TW201236895A - Hybrid vehicle - Google Patents

Hybrid vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
TW201236895A
TW201236895A TW100130420A TW100130420A TW201236895A TW 201236895 A TW201236895 A TW 201236895A TW 100130420 A TW100130420 A TW 100130420A TW 100130420 A TW100130420 A TW 100130420A TW 201236895 A TW201236895 A TW 201236895A
Authority
TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
motor
engine
output
hybrid vehicle
generator
Prior art date
Application number
TW100130420A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Masahiro Yamazaki
Yoshimasa Hayashi
Original Assignee
Ygk Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ygk Co Ltd filed Critical Ygk Co Ltd
Publication of TW201236895A publication Critical patent/TW201236895A/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K6/485—Motor-assist type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/188—Controlling power parameters of the driveline, e.g. determining the required power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/24—Energy storage means
    • B60W2510/242—Energy storage means for electrical energy
    • B60W2510/244—Charge state
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)

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201236895 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 中將引擎之排氣能量回收 本發明係關於在混合動力車 之技術。 【先前技術】 利用引擎及馬達之混合動 發電專用而僅以馬達之動力行 之動力併用或僅以一方之動力 型及並聯型組合之串聯並聯型 力系統可分類為將引擎做為 進之串聯型、將引擎及馬達 行進之並聯型、將此等串聯 (分離型）。 於搭載此種混合動力系統之車輛中，於 JP2000-225871A記載有於減速時或下坡時藉由電動發電機 從車輪側驅動而將車輛之動能或位能轉換為電能並回收， 同時利用回收之電能於加速時輔助引擎，於低速行進時僅 以馬達之動力行進。 