TW201016721A - An alkalinity controlling composition, method for making same and uses thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

An alkalinity controlling composition having a pectin-containing material. The pectin-containing material may be from a fruit material, a vegetable material, or combination thereof. The pectin-containing material may be treated with an alkali treatment composition. The alkalinity controlling composition may be used in products that control the alkalinity of human skin or on animal skin, such as lotions, creams, or animal litters.

Description

201016721 VI. OBJECTS: BACKGROUND [0001] Illustrative specific examples relate to a composition that protects the skin and controls alkalinity, which comprises at least one carboxylic acid polysaccharide, and the composition protects the skin and/or controls it. use. [Description of Related Art] When poultry, chicken or other animals with footpads move around in their own excretions, the ammonia released may cause burns and ulcers in the animal's feet. This may cause the animal to be very painful and may cause the animal to become inactive, further accelerating the burn process and making the animal vulnerable to attack by other animals. In addition, burns may increase the risk of inflammation. It is estimated that only 100,000 chickens per day in the UK die prematurely due to these problems. Some publications disclose compositions suitable for use in personal care products for human skin and for use on the skin of animals. For example, Ep 1812120 (hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety herein in its entirety in its entirety herein in its entirety herein in its entirety in its entirety herein in its entirety in its entirety in its entirety in its entirety in its entirety in its entirety A high DE carboxylic acid polysaccharide having a degree of esterification (DE) in the range of from about 7% to about 1% by weight, more preferably from about 80% to about 1% by weight. EP 1812120 also teaches a skin-protecting and alkali-controlling composition comprising a mixture of at least one two DE carboxylic acid polysaccharide and at least one mDE carboxylic acid polysaccharide, wherein the high DE carboxylic acid polysaccharide has from about 7 % to about 1 Torr. %, preferably about 80% to about 1 〇〇〇 /. The degree of esterification (DE) in the range, and the low DE carboxylic acid polysaccharide has from about 5% to about 70% 'more preferably from about 5% to about 4% by weight, and most preferably from about 1% to about 10% from 201016721 to about 35% of the ester. Degree of development (DE). The composition disclosed in EP 1812120 comprises a polysaccharide which has undergone a purification process such as filtration and a separation process such as alcohol precipitation to obtain a refined polysaccharide. However, such polysaccharides may be relatively expensive, especially when used to reduce or eliminate foot burns. U.S. Patent No. 1,36, 5,000, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety in its entirety in the the the the the the the The method of McDih separates the oil, juice and seeds and then grinds the remaining slurry. After drying, the crude pectin preparation can be boiled in the juice by adding sugar to form a jelly. U.S. Pat. Le〇 screens the extract instead of filtering to remove the seed and undecomposed fibers, and after homogenizing the cake into a colloidal size, it is precipitated in the alcohol. Leo did some separation and precipitated the crude pectin in alcohol. U.S. Patent No. 2,132,065, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety in the entirety the the the the the the the the the the the the the the I! Hours. Wih〇n discloses that after washing, compressing and drying, the material is dissolved in the water containing trisodium phosphate and sodium oxychloride, and the obtained product can be used as it is for quenching steel, or it can be precipitated in an alcohol and dry. The description of certain advantages and disadvantages of the known compositions, processes and methods are not intended to limit the scope of the specific examples. In fact, specific examples may include some or all of the processes, methods, and processing components described above without the same disadvantages. [Summary of the Invention] The above specific embodiment of the present invention provides a relatively inexpensive composition for controlling alkalinity. More specifically, the specific examples described herein relate to compositions that control alkalinity, although such compositions are made from pectin-containing starting materials that have not been significantly purified, but are surprisingly provided The refined pectin has a comparable buffering effect and a reduced pH over time. The skin care compositions of the specific examples of the present invention can be used in humans or animals to reduce or eliminate foot burns. Accordingly, a specific embodiment is characterized by providing a composition for controlling alkalinity comprising a pectin-containing material. According to another embodiment, a product for protecting the skin or controlling alkalinity of human skin or animal skin comprises a sheet having a controlled alkalinity containing a pectin material. According to another embodiment, the litter material comprises a composition having a controlledness test comprising a fruit material. According to yet another embodiment, a method of making a composition having a controlled alkalinity comprising a pectin material comprises the steps of: (a) providing a pectin-containing material; (b) being in the range of from about 50 ° C to about 75 ° C. Treating the pectin-containing material in an alkaline aqueous solution having a pH of about 8 to about 1 Torr at a temperature for a period of time ranging from about several hours to about 4 hours, and (c) washing the knee with a solution containing about 60% alcohol. The treated pectin-containing material is removed to remove the excess test. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The objects and advantages of the exemplary embodiments will be apparent from the following description, taken in conjunction with the appended claims. 201016721 Figure 1 illustrates the pectin obtained from untreated dried pericarp and the DE of pectin obtained from direct treatment of dried peel alkali according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 2 illustrates the pect of pectin obtained from untreated dry peel and the Mw of pectin obtained by direct treatment of dried peel alkali according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 3 shows a titration curve of a pectin-containing material obtained from an untreated peel and a pectin-containing material obtained from a directly alkali treated peel according to an exemplary embodiment. Fig. 4 shows the pectin obtained according to an exemplary specific practice and subsequent precipitation. Fig. 5 shows the Mw of pectin obtained by direct alkali treatment followed by phlegm from the dried peel according to an exemplary specific example. Fig. 6 shows a titration curve of a pectin-containing material obtained by direct alkali treatment followed by precipitation from a dried peel according to an exemplary embodiment. Fig. 7 shows DE of pectin obtained by direct treatment of the dried dried pericarp by subsequent treatment according to an exemplary embodiment. e: 8 shows: M^ of the pectin obtained from the dried dried peel by direct alkali treatment followed by precipitation according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 9 shows the titration curve of the pectin-containing material obtained by direct treatment and subsequent precipitation according to an exemplary embodiment, and the results are shown by the example of the example. Glue extract and base M m as _ A < dry pectin DE. Glue Two examples of the acid-extracted fruit, the alkali-treated pectin extract and (4) the fruit M of the 12-dried pectin. It is not according to an example of a representative example of acid extracted fruit 7 201016721 Glue, empirically treated pectin extract and empirically processed dry pectin titration curve. Figure 13 shows the titration curve of the untreated peel before and after pickling according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 14 shows the buffering capacity of various peel derived products according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 15 shows a titration curve of a pectin-containing material obtained from commercial pectin production according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 16 shows the buffering capacity of a pectin-containing material obtained from commercial raw materials and a pectin-containing material obtained from commercial pectin production according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 17 shows titration of wet peels empirically treated according to an exemplary specific example. curve. Figure 18 shows the total depletion of the pectin-containing material selected according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 19 shows the reduction in pH of the beater for samples of different concentrations of untreated peel according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 20 shows a reduction in the pH of the untreated pulp and the alkali treated peel according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 21 shows the effect of pH on the pH of the sample over time for a sample of untreated peel according to an exemplary embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENT The following description is intended to convey a thorough understanding of the specific examples of 201016721 by providing many specific specific examples and details relating to compositions for controlling alkalinity for protecting the skin or controlling the degree of control. However, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited In addition, it will be appreciated that those skilled in the art will be aware that the skilled artisan will appreciate the use of the present invention in many alternative embodiments to achieve its intended purpose and benefit. It relates to a composition having a controlled alkalinity of pectin or a pectin-containing material, which provides alkalinity control to human skin and animal skin. Surprisingly, the inventors have discovered that it can handle ® pectin-containing materials to provide buffering capacity, and the pectin-containing material itself presents an alarmingly high amount of alkali. Exemplary pectin and pectin-containing materials can be combined with ammonia up to about 6 times the amount of sodium hydroxide, and are not intended to be bound by a particular theory. The composition of the exemplary embodiment can control the release of ammonia from animal excreta, thereby * Provides to reduce or eliminate the effects of ammonia on foot burns, reduce or eliminate the improper fertilization caused by airborne ammonia from animal farms, and reduce or eliminate the airborne ammonia emitted by animal farms. Methods of discomfort and health hazards. ® In an illustrative embodiment, the composition controlling alkalinity may comprise pectin obtained from a pectin-containing material, including but not limited to fruits and vegetables. Examples of pectin-containing materials include, but are not limited to, citrus fruits such as dial, lemon, liine, grapefruit, tangerine, clementine clementine and fruit; apples and apples An apple residue produced from juice; berries and berry residues produced by juicing; and beets and beet residues produced by, for example, sugar extraction. For a list of other examples of pectin-containing materials, see Kertesz, Z.I.: 201016721

Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York (195 1). In an exemplary embodiment, the composition may contain pectin from citrus peel and sugar beet residue, preferably from citrus peel, and even better from orange peel. In an exemplary embodiment, the pectin-containing material may be provided in fresh form, washed with water, washed with an acidic aqueous solution and used as is, or transported and/or used after drying. In an illustrative embodiment; the pectin-containing material comprises fresh and dried citrus peels and dried beets produced by sugar extraction; more preferably, the pectin-containing material comprises dried citrus peels; and even better dried orange peel. © In an exemplary hip example, the composition controlling alkalinity may comprise a pectin-containing material obtained from dried citrus peel. Exemplary dry peels may be unground or ground to a particle size of about 2 to 4 mm. The dried peel may be treated in water or in alkaline water having a pH in the range of from about 8 to about 1 Torr, preferably a pH of from about 9 to about 1 Torr, and even more preferably about 1 Torr. The dried peel may be treated in water or alkaline water at a temperature in the range of from about 50 ° C to about 75 ° C for a period of from about 1 hour to about 4 hours. The dried peel can also be treated in a 60% aqueous alkaline alcohol solution. Exemplary alcohols include methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol. A mixture of alkaline water and peel can be precipitated in a 2 to 3 volume alcohol after the treatment. In an illustrative embodiment, the treated material can be washed in a mineral acid or a mixture of an organic acid and an alcohol to remove the excess test. One example of a non-acid is hydrochloric acid. It can be washed in 60% alcohol after pickling to remove excess acid. Exemplary pectin-containing materials from treated dried peels can be used as such or can be dried. For example, the treated dried peel can be dried at a temperature of from about 68 ° C to about i ° 5 ° C for a period of time ranging from about 2 to about 16 hours. 10

In another exemplary embodiment, the composition for controlling alkalinity may comprise a pectin-containing material obtained from a treated pectin in a dry form, in a precipitated form, or as a solution or extract. An exemplary pectin in a pectin-containing material obtained from a treated dried peel at a temperature of about 5 (rc temperature of about 201016721) has a degree of integration (DE) in the range of about 77%. The fruit can have a molecular weight (Mw) in the range of about 29, DaltQn to about m, and the pectin-containing material can show about 2.5 ml (Μ M NaOH / pH unit to about 2G ml Qa M (10) buffer capacity in the range of cations. I. The self-treated dried peel contains an exemplary pectin-containing material of about 5 millimoles Na〇H/g containing pectin material to about 12 millimoles. The total alkali consumption of the pectin-containing material; the corresponding ammonia consumption can be up to about 6 times. The treatment of these exemplary pectin-containing materials in an alkaline aqueous solution or an alkaline 60% alcohol solution takes about several hours to about The time within the range of 3 hours. In the specific example where the pectin is an extract, the treated extract can be precipitated in 2 to 4 volumes of 80% alcohol. The precipitate or dried pectin can then be used with 6% by weight of alcohol. Washing, washing with an acid in an alcohol, and washing away excess acid with 6 oz/0 alcohol to form a pectin-containing material. This material can be used as it is or at about 68t to about L〇5t: drying at a temperature of from about 2 to about 16 hours. The exemplary pectin in the pectin-containing material produced by this exemplary method may have a range of from about 27% to about 62% when the starting material is a skin. DE within, and when using another citrus peel product, the DE value may be more such as up to about 78%. The pectin contained in the fruit-containing material produced by the exemplary method may have about 77,000 ear-swallowed Molecular weight in the range of about 154,000 ear drops. Pectin-containing material can show about 14 ml 0.1 Μ

NaOH / pH unit to about 26 ml 0.1 M NaOH / pH unit range of 201016721 impulse capacity. In a still-exemplified embodiment, the composition of the control assay may comprise a pectin-containing material obtained from various waste streams produced by commercial pectin. It should be understood that pectin is incorporated into plant material containing pectin to varying degrees. In commercial pectin production, several extraction steps can be used to maximize the yield of pectin, thereby utilizing the residue from the previous extraction step (waste stream) in a subsequent extraction step. The final waste product of the final extraction step is typically used as a livestock feed. In an illustrative embodiment, the alkalinity-controlling composition can include pectin-containing material from any such waste stream. The exemplary pectin-containing material from the first extraction step and from the livestock feed meal can exhibit about 2 ml 03 M NaOH / pH to about 5.2 ml of buffer capacity in the 0.1 M NaOH / pH range. An exemplary pectin-containing material from the waste stream can have a total alkali consumption of from about 5 millimoles NaOH per gram of pectin-containing material to about 8.2 millimoles of NaOH per gram of pectin-containing material. In still another exemplary embodiment, the composition for controlling alkalinity may include a pectin-containing material obtained from sugar beet produced by sugar extraction. Examples obtained from sugar beet The invisible pectin-containing material showed a buffering capacity in the range of about 0.8 ml 0.1 M NaOH/pH unit to about 32 ml 0.1 M NaOH/pH unit. Obtained from the beet © The exemplary pectin-containing material may have a total alkali consumption ranging from about 5 millimoles NaOH per gram of pectin-containing material to about 8 millimoles NaOH per gram of pectin-containing material. In yet another illustrative embodiment, the composition that controls alkalinity can include a pectin-containing material from fresh wet orange peel. An exemplary pectin-containing material from fresh wet orange peel may have a buffering capacity ranging from about 20 ml 0.1 M NaOH/pH unit to about 32 ml 〇·1 M NaOH/pH unit. An exemplary pectin-containing material from fresh wet orange peel may have a total consumption of about 2 millimoles NaOH per gram of pectin-containing material. In various exemplary embodiments, the composition controlling the alkalinity may comprise the above-described exemplary pectin or pectin-containing material, or any combination of any known or newly developed pectin or pectin-containing material. Based on the disclosure of this article, it should be understood which pectin and pectin-containing materials are suitable for use in compositions that control alkalinity. In various exemplary embodiments, products for skin protection or degree control of human skin or animal skin k may contain a composition having a controlled alkalinity containing a pectin® material. For example, a composition that controls alkalinity may be included in products such as skin creams, skin lotions, deodorant products, aroma products, hair care products, shaving products, soap products, bath salts, and other such products. . Controlled compositions may be included in absorbent articles such as feminine hygiene products, diapers, and other such products. Other products that may benefit from compositions including control metrics include, for example, ostomy products, wound care products, lotionized tissue, fabric treatment products, laundry cleaning products, and the like. As will be described herein, those of ordinary skill in the art will be aware of other applications that may include products that control the composition of the assay and control composition. For example, suitable products and applications include those described in EP 1812120 and PCT/DK2005/000285 for similar compositions, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. In an illustrative embodiment, a product containing a composition that controls alkalinity may contain an effective amount of a composition that controls alkalinity and a pectin-containing material to render the product effective in reducing or eliminating ammonia. For example, in some exemplary embodiments, the product may contain a sufficient amount of control composition to provide from about 3% to about 10% of the pectin-containing material in the product. In light of the foregoing, those skilled in the art will understand how to determine the effective amount of a particular product and how to incorporate the composition of the control assay into their products. In various exemplary embodiments, a pH-controlling composition comprising pectin and a pectin-containing material can be used to reduce the pH of a poultry dip, such as chicken gizzard. In some embodiments, the dip may contain a composition that controls the alkalinity of the pectin-containing material obtained from the untreated skin. In some embodiments, the tanning material may comprise a composition of controlled alkalinity comprising a pectin material obtained from a mixture of untreated pericarp and empirically treated pericarp. In an illustrative embodiment, the total concentration of pectin-containing material in the tanning material is from about 3% to about i〇〇/. Within the scope. The invention is illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limited. The specific details are not to be construed as limiting the invention. EXAMPLES AND TEST METHODS Equipment: • Water bath at 2 5 °C and 50 °C • Beaker • Laminating • Magnetic stirrer • Bticgner funnel • Filter cloth 201016721 • Burette • Potato peeler • Automatic straw Materials • Orange Peel - P-9718 • Freshly picked in local supermarkets • Beet granules from the factory • High ester pectin residue from the first extraction of the processing plant® • Low ester pectin from the first extraction of the processing plant Residues • Livestock feed from processing plants • Chicken feed from Danish poultry breeding farms • Demineralized water

