TW201203583A - CIGS solar cell and the method for making the same - Google Patents

CIGS solar cell and the method for making the same Download PDF

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TW201203583A
TW201203583A TW099121861A TW99121861A TW201203583A TW 201203583 A TW201203583 A TW 201203583A TW 099121861 A TW099121861 A TW 099121861A TW 99121861 A TW99121861 A TW 99121861A TW 201203583 A TW201203583 A TW 201203583A
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solar cell
cigs solar
semiconductor layer
type semiconductor
array
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TW099121861A
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TWI405347B (zh
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Yan-Way Li
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Gcsol Tech Co Ltd
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201203583 六、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是有關於一種電池及其製造方法’且特別是有 關於一種太陽能電池及其製造方法。 【先前技術】 太陽能為一種環保的再生性能源,可轉換為其他形式 之能量如熱及電,且太陽能電池應用的範圍非常廣,大到 發電系統,小到消費性電子產品,但以太陽能作為在經濟 上具有競爭力的再生性能源,仍受到太陽能電池將光能轉 換為電能時之低效率所阻礙,因此,有效地提高太陽能電 池的產電效率,並降低太陽能電池的生產成本,已成為太 陽能電池的發展目標。 有關CIGS太陽能電池之先前技術如美國專利號碼 第 7018858 所揭露之 Light absorbing layer producing method專利,該專利用一種沉積前驅物層之雙靶式濺鍍法 〉儿積設備,採取一種雙把直立面對面設置進行共錢鍵 (co-sputter)的鍍膜方式,但因該方式將基板設置於靶材下 方,沉積過程若有污染顆粒產生,則容易發生該污染顆粒 順勢沉降至基板的缺點。 又如台灣專利號瑪第200917508號所揭露之光伏打接 收器專利,該技術之缺點在於太陽能接收器及光入射點之 間之焦距或點極大’故需大量空間及體積以安裝此接收 器’又,該製造方法於匯集陽光時所產生的熱度,必須另 外設置一冷卻系統來維持低於一特定溫度,否則所產生之 201203583 熱能將不利於太陽能電池的光轉電效率。 有鑑於此,得知CIGS太陽能電池仍未_完善,本發 明之目的係提供一高效率之CIGS太陽能電池結構與製作 方法。 【發明内容】 通常太陽能電池是由p型半導體層、本質半導體層 (intrinsic semiconductor layer )以及η型半導體層堆聂而 • 成,且Ρ型半導體層、本質半導體層以及η型半導體層皆 為非晶矽(amorphous silicon )材料。