系材料予以在金屬氧化物層上塗佈。在另一個實施例中，美國第3,912,100號專利案揭露藉由加熱玻璃容器並且對玻璃璃容器施以聚胺氨基甲酸酯粉末噴塗(spray)而製作玻璃容器的方法。
根據本揭露的一個態樣，本揭露的一般目的在於提供塗佈容器的改良型方法，用以例如藉由使用分離式、外部絕緣套筒或標籤使容器具有絕緣特性以較長時間維持容器內的東西較冷或較低溫度而未改變容器美 感(aesthetics)
本揭露體現可予以彼此分開或結合實現的許多態樣。
根據本揭露一個態樣用於對玻璃容器施加低e塗層的製程包括以下步驟：(a)製備包括金屬或透明導電氧化物(TCO)至少一者的低e塗層材料，其中金屬係選自於由銀、金、以及鋁組成的群組，以及其中TCO係選自於由SnO2：Sb、SnO2：F、In2O3：Sn、ZnO：F、ZnO：Al、以及ZnO：Ga組成的群組；以及(b)對玻璃容器的外部表面施加低e塗層材料。
根據本揭露一個態樣的塗佈玻璃容器的方法包括以下步驟：(a)在容器的外部表面上沉積包括金屬或透明導電氧化物(TCO)至少一者的塗層，其中金屬係選自於由銀、金、以及鋁組成的群組，以及其中TCO係選自於由SnO2：Sb、SnO2：F、In2O3：Sn、ZnO：F、ZnO：Al、以及ZnO：Ga組成的群組，用以使容器具有絕緣特性；以及(b)在步驟(a)之後對容器的外部表面施加冷端塗層。
根據本揭露的另一個態樣，塗佈玻璃容器之外部表面的方法包括以下步驟：(a)在容器的外部表面上沉積熱端塗層；以及(b)在步驟(a)後對容器的外部表面施加低e塗層，其中低e塗層包括由金屬或透明導電氧化物(TCO)至少一者組成的粒子，其中金屬係選自於由銀、金、以及鋁組成的群組，以及其中TCO係選自由SnO2：Sb、In2O3：Sn、ZnO：Al、以及ZnO：Ga組成的群組。
根據本揭露又一個態樣，提供有玻璃容器， 其包括位於容器一軸端的封閉基部、自封閉基部軸延伸並且呈環形封閉的體部、以及位於對立於基部之容器另一軸端的開放口部(open mouth)。容器的外部表面包括紅外線絕緣塗層，其包括金屬或透明導電氧化物(TCO)至少一者，其中金屬係選自於由銀、金、以及鋁組成的群組，以及其中TCO係選自於由SnO2：Sb、SnO2：F、In2O3：Sn、ZnO：F、ZnO：Al、以及ZnO：Ga組成的群組。
根據本揭露另一個態樣，提供有製造玻璃容器的方法，其包括以下步驟：(a)形成容器；以及接著(b)對容器的外部表面施加塗層使容器具有絕緣特性，其中塗層包括金屬或透明導電氧化物(TCO)至少一者，其中金屬係於由選自銀、金、以及鋁組成的群組，以及其中TCO係選自於由SnO2：Sb、SnO2：F、In2O3：Sn、ZnO：F、ZnO：Al、以及ZnO：Ga組成的群組，用以使容器具有絕緣特性；以及接著(c)對容器的外部表面施加冷端塗層。
根據本揭露又另一個態樣，提供有製造玻璃容器的方法，其包括底下步驟：(a)形成容器；以及接著(b)對容器的外部表面施加熱端塗層；以及接著(c)使容器退火；以及接著(d)在容器上沉積低e塗層用以使容器具有絕緣特性，其中低e塗層包括由金屬或透明導電氧化物(TCO)至少一者組成的粒子，其中金屬係選自於由銀、金、以及鋁組成的群組，以及其中TCO係選自於由SnO2：Sb、In2O3：Sn、ZnO：Al、以及ZnO：Ga組成的群組
3‧‧‧圓圈
10‧‧‧玻璃容器
10a‧‧‧基部
10b‧‧‧體部
10c‧‧‧口部
10d‧‧‧頸部
12‧‧‧玻璃基板
14‧‧‧熱端塗層
15‧‧‧熱端低e塗層
15’‧‧‧後退火低e塗層
16‧‧‧冷端塗層
17‧‧‧後退火低e塗層
110‧‧‧玻璃容器
210‧‧‧玻璃容器
A‧‧‧縱軸
