TW201348180A - Plant nutrition formulation and improved soil - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a plant nutrition formulation, containing: 35-45 wt% of nitrogen fertilizer, 5-15 wt% of phosphorus fertilizer, 15-25 wt% of potassium fertilizer, 25-35 wt% of organic matter and 0.1-5 wt% of trace elements not containing heavy metal elements. When the plant nutrition formulation is used in plant growth, it can improve physical and chemical properties of the soil so as to be beneficial for plant grown in the soil. This nutrition formulation can be used for the fruit trees that are unsuitable for being planted in a small area, allowing the fruit trees to be successfully planted in a plant pot having a predetermined volume, overcoming the problem of unsuitable climatic conditions and successfully achieving the purposes of growth, development and fruitage. Furthermore, said plant nutrition formulation can be adjusted according to the ratio of nutrient components, plant species and plant growing years.

Description

Plant nutrition formula and improved soil

The present invention relates to a fertilizer for plant cultivation, and more particularly to a plant nutrition formula which is advantageous for plant growth.

In the modern agricultural planting industry, chemical fertilizers and pesticides are often used in a large number of crops. Although this kind of planting method can improve the efficiency of agricultural production, in the long run, the large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides have caused considerable damage to the soil and the environment. The long-term application of inorganic chemical fertilizers and the neglect of the supplement of organic fertilizers make the soil acidified, solidified, lack of organic matter, and cause the acid-base imbalance of the soil. Furthermore, after being applied, the part that cannot be absorbed by the plant will cause soil pollution. Moreover, since the chemical fertilizer is a soluble salt, it will cause pollution of the groundwater source and the number of times of repeated application. The more the pollution situation, the more serious the pollution situation.

In addition, in order to eliminate pathogenic bacteria and weeds, a large number of pesticides such as herbicides and insecticides are used, which temporarily inhibits the infection of pathogenic bacteria, but once the efficacy is reduced, the pathogenic bacteria will rapidly multiply and even develop resistance. Stronger pathogens, so that more and more pesticides are used, such long-term use and residue, so that the beneficial microorganisms and earthworms in the soil can not survive, the organic matter in the soil is decreasing, and the pollution is increasing, so not only The crop yield and quality are reduced, and even the result of the inability to cultivate the farmland is caused.

In order to improve the shortcomings of using chemical fertilizers, the use of organic fertilizers has gradually received attention. Common sources of organic fertilizers commonly used include livestock manure, food waste, and Agricultural waste (such as rice stems, peanut shells, bagasse) and so on. Because these organics cannot directly provide crop utilization, they all need to undergo a decomposing process. Compared with chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers usually have lower nutrient content, slower nutrient release, higher cost (due to long-term composting process), and unstable composition. However, in contrast, it has a long-lasting fertilizer effect, which can improve the physical, chemical, biological and other characteristics of the soil. However, when manufacturing organic fertilizers, the source and manufacturing process will affect the quality of the final product. If the toxic or harmful components in the source are not removed during the manufacturing process, weed seeds, eggs or larvae, pathogenic bacteria are not removed. Or not fully decomposed, directly applied to the soil, not only can not improve the soil, but may cause soil quality degradation, or affect crop growth.

Recently, biological fertilizers have also received considerable attention. It refers to a powdery or liquid preparation containing a living microorganism or enzyme, which is applied to seeds, seedlings or soil soil, which can enhance the utilization of nutrients by the crop or increase the nutrient content in the soil, and supplement the beneficial microorganisms in the soil. The amount of soil that makes the soil function in a good ecological environment. For example, nitrogen-fixing bacteria have a nitrogen-fixing effect, which can fix nitrogen in the air to ammonia and convert it into nitrogen-containing compounds that can be utilized by plants, thus increasing the nitrogen source of the soil. Some lytic bacteria can dissolve the combined nutrients in the soil that cannot be utilized, allowing plants to be utilized. Another example is mycorrhizal fungi which can increase root absorption capacity and surface area and promote nutrient absorption. The use of microbial fertilizer can partially replace or reduce the application of chemical fertilizers, or promote the absorption efficiency of nutrients, thereby obtaining a better growth effect.