【發明内容】 在如上述之混合動力車中，回收之電能之來源係引擎 所做之功。亦即，回收之能量係從引擎之淨功獲得之電能。 對引擎供給之燃料所擁有之熱能之中，有效使用於動 力之比例最冋八有3〇〜34%。另夕卜’做為排氣被捨棄之能 量係熱能（J)、壓力P( Pa)與流量v( m3)之積pv( Nm=J) 即動能，此熱能與動能之合計亦達35%。此外，在冷卻系 統被捨棄之熱為20〜30%，從引擎表面放射之比例係5% 201236895 程度。 在此’若令排氣之流量v為每單位時間 與机董v之積PV之單位成為j/s=w 氣擁有之能量轉換為功之方法 ：：將此排 Μ - . π 可愿乂排亂渦輪做為旋 。收’再將此旋轉動力透過齒輪傳至曲柄軸。 ^而，由於排氣渦輪與曲柄軸之旋轉速度差 將排氣渦輪之旋轉速度減速後傳達之減速機構變複雜： :!:广：應增加等而使動力之一部分浪費。結果只能發 揮3/6程度之動力輔助效果。 本發明係以回收引擎之排氣能旦 手徘礼此里以使總合熱效率提升 符目的。 根據本發明之某態樣，提供_種混合動力車，以引擎 及馬達為驅動源而可行進，其特徵在於：具備藉由前述引 擎之排氣而旋轉驅動之排氣渦輪；藉由被前述排氣渦輪旋 :驅動Μ電之發《·，前述馬達係㈣由前料電機發 電之電力驅動。 根據上述之態樣，將引擎之排氣所擁有之能量以排氣 渴輪回收，將回收之能量轉換為電力後驅動馬達，故可使 弓丨擎之輪出減少馬達之驅動量，可使車輛全體之總合執效 率提升。 【實施方式】 以下，參照附圖同時針對本發明夕杳—，At 个赞明之貫施形態說明 首先針對第1實施形態說明β 201236895 圖1係顯示本發明之第1實施形態之混合動力車ι〇〇 之構成之概略構成圖。本實施形態中之混合動力車丨〇〇係 將引擎1、馬達19、變速機21以此順序配置而構成驅動力 傳達路徑，可以引擎1與馬達19之至少一方之驅動力行進。 引擎1與馬達1 9係於旋轉方向為直接連結狀態並以冲目 同速度旋轉。於馬達19之輸出側配設離合器2〇。在力矩變 換器搭載車輛之場合’係配設力矩變換器代替離合器2〇。 馬達19及離合器20係收容於鐘形箱18内。於離合器2〇 之輸出側係設置變速機21，從變速機21之輸出側透過萬向 接頭22及螺旋軸23往驅動輪傳達動力。 馬達19之轉子2 8係直接連結於引擎1之曲柄轴3 〇， 曲柄軸30之後端係連結於離合器20。曲柄軸3〇與轉子28 及離合器20可透過螺栓等鎖合，亦可栓槽結合。 曲柄軸30與轉子28係直接連結，故對變速機2 1係引 擎1與馬達19之力矩以相同旋轉速度輸入。亦即，引擎j 與馬達19之力矩之和輸入變速機21。 另一方面’於惰行時係從驅動輪透過離合器2〇驅動馬 達19。藉此，在動力從驅動輪往引擎1傳輸之惰行狀態下 可使馬達1 9做為發電機3 (電動發電機）作動。 混合動力車1 00除上述構成外，還具備回收引擎1之 排氣能量之排氣渦輪8、將排氣渦輪8之旋轉速度減速輪出 之減速機4、藉由減速機4之輸出軸旋轉驅動之發電機3。 來自引擎1之排氣通過排氣歧管2快速流入排氣渦輪 8，使排氣渦輪8以高速旋轉。排氣渦輪8之旋轉透過軸連 201236895 、。益5在減速機4傳達’減速為1/2〜1/6之旋轉速度後驅 動發電機3。 /連結ϋ 5係為了傳熱防止之目的而由熱傳導率小之 材資例如不錄鋼或陶£等構成。發電機3使高速旋轉發 電效率較好且對小型化有幫助，故以例如20_—程度使 旋轉。 &於排氣渴輪8與減速機4之間之轉接器7係防止從 排氣满輪8往減速機4之傳熱。轉接器7係於内部收容軸 連結器5 ’具有導入冷卻軸連結器5之空氣之通風孔6。 另外，混合動力車1〇〇除上述構成外，還具備電池n、 反向器ίο、總合控制控制n 14、馬達控^ i2、引擎控制 器1 5。 