• 0.5 M NaOH

• 0.1 M NaOH • 2.5% NH3

• 100% IPA

φ · 60% IPA • Rich hno3 • Concentrated HC1 • Ion 乂 for resin - Lewatit S-1468 Titration 1 · Prepare a solution by dissolving 2 g of pectin-containing material in 200 g of demineralized water at 20 ° C ( Undried wet peel pectin is used at a concentration of 20 g/200 g demineralized water). 15 201016721 2. Place the solution at 25. (: Constant temperature controlled water bath and continuous stirring. 3. Add Ο·1 M NaOH to the solution and record the pH value with the change of 0.1 M NaOH added. Long-term consumption method 1. Prepare the solution as follows: (: 2 g of pectin-containing material is dissolved in 200 g of demineralized water (undried wet peel pectin is used at a concentration of 2〇g/2〇〇g demineralized water). The solution was placed in a constant temperature controlled water bath of 25: and stirring was continued. 3. Add 〇.1 M Na〇H to the solution and record the pH value of the added 0.1 M NaOH. 4. Continue to add 〇· 1 M NaOH until the pH value no longer changed.Example 1: Characteristics of untreated and directly treated alkaline orange peel. The test sample was treated as untreated dry orange peel. Test samples 1 and 2 were based on the following methods. Preparation s Sample 1 : Dispose of dried peel in demineralized water Add 40 g of dried peel to 800 ml of demineralized water and place in 5 〇. (: in a water bath. Add 〇.5 M Na〇H The pH was 8.0 and the pH was maintained at 8.0 for 3 hours while stirring. After the treatment, the preparation was filtered on a Buchner funnel. 600 ml of 100% IPA, 400 ml of demineralized water and 50 ml of a mixture of splashed HC1 were washed' and finally washed with 6% IpA solution until the washing solution contained no vapor. The material was then dried overnight at 68 °C. Test sample 2: Dispose of dried peel in IPA 201016721 Add 40 g of dry peel to 800 ml of 60% IPA and place in a water bath at 50 ° C. Add 0.5 M NaOH to pH = 8.0 and maintain pH Stir at 8.0 for 3 hours at the same time. After the treatment, the preparation was filtered on a Buchner funnel, washed with a mixture of 600 ml of 100% IPA, 400 ml of demineralized water and 50 ml of concentrated HC1, and finally with 60% IPA solution. Wash until the wash solution is free of chloride. The material is then dried overnight at 68 ° C. Table 1 shows the effect of various treated pectin-containing materials when used in commercial pectin production or during commercial pectin production. DE and Mw of the gel component ® For the determination of DE and Mw, the treated peel product was extracted in demineralized water at 70 ° C for 1 hour, filtered, precipitated in IPA, dried and ground. Table 1: Not DE and Mw of pectin in dried orange peel treated and directly treated

Test sample number Starting material Processing conditions: DE Mw of the test pectin pH time (h) Temperature (°C) (ml) (%) (Dow) 0 P-9718 76.8 118383 Demineralized water -1 hour, untreated 1 P-9718 8 3 50 30 65.5 102946 Demineralized water 2 P-9718 8 3 50 18 74.4 119515 60% IPA

Note that the sample of Test 1 caused some loss of pectin. Figure 1 shows the DE of the test sample, and Figure 2 shows the Mw of the test sample. Figures 1 and 2 show that the alkali treatment in 60% IPA reduced the DE to some extent compared to the untreated dry peel, but it appeared that the molecular weight did not change. However, Figures 1 and 2 show that alkali treatment in demineralized water results in a substantial reduction in both DE&MW. 17 201016721 Table 2 and Figure 3 show the test samples 〇, ! And 2 titration data. Table 2: Titration test of pectin in dry orange peel without treatment and direct treatment Thin i No. 〇 Test No. 1 Test wire No. 9 2 pH value Λ A ml NaOH PH value ml NaOH pH value NaOH 0 ill 0 3.17 Ό 4.58 0.5 ^_ 0.5 3.25 0.5 fy 1 1 3.33 1 5.01 1.5 ^34 1.5 1^42 1.5 5.33 2 ^•41 2 3.5 2 5.73 2.5 3.5 2.5 3.61 2.5 6.36 3 3.58 3 3.7 3 7.06 3.5 3.67 3.5 3.8 3.5 7.93 4 175 4 3.89 4 8.58 4.5 3.84 4.5 4 4.5 9.08 5 3.93 5 4.11 5 9.45 5.5 4.02 5.5 4.22 5.5 9.63 6 4.1 6 4.34 6 9.83 6.5 4.2 6.5 4.44 6.5 9.93 7 4.24 7 4.56 7 10.22 8 4.4 8 4.7 7.5 4.52 8.5 4.86 8 4.61 9 5.02 8.5 4.76 9.5 5.24 9 4.9 10 5.51 9.5 5 10.5 5.95 10 5.13 11 6.83 10.5 5.32 11.5 8.4 11 5.67 12 9.21 11.5 6.23 12.5 9.64 12 7.2 13 9.98 12.5 8.49 13.5 10.14 13 9.27 14 10.47 14 9.76 14.5 10.07 15 10.42 16 The slope of the titration curve in 3 shows an increase in buffer capacity as DE decreases. The data also shows that the acid wash of the treated peel provides a buffering effect over a large pH range. Therefore, these data indicate that in order to avoid loss of fruit 201016721 during alkali treatment, alkali treatment can be carried out under conditions in which pectin is insoluble. The data also indicates that a significant reduction in DE would require a longer base treatment time or a higher base treatment temperature by base treatment in the alcohol. Example 2: Characteristics of dried orange peel directly subjected to alkali treatment followed by alcohol precipitation. Test samples 3 to 5 were prepared according to the following methods. Test Samples 3, 4, and 5: Treat dried peels in demineralized water and then sink in IPA © Add 40 g of dried peel to 800 ml of demineralized water and place at 50. (: in a water bath. Add 0.5 M NaOH to obtain pH = 8.0, 9.0 and 10.0, respectively, and maintain the pH for 3 hours while stirring. The treated preparation is poured into 2000 ml 100% IPA, and in Brinell. The funnel was drained. The drained material was washed with a mixture of 600 ml 100% IPA, 400 ml demineralized water and 50 ml concentrated HC1 and finally washed with 60% IPA solution until the wash liquid contained no chloride. The material was dried overnight at 68 ° C. Table 3 and Figures 4 and 5 show the DE and Mw of various treated pectin-containing gum components. Table 3: Directly treated with alkali and precipitated Orange peel test sample preparation starting material processing conditions consumption test DE Mw Note pH time (h) T (°〇(ml) (%) (Dow) 3 P-9718 8 3 50 29 65.5 76097 Demineralized water + precipitation 4 P-9718 9 3 50 58 41.5 72131 Demineralized water + precipitation 5 P-9718 10 3 50 124 13.7 51642 Demineralized water + precipitation 19 201016721 Figure 4 and Figure 5 show During the increase of pH, DE is substantially reduced, and the molecular weight is also the same. This decrease is especially significant at pH values higher than 9. Compared with the treated skin, the peel treated by alkali treatment showed a large decrease in DE and Mw. Table 4 and Figure 6 show the titration data of test samples 3, 4 and 5. Table 4: The alkali treated peel Titration