In addition, modern agriculture requires high yields of crops and good product quality. To achieve this goal, the physical conditions and nutrient supply of agricultural land must be able to fully meet the needs of crops; physical conditions rely on tillage to loosen the texture of the soil, and nutrient supply depends on the soil. Fertility, fertilization and irrigation, but the nutrient supply in the soil does not necessarily adequately support crop growth Demand, if the nutrient content is insufficient, will cause obstacles to plant growth; in general, the supply of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil is often insufficient. Some problems may also lack one or more trace elements in the soil, so the supplement of these nutrients usually Apply more chemical fertilizer to help grow. However, traditional chemical fertilizers often cause soil variability after using the soil for a period of time, causing physiological obstacles to planting crops. Chemical fertilizers are usually salts or compounds, in addition to the essential elements of plant nutrition, accompanied by Ingredients; they may directly or indirectly directly or indirectly constitute a pollution impact of soil and the environment, especially in the use of long-term chemical fertilizers. Over time, soil bases accumulate, soils harden, soil activity disappears, Beneficial microorganisms in the soil and protozoa (eg, cockroaches, etc.) disappear.

Although the fertilizer produced by the organic decomposition of plant leaves or manure (ie animal manure) by composting is used as the base fertilizer in the soil, and thereby improving the texture of the soil, the effect of the fertilizer is slow and the composition is also It is not uniform, and the fresh manure is harmful to plants. It must be fully decomposed before it can be used. Therefore, it is often difficult to make the soil quickly loose, with good ventilation and drainage, strong water retention and fertility.

The invention does not use the conventional artificial chemicals at all, but uses the natural organic substances as raw materials, without the problem of the prior phytotoxicity and the salt accumulation crystallization of other products, and the effective and convenient improvement of soil properties and the promotion of crop growth. After that, the invention is produced.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a plant nutritional formula.

Additionally, it is another object of the present invention to provide an improved soil.

The technical means used in the present invention to solve the problems of the prior art is a plant nutrition formula comprising: 35-45% by weight of nitrogen fertilizer; 5-15% by weight of phosphate fertilizer; 15-25% by weight of potassium fertilizer; 25-35% by weight of the organic matter; and 0.1-5% by weight of the trace element, and the trace element does not contain a heavy metal element; thereby, the plant nutritional formula can help improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil after application, It is beneficial to plant growth in the soil, and the plant nutrition formula can be increased or decreased according to the plant species, the number of years of growth, and the proportion of nutrient content.

Preferably, the plant nutrient formula, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is preferably provided by a seafood-based kitchen waste or a decomposed chicken excrement.

Preferably, the plant nutrient formulation, wherein the phosphate fertilizer is preferably provided by seabird excrement.

Preferably, the plant nutritional formula, wherein the potash is preferably provided by wood ash or bagasse.

Preferably, the plant nutritional formula, wherein the trace element comprises a group selected from the group consisting of 0.1-1% by weight of magnesium and 0.1-5% by weight of calcium.

Preferably, the plant nutritional formula, wherein the calcium of the trace element is preferably provided by 3% by weight of lime.

Preferably, the plant nutritional formula, wherein the trace element further comprises 0.1% by weight of sulfur.

Preferably, the plant nutritional formula, wherein the plant nutritional formula is preferably formulated as a stick plant nutrient.

In addition, the present invention further provides an improved soil comprising the above-mentioned plant nutritional formula and a soil, wherein the plant nutritional formula accounts for 60-80% by weight of the total weight, and the soil accounts for 20-40 of the total weight. % by weight.

Preferably, the improved soil, wherein the soil comprises 15-25% by weight of red jade sand and 5-15% by weight of loam.

Through the technical means adopted by the invention, the soil properties can be adjusted and the plant growth can be promoted, the harmful substances causing root decay in the soil can be decomposed, and the activities of the soil beneficial microorganisms can be promoted, the soil is loosened and the roots of the plants are developed normally to absorb nutrients. In terms of its most significant concrete results, it can successfully plant various fruit trees that are not suitable for planting in a small area, successfully planted in potted plants of predetermined volume, and overcome the problem of unsuitable climatic conditions, and successfully achieve growth, development, and results. purpose. Under the plant nutrition formula of the invention, the purpose of planting fruit trees can be achieved in a limited space such as a courtyard or a top floor of a general family, which has the advantages of viewing, beautifying, and eating.