而以非晶石夕為材料的 半導體層往往存在著光吸收效果不佳的缺點,進而導致產 電效率不佳,為改善此問題,常利用增加本質半導體層厚 度的方式來增加光吸收效果’但同時也增加太陽能電池的 整體厚度與生產成本。有鑑於此,本發明在不增加本質半 導體層厚度與整體體積的條件之下,利用結構與形成方式 上的研發,藉由增加光吸收面積而提升光吸收量,也因^ Φ 增加光電轉換效率來提高產電效率,並可大幅降低生產成 本而提高太陽光能之經濟價值。 緣以達成上述目的之一,本發明在提供一種太陽能電 池結構,可使光電轉換效率增加,該發明之主要結構包含 玻璃基板、光吸收表面與光電轉換結構,其中,該玻璃1 - 板之至少一表面具有多個陣列式凹凸部,且該陣^式凹^ 部之最頂端延伸至最底端之距離為一預定深度;該光吸收 表面包含陣列式凹凸部最頂端所形成之表面、陣列式凹凸 部最頂端延伸至最底端所形成之表面、以及陣列式凹凸部 201203583 最底端基板除陣列式凹凸部所形成表面之集合;該光電轉 換結構由η型半導體層、p型半導體層與i型半導體層所 組成。其中,該η型半導體層為一 CIGS類化合物且位於
該光吸收表面之上方,該ρ型半導體層位於該η型半導體 層之上方且為一氧化物’且該i型半導體層位於該η型半 導體層與該ρ型半導體層間並為一氧化物,而該光電轉換 結構所形成之n-i-p結構則可促進各該層表面之接合效 果’藉以產生良好的界面接觸’進一步減少界面孔洞的形 成,因此增加量子效率,而能提高光電轉換效率。 再者’本發明之另一目的是在提供一種CIGS太陽能 電池之製造方法’由在玻璃基板表面產生之陣列式凹凸 部,該陣列式凹凸部之外形為幾何圖形柱體,例如圓柱體 或多邊形柱體等,藉以增加整體光吸收表面面積而增加光 吸收量’因此提高太陽能電池的產電效率。 又,本發明為一種CIGS太陽能電池之製造方法,該 方法包含下列步驟:提供一玻璃基板,塗佈一預定形狀之 ㈣膜於該玻縣板之狀位置處,並㈣璃基板於 #,劑中’於—預定時間後取出該玻璃基板清洗且去除 該膜’使該玻縣板之預定位置處形成多個預定形狀 ^列式凹凸部’纟中,該些陣列式凹凸部之最頂端所形 面1¾凹凸部之最頂端延伸至最底端所形成表面、以 人部^最底端基板除陣列式凹凸部所形成表面之集 穑霜y該光吸收表面;再者,依序於減吸收表面上沉 電於該下電極上沉積覆蓋-中間層,於該 曰,儿積覆蓋-光電轉換結構,其中,該光電轉換結 201203583 構包含有η型半導體層、p型半導體層與i型半導體層;最 後,於該光電轉換結構上沉積覆蓋一上電極’並於該上電 極上形成一導線,以及於該導線上沉積覆蓋一抗反射層。 綜上所述,本發明於結構與形成方式上的改變,可以 增加太陽能電池之光吸收量、光電轉換效率與其產電效率。 【實施方式】 為能更清楚地說明本創作之CIGS太陽能電池結構, • 茲舉較佳實施例並配合圖示詳細說明如後。 請參照第1A、1B、2A與2B圖,為本發明之一較佳 實施例,其分別繪示本發明CIGS太陽能電池之剖面示意 圖、局部剖面示意圖、本發明之玻璃基板俯視圖與第2A圖 玻場基板之側視圖。其中: 該CIGS太陽能電池1〇〇包含玻璃基板11〇、光吸收 表面120與光電轉換結構130。該玻璃基板11〇之至少一 表面包含多個陣列式凹凸部112,各該陣列式凹凸部112 之最頂端延伸至最底端之距離為一預定深度h,於本實施 ^中,該縣深度hh釐米以上,其中又以米為最 =又各該陣列式凹凸部之間具有相同之預定間距w與寬 其中間距以0.625釐米為最佳;且各該陣列式凹凸部 卜形為圓柱體之相同幾何圖案柱體,換言之,每一個陣 歹J式凹凸部112的外型與大小 板no之表面。 彳n且均佈於該玻璃基 另外,該光吸收表面12〇包含夂钫睡m 端所形成表面122、各該陣列式凹凸部: 201203583 最底端所形成表面124,以及各該陣列式凹凸部ii2最底 端基板除凹凸部112所形成表面126之集合。