經由以下說明、所附申請專利範圍以及附圖 將最理解本揭露還有其額外目的、特徵、優點以及態樣，其中：第1圖是根據本揭露一個描述性具體實施例之玻璃容器的立視圖；第2圖是玻璃容器體部的剖面圖(cross-sectional view)；第3A圖是取自第1圖圓圈3之玻璃容器放大截面圖(sectional view)的一個描述性具體實施例；第3B圖表示取自第1圖圓圈3之玻璃容器放大截面圖的又一個描述性具體實施例；第3C圖表示取自第1圖圓圈3之玻璃容器放大截面圖的另一個描述性具體實施例；第4圖是玻璃容器製造製程的流程圖；第5圖是根據本揭露一個描述性具體實施例之玻璃容器製造製程的流程圖，其中低e塗層取代習知的熱端塗層並且係在退火步驟之前予以施加；第6圖是根據本揭露另一個描述性具體實施例之玻璃容器製造製程的流程圖，其中低e塗層取代習知的熱端塗層並且係在退火步驟之後予以施加；以及第7圖是根據本揭露額外描述性具體實施例之玻璃容器製造製程的流程圖，其中低e塗層係在退火步驟之後予以施加。
第1圖表示可根據下文目前所揭露之製造製程之描述性具體實施例所生產的玻璃容器10(例如，玻璃 瓶、罐、或諸如此類)的一個描述性具體實施例。玻璃容器10包括縱軸A、在軸向上封閉之容器10一軸端處的基部10a、自軸閉基部10a起在軸向上延伸的體部10b、以及對立於基部10a之容器10的另一軸端的口部10c。因此，玻璃容器10呈中空。在所述具體實施例中，容器10也包括可自體部10b起軸向延伸、一般可呈圓錐狀、以及可終止於口部10c的頸部10d。然而，容器10不一定要包括頸部10d且口部10c可終止體部10b，就像是在玻璃罐具體實施例中或諸如此類一般。只要體部10b呈環形封閉，體部10b在橫斷軸線A之剖面中就可呈任何適合的形狀。
例如，如第2圖所示，體部10b可呈環形封閉的圓柱橫斷剖面形狀。在其它具體實施例中，體部10b一般可為橢圓形、方形、矩形、三角形、或任何其它適合的橫斷剖面形狀。如本文所使用，術語「環形」不僅適用於圓形橫斷剖面形狀，還適用於任何封閉的橫斷剖面形狀。
第3A圖表示玻璃容器10的一個描述性具體實施例，其中容器10包括玻璃基板12、對基板12上的容器10之外部表面施加的熱端低e塗層15、以及於低e塗層15上對容器10之外部表面施加的冷端塗層16。如本文所使用，術語「低e」塗層可包括低發射率(emissivity)塗層用以反射，另或(or otherwise)衰減，光譜紅外線或近紅外線部分的輻射(radiation)，下文將有更詳細的說明。
第3B圖表示玻璃容器110的又一描述性具體實施例，其中容器110包括玻璃基板12、施加於基板12上的容器10的外部表面的後退火低e塗層15’、以及施加於低e塗層15’上的容器10的外部表面的冷端塗層16。
第3C圖表示玻璃容器210的另一個描述性具體實施例，其中容器210包括玻璃基板12、施加於基板12上的容器10的外部表面的熱端塗層14、以及在冷端塗層(圖未示)先前已予以施加並且予以移除或用以取代冷端塗層(圖未示)而予以施加於容器10的外部表面的後退火低e塗層17。
具有習知熱端和冷端塗層的先前技術玻璃容器將容許紅外線(IR)和近紅外線(NIR)輻射實質透射(transmission)。如本文所使用，為了簡單起見，術語「紅外線」包括紅外線和近紅外線輻射。在一實施例中，IR波長包括800奈米(nm)到1,000微米(μm)，以及NIR波長包括800奈米到2微米。在更特殊的實例中，IR波長包括800奈米到30微米。