電池U係儲蓄以發電機3發電之電力，並對馬達19 供給電力之高壓電用之電池或電容器。 反向器H)係將以發電機3發電之電力轉換為既定之電 壓（例如200V)之直流後送往馬達19或電池u。此外， 反向器1G可以電氣方式調整發電機3之負荷，藉由使發電 負荷增大可抑制排氣渦輪8之旋轉速度之上升。 總合控制控制器14係基於從油門踩下量檢出感測器13 發送之油門踏板之踩下量或踩下速度來演算相對於其要求 輸出之引擎1與馬達19之分擔比率。 馬達控制器12係基於來自總合控制控制器μ之指 令，調整從電池U或馬達19供給之電力之電壓或頻率， 控制馬達1 9之驅動力。如圖2所；，处$ .土. 201236895 :之三相驅動電流之各相電流係分別供給至定子之三相線 ::各線圏(線圈U、線圈V、線圈w)，於定子生成旋: ::。此旋轉磁場使轉子28之永久磁石產生旋轉力矩從 轉子28之輸出軸輸出驅動力。 八弓1擎控制器15係基於來自總合控制控制器14之指 二蓄電於車輛用電池16之電力來電子控制節流間“ 汗又、喷射H Π之燃料喷射量（脈衝幅度）、點火時期。 27柄用電池16係積蓄藉由引擎丨而旋轉.驅動之交流發電機 27之發電電力。 圖3係顯示混合動力直 動及能量之流動之圖=°:=:控制信號之流 流動，粗箭頭係表示能量之㈣係表示控制信號之 引擎1,之排乳忐董係藉由排氣渦㉟8回收後驅動發電 發電機3發電之電力在反向器1G轉換為既定之電 …馬達控制器12控制電壓或頻率驅動馬達… 或者，以發電機3發電之電力蓄電於電池u。 :馬達控制器12之輸出電壓變高，只要電阻固定則電 、亦會正比於電壓增大。因此，電力係正比於電壓之平方。 以發電機3發電之電力之中沒有積蓄於電池H之部分 係實質上直接以馬達控制器12控制對馬達19卜。 =者之輸出(驅動力）要求最初傳達的是油。門踏板， ^踏板之踩下量或踩下速度輸人總合控· ” Μ』 &控制控制器14決定滿足駕駛者之要求輸出所必要之引擎 1與馬達之各自之輸出分擔。 要之引擎 8 201236895 在此’在電池π之充電狀態比既定之高充電狀態（例 如80% )還高之狀態下，以發電機3發電之電力不充電於 電池11而直接對馬達控制器12供給。做為防止電池u之 過充電之簡便之方法，可考慮例如在電池u之滿充電時之 電壓為200V之場合，使反向器1〇之出口側之電壓為與此 大致相等之200〜205V。 引擎控制器15係為了實線以總合控制控制器14決定 之引擎輸出而電子控制節流閥26之開度、喷射器】7之燃 料喷射量（脈衝幅度）、點火時期。 由於馬達1 9係藉由只要引整焱、番絲di 晋5丨孥為運轉狀態便會持續發電 之電力使動力產生，故以引擎丨 力羊1與馬達19產生之動力之和 有可能大於駕駛者之卷屯妗山 丄 5 f之要求輸出。在此場合，根據來自總合 控制控制器14之信號，引聲批制„ ^ .3) ^ 引擎控制窃15以節流閥致動器25 減少引擎1之吸入空ϋ吾 ή 罝。吸入空氣量減少後，以引擎控 制态1 5控制之噴射器i 7 之脈衝幅度自動變窄，喷射至吸 軋歧官2内之燃料之量減少。 此外，在引擎丨為柴油 、、亡鬥功私。。 卞，由弓丨擎之場合沒有節流閥26及節 机閥致動器25,故引擎控制 即 、士去+ & 6 审益1 5係直接控制來自配設於各 α缸之噴射閥之燃料噴射量。 ％各 其次針對熱效率改善 下、+、士々ν 果參照圖4同時說明。以例如 下迷方式假設在以燃料^ ”如 勘定。 镡有之熱能為100%之場合之熱 引擎1之有效功（ α Ρ) 3〇% 排氣損失（α e) 35% 201236895 冷卻損失（〇；c) 22% 其他（α 0 ) 1 3% α 0係發自夹而^主工 之合計。 