综上所述, 本發明之太陽能電池可藉由該陣列式凹凸部112之形成而 增加該玻璃基板之光吸收表面之表面積。 其中:光電轉換結構130由η型半導體層132、p型半 ' 導體層134與i型半導體層136所組成。該η型半導體層 132位於光吸收表面120上方,且該η型半導體層132為 一 CIGS類化合物,該CIGS類化合物之化學式為 φ Sn:Cu(Ini-xGax)Se2,於本實施例中,該化學式X值為 0.18〜0.3 ;又,該CIGS類化合物包含第一前驅化合物與第 二前驅化合物;其中該第一前驅化合物包含銅(Cu)、鎵 (Ga)與硒(Se)等元素’例如銅鎵硒合金,且該第二前 驅化合物包含姻(In)與碼(Se)等元素,例如铜砸合金。 再者,該光電轉換結構130之該p型半導體層134位 於該η型半導體層132之上方,且該p型半導體層134為 一氧化物’例如含銅與鋁之氧化物;又該光電轉換結構13〇 φ 之該.丨型半導體層136則位於η型半導體層132與ρ型半 導體層134間,且為一氧化物。 於本實施例中,該CIGS類化合物之厚度為15〇〇〜2500 奈米,能階為1.17eV,該i型半導體層為氧化亞銅(cU2〇), 其能階為2.1 eV,其厚度為5〜5〇奈米,該p型半導體層 134為氧化銅鋁(CuA1〇2),其厚度為3〇〜12〇夺米,苴能 •階,3,5 eV,使得太陽能所產生之π波長可依其波;高 低各自被η半導體層、i半導體層、ρ半導體層所吸收。 由於該Ρ型半導體層134與該η型半導體層132的能 201203583 階差異大,因此’利用i型半導體層136的氧化物使得p 型半導體層134 # η型半導體層132具有較好的接合界 面,並在界面上有較低之載子復合機率產生,進而提高量 子效率。 _ 上述實施方式乃藉由於玻璃基板上設置陣列式凹凸 . 部,在不增加CIGS太陽能電池的整體體積下,達到增加 光吸收表面積的目的。(表一)係列出比較例與多個實施 例,與其各自所增加的總表面積比例,於該表列出當玻璃 •基板尺寸為10〇平方公分時,在具有不同的陣列式凹凸部 的數目、寬度以及兩兩陣列式凹凸部間的間距條件下所 產生的總表面積與總表面積增加比例之計算結果;據此得 知,在相同尺寸之玻璃基板上,隨著陣列式凹凸部的數目 增加、寬度減少、以及排列越密集,則所增加的總表面積 越多,亦即表示此種態樣可增加CIGS太陽能電池的光吸 收表面積。 (表一) 陣列式凹凸部 寬度 間距 古riE 數量 總表面積 總表面積增加 (公分) (公分) --- (公分) (個) (平方公分) 比例 比較例1 0 0 0 0 100 實施例1 0.5 _ 0.5 0.2 64 120.1 20% 實施例2 0.25 0.25 0.2 256 140.2 40% 實施例3 0.125 0.125 0.2 1024 180.4 80% ----- 201203583 實施例4 0.0625 0.0625 0.2 4096 260,8 160% 再請參照第3圖為本發明CIGS太陽能電池之另一實 施方式,係同於第1A圖中所標示範圍Μ之剖面結構示意 圖。該CIGS太陽能電池200包含有玻璃基板210、光吸收 • 表面220、下電極230、中間層240、光電轉換結構250、 上電極260、導線270與抗反射層280等結構。其中,該 玻璃基板210、該光吸收表面220與該光電轉換纟士構250 φ 之結構皆與前述之實施方式相同’下列敘述僅針對不同之 處進行說明。
該下電極230位於該玻璃基板210且為該光吸收表 面220之上,且該下電極230可為一金屬材質或為一非金 屬氧化物。若該下電極230係為一金屬材質,: (Ti)、鉬(Mo)、鈕(Ta)或上述任意合金, (Mo)為優選材質;又,該中間層240位於光 250與下電極230之間,其材質包含錫(Sn) 或鉛(Pb)等元素,其中以錫(Sn)為優選材 其中又以鉬 電轉換結構 、碲(Te) 質。
