TW201005789A - Flat field-emission lamp and its manufacturing - Google Patents

Abstract

One subject of the invention is a flat field-emission lamp (100) transmitting radiation in the visible and/or the ultraviolet ranges, comprising: first and second flat dielectric walls (1, 2) with an anode (3) and a cathode (4) respectively, the first wall/anode assembly being transparent or overall transparent in the visible and/or the UV ranges; a cathodoluminescent material; an electron-accelerating element which comprises an apertured, essentially mineral dielectric plate (6) and/or a diskontinuous enamel-based dielectric layer (6"), the apertures (63) emerging on at least the main face called the free face (61) of the plate, opposite the internal face (21) of the first wall, for said electron bombardment, said apertured plate (6) or said diskontinuous enamel-based dielectric layer (6") carries, on its free face (61), a third electrode (7), forming an accelerating electrode, or else the apertured plate or the diskontinuous enamel-based dielectric layer has a poled surface, thus creating an electron-accelerating remnant electric field. The invention also relates to its manufacture.

Description

201005789 VI. Description of the Invention [Technical Field] The present invention relates to the field of flat lamps, and more particularly to planar field emission lamps and their manufacture relating to the transmission of radiation in the visible and/or ultraviolet range. [Prior Art] Among the known flat lamps, there is a flat discharge lamp which can be used as a decorative or architectural lighting fixture. These flat lamps are typically composed of two glass sheets held together and tightly sealed with a small gap, typically less than a few millimeters between them, to contain a reduced pressure gas in which to generate radiation that is typically in the ultraviolet range. It excites a photoluminescent material that then emits visible light. UV lamps are usually based on this technology.