之輻射所導致之損失與機械損失 下使用此等值异出本f㈣Μ & 可從排氣損失（α e、i a 果 之效率為口、減速機能^，在設排氣渦輪8 ^ 3^/5^ ' 減速齒輪之機械效率為7? m、發 電機3及反向器1G之各效率之積為以時 α p丨為 订王 旎 α ρ’=α e、t* n m* 7/ g…⑴ 在此’若令 Η=〇·4、^=0.98^ g=〇 9,由於^= 〇-〇.4*o,8,0,=0,2〇^ 擎1之效率’故可從引擎i做為動力取出 p' = 0.3 + 0.12 = 0.42 〇 Ρ α Η, Γ往對引^ 1供給之燃料所擁有之熱能轉換為動力之 :例為〇.3’而根據本實施形態會因馬達19而 右將此值以”=0.3為基準，（αρ+”，）/αρ=〇42/〇 3: U亦即成為40%之熱效率之提升。此外，隨著巧擎 輸出變大而可再生之電力亦增大為本實施形態之特徵； 在aP#ae為如前述之值之場合，(〇 35/ * ◎ ’但即使因運轉條件而此比例常數（〇35/〇3)變 必定於α。與αρ (輸出）之間有函數關係成立。 ’、 會正=若對Γ…之燃料之能量相同，” 會正比於《Ρ。亦即’Lp=K*ap’在此Lp為引擎輪出Κ 10 201236895 為比例常數。此外，由於如 立，故由⑴式”，亦為…?之間函數闕係成 ^ 71羊m出之函數。 在此场合’馬達19產生之輪出為0.4Lp，敌 L=Lp + 〇t4Lp *·* ( 2 ) 駕驶者要求之使康紅 式以 便車輛動之輸出L係如（2 LP + 0.4LP，亦即 αρ+αρ，使產生。 藉此’引擎1之輸出只要LP/(LP + 0_4Lp) =1/1 即足。如圖5所千— 〇·71 鈐山 在以往之引擎輸出虛線之場合，斟兮 輸出加上再生之雷六太丄 對忒 “ 所產生之馬達19之輸出之動力單元夕 輸出即成為實線1往之引擎輸出Α在本 单：之 故為了獲得相同輪屮σ 〜、成為Β， # 輸出/、要以比Α低之旋轉速度C即可。 一針對制動H肖耗率（BSFC)之改善效 熱效率30%之中之ή丨够 說月。 汽油之低㈣量A 42__/k #制動燃料消耗率在設 Μ 達 19之二 g ^28Gg/kWh。料1 之輸出之和對引擎1單體成為1.4伴m 為引擎uL:g:變。引擎1與馬達19之輸出之和成 二FCT “倍’故以此除消耗燃料之質量^ (_侧/28 2〇〇§請。制動燃料消耗率為 )/280—0.286，亦即改善約 29%。 在通常之駕馼狀態下駕駛者之要求輪 擎1與…之輸出之和滿足，但急加：二=以引 者之要求輸出急遽増加，故可能驅動輪出時駕駛 係以來自總合控制控制ϋ 14之指令加上積蓄昜 電能以使馬達μ之輸出增大。 積畜於電池η之 201236895 由於係馬達1 9所導致之輸出增大， 曰八敌不會如以往之 '、晶 輪車有渦輪延遲或衝擊性力矩產生而堃^ 叫烏駛钿控性改善。另 外’在此場合有來自電池Π之電力加 玟可使α ?，比α 大。 μ 在於電池11充分積蓄電力’無法再充電之場合（充 狀態比既定之高充電狀態還高之場合）係減少引擎丨之Ζ 出分擔，使馬達1 9之輸出增大以消耗電力。 ⑥ 此外，可從以發電機3發電之交流之頻率檢知排氣渴 輪8之旋轉速度^在排氣渦㉟8過旋轉之場合係將做為動 力源之輸出維持為一定同時減少引擎1之輸出，對應增加 馬達19之輸出分擔以使發電機3之電器負荷増大。藉^ 可使與引擎1之廢氣門閥相同之做用產生。 空轉時，活塞所做之功等於摩擦損失，前述之α ρ成為 0。但只要引擎1在旋轉排氣渦輪8亦會旋轉發電，故於空 轉時亦可獲得電力。 = 藉此，可以馬達19輔助引擎丨之旋轉，確保既定之空 轉旋轉速度同時節減燃料。此外，由於以馬達丨9輔助空轉 旋轉，故旋轉變動減少而獲得順利之空轉，可使空轉旋轉 速度降低。 