π本貫施例T π」〜川奈米。 中’該中間層240位於該下電極230上,且 入bj ,, 卜電極230 金屬材質,則該基板中的鈉(Na)元素會藉由熱擴散穿 該下電極,以致於該下電極230與該光電轉換結、構 具有較好的介面接觸效果,並減少界面孔洞的形成。 另外,第4圖為本發明CIGS太陽能電池之又一 方式,係同於第1A圖中所標示範圍μ之剖面結構示 圖。請參照第4圖所示,若該下電極23〇係 … : 、,一非金屬 201203583 化物,例如氧化鋼錫(IT0),因氧化物具有阻礙納(Na)元素 擴散的效果,所以必須增設一納化合物層242於該中間層 240與該光電轉換結構25〇之間,例如氟化鈉(NaF),藉由 鈉源之補充以輔助吸收| CIGS的成長,糾之太陽能電 池具備吸收層前後皆可透光的特性,可增進吸收層的陽光 - 吸收效益。 且該上電極260位於該光電轉換結構25〇之上方,於 本實施例中,該上電極260之厚度為4〇〇〜12〇〇奈米,材質 籲係為銘摻雜氧化鋅(AZ0,Zn〇:A1);該導線27❹則位於上 電極260之上方;該抗反射層28〇則位於導線27〇之上方, 於本實施例中,該抗反射層280之厚度為8〇〜15〇奈米,材 質為氮化矽(Si3N4:H)。 再者,為了能清楚地說明本創作之CIGS太陽能電池 之製造方法,茲舉較佳實施例並配合圖示詳細說明如後。 請參照第5圖係為一種CIGS太陽能電池製造方法之 流程示思圖。該太陽能電池製造方法之步驟包含提供 φ 玻璃基板(步驟31 〇 )、形成陣列式凹凸部(步驟32〇 )、形 成下電極(步驟330 )、形成中間層(步驟340 )、形成光電 轉換結構(步驟350)、形成上電極(步驟36〇)、形成導線 (步驟370)與形成抗反射層(步驟38〇)。 另請加參照第6圖係為該CIGS太陽能電池製造方法 • 中,形成陣列式凹凸部(步驟320)之流程400示意圖。 首先’於一玻璃基板410表面之預定位置處塗佈保護膜420 為一預定形狀,於本實施例中該保護膜42〇係為石蠟;再 將該玻璃基板410浸泡於一蝕刻劑例如氫氟酸水溶液中一 201203583
預定時間進行酸蝕,藉以於該玻璃基板410之表面形成多 個陣列式凹凸部430 ;然而隨著浸泡之時間越長,所形成 的陣列式凹凸部之最頂端延伸至最底端距離的深度越大; 接著取出該玻璃基板410清洗並藉由例如曱醇加以去除該 保護膜420,即可產生一具有多個陣列式凹凸部430之玻 璃基板410,此時該陣列式凹凸部430之最頂端所形成表 面432、最頂端延伸至最底端所形成之表面434與最底端 基板除陣列式凹凸部430所形成表面436之集合,即為本 發明之光吸收表面440。 又於該光吸收表面440之輪廓向外延伸方向沉積覆蓋 形成一下電極(步驟330),其中該下電極之材質可選自金 屬材質或非金屬氧化物二者之一;又於該下電極上沉積覆 蓋一中間層(步驟34〇),其中,該中間層可選自錫、碲或 鉛等兀素:於此實施例中,其厚度設定為5〜50奈米,若 該:電極係為一非金屬氧化物,貝需增設-鈉化合物層於 1二二該光電轉換結構之間;接著沉積覆蓋一光電轉 二=驟350)於該中間層之上,其中,該光電轉換 人^成n型半導體層、丨型半導體層與ρ型半導體層 該η型半導體層之形成步驟係包含於中間層上形 藉IS以二前驅物膜’並於似族元素之氣氛下’ I ^ .式形成一 CIGS類化合物,該CIGS類化合物 :式為Sn:Cu(Ini你抑2,其中χ值為〇」8〜〇 3 ’此 時使該中間層擴散摻入該⑽類化合物;於此 歹1 ,該第一前驅物膜包含銅、鎵與硒元素,該第二 [S3' 12 201203583 前驅物膜包含銦與硒元素,且該η型半導體層之厚度為 1500〜2500奈米。 