Test No. 3 Test No. 4 Test No. 5 pH value mlNaOH pH value NaOH pH value ml NaOH 3.01 0 3.06 0 3.17 0 3.07 0.5 3.12 0.5 3.23 0.5 3.13 1 3.19 1 3.28 1 3.2 1.5 3.25 1.5 3.34 1.5 3.27 2 3.31 2 3.4 2 3.35 2.5 3.36 2.5 3.46 2.5 3.45 3 3.41 3 3.52 3 3.49 3.5 3.46 3.5 3.57 3.5 3.57 4 3.51 4 3.63 4 3.66 4.5 3.53 4.5 3.68 4.5 3.74 5 3.56 5 3.74 5 3.83 5.5 3.56 5.5 3.8 5.5 3.91 6 3.58 6 3.86 6 3.98 6.5 3.61 6.5 3.91 6.5 4.07 7 3.62 7 3.97 7 4.14 7.5 3.67 8 4.03 7.5 4.23 8 3.72 9 4.08 8 4.34 8.5 3.78 10 4.14 8.5 4.41 9 3.82 11 4.2 9 4.53 9.5 3.88 12 4.27 9.5 4.65 10 3.94 13 4.32 10 4.77 10.5 3.98 14 4.39 10.5 4.91 11 4.04 15 4.44 11 5.05 11.5 4.09 16 4.51 11.5 5.27 12 4.15 17 4.59 12 5.5 12.5 4.22 18 4.68 12.5 5.81 13 4.28 19 4.75 13 6.27 13.5 4.35 20 4.86 13.5 7.06 14 4.42 21 4.96 14 8.33 14.5 4.5 22 5.02 14.5 8.96 15 4.58 23 5.15 15 20 201016721 9.52 15.5 4.67 24 5.34 15.5 9.51 16 4.76 25 5.54 16 9.57 16.5 4.88 26 5.79 16.5 9.81 17 5.01 27 6.18 17 9.95 17.5 5.19 28 7.13 17.5 10.02 18 5.31 28.5 8.5 18 5.44 29 9.32 18.5 5.61 29.5 9.82 19 5.87 30 10.35 20 6.3 30.5 7.02 31 8.36 31.5 9.16 32 9.66 32.5 9.89 33 10.1 33.5 Figure 6 shows the pH increase with the alkali treatment. The cushioning of the glue should be increased. A significant increase was caused by treatment with a base at pH 10. Example 3: Characteristics of I-milling & dried orange peel followed by direct empirical treatment followed by alcohol precipitation. - Test samples 6, 7, 8, and 9 were prepared according to the following methods. Test samples ό, 7, 8, and 9: Treat the ground dried peel in demineralized water and then precipitate in mash. Add 40 g of ground dried peel to 800 ml of demineralized water, and place at 50 °C. In the water bath. 0.5 M NaOH was added to obtain a pH of 9.0 or 1 Torr. (see table), and the pH was maintained for 3 hours while stirring. The treated preparation was poured into 2000 ml of 100% ΑρΑ and dried on a Buchner funnel. The drained material was washed with a mixture of 600 ml of 100% IPA, 400 mi of demineralized water and 5 ml of concentrated HC1, and finally washed with a 6 〇% ιρ solution until the wash liquid contained no vaporization. Then at 68 〇c Dry the material overnight overnight. For test sample 8, the pH was 10 during the treatment and the treatment 21 201016721 time was increased to 4 hours. For test sample 9, the pH was 10 during the treatment and the treatment temperature was raised to 75 °C. Table 5 and Figures 7 and 8 show the DE and Mw of the various pectin components containing the pectin material. Table 5: Ground orange skin test directly ground treated Sample No. Starting material Processing conditions Consumption test DE Mw Note PH time time (h) Temperature (°C) (ml) (%) Ear swallow) 6 P-9718 9 3 50 93 20.0 92452 Grinding, demineralized water + precipitation 7 P-9718 10 3 50 131 3.7 62906 Grinding, demineralized water + precipitation 8 P-9718 10 4 50 132 3.7 29305 Grinding , demineralized water + precipitation 9 P-9718 10 3 75 174 4.3 69174 grinding, demineralized water + precipitation

Figures 7 and 8 show that DE decreases substantially as the pH increases during alkali treatment in demineralized water. Increasing the processing time or increasing the processing temperature does not seem to have much effect. Grinding the peel prior to alkali treatment results in a substantially greater reduction in DE compared to the use of unground peel. In terms of molecular weight, grinding the peel before alkali treatment does have some effect. However, the molecular weight is more affected by the alkali treatment time than by the alkali treatment temperature. Table 6 and Figure 9 show titration data for test samples 6 to 9. Table 6: Titration of alkali treated and precipitated peel

Test No. 6 Test No. 7 Test No. 8 Test No. 9 pH value mlNaOH pH value mlNaOH pH value mlNaOH pH value mlNaOH 22 201016721