Hereinafter, a plant nutritional formula of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to a preferred embodiment. The plant nutrition formula of the present invention comprises: about 40% by weight of nitrogen fertilizer, 10% by weight of phosphate fertilizer, 20% by weight of potassium fertilizer, 30% by weight of organic matter, and 0.1% by weight of trace elements, and the trace amount Elements do not contain heavy metal elements. Thereby, the plant nutrition formula can help improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil after application, and is beneficial to plant growth in the soil, and the plant nutrition formula can be proportioned according to plant species, growth years and nutrient content. And increase or decrease.

In the above plant nutrient formula, the nitrogen fertilizer is preferably provided by the marine food, such as fish, shrimp, and various types of crustaceans, marine food or cooked chicken excrement; the phosphate fertilizer is preferably by seabirds. Provided by excrement; potash is preferably provided by wood ash or bagasse; trace elements include about 0.5% by weight of magnesium (provided by peel, vegetable food), and 0.3% by weight of calcium (calcium of trace element) Preferred by lime Provided) and 0.1% by weight of sulfur. The above nutrient components mainly provide the nutrients required for plant planting, and promote the decomposition of soil organic matter when applied to plants, provide appropriate nutrients, promote the development of plant roots and the robustness of plants, and have physiological utilization value for crops.

Further, microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis , Enterococcus faecium , yeast ( Saccaromyces crecvisiae ), or Actinobacteria contained in the crab shell may be added at the time of planting.

It can antagonize phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. Bacillus subtilis produces a variety of different antibiotics in the metabolic process. Its anti-biomass is a peptide antibiotic with a molecular weight of 270~4500 Da. Its composition is multiple. Amino acids are linked by a cyclic structure, so that it is less susceptible to protein acid hydrolysis of passive plants, thereby inhibiting pests and diseases, accelerating fertilization, and metabolites can promote crop growth. At the same time, the metabolites of Bacillus subtilis are capable of dissolving inorganic or organic phosphides that are not easily dissolved in the soil, especially in the soil, which has been previously applied in agriculture, because the phosphorus in the phosphate fertilizer is very easy to interact with positive ions in the soil (calcium, Iron, aluminum, magnesium, etc. combine to form a phosphorus compound that is not easily dissolved, such as calcium phosphate, iron phosphate, aluminum phosphate, etc., and the loss of phosphorus is small, so phosphorus accumulates in the soil, but the crop is not easy to use, Bacillus subtilis It can cut off the phosphate ion and the cation binding site, so that phosphorus becomes solubilized, promotes the absorption of phosphorus, and promotes the effective application of the phosphate fertilizer in the soil. Since Bacillus subtilis can produce antibiotics that are toxic to phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria or even harmful insects; it can promote seed germination, unearthing, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and inhibit Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 The infection, thus promoting the growth of the roots, thereby increasing the yield, and the application effect of the roots or stem bases caused by other causes is also quite significant.

Lactic acid bacteria can secrete organic acids, hydrogen peroxide and antibacterial substances, improve plant resistance, and prevent harmful bacteria from decomposing or rotifying proteins. Therefore, it can also inhibit harmful bacteria from harmful substances to harm plant ecology; and the lactic acid bacteria can decompose The lactic acid or acetic acid produced during the preparation of the fertilizer inhibits the propagation of spoilage bacteria and pathogenic bacteria, and when the fertilizer is applied to the crop, the lactic acid bacteria will grow and proliferate as the dominant species, and the lactic acid bacteria will increase rapidly, so that the soil will be inhibited. Poor microbial growth. After the yeast is decomposed by fermentation, the protein in the organic matter can be decomposed into amino acids, polysaccharides and starches, and the carbohydrates, polysaccharides and starches are decomposed into oligosaccharides, glucose, fructose, etc., and the nucleic acids are decomposed into nucleotides. Directly provide a variety of organic nutrients needed for crop growth, while also producing vitamins. Yeast secretes proteinase, chitin, chitinase, glycolytic enzymes, and nucleic acid decomposing enzymes, which not only helps the decomposition of organic matter in the soil, but also increases the disease resistance of crops and other antibacterial metabolites.

Thereby, the plant nutrient formula can be used to establish a symbiosis living body, so that in the process of making the plant nutrient formula, the organic substances can be decomposed and decomposed, the acid scent is not emitted, and the organic matter is decomposed and made nutritious. It secretes organic acids, sugars, vitamin C, vitamins and plant growth hormones.