又,該第一與第二前驅物膜之形成方法可為電鍍、無 電電鍵、原子層沉積、化學氣相沉積、金屬一有機化學氣 相沉積或物理氣相沉積,其中以物理氣象沉積為優選;而 前述熱處理步驟係利用活化一激發源將VIA族元素蒸氣活 性化,而該活化激發源之方式可為電子束、離子束、電漿 共振裝置或熱裂解,其中以熱裂解搭配電漿共振裝置為優 選,此時熱處理之實際溫度為380 °C〜600 °C。 另外,該i型半導體層之形成方式為以原子層沈積法 (Atomic layer deposition,ALD )於 η型半導體層上沈積 銅膜,再通入氧氣以180°C進行熱氧化處理,而形成氧化 亞銅層;於本實施例中,所形成之氧化亞銅層厚度為5〜50 奈米;該p型半導體層則以濺鍍法沈積於i型半導體層上, 該p型半導體層包含銅與鋁之氧化物。 承上依序於該光電轉換結構(步驟350)上沉積覆蓋 該上電極(步驟360)、於該上電極上形成該導線(步驟 370)、以及於該導線上沉積覆蓋該抗反射層(步驟380)。 於本實施例中,該上電極與該抗反射層皆利用濺鍍法沈積。 再者,依(表一)之實施例4所示簡述如下:將玻璃基 板表面塗佈圓形圖樣之石臘,該圓形直徑為0.0625公分, 兩圓形間的間隔為0.0625公分;待石臘硬固,將玻璃基板 整個浸入氫氟酸水溶液中進行蝕刻,約30 - 40分鐘後,於 玻璃基板表面形成2公釐高之圓柱凸出物,此時玻璃基板 之表面積增加約160%。 m 13 201203583 接著’進行元件製程。於玻璃基板之具有圓柱凸出物 表面以濺鍵法沉積1 y m之背電極。隨後分別沉積錫薄膜 (中間層)、銅鎵硒膜(CuGaSe)與銦硒(InSe)膜於背電 極表面’並對玻璃基板進行熱處理°該熱處理利用兩階段 • 溫度來使錫薄膜、銅鎵硒膜與銦硒膜交互擴散與化合反 • 應;第一階段通入高溫活化後的硒蒸氣以進行硒化,其溫 度約為400°C。第二階段則為同時通入高溫活化後的硒蒸 氣與硫蒸氣,進行硒化與硫化溫度之約為580°c ;最後形 φ 成表面硫化的銅銦鎵硒層,厚度約2000奈米;此時
Cu/(In+Ga)值為 0.85〜0.90,Ga/(In+Ga)則約為 0.25。 又利用原子層沉積法於180°C下沉積銅膜;於180°C下 通入氧氣進行熱氧化處理,使銅銦鎵硒層上形成厚度約3〇 奈米的氧化亞鋼薄膜;此時CuA102與AZO薄膜均以濺鍍 法沉積製作。 待元件製作完成後,以l〇〇mW/cm2(AM1.5)之光源進 行電性量測。請參照第7圖所示為上述實施例之電性量測 φ 結果圖。該實施例之開路電壓(Voc)為0.47 V,填充因子 (Fill Factor,FT)為64.54%,其太陽能電池效率為10.52 %。 由上述本發明實施方式可知,應用本發明具有下列優 點: 第一 ’利用蝕刻技術使得太陽能電池表面具有陣列式 凹凸部’增大整體太陽能電池之光吸收表面,以增加光吸 收量’進而提高太陽能電池的產電效率。 第二’於下電極與光電轉換結構間沈積中間層,使得 201203583 下電極表面濕潤,因而使下電極與光電轉換結構間具有較 好的接合效果,減少下電極與光電轉換結構的界面孔洞。 第三,i型半導體層的氧化物使得p型半導體層與η 型半導體層具有較好的接合界面,進而提高量子效率。 • 雖然本發明已以實施方式揭露如上,然其並非用以限 - 定本發明,任何熟習此技藝者,在不脫離本發明之精神和 範圍内,當可作各種之更動與潤飾,因此本發明之保護範 圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 【圖式簡單說明】 為讓本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵、優點與實施例 能更明顯易懂,所附圖式之說明如下: 第1Α圖係繪示本發明一較佳實施例的一種CIGS太陽 能電池之剖面示意圖。 第1Β圖係繪示第1Α圖之CIGS太陽能電池中,局部 剖面示意圖。 • 第2Α圖係繪示第1Α圖之CIGS太陽能電池中,玻璃 基板之俯視圖。 第2B圖係繪示第2A圖之玻璃基板的側視圖。 第3圖為本發明CIGS太陽能電池之另一實施方式, 係同於第1A圖中所標示範圍Μ之剖面結構示意圖。