Figure 9 shows that as the pH value increases during the treatment, such as pq „.., the fruit should also increase. The buffer effect seems to change with DE, that is, when the buffer effect of De buffer increases. PH value seems to have a buffer effect. Most: Impact::: Abrasive peel causes DE to decrease, so grinding also produces a large buffering effect. 23 201016721 Example 4: Characteristics of untreated and alkali treated pectin and alkali treated pectin extract. Test samples 10, 11, 12, and 23 were prepared according to the following method: Test sample 10: 65 g of dried orange peel was added from dried orange peel to 2200 ml of demineralized water, heated to 7 ° C and HN〇 3 Adjust the pH to a range of 1.7 to 1.8. While stirring, the extraction is carried out within 5 hours and then filtered through an acid wash filter aid (second vine). The filtered extract is ionized with 50 ml of sodium. The exchange resin was ion exchanged and filtered. The ion exchanged extract was then precipitated in 3000 c ml of 80% IPA and washed once in 60% IPA. The washed precipitate was dried overnight at 68 ° C. Test sample 11 : extraction of pectin from dried orange peel followed by alkali treatment Add 65 g of dry extract to 2200 ml of dish-washing water, heat to 7 °C and adjust the pH to 1.7 to 1.8 with HN〇3. Extract 'without 5 hours' while stirring It is then filtered through a pickling filter aid (diatomaceous earth). The filtered extract is ion exchanged and transitioned with 50 ml of sodium ion exchange resin. The ion exchanged extract is then taken at 50 °C. Add 0.5 M NaOH to pH = 1 〇·〇 and maintain pH = 10.0 for ^ minutes. Treat the treated extract in 3000 ml 80% IPA and use 600 ml 100% IPA, 400 ml demineralized water and A mixture of 50 ml of concentrated HCl was washed and finally washed with a 60% IPA solution until the washing liquid contained no vapor. The material was then dried overnight at 68 ° C. Test sample 12: extraction of pectin from dry skin and subsequent treatment Dry precipitate 24 201016721 Add 65 g of dry orange peel to 2200 ml of demineralized water, heat to 70 ° C and adjust the pH to 1.7 to 1.8 with HN03. While stirring, extract within 5 hours, and It is then filtered through a pickling filter aid (diatomaceous earth). The extract was ion exchanged and filtered with 50 ml of sodium ion exchange resin. The ion exchanged extract was then precipitated in 3000 ml of 80% IPA and washed once in 60% IPA. Dryed at 68 ° C. The precipitate was overnight. The dried precipitate was triturated and suspended in 500 ml of 60% IPA. The pH was adjusted to 10.0 with 0.5 M NaOH and the treatment was carried out at 50 °C for 3 hours, after which 600 ml was used. The treated material was washed with a mixture of 100% IPA, 400 ml demineralized water and 50 ml concentrated HC1 and finally washed with 60% IPA solution until the wash liquid contained no vapor. The material was then dried overnight at 68 °C. Test sample 23 was prepared similarly to test sample 11, with the exception that it was additionally pickled. Table 7 and Figures 10 and 11 show the DE and Mw of the various pectin components containing the pectin material. © Table 7: Untreated and alkali-treated pectin and alkali-treated pectin extract Test No. Starting material treatment conditions Consumption test DE Mw Note pH time (h) Temperature (°C) (ml) (%) (Dow) 10 P-9718 1.7 - 1.8 5 70 61.4 153858 No alkali treatment - pectin 11 P-9718 10 0.25 50 250 27.5 77229 Treatment of extract 12 P-9718 10 3 50 17 58.7 123436 Alkali-treated dry pectin, IPA 23 P-9718 10 0.25 50 As tested 11, but further pickled after precipitation 25 201016721

Fig. 10 and Fig. 1 show that the standard extraction of non-pectin has a pectin with an amount of about 61% DE and about 154,000. When the liquid extract was treated with a pH of 10 at 5 ° C for a period of 15 knives, the DE was reduced to about 28%. However, when the dried pectin was treated at 50 ° C with a test of 3 P for 3 hours, Μ was only slightly reduced. The same phenomenon was observed for molecular weight, but the molecular weight reduction of the treated dried pectin was relatively greater than the decrease in DE. Table 8 and Figure 12 show titration data for test samples 10 to 12 and 23. Table 8 - Titration of untreated and alkali treated pectin and acid-washed and unacidified alkali-treated pectin extract

Test turn i number 10 test number u test number 12 test number 23 PH value ml NaOH pH value ml NaOH pH value ml NaOH pH value ml NaOH 2.88 0 4 0 2.77 0 2.63 0 2.94 1 4.03 1 2.81 1 2.68 1 2.99 2 4.08 2 2.85 2 2.72 2 3.06 3 4.12 3 2.91 "3 2.78 3.13 4 4.17 4 2.96 4 2.83 4 3.19 5 4.22 5 3.02 5 2.87 5 3.25 6 4.27 6 3.08 6 2.93 6 3.32 7 4.33 7 3.14 7 2.99 7 3.38 8 4.38 8 3.2 8 3.04 8 3.44 9 4.44 9 3.26 9 3.09 9 3.52 10 4.51 10 3.32 10 3.11 10 3.58 11 4.58 11 3.38 11 3.17 12 3.65 12 4.66 12 3.44 12 3.26 14 3.71 13 4.74 13 3.5 13 3.33 16 3.78 14 4.85 14 3.56 14 3.34 18 3.861 15 4.96 15 3.62 15 3.42 20 3.94 16 5.12 16 3.69 16 3.49 22 4.01 17 5.33 17 3.75 17 3.55 24 4.09 18 5.7 18 3.81 18 3.62 26 4.18 19 6.91 19 3.88 19 3.68 28 4.27 20 9.58 20 3.95 20 3.73 30 4.37 21 4.02 21 3.76 31 4.5 22 4.09 22 3.8 32 26 201016721

4.17 23 3.83 33 4.26 4.35 4.45 4.57 4.7 4.86 5.07 5.42 6.23 8.8 9.1 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 3.87 34 3.9 35 3.94 3.97 4.01 4.05 4.09 4.13 4.17 4.21 4.25 4.3 4.36 36 37_ 38~ 39_ W 41 42 43_ 4Γ 46 4.39 4.45 4.5 4.56 4.62 4.69 4.76 4.85 4.95

47_ 4S 49_ 50" 51 52_ 53 54_ 55 5.07 5.22 5.43 5.75 6.44 8.58 9.72 10.18 56 57_ 58~ 59 60 61 62 63 In Figure 12, the slope of the τ exhaust curve shows that the standard pectin extract has the lowest buffering effect (14 i勉丛占·〇6 ml 0·1 MNaOH/pH unit). Close to the experience processing), the buffer effect of Hurricane-C glue (17.28 ml 0.1 M NaOH/pH single and the most 13⁄4 buffer is divided into + _ and the resulting pectin, liquid treatment via alkali treatment) And then pickling this 'buffering capacity: 3^:5.9711110·1"1...011/151^), |T|J 〇 test sample 17 is like 1 teach w. Test sample 1 7 : 纟 # Μ ^ _ mill neutral # m ^ ^ A dry peel pickling 27 201016721 6g ground dry at room temperature in a mixture of 300 ml 60% IPA and 15 ml concentrated HC1 Wash the orange peel for 10 minutes. The peel was drained and washed in 6 〇 0 / 直至 until the liquid did not undergo a vapor reaction. The resulting pickled peel was dried at 105 ° C for 2.5 hours. Table 9 and Figure 13 show titration data for the test sample 〇 (untreated peel) and 1 7 (untreated peel after pickling). Table 9: Titration curves of untreated peel and untreated peel after pickling. 〇Test No. 0 Test No. 17 pH value mlNaOH pH value NaOH 4.4 0 3.18 0.0 4.58 0.5 3.37 1.0 4.79 1 3.54 2.0 5.01 1.5 3.71 3.0 5.33 2 3.88 4.0 5.73 2.5 4.06 5.0 6.36 3 4.24 6.0 7.06 3.5 4.45 7.0 7.93 ? 93 8.0 5.14 9.0 5.52 10.0 5.79 11.0 ΓβΓ53 12.0 7.40 13.0 9.60 14.0