然而，根據本揭露，玻璃容器10可包括低e塗層15(或15’)用以取代在施加冷端塗層16之前所施加的習知熱端塗層(例如第3A和3B圖)，或可包括低e塗層17而非冷端塗層(例如，第3C圖)。因此，相較於容器10上可能沒有塗層以及沒有分開的、外部絕緣元件(element)，低e塗層15、15’、17可使容器10具有絕緣特性以使容器10內的東西維持較冷或較低溫度更 長時間。換句話說，塗層15、15’、17可提供避免IR/NIR能量進入容器10的冷內部的良好保護以保存飲料更冷、更久。
雖然將各種塗層14至17表示為依序彼此重疊的相鄰層，但是一或多個塗層14至17可穿入或甚至穿過一或多個其它塗層。因此，各種塗層14至17可予以清楚說明為一般被施加於玻璃容器10，這與任何給定塗層接觸任何其它塗層及/或基板12的方式或程度無關。類似地，當材料係說明為被施加於玻璃容器10外部表面時，材料可予以施加於一或多個塗層14至17及/或玻璃基板12本身。
請參閱第4圖，可用任何適合的方式生產玻璃容器。一般的玻璃容器製造包括「熱端」，其可包括：使用一或多個熔爐(melting furnace)生產玻璃熔體(glass melt)；使用形成器具(forming machine)將玻璃熔體作成玻璃玻璃容器；以及對玻璃容器施加熱端塗層。「熱端」也可包括退火窯(annealing lehr)、或至少退火窯的開始部位、以及在其中使玻璃容器退火。於退火窯的入口處、熱端、或上游部位，其中的溫度可介於攝氏750與550度之間。透過徐冷窯，溫度可朝徐冷窯的下游部位、冷端、或出口逐漸下降到例如介於攝氏130度與攝氏65度之間的其中溫度。
一般的玻璃容器製造亦涉及「冷端」，其可包括退火窯的末端部位、檢驗設備、以及包裝機器。還有，冷端可包括對退火窯的玻璃容器下游施加冷端塗 層。例如，玻璃容器可用冷端塗層予以塗佈，其可為退火窯下游所施加的保護性有機塗層。冷端塗層可包括聚乙烯材料(如聚乙烯蠟或諸如此類)、硬脂酸酯(stearate)、油酸(oleic acid)、及/或任何其它適合的冷端塗層材料。在施加冷端塗層之後，生產也可包括針對任何適合的特徵檢驗玻璃容器以及使用檢驗設備。例如，玻璃容器可針對破裂、含有物、表面不規則性、熱端及/或冷端塗層特性、及/或諸如此類予以手動或自動檢驗。在檢驗之後，可使用任何適合的包裝機器包裝玻璃容器。
因此，「熱端」塗層係於玻璃容器製造製程的熱端所施加的塗層，以及「冷端」塗層係於玻璃容器製造製程的冷端所施加的塗層。
請參閱第5圖，以及根據第一具體實施例，容器一般可在玻璃容器製造製程的熱端、施加冷端塗層的上游設置低e塗層。例如，在以形成器具形成複數玻璃容器10之後，可用任何適合的低e塗層材料、以任何適合的方式塗佈玻璃容器以生產第3A圖的低e塗層15。在本具體實施例中，低e塗層取代習知的熱端塗層並且係在退火步驟之前及/或在退火步驟期間予以施加。例如，可在例如介於形成器具與退火窯之間的防護罩(hood)底下、在退火窯內、或在從退火窯分支出來且回到退火窯內之產線(line)中的防護罩底下塗佈玻璃容器。
低e塗層15可為無機塗層並且可藉由化學氣相沉積(CVD)、或藉由任何其它適合的技術予以施加於 容器。還有，低e塗層15可予以施加成多層的堆疊。
在熱端低e塗層具體實施例的一個實現中，低e塗層15可包括含有透明導電氧化物(TCO)的CVD堆疊。在一實施例中，可在退火窯的上游使用容器的潛熱(latent heat)將TCO CVD塗層堆疊施加成「熱端」塗層以影響塗層15的前驅物分解。因此，CVD堆疊可予以在熱解製程中施加，以及可包括等級250至400奈米的較厚的TCO層和具有總厚度等級為10至30奈米的一或多個較薄的顏色抑制層。
例如，TCO可包括錫(Sn)、銦(In)、或鋅(Zn)的氧化物，以及本具體實施例的低e塗層15可包括任何適合的摻質。下文是實施例。