士上述’在本實施形態係將引擎1之排氣所擁有之能 f以排氣渦輪8回收，將回收之能量轉換為電力後驅動馬 達1 9 ’故可使引擎1之輸出減少馬達1 9之驅動量，可減少 對引擎1供給之燃料之量而使車輛全體之總合熱效率提升。 因此’可相應減少引擎1之排氣量或改善功率變小之 12 201236895 稀溥燃燒弓丨擎車之駕駛操控性。 此外，基於駕駛者之要求輸出 輪出之比例，在引擎！與馬達19::二與馬… 要求輸出之場合係使前述…之輸=超過駕駛者之 之和相對於前述要求輸出而不足之:::二，在前述輸出 輔助引擎衿出…一要求輪出同時藉由馬達輸出 效率提升:]° "擎1之輸出降低而使車輛之總合熱 之輸另出外在=通常之駕駛時隨時係發電之電力輔助引擎1 之電力進等要求大輸出之場合係利用來自電池11 擎^排出订之Λ19之動力輔助，故可效率良好地回收從引 輸出更:實產:。，可使總合熱w 之二外，在電心之充電狀態比既定之高充電狀態還高 直：：：藉由前述發…發電之電力不經過前述電池U 致之劣：述馬達19供給，故可防止電池11之過充電所導 將刚述排氣渦輪8之旋轉速度減 ，故可以發電欵率良好之旋轉速 另外’藉由減速機4 速後往前述發電機3傳達 度使發電機3旋轉。 卜於則述排氣渦輪8與前述減逮機4之間係介裝 軸連結器5,故可防止排氣渦輪8之熱往減迷機4傳達且可 吸收旋轉軸之微小偏移。 其次’針對第2實施形態說明。 13 201236895 圖6係顯示本發明之笛墙^ 月义第2實施形態之混合動力車200 之構成之概略構成圖。在太奄 任本賞化形態係在不具備電池Π、 馬達控制器1 2、總合控制批也丨/ 弟J控制益14之方面與第1實施形態 相異。 本實施形態之混合動力鱼？ΛΛ ^ 勒刀旱200係將引擎1與以從排氣 能量再生之電能作動之黾邊丨 号違1 9做為一個動力源之簡易之系 統。以發電機3發電之雷 軍力紅由反向器10直接對馬達1 9 供給。反向器1 0係於斑胳；^,, 、與將交〜轉換為直流同時將使發電機 3發電之全電能能為如圖2之-知+化β/丄 、 圃之二相之矩形波電流（三相驅動 電流）而驅動馬達1 9。 因此，始終僅以從排氣能量再生之電力驅動馬達Μ， 故如以圖4說明般，馬達19之輸出始終比引擎！之輸出小。 駕駛者之要求輸出係做為油門踏板之踩下量或踩下速 度輸入引擎控制器I 5，引擎柝剎哭η篡认β上 7丨夺役制益1 5基於要求輸出來電子
控制節流閥2 6之開疳、哈如， L 開度喷射益17之燃料噴射量（脈衝幅 度）、點火時期。若引擎1之給屮織士目"秘γ 疋W出史大則排軋能量亦變大， 故隨此發電量增加，馬達19之輸出亦增大。
與第I實施形態同樣地，弓I w1與馬違19之輸出之和 雖與駕駛者之要求輸出相等駕 田方、馬’皱者並不知道個別 之輸出分擔’故可實現與僅以引墾 丨里Λ 5丨擎1仃進之車輛同樣之行 進感覺。 此外，由於不需要電幻卜馬達控制器！2、總合控制 控制器丨4，故可將系統簡化並輕量化。 工 其次’針對第3實施形態說明。 14 201236895 圖7係顯示本發明之第3實施形態之混合動力車300 之構成之概略構成圖。在本實施形態舞合器μ 之配置與第1實施形態相異’於離合器2〇之輸出側配 達心馬達19之轉子28係以栓槽結合等結合於對變速機 21傳輸動力之驅動軸29。 、 藉此’只要在關閉離合器2〇之狀態下對馬達！ 便可僅以電器動力行進（EV行進）。此外，於搭載力矩變 換器以代㈣合器20之車輛中，於惰行時可從驅動輪不受 力矩變換器之滑動之影響直接將動能再生。 與第1實施形態同樣地’總合控制控制器14從油門踏 板之踩下量演算駕駛者之輸出要求值m丨$ 1與馬達 19之輸出分擔’對馬達控制器12及引擎控制器15發送輸 出控制信號。馬達控制器12係控制對馬彡19供給之電力， 引擎控制器15係控制引擎1之輸出性能。 