• 第4圖為繪示本發明又一實施方式依照之一種CIGS • 太陽能電池,同於第1A圖中所標示範圍Μ之剖面結構示 意圖。 L S] 15 201203583 第5圖係為一種CIGS太陽能電池製造方法之流程示 意圖。 第6圖係繪示第5圖之CIGS太陽能電池製造方法中, 形成陣列式凹凸部之流程示意圖。 • 第7圖係繪示上述實施例之電性量測結果圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 100 : CIGS太陽能電池 φ 112 :陣列式凹凸部 122 :表面 126 :表面 132 : η型半導體層 136 : i型半導體層 210 :玻璃基板 230 :下電極 242 :納化合物層 φ 260 :上電極 280 :抗反射層 310 - 380 :步驟 410 :玻璃基板 430 :陣列式凹凸部 434 :側面 434 440 :光吸收表面 h:預定深度 w :預定間距 110 :玻璃基板 120 :光吸收表面 124 :側面 130 :光電轉換結構 134 : p型半導體層 200 : CIGS太陽能電池 220 :光吸收表面 240 :中間層 250 :光電轉換結構 270 :導線 300 :太陽能電池製造方法 400 :流程 420 :保護膜 432 :最頂端表面 436 :最底端表面 d :寬度 Μ :範圍

Claims (1)

  1. 201203583 七、申請專利範圍: 1. 一種CIGS太陽能電池,包含: 一玻璃基板,該玻璃基板之至少一表面包含複數個陣 . 列式凹凸部,該些陣列式凹凸部之最頂端延伸至最底端之 _ 距離為一預定深度; 一光吸收表面,包含該些陣列式凹凸部最頂端形成表 面、該些陣列式凹凸部由最頂端延伸至最底端所形成表面 與該些陣列式凹凸部最底端基板除陣列式凹凸部所形成表 $面之集合;以及 一光電轉換結構,該光電轉換結構由下列各層所組成: 一 η型半導體層,位於該光吸收表面上方,且η型 半導體層為一 CIGS類化合物; 一 ρ型半導體層,位於該η型半導體層上方,且該 Ρ型半導體層為一氧化物;以及 一 i型半導體層,位於該η型半導體層與該ρ型半 | 導體層間,且該i型半導體層為一氧化物。 2. 如請求項1所述之CIGS太陽能電池,更包含: 一下電極,位於該玻璃基板與該光電轉換結構之間, 且該下電極為一金屬。 • 3.如請求項2所述之CIGS太陽能電池,其中該金屬係 選自鈦、鉬、组或由上述任意合金所組成之組合。 m 17 201203583 4. 如請求項1所述之CIGS太陽能電池,更包含: 一下電極,位該玻璃基板與該光電轉換結構之間,且 該下電極為一非金屬氧化物;以及 一鈉化合物層,位於該下電極與該光電轉換結構之間。 5. 如請求項1所述之CIGS太陽能電池,更包含: 一上電極,位於該下電極上方。 6. 如請求項1所述之CIGS太陽能電池,更包含: 一中間層,位於該光電轉換結構與該下電極之間。 7. 如請求項6所述之CIGS太陽能電池,其中該中間層 材質為錫、碲或鉛。 8. 如請求項5所述之CIGS太陽能電池,更包含: 一導線,位於該上電極之上方。 9. 如請求項8所述之CIGS太陽能電池,更包含: 一抗反射層,位於該導線之上方。 10. 如請求項1所述之CIGS太陽能電池,其中該預定 深度為1釐米以上。 11. 如請求項1所述之CIGS太陽能電池,其中該CIGS 18 201203583 類化合物包含一第一前驅化合物與一第二前驅化合物。 12. 如請求項11所述之CIGS太陽能電池,其中該第一 前驅化合物包含銅、鎵與硒。 13. 如請求項11所述之CIGS太陽能電池,其中該第二 前驅化合物包含姻與砸。 14. 