在第一實施例中，金屬氧化物可包括SnO2以及摻質可包括氟(F)或銻(Sb)。在特殊實施例中，氧化錫可予以提供自氣態單丁基三氯化錫(monobutyl tin trichloride)。產生的塗層15可具有通式SnO2：D，其中D為摻質原子。摻質原子可予以提供自任何適合的摻質分子。例如，氟化氫、三氟乙酸(TFA)、或諸如此類，可用於提供氟化物摻質。在另一個實施例中，三氯化銻(SbCl3)、五氯化銻(SbCl5)、三苯基銻((C6H5)3Sb)、或諸如此類可用於提供銻摻質。CVD低e塗層堆疊的簡化實施例可包括玻璃/SnO2/SiO2/SnO2：F，其中玻璃是容器玻璃，SnO2和SiO2是較薄的顏色抑制層，以及SnO2：F是較厚的TCO層。
在第二實施例中，金屬氧化物可包括In2O3 以及摻質可包括錫。換句話說，塗層15可為摻錫的氧化銦、或銦錫氧化物(ITO)。摻質原子可予以提供自任何適合的摻質分子。
在第三實施例中，金屬氧化物可包括ZnO以及摻質可包括氟(F)、鋁(Al)、或鎵(Ga)。摻質原子可予以提供自任何適合的摻質分子。對於ZnO系的TCOs，可期望在CVD堆疊上沉積保護層。例如，保護層可包括SiO2或任何適合的惰性金屬氧化物。
在沉積低e塗層15期間，摻質的分子前驅物可例如藉由CVD予以添加至氣相金屬氧化物前驅物。可使用任何適合的摻質分子或前驅物來源以及任何適合的手段以汽化(vaporize)摻質前驅物。在一具體實施例中，摻質前驅物可依前驅物的蒸汽壓而在熱端塗層防護罩中汽化。在另一個具體實施例中，前驅物可予以分別揮發並且接著予以遞送至熱端塗層防護罩。一旦被汽化，摻質前驅物氣體可例如在熱端塗層防護罩中與金屬氧化物氣體混合，其中形成的低e塗層15可予以沉積在容器上。
請參閱第6及7圖，以及根據第二具體實施例，容器可在容器退火(後退火)之後且一般於玻璃容器製造製程的冷端設有低e塗層。
請具體參閱第6圖，其根據第二具體實施例的一個實現描述玻璃容器製造製程。例如，玻璃容器可用任何適合的低e塗層材料，以任何適合的方式予以塗佈以生產第3B圖的低e塗層15’。在本實現中，低e塗層15’可取代習知的熱端塗層並且在退火步驟之後予以 施加。例如，可舉例在退火窯、與容器進行容器對容器接觸處容器進入整體流(bulk-flow)處的上游位置之間的防護罩下方以低e塗層予以塗佈。更明確地說，容器可正於對容器施加冷端塗層處上游以低e塗層予以塗佈。
在後退火低e塗層具體實施例的一個實現中，低e塗層15’可藉由例如PVD濺鍍的物理氣相沉積(PVD)予以施加。因此，低e塗層15’可包括在介電層之間含有主動層的PVD堆疊，其可作用為抗反射及/或保護層。在一個實施例中，主動層可包括金屬，例如，銀(Ag)、金(Au)、或鋁(Al)，以及介電層可包括氧化矽(SiO2)。因此，PVD低e塗層堆疊的簡化實施例可包括玻璃/SiO2/金屬/SiO2，其中玻璃是容器玻璃，SiO2是可用任何適合的方式予以施加的氧化矽層，以及金屬層是主動層。
在後退火低e塗層具體實施例的另一個實現中，低e塗層15’可包括含有透明導電氧化物(TCO)的CVD堆疊。在本實現中，輔助型(assisted)或活性化(activated)CVD技術可予以使用並且可包括燃燒CVD、電漿增強型CVD、或諸如此類。因此，CVD堆疊可予以在熱解製程中施加，並且可包括250至400奈米等級的較厚的TCO層以具有總厚度等級為10至30奈米的一或多個較薄的顏色抑制層。CVD堆疊可包括摻雜的金屬氧化物，如以上已針對熱端低e塗層15所述。
請具體參閱第7圖，其根據後退火低e塗層具體實施例的第二實現描述玻璃容器製造製程。例如， 玻璃容器可用任何適合的低e塗層材料、以任何適合的方式予以塗佈以生產第3C圖的低e塗層17。在本實現中，後退火低e塗層17取代冷端塗層。例如，玻璃容器可例如在容器製造製程的冷端的防護罩底下以後退火低e塗層17予以塗佈。