以上，雖已針對本發明之實施形態說明，但上述各實 施形態僅係顯示本發明之適用例者，並非意欲將本發明之 技術範圍限定於上述各實施形態之具體構成。在不脫離本 發明之主旨之範圍可為各種變更。 例如’在上述第1實施形態〜第3實施形態雖係將排 氣滿輪8之旋轉速度以減速機4減速後往發電機3傳達， 但/、要使排氣渦輪8之徑增大而旋轉速度成為2〇〇〇〇Γρηι程 度’可省略減速機4。在此場合，排氣渦輪8與發電機3係 以轴連結器5直接連結，可以相同之旋轉速度驅動。 本案主張基於對曰本國特許廳於2011年03月09曰申 15 201236895 琦之特願20 1 1 -5丨543號之優先權，將此申請之 由參照而組入本說明書。 内谷藉 【圖式簡單說明】 圓1係顯示本發明之第丨實施形態之混合動 成之概略構成圖。 之構 圖2係顯示從馬達控制器輸出之三相驅動電流之圖。 圖3係顯示控制信號之流動及能量之流動之圖。 圖4係針對熱效率提升效果說明之圖。 圖5係針對熱效率提升效果說明之圖。 圖6係顯示本發明之帛2 f施形態之混合動力車之構 成之概略構成圖。 圖7係顯示本發明之第3實施形態之混合動力車之構 成之概略構成圆。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 引擎 2 排氣歧管 3 發電機 4 減速機 5 軸連結器 6 通風孔 7 轉接器 8 排氣渦輪 16 201236895 10 反向器 11 電池 12 馬達控制器 13 油門踩下量檢出感測器 14 總合控制控制器 15 引擎控制器 16 車輛用電池 17 喷射器 18 鐘形箱 19 馬達 20 離合器 21 變速機 22 萬向接頭 23 螺旋轴 25 節流閥致動器 26 節流閥 2Ί 交流發電機 28 轉子 29 驅動軸 30 曲柄軸 100 混合動力車 17

Claims (1)

  1. 201236895 七 、申請專利範圍： 進 1…㈣合動力車’ ^丨擎及馬達為 其特徵在於： I IT 具備 藉由刖述引擎之排氣而旋轉驅動之排氣渦輪； 2由被刖述排氣渦輪旋轉驅動而發電之發電機； 則述馬達係以藉由前述發電機發電之電力驅動。 2、 如申請專利範圍第！項之混合動力車盆中， =基於前述混合動力車之要求輸出控制前述引擎斑 月J ^ 達之輸出比例之輸出控制部。 、 3、 如申請專利範圍第2項之現合動力車，A中， 前述輪出控制部在前述引擎 過前述要求給+夕+日人’連&视出之和超 浐出… 前述引擎之輸出降低，在前ii、 輸出之和相對於前述要求輸出而不地 之輸出增大。 琢口你使則述弓丨擎 4、 如申請專利範圍第1項之混合動力車，其中， 池;進一步具備將藉由前述發電機發電之電力蓄電之電 前述馬達係藉由蓄電於前述電池之電力驅動。 5、如_請專利範圍第4項之混合動力車其中， 前述輸出控制部在即使使前述引擎之輸出择大 出之和相對於前述要求輸出曰別述輸 電池之電力對前述馬達供給。h “係將畜電於前述 6、如申請專利範圍第4項之混合動力車，其令， 18 201236895 在前述電池之充電狀態比既定之高充電狀態還高之場 合，藉由前述發電機發電之電力不經過前述電池直接對前 述馬達供給。 7、 如申請專利範圍第1項之混合動力車，其中， 進一步具備將前述排氣渦輪之旋轉速度減速後往前述 發電機傳達之減速機。 8、 如申請專利範圍第7項之混合動力車，其中， 進步具備介裝於前述排氣渦輪與前述減速機之間之 軸連結器。 1如申請專利範圍第1項之混合動力車，其中， 前馬、查/ 、、、逆係可驅動及再生之電動發電機。 八、圖式： (如次頁） 19
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