Next, a detailed description will be given of the use of the plant nutrition formula of the present invention; the plant nutrition formula of the present invention is prepared as a stick plant nutrient when applied, and is embedded in the periphery of the plant in a specific arrangement, which will The use of secretions or organic matter from the roots of plants to produce vitamins, plant growth factors, antibacterial substances and physiologically active substances, etc., promotes cell division and growth of crops or activates other beneficial microorganisms; at the same time, it can regulate soil pH and eliminate soils due to long-term mass Application of chemical fertilizers causes obstacles along the base concentration, producing mucus to promote the formation of agglomerate structure in the soil, and the gas it emits The formation of air pressure loose soil, thereby improving the cultivation of the soil, and at the same time, the macromolecular organic matter in the soil that cannot be absorbed by the plant can be decomposed into small molecular nutrients that the plant can absorb and utilize, thereby improving the fertilizer efficiency and reducing the amount of fertilizer application, and it is also difficult to be The absorbed inorganic nutrients are converted into a form that plants absorb more easily, and have the function of inhibiting pests and diseases. At the same time, the organic matter is decomposed to form the desired amino acid to provide appropriate nutrients for the crops to absorb.

The following is an experimental example in which the plant nutrition formula of the present invention is applied to a crop to explain the effects of the present invention. Here, a plurality of fruit trees are used as planting objects, and the plant nutrition formula of the present invention is formulated into a rod-shaped nutrient, and fertilization is carried out in the above manner, in addition to overcoming the conventional problems that the fruit trees cannot be planted in the traditional potted plants, after a period of time, Growing into a complete fruit tree and normal flowering results (such as the attached schema).

In addition, after confirming that the plant nutritional formula of the present invention is effective, the present invention further provides an improved soil, which is mainly composed of the above-mentioned plant nutritional formula and a soil, wherein the plant nutritional formula accounts for 60-80% of the total weight. In parts by weight, the soil comprises 20-40% by weight of the total weight, and the soil comprises 15-25% by weight of red jade sand and 5-15% by weight of loam.

In summary, the plant nutrient formula of the present invention is a natural organic substance, which is easily decomposed in the soil and absorbed and utilized by the roots of the crop, and does not use the conventional chemical substances, and does not have the problem of the previous phytotoxicity. And the accumulation of crystallization phenomena such as organic salts, and the use of the reaction between each microbial enzyme and its components, to help the soil physical and chemical properties, improve the effectiveness of crops planted in the soil and increase the nutrients in the soil, Supplement the amount of beneficial microorganisms in the soil to maintain the soil in a good ecological environment.

It can be seen from the above examples that the plant nutrient formula and the improved soil provided by the present invention have industrial use value, but the above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention. It is to be understood that those skilled in the art can make various other modifications in light of the above description, but such changes are still within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the invention as defined below.

Claims (10)

A plant nutritional formula comprising: 35-45% by weight of nitrogen fertilizer; 5-15% by weight of phosphate fertilizer; 15-25% by weight of potassium fertilizer; 25-35% by weight of organic matter; and 0.1-5% by weight a trace element, and the trace element does not contain a heavy metal element; thereby, the plant nutrient formula can help improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil after application, and is beneficial to plant growth in the soil, and the plant nutrition formula can be It is increased or decreased depending on the type of plant, the number of years of growth, and the proportion of nutrients. The botanical nutritional formula according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is preferably provided by a marine food waste or a cooked chicken waste. The botanical nutritional formula of claim 1, wherein the phosphate fertilizer is preferably provided by seabird excrement. The botanical nutritional formula of claim 1, wherein the potash is preferably provided by wood ash or bagasse. The botanical nutritional formula according to claim 1, wherein the trace element comprises a group selected from the group consisting of 0.1-1% by weight of magnesium and 0.1-5% by weight of calcium. The botanical nutritional formula of claim 5, wherein the calcium of the trace element is preferably provided by lime. The botanical nutritional formula according to claim 5, wherein the trace element further comprises 0.1% by weight of sulfur. The plant nutrition formula according to claim 1, wherein the plant nutrition The formulation is preferably formulated as a stick plant nutrient. An improved soil comprising the plant nutritional formula according to claim 1 and a soil, wherein the plant nutritional formula accounts for 60-80% by weight of the total weight, and the soil accounts for 20% of the total weight. 40% by weight. The improved soil of claim 9, wherein the soil comprises 15-25% by weight of red jade sand and 5-15% by weight of loam.