低e塗層17可用任何適合的方式並且藉由任何適合的IR/NIR保護用設備予以對玻璃容器的外部表面施加。塗層17可例如在檢驗之前予以施加。後退火低e塗層17可藉由噴塗、浸漬、粉末塗佈、靜電塗佈、或其它適合的技術予以施加。後退火低e塗層17可基於一或多種各類聚合物，包括丙烯酯、環氧物、胺基甲酸酯、及/或諸如此類。可替選的，塗層17可基於一或多種各類矽烷。
在後退火塗層具體實施例之第二實現的第一實施例中，第二後退火塗層17可包括分散在聚合物基材或矽烷基材中的金屬粒子。例如，塗層17可包括銀(Ag)、金(Au)、或鋁(Al)的奈米粒子。
在後退火塗層具體實施例之第二實現的第二實施例中，後退火低e塗層17可包括分散在聚合物基材或矽烷基材中的TCO粒子。例如，TCO可包括銦(In)、鋅(Zn)、或錫(Sn)的氧化物。同樣地，本具體實施例的TCO低e塗層17也可包括適合的摻質。在第一實施例中，金屬氧化物可包括In2O3以及摻質可包括錫。在第二實施例中，金屬氧化物可包括ZnO以及摻質可包括鋁(Al)或鎵(Ga)。在第三實施例中，金屬氧化物可包括SnO2以及摻質可包括銻(Sb)。
同樣地，為了在聚合物或矽烷內有良好的金屬或TCO粒子分佈並且防止凝集(agglomeration)，可用適合的有機配位基(organic based ligand)覆蓋(cap)、鈍化、及/或官能化(functionalize)粒子。
金屬或TCO粒子可為在施加於容器之前的塗層材料的1至10重量%。尤其是，金屬或TCO粒子可為在施加之前的塗層材料的大約2至7重量%。在更特定的實現中，金屬或TCO粒子可為在施加之前的塗層材料的3至5重量%。
在一具體實施例中，退火低e塗層17可在華氏150度並且較佳是在環境溫度的條件下予以施加。如本文所使用，術語「環境溫度」可包括圍繞容器製造環境的溫度。
在施加後退火低e塗層17之後，玻璃容器可用任何適合的方式予以固化(cure)。例如，後退火低e塗層17可為藉由例如紫外線或電子束輻射之類的任何適合類型的輻射予以固化的可輻射固化有機塗層。在另一個具體實施例中，後退火低e塗層17可為藉由對流烘箱(convection oven)、紅外線燈、或諸如此類所固化的可熱固化塗層。
在固化之後，玻璃容器可予以填充以及包裝或以任何適合的方式予以單純地包裝。
玻璃容器製造製程可包括或可不包括全部所揭露的步驟或予以循序處理或以所述特殊順序予以處理，以及目前所揭露的製造製程和塗佈方法包括此等步 驟的任何循序、重疊、或平行處理。同樣地，各種具體實施例可用任何適合的相互組合提供。
本揭露在本技術領域提供進步性。照慣例，已理解成功的玻璃容器絕緣需要像是泡沫套筒(foam sleeves)或標籤之類的分開的、外部絕緣元件(element)以使容器具有絕緣特性。相對於傳統智慧，現在有可能生產透明、實質無色、具有改良型絕緣特性的玻璃容器，而不必使用不透明並且減損玻璃容器的透明、單純外觀之分開的、外部絕緣元件。相比之下，目前所揭露方法的低e塗層的至少一者的使用，對於玻璃容器製造技術中長久以來已經歷但顯然尚未了解的問題提供簡單但優質的解決方案。
所以，已揭露的塗佈玻璃容器的方法以及製造玻璃容器的方法，其至少部分滿足一或多項先前所提的目標和目的。本揭露已搭配許多描述性具體實施例予以呈現，並且已說明額外的改進和改變。本發明所屬技術領域之具有通常知識者鑑於前述說明將明白其它改進和改變。
10‧‧‧玻璃容器
12‧‧‧玻璃基板
15‧‧‧熱端低e塗層
16‧‧‧冷端塗層

Claims (15)