As shown in Fig. 13, the alkali-treated peel was washed with an acid to lower the pH of the pectin-containing product, and the buffering effect was substantially increased. In summary, in terms of peel treatment, Table 1 and Figure 14 show the order of buffering ability from highest to lowest. Table 10: Sorting of buffering effects 28 201016721 Test number buffering capacity 0.1 M NaOH ml / pH unit Note 23 25.97 As in test 11, pickled 11 19.61 alkali treated pectin extract, pH = 10, 0, 15 hours 8 18.94 For example, test number 7, 4 hours 7 17.99 such as test number 5, ground peel 12 17.28 alkali treated dry pectin, pH = 10, 3 hours 5 15.76 as test number 3, pH = 10 9 14.48 as test number 7, 75 ° C 10 14.06 Acid-extracted orange pectin 6 13.33 As in Test No. 4, ground peel 4 8.58 As Test No. 3, pH=9 3 6.10 As Test No. 1, Precipitation 17 5.66 As Test 0, pickled 1. 5.45 Alkali treated peel, pH = 8, 3 h, 50 ° C 2 4.73 As in Test No. 1, in 60% IPA 0 2.56 Grinded dried peel as shown in Figure 14, via peel extract at pH 10 The alkali treatment is carried out, followed by pickling or pickling without obtaining the highest buffering capacity. However, alkali treated and ground peels and alkali treated and unground peels provide a substantial buffering capacity at pH values above 9. Alkali treatment of dry pectin at pH 10 also provides high buffering capacity, as is conventional acid extracted pectin. As the treatment pH drops to 8 or 9, the buffering capacity becomes smaller and the milled and untreated skin obtains the lowest buffering effect. Example 5: Buffering capacity of pectin-containing material obtained from commercial pectin production Test samples 18 to 22, 23 summarized in Table 11 below were prepared according to the following method. Table 11: Materials obtained from commercial pectin production test number Starting material notes 18 Waste high ester; first extraction; drying 19 waste low ester; first extraction; drying 29 201016721 20 beet drying; grinding 21 beet pickling Drying and grinding 22 Waste Livestock feed test sample 18: High ester pectin residue obtained from the first extraction The high ester pectin residue after the first extraction is collected from the filter. The wet residue was washed with 60% IPA on a Buchner funnel until all nitrates were washed away. The washed residue was dried overnight at 68 ° C and ground. Test Sample 19: Low Ester Pectin Residue Obtained from the First Extraction The low ester pectin residue after the first extraction was collected from the filter. The wet residue was washed with 60% IPA on a Buchner funnel until all nitrates were washed away. The washed residue was dried overnight at 68 ° C and ground. Test sample 20: beet residue obtained by sugar extraction Dry sugar beet obtained after grinding sugar extraction. Test Sample 21: Pickling of sugar beet residue obtained by sugar extraction Washing 6 g of ground dried beet obtained after extracting sugar in a mixture of 300 ml of 60% IPA and 15 ml of concentrated HC1 at room temperature minute. The peel was drained and washed in 60% until the liquid did not undergo a vaporization reaction. The resulting pickled peel was at 1〇5. (: drying for 2.5 hours. Test sample 22: high ester pectin residue obtained from final pectin extraction (animal feed) was collected as a residue of livestock feed, dried and ground. Table 12 and Figure 15 show test sample 1 8 Titration data up to 22. Reference 12: Titration test of material obtained from commercial pectin production β ί No. 18 Test number 19 Test No. 20 Test No. 21 Test No. 22 pH value NaOH pH value ml NaOH pH value ml NaOH pH ml NaOH pH ml NaOH 3.43 0.0 3.04 0.0 5.06 0.0 3.33 0.0 3.95 bo 30 201016721 3.76 1.0 3.27 1.0 6.23 1.0 3.60 1.0 4.46 1.0 4.06 2.0 3.48 2.0 8.14 2.0 3.94 2.0 4.90 2.0 4.42 3.0 3.69 3.0 8.50 3.0 4.23 3.0 5.41 3.0 4.83 4.0 3.87 4.0 8.85 4.0 4.61 4.0 6.10 4.0 5.30 5.0 4.05 5.0 4.96 5.0 7.16 5.0 5.98 6.0 4.22 6.0 5.57 6.0 7.76 6.0 7.80 7.0 4.42 7.0 6.38 7.0 8.61 7.0 9.18 8.0 4.59 8.0 10.15 9.0 4.81 9.0 5.04 10.0 5.37 11.0 5.81 12.0 7.20 13.0 9.16 14.0 9.26 15.0 From the above data, the following buffering capacity is obtained in Table 13. Table 13. Sorting of buffering capacity of pectin-containing materials obtained from pectin production Test No. Buffering capacity 0.1 M NaOH ml / pH unit Note 19 5.16 LM residue from the first extraction 18 3.39 From the first extraction HM residue 21 3.12 Beet, pickling 22 2.11 Livestock feed 20 0.85 beet 两种 Both residues obtained from low ester separation and high ester pectin production provide high buffering capacity, with buffers of residue obtained from low ester production. The highest capacity. The pickled beet exhibits a buffering capacity comparable to that of high ester pectin residues, and it is interesting to note that livestock feed, which is the final waste product of pectin production, exhibits considerable buffering capacity. The minimum buffer capacity is obtained from untreated beets. All of the buffering capacity data of Examples 1 to 5 are summarized in FIG. All 31 201016721 This special pectin material shows _ extract, experience processing / buffer effect. The most effective is the extract of the experience and the pectin extracted by the grinding of the evening + ^. The human peel, the alkali-treated dry pectin and the most effective one are: surprisingly, the alkali-treated and grounded peel product HM produces both less effective materials' apparently produced by LM and beet. The residue is more effective than beet and the ratio of livestock to feed is based directly on this data. If only ^ ^ ^ ^ ^, 1 heavy buffer effect, the best material can be the lowest possible esterification degree, Luotai, and pectin Or alkali treated peel, which is treated

It is carried out at a pH of 冋. Example 6: The buffering capacity of the orange peel purchased from the +4τ & μ ‘ 社® supermarket was 0. The product was prepared in the following manner. Test sample 13 and 〖4. Produce tji peel and 14. Under the pH 10 and ρΗ η alkali treatment Xinguang