如請求項1所述之CIGS太陽能電池,其中該 CIGS類化合物之化學式為SniCi^InkGaJSey其中X值為 0.18 - 0.3 。 15. 如請求項1所述之CIGS太陽能電池,其中該p 型半導體層包含銅與鋁之氧化物。 16. 如請求項1所述之CIGS太陽能電池,其中該些 ® 陣列式凹凸部具有相同之一預定間距。 17. 如請求項16所述之CIGS太陽能電池,其中該預 定間距為0.625釐米。 18. 如請求項1所述之CIGS太陽能電池,其中該些陣 列式凹凸部之外形為幾何圖形柱體。 19 201203583 19. 如請求項18所述之CIGS太陽能電池,其中該些 陣列式凹凸部之外形為圓形柱體。 20. —種CIGS太陽能電池之製造方法,包含: ' 提供一玻璃基板; • 形成複數個陣列式凹凸部於該玻璃基板之至少一表 面,其中,該些陣列式凹凸部最頂端形成表面、由最頂端 延伸至最底端所形成表面與最底端基板除陣列式凹凸部所 φ 形成表面的集合為一光吸收表面; 沉積覆蓋一下電極於該光吸收表面上; 沉積覆蓋一中間層於該下電極上; 沉積覆蓋一光電轉換結構於該中間層上,該光電轉換 結構包含一 η型半導體層、一 p型半導體層與一 i型半導 體層; 沉積覆蓋一上電極於該光電轉換結構上; 形成一導線於該上電極上;以及 • 沉積覆蓋一抗反射層於該導線上。 21. 如請求項20所述之CIGS太陽能電池之製造方法, 其中該些陣列式凹凸部之形成步驟包含: 塗佈一保護膜於該玻璃基板之一預定位置處; 浸泡該玻璃基板於一蝕刻劑中,於一預定時間後取出 « 並清洗;以及 去除該保護膜。 m 20 201203583 22.如請求項20所述之CIGS太陽能電池之製造方法, 其中該些陣列式凹凸部之最頂端延伸至最底端方向之距離 為1釐米以上。 - 23.如請求項20所述之CIGS太陽能電池之製造方 法,其中該下電極為一金屬。 φ 24.如請求項23所述之CIGS太陽能電池之製造方法, 其中該金屬係選自鈦、鉬、组或其上述任意合金。 25. 如請求項20所述之CIGS太陽能電池之製造方法, 其中該下電極為一非金屬氧化物;以及更形成一鈉化合物 層於該下電極與該光電轉換結構之間。 26. 如請求項20所述之CIGS太陽能電池之製造方法, • 其中該中間層為錫、碲或鉛。 27.如請求項20所述之CIGS太陽能電池之製造方法, 其中該η型半導體層係在VIA族元素之氣氛下,將一第一 前驅物膜以及一第二前驅物膜經熱處理方式後形成。 28.如請求項27所述之CIGS太陽能電池之製造方法, 其中該第一前驅物膜包含銅、鎵與硒。 21 201203583 29. 如請求項27所述之CIGS太陽能電池之製造方法, 其中該第二前驅物膜包含銦與硒。 30. 如請求項27所述之CIGS太陽能電池之製造方法, 其中形成該第一與該第二前驅物膜之方法選自電鍍、無電 電鍵、原子層沉積、化學氣相沉積、金屬_有機化學氣相 沉積或物理氣相沉積。 31. 如請求項27所述之CIGS太陽能電池之製造方法, 其中該熱處理步驟包含: 活化一激發源以將VIA族元素之蒸氣活性化,活化激 發源之方式為電子束、離子束、電漿共振裝置或熱裂解。 32. 如請求項27所述之CIGS太陽能電池之製造方法, 其中該熱處理之溫度為380 °C - 600 °C。 33. 如請求項20所述之CIGS太陽能電池之製造方法, 其中該η型半導體層包含SmCi^InkGadSes,X為0.18 -0.3。 34.如請求項20所述之CIGS太陽能電池之製造方法, 其中該p型半導體層包含銅與鋁之氧化物。 22 201203583 35. 如請求項20所述之CIGS太陽能電池之製造方法, 其中該些陣列式凹凸部間具有相同之一預定間距。 36. 如請求項20所述之CIGS太陽能電池之製造方法, 其中該些陣列式凹凸部之外形為幾何圖形柱體。
    m 23
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