  1. 一種用於對具有外部表面之玻璃容器(10)施加低e塗層(15、15’、17)的方法，其包括以下步驟：(a)製備包括金屬或透明導電氧化物(TCO)至少一者的低e塗層材料，其中該金屬係選自於由銀、金、和鋁組成的群組，以及其中該TCO係選自於由SnO2：Sb、SnO2：F、In2O3：Sn、ZnO：F、ZnO：Al、和ZnO：Ga組成的群組；以及(b)對該玻璃容器的該外部表面施加該塗層材料。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的方法，其中該施加步驟(b)係於玻璃容器製造製程的熱端實施。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項所述的方法，其中該施加步驟(b)係於該玻璃容器在該玻璃容器製造製程中被退火之前實施。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的方法，其中該製備步驟(a)包括該TCO以及該施加步驟(b)包括對該玻璃容器進行該TCO之化學氣相沉積。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的方法，其中該施加步驟(b)係於玻璃容器製造製程的冷端實施。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第5項所述的方法，其中該施加步驟(b)係於該玻璃容器在該玻璃容器製造製程中被退火之後實施。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述的方法，其中該製備步驟(a)包括該金屬以及該施加步驟(b)包括對該玻璃容器進行該金屬之物理氣相沉積。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第5項所述的方法，其中該金屬或TCO至少一者係提供作為聚合物溶液或矽烷溶液至少一者中的粒子。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第8項所述的方法，其包括固化該聚合物或矽烷溶液至少一者，用以在反射另或衰減紅外線能量的該容器上形成透明外部塗層。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第8項所述的方法，其中該等粒子係在施加於該等容器之前的該塗層材料的1至10重量%。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第8項所述的方法，其中該等粒子係在施加於該等容器之前的該塗層材料的2至7重量%。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第8項所述的方法，其中該等粒子係在施加於該等容器之前的該塗層材料的3至5重量%。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的方法，其中步驟(b)係於環境溫度下實施。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的方法，其中步驟(b)係於小於華氏150度下實施。
  15. 一種玻璃容器(10)，係藉由如申請專利範圍第1項所述的方法予以製作。
TW102120845A 2012-06-15 2013-06-13 玻璃容器絕緣塗層 TW201402495A (zh)

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