Buy 20 skins in the local supermarket to remove the skin. Thereafter, the peeled peel is squeezed to remove the juice and the remaining material is blended to a particle size of about 2 to 4 coffee. Add this material to the mineral K, heat it to 5〇c in a 7jc bath and adjust the value to 10 and 1 with 〇5M Na〇H to maintain the pH at pH = 1 for 3 hours. . The treated material was then poured into 5000 ml of 1% 0% IPA, drained on cloth, gently squeezed by hand and washed in a mixture of 3000 ml of 60% IPA and 15 parts of concentrated α for 10 minutes. The material was washed in 60% IPA until the wash liquid contained no vapor. The stripped material was dried overnight at 68 C. Test 15: Dried and ground but not alkali treated wet peel 32 201016721 Drying of the peeled orange peel overnight and grinding. Test 16: Original wet peel The leaked orange peel from which the outer skin has been removed is blended to about 2 to 4 with the subsequent particle size. Use 2〇g wet peel (10) (6) to remove mineral water and tear buffer effect and time consumption. Table 14 shows the de and Mw of the various pectin components of the treated pectin-containing material. Table 14: Characteristics of locally purchased dials 〇 test sample number starting material n_ processing " ί ΡΗ~ value condition time (h) temperature (°C) alkali consumption (ml) Mw 73⁄4 swallow) Note ·&gt ;· ό 1 A wet peel 10 3 50 250 81852 demineralized water + precipitate 14 wet peel 11 0.25 50 290 83319 demineralized water + precipitate 15 wet peel 239282 as it is; no treatment; 'dry; ground 16 wet peel as it is; No treatment; wet table 15 and Figure 17 show titration data for test samples 13 to 16. Table 15: Titration test for local orange beet oranges Test No. 13 Test No. 14 Test No. 15 Test No. 16 pH value ml NaOH pH value ml NaOH pH value ml NaOH pH value NaOH 3.52 0.0 3.30 0.0 4.50 0.0 4.60 0.0 3.74 1.0 3.47 1.0 4.91 1.0 5.04 1.0 3.88 2.0 3.63 2.0 5.37 2.0 5.48 2.0 4.07 3.0 3.77 3.0 6.03 3.0 6.25 3.0 4.10 4.0 3.85 4.0 6.93 4.0 7.24 4.0 4.19 5.0 3.92 5.0 7.88 5.0 4.26 6.0 3.97 6.0 8.71 6.0 4.29 7.0 4.00 7.0 9.14 7.0 4.31 8.0 4.03 8.0 4.33 9.0 4.07 10.0 4.35 10.0 4.13 12.0 33 201016721 4.41 12.0 4.21 14.0 ---- 4.48 14.0 4.33 16.0 4.52 16.0 4.44 18.0 4.64 18.0 4.55 20.0 4.68 20.0 4.64 21.0 4.80 22.0 4.71 22.0 4.84 23.0 4.79 23.0 4.90 24.0 4.86 24.0 4.94 25.0 4.92 25.0 5.00 26.0 4.97 26.0 5.03 27.0 5.10 27.0 5.05 28.0 5.27 28.0 5.07 29.0 5.36 29.0 5.16 30.0 5.59 30.0 5.30 31.0 6.00 31.0 5.36 32.0 6.73 32.0 5.54 33.0 8.76 33.0 5.80 34.0 9.45 34.0 6.10 35.0 10.00 35.0 6.82 36.0 10.32 36.0 8.64 37.0 9.66 38.0 10.13 39.0 10.30 40.0 —-—

Figure 17 shows that the wet skin peeled for 3 hours at pH 10 provided a buffering effect of about 30.61 ml 0.1 M NaOH/pH. The same peel treated at a higher value provided a buffer effect of about 2 〇 83 ml 〇丨M Na〇H/pH. Although it is not possible to directly compare these buffering capabilities with the buffering capabilities of Examples 1-5, it is surprising that the orange peels are purchased by local supermarkets (no special measures have been taken to preserve the peel). Pectin) is so effective in terms of buffering capacity. The above data indicates that any peel is suitable for use in the composition of the control exemplification of the exemplary embodiments. Example 7: Total Alkali Consumption of Selected Pectin-Containing Materials 34 201016721 « Although the above examples focus on buffering capacity, the following focuses on the total amount of alkali consumed over time, which is also an important property. Table 16 shows the alkali consumption of the selected pectin-containing material. In 200 ml of demineralized water, use 2 g of dry product and use 20 g of wet material. Alkali consumption lasts from about 10 days to about 25 days, during which time 0.1 M NaOH is added until a pH of about 9 is reached. When the pH is lowered, the pH is adjusted back to a pH of about 9. In one experiment, a 2.5% (1.5 Μ) NH3 solution was also used. 16 Table 16: Alkali content with pectin-containing material over time Containing pectin material Test sample number 0.1 M NaOH Consumption (ml) NaOH consumption (mmol/g) 2.5% NH3 consumption (ml 5 NH3 consumption (mmol /g) Ground dried peel, not treated with alkali 15 139 6.95 55 41.3 Dried peel, unground, not treated with alkali 235 11.75 Dried dried peel, not treated with alkali 1 Pickled 17 117 5.85 Fresh wet peel , without alkali treatment (20 g peel) 16 385 1.93 Commercial dry lemon pectin, DE = 73.2% 75 3.75 Test 2 alkali treated peel 2 154 7.70 Test 4 alkali treated peel 4 124 6.20 HM residue 18 114 5.70 LM residue 19 163 8.15 Ground beet 20 158 7.90 Pickled and ground beet 21 103 5.15 Dried livestock feed 22 100 5.00

It should be noted that in the experiment using ammonia, the smell of ammonia was not noticed before the addition of about 40 ml of ammonia solution to 35 201016721. The same ammonia is significantly more than the same - material consumption of gas in the oxygen ^ is the consumption of the fruit material. Figure 18 shows the consumption of the shaft gi π ^ ^ „ untreated dry orange peel is obviously the most consumed over time 4 A large amount of alkali material. Tight..A y , X is attached to the untreated orange peel and is the residue of the first extraction from the low Sa fruit knee, the stalk, the ground and the group < After a moderately treated orange peel n (four) and no & treated ^ ^ _ v with the increase in treatment, the consumption of lemon pectin extract seems to decrease, continue to stem from you, such as, the extract is as The minimum consumption of alkali is the same as time. It should be noted that the livestock feed is comparable to the material of the older age, and the alkali consumed is more than the lemon pectin. The most effective part of the peel that is not effective, and which is the most effective, is explained by the fact that the treatment itself involves the consumption of alkali. Example 8·The effect of the material containing the fruit on the chicken feed test samples A, 8 and C are based on The following method was prepared and tested. The chicken tart was titrated in the chicken shed and the next day from the chicken farm Obtained.

• Test A

Q 1. Suspend 30 g of the dip in 300 ml of demineralized water and measure the pH.

2. Add 〇·5 g of ground orange peel (P-9718) and measure the pH. 3. Further add 0.5 g of peel until a total of 4 g of peel is added. 4. After the last addition of the peel, measure the pH by an interval of up to 26 hours.

Test B 36 201016721 1 • Suspend 30 g of the dip in 300 ml of demineralized water and measure the pH. 2. Add 1 g of experience treated peel of test number 7 and measure pH after 1 hour and 2 hours. 3. Further add 〇5 g of peel and measure the pH after 2 hours, 4 hours and 4.5 hours. 4. Add 0.5 g of peel and measure the pH. The pH was measured again after 3 hours and 26 hours.

❿ · Test C ι· Suspend 6 g of rinsing (Ρ-9718) in 3 〇〇 ml of demineralized water and measure the pH.

2. Add 60 g of dip and measure the pH by 22 hours and 35 minutes. - (Note: In order not to induce the discomfort of the rest of the staff, this strain is less than an experiment, and it is carried out on weekends, which means that there is no data related to longer consumption. Lu 7 shows the titration of the data obtained by Test A. Results.) Table 17: Effect of untreated orange peel on the pH of the dip. g, pH pH peel, g pH min. pH 侑30.0 8.11 0.5 8.04 1.0 7.95 1.5 7.87 2.0 7.81 0 7.81 30 7.70 60 7.63 90 7.54 135 7.43 230 7.30 1560 6.99 Table 1 8 shows the titration results of the trousers obtained from test b. 37 201016721 Table 18 · The effect of alkali treated orange peel on the pH of the feed, g pH peel, g pH Value Minutes pH 30.0 8.44 1.0 7.80 2.0 7.26 0 7.26 20 7.34 75 7.38 110 7.38 2.5 115 7.26 120 7.18 150 7.18 3.0 7.02 0 7.02 180 6.98 1560 6.97

Table 19 shows the titration results obtained from Test C. Table 19: Effect of dips on the pH of untreated orange peel

Peel, g pH value, g pH value pH 6.0 4.28 0 4.28 60 5 6.09 9 6.27 15 6.37 20 6.44 1355 5.72 38 201016721 Figure 19 shows the results in Table 17, which relates to the addition of different amounts of untreated The peel causes the pH of the chicken dip to decrease. The data indicates that as the amount of untreated peel added increases, the pH of the dip is reduced. As shown in Figure 20, the pH value continued to decrease over time, with the pH decreasing by about one pH unit in the case of 2 g of untreated peel within 24 hours. In the case of an alkali treated peel, the initial pH is reduced more' but during the first two hours, the pH actually increases. This suggests that a mixture of untreated peel and alkali treated peel may provide the greatest ❹ effect. Figure 21 shows the effect of using untreated peel on the pH of the dip over time. In this test, the dip was added to the suspension of untreated peel. Initially, the pH increased and then the pH gradually decreased and reached a pH of about 5.5 in the first 24 hours. In summary, this data indicates that the pH of the dip can be reduced with untreated peel or treated peel. In addition, the data indicates that the mixture of untreated peel and alkali treated peel may reduce initial pH and with © The most effective way to keep the pH low. The concentration of the peel in the initial dip should preferably be from about 3% to about 1%. In the foregoing specification, the invention has been described with reference to various illustrative exemplary embodiments. However, it is apparent that various modifications and changes can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the specification and drawings are to be regarded as illustrative and not limiting. [Main component symbol description] 39

Claims (1)

201016721 VII. Patent application scope: 1. A composition for controlling the test, which comprises a pectin-containing material. 2. The composition for controlling alkalinity according to item 1 of the patent application, wherein the pectin-containing material comprises a fruit material, a vegetable material or any combination or mixture thereof. 3. The composition of the control test of claim 2, wherein the pectin-containing material comprises a ground pectin-containing material. 4. The composition for controlling alkalinity according to item 2 of the patent application, wherein the pectin-containing pectin material comprises fresh citrus peel, fresh apple pomace, fresh beet residue obtained by sugar extraction, dried citrus peel, dried apple pomace , dried beet residue produced by sugar extraction or any combination or mixture thereof. 5. The composition for controlling alkalinity according to item 4 of the patent application, wherein the pectin-containing material comprises dried orange peel, dried lemon peel, dry lime peel, dried grapefruit peel or any combination or mixture thereof . 6. The composition for controlling alkalinity according to item 2 of the patent application, wherein the pectin-containing material comprises a residue derived from commercial pectin production. ® 7. The composition for controlling alkalinity according to item 6 of the patent application, wherein the residue comprises a pectin residue derived from the first extraction of pectin in commercial pectin production, and a livestock feed produced from commercial pectin production. Or any combination or mixture thereof. 8. A composition for controlling alkalinity according to item 2 of the patent application, wherein the material of the fruit contains an empirically treated skin-containing material. 9. The composition for controlling alkalinity according to item 3 of the patent application, wherein the p-pectin material comprises alkali-treated fresh citrus peel, alkali treated 201016721 dried orange peel, fresh apple bar, dried apple pomace Fresh beet residue produced by sugar extraction 'dry beet residue produced by sugar extraction or any fish combination or mixture thereof. 10. The composition for controlling alkalinity according to item 9 of the patent application, wherein the pectin-containing material comprises alkali-treated dried orange peel, alkali-treated dried lemon peel, alkali-treated dry lime skin, and Alkali treated dried grapefruit peel or a combination or mixture thereof. 11. The composition for controlling alkalinity according to the scope of the patent application, wherein the pectin-containing material has a pH of about 2 to 4. 12. A composition of controlledness as claimed in claim 1 wherein the pectin-containing material comprises pectin having a DE in the range of from about 3% to about 77%. 13. A composition of controlledness as claimed in claim 1 wherein the pectin-containing material comprises pectin having a molecular weight of from about 29,000 Daltons to about 154,000 ear-swallows. 14. The composition for controlling alkalinity according to the scope of the patent application, having a buffering capacity of from about 0.8 ml 0.1 M NaOH/pH unit to about 32 ml 0.1 M Na〇H/pH unit. 15. A composition for controlling alkalinity as claimed in claim 1 which has a total alkali consumption of from about 2 millimoles NaOH per gram of pectin-containing material to about 12 millimoles of NaOH per gram of pectin-containing material. 16. The composition for controlling alkalinity as claimed in claim 1 which has a total ammonia consumption of from about 12 millimoles NH3/gram of pectin-containing material to about 72 millimoles of NH3/kg of pectin-containing material. 17. A process for the manufacture of a composition having a controlled alkalinity comprising a pectin material. The method of the present invention comprises the steps of: a. providing a pectin-containing material; b. providing a pH of from about 8 to about 10 Treating the pectin-containing material in an aqueous solution and at a temperature ranging from about °C to about 75X: for a time ranging from about 10 hours to about 4 hours; and N C. washing the treated with a solution comprising about 60% alcohol The ingredients are used to remove excess base. #18_ The method of claim 17, wherein the fruit comprises fresh or dried fruit that has not been ground or ground. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the pectin-containing material comprises a precipitated pectin π 2 〇 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Extracts. 2^. The method of claim 17, wherein the pectin-containing package is derived from the waste product of the commercial pectin production 0 ❹ = · If the towel is specifically (4), the method of the 17th item, wherein the secret aqueous solution package 3 network built about 60% alcohol. The method of passing == the third item's step further comprises the step of precipitating the pectin-containing material in 2 to 3 volumes of the alcohol. The method of claim 17, wherein the method further comprises the step of washing the treated pectin-containing material 6rC 2 to 5 with a solubilizing step acid or organic acid: the method of claim 17 of the patent, The step comprises the step of drying the treated pectin-containing material 43 201016721 at a temperature in the range of about 10 〇 5C. 26. A product for the protection of skin or control of human skin or animal skin comprising a composition for controlling alkalinity as set forth in the scope of the patent application. 27. The product of claim 26, which comprises a skin cream, a skin lotion, a deodorant product, an aroma product, a hair care product, a shaving product, a soap product, a bath salt product, a feminine hygiene product, a diaper, An ostomy product, a wound care product, a lotion paper product, a fabric treatment product, or a laundry cleaning product, or any combination thereof. 28. The product of claim 26, wherein the composition for controlling alkalinity is present in an amount effective to reduce or eliminate ammonia. 29. The product of claim 26, wherein the product comprises a concentration of the pectin material of from about 3% to about 1%. 30. A seed for animal use comprising a composition for controlling alkalinity as in item i of the patent application. 31. As claimed in claim 30, wherein the composition controlling the alkalinity is mixed with the feed of poultry. 32. In the case of claim 30, wherein the composition controlling the alkalinity is effective to reduce or eliminate the amount of ammonia. 33. As claimed in claim 30, the concentration of the pectin-containing material in the dip is from about 3% to about 10%. Eight, the pattern: (such as the next page) 44