Also known is a field emission based flat panel lamp for backlighting of an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen. Document US 2007/0228928 A1 is provided with a launching lamp, package 9 comprising: - an anode, in the form of a mixed indium tin oxide (ITO) based conductive layer deposited on the inner face of the first glass sheet, supplied a positive voltage, and a phosphor layer capable of generating white light under electron bombardment; a cathode, which is a conductive layer deposited on the inner surface of the second glass piece, is supplied with a negative voltage, and the layer is patterned, That is, in the form of a strip of electrodes; - a microtip for electron emission, which is located on the strip of the electrode; and - a multilayer coating formed from a dielectric layer covered with a metal layer forming a gate or an accelerating electrode The multilayer coating is in the form of a strip that intersects the anode strip. -5- 201005789 and 'Elsevier Publishing, Vol. 74 (2004), pp. 105-111, document by D. Lee et al. entitled "Vacuum Packaging of Planar Lamps Using Thermally Grown Carbon Nanotubes" Reveals Plane Field emission lamp (see Figure lb), used for backlighting of liquid crystal panels, using: - wall, soda lime silicate glass; - a series of phosphors, respectively emitting red, green, and blue to produce white light; - anode, ITO a cathode, a Ti/Cr (titanium/chromium) multilayer covered with Fe (iron) or Ni (nickel) catalyst for growth of an emissive material; - an electron emissive material, carbon naphthalene deposited on a catalyst at a high temperature a tube (CNT): and an accelerating electrode inserted in a metal grid parallel to the inner space of the glass sheet and connected through the second glass sheet by contact transmission, and having a hexagonal gap of 250 μm in diameter with a mesh wall width of 30 μm The form of the hole array (see Figure lb). With this triode type technology, the applied voltage is lowered. The above-described planar field emission lamps undoubtedly have advantages in terms of compactness and optical performance, but they are still complicated or even troublesome. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a simplified planar light (transmitting in the visible and/or UV (ultraviolet) range), particularly that its manufacture is compatible with industrial requirements (easy and/or manufactured). Speed, low residual rate), without sacrificing its optical performance (uniformity and / or efficiency) or increasing its power consumption of 201005789. Accordingly, the present invention provides a planar field emission lamp that transmits radiation in the visible and/or ultraviolet range, comprising: - first and second substantially planar dielectric walls that face each other and have a substantially Parallel and spaced apart major surfaces, the lamp has a surrounding seal that defines the internal space under vacuum; - a first electrode, referred to as the anode, located in a flat φ plane parallel to the major surface and bonded to the first wall, assembled Including a first wall and an anode that is transparent or generally transparent in the visible and/or ultraviolet range; at least one phosphor material that emits visible and/or ultraviolet radiation by electron bombardment (also known as cathodoluminescence) Material), the material is on the inner surface of the first wall (eg deposited on this surface) and is closer to the internal space than the anode; - the second electrode, referred to as the cathode, lies in a plane parallel to the main surface; An electron-emitting material having a shape factor larger than ίο, a material on the cathode (directly on top or not), and preferably defining a plurality of emitter regions: and - an electron acceleration component, inserted in the And between the second wall and spaced apart from the first wall, in a plane approximately parallel to the major surface, and having a plurality of apertures through which the electrons pass, the element comprising a porous, substantially mineral dielectric a plate and/or a discontinuous germanium-based dielectric layer, the aperture being exposed on at least a major face referred to as a free face, opposite the inner face (11) of the first wall, and wherein, 201005789 - the electron bombardment In particular, the apertured plate or the discontinuous ruthenium-based layer carries a third electrode on its free face, which forms an accelerating electrode, or the plate or discontinuous ruthenium-based layer has a polarized surface, thus generating electron acceleration The residual electric field (i.e., passive configuration), - the cathode is on the inner face of the second wall, and/or when the aperture of the perforated plate is selected as a blind hole, in the bottom surface of the slot of the plate. The lamp according to the invention is simpler and less expensive via the use of a porous, essentially mineral-like dielectric plate or an accelerated enamel layer (on the outer surface). In order to form the aperture of the board (selected coating), or a discontinuous germanium-based layer, the photolithographic technique commonly used in conventional display screens to form small pixels can be omitted, etching from the insulating layer. This technique is necessary for the multilayer coating formed, the accelerated metal layer of the prior art, and the layers conventionally deposited by physical vapor deposition or PVD (sputtering, evaporation, etc.). In order to form a perforated plate coated with an accelerating electrode according to the present invention, a full layer can be produced on a solid plate (by any film deposition technique: physical vapor deposition or PVD, chemical vapor deposition or CVD, liquid deposition, etc.) ), then a gap can be created in the assembly. Alternatively, a gap can be created prior to application of the accelerating electrode. In an active configuration, the cathode can be deposited as follows (preferably on the inner face of the second wall): - a dielectric layer; and - a conductive layer. In a passive configuration, a layer of polarized germanium can be formed on the cathode (better on the inner face of the second wall). -8- 201005789 The cathode itself can also be made of conductive crucible, especially the same as the conductive crucible. According to the invention, the term "珐琅" means that at least part of the glass layer borrowed is selectively conductive if necessary. The mash, which is then burned, is then mixed with a binder that will be removed during combustion. The layer may be deposited by a variety of selective deposition techniques, i.e., at certain predetermined spacers (carrying electricity) to avoid any structure or any occlusion, particularly photolithographic steps. In particular, liquid deposition methods such as inkjet printing, pressure pad printing, and the like are selected. The apertured plate and/or the aperture of the enamel layer may be of a meter or even a megameter size, most particularly, without the need for illumination or backlighting, thereby giving greater manufacturing. Preferably, the aperture is opposite to the acceleration layer. The existing processing of the face typically requires the formation of a slightly conical gap (the widest portion) that creates a gap in the opposite side of the upper side of the slot where the gap is created, thus emitting a material burst. Typically, the apertured plate or ruthenium-based layer, the minimum and/or maximum width (and thus the plate), is equal to or greater than ΙΟμηη, or equal to or greater than or greater than 1 mm. It is obtained from a deposited frit with an accelerating electrode, such as a mineral, if a frit. The space of the glass-emitting material according to the present invention may be as indicated above, such as screen printing or relatively wide, especially the general degree of freedom in which pixels are formed. To make the aperture. Various holes, the base of the cone. The aperture of the average plane can be obtained by the transmission and acceleration to the very strong acceleration aperture 1 ΟΟμιη, or even -9-201005789 depending on the method used to form the aperture, the acceleration layer below the polarization or The plate has a gap after or before the plate. Mechanical cutting is performed by using, for example, laser (especially femtosecond) etching, especially with a diamond saw, sandblasting or using high pressure jets (water or other liquid). In order to honing possible V-shaped edges and obtaining substantially straight sidewalls, for example by suitable glass chemical etching, such as acid (HF) etching, by plasma etching (RIE, etc.), or ion bombardment etching (IBE, etc.) ) to complete the operation. The apertures may be elongated apertures, especially elongated and substantially straight strips, and/or dots, especially geometric shapes (circular, square, rectangular, elliptical, etc.). The apertures do not have to have the same size or shape. However, the apertures are generally evenly distributed over the surface of the panel, such as a periodic array of lines or rectangular or circular dots, or multiple arrays (bi-periodic arrays), or pseudo-periodic or irregular arrays. One or more relatively elongated regions of the plate and/or discontinuous layer may have no apertures to create, for example, differential illumination (e.g., alternating dark and bright regions). The aperture has a size which is approximately equal to the size of the emitter. The average spacing between the apertures may be on the order of microns, or at least about ΙΟΟμηη or even mm. The spacing between the two apertures may be equal to or greater than the width of the aperture. The lateral edges (side walls) of the apertures may be substantially rectilinear, approximately perpendicular to the inner faces of the second walls. -10-201005789 Mineral sheets such as enamel layers according to the present invention, especially glass, have good mechanical and heat resistance and are resistant to electronic insects and sealing operations while being inexpensive. The lamp according to the invention may be of a large size, for example having an area of at least 0.1 or even lm2. Preferably, the transmission factor of the lamp according to the invention (at least on the second wall side) around the peak of the visible light and/or UV radiation is equal to or greater than 50%, equal to or greater than 70% and even equal to Or better than 80%. The plates can be flexible, semi-rigid, but stiffer. It is a semi-supported portion consisting of one or more parts, distinguished from the layers. Moreover, the perforated mineral dielectric plate according to the present invention is also preferably a metal mesh because it is easier to insert and suitable for sealing. In the prior art, in order to be strong enough to withstand thermal cycling, vacuum and electron bombardment during manufacturing, the grid of Invar® is actually utilized, which is an expensive material based on nickel and iron. The use of a porous mineral dielectric plate according to the present invention also has the advantage of providing manufacturing flexibility: the electron-emitting material can be deposited before or after the mounting of the plate, especially before or after adhering it to the second wall. Advantageously, the plates may be selected from ceramic, glass ceramic or glass based materials, especially soda lime alumina glass. Preferably, the wall and/or the apertured plate selected may be a glass sheet which is a soda lime alumina glass (especially when the wall itself is not polarized), particularly for lamps. In the case of a UV lamp, the wall or perforated plate may be made of a suitable glass -11 - 201005789 or preferably made of quartz. The plate may be thin, for example having a thickness of 1 mm or less, especially when attached to the second wall. In the case of a self-supporting glass plate, the thickness is preferably between 0.7 and 3 mm. In the case of one or more discontinuous tantalum layers, the thickness of each layer (whether dielectric or conductive) can be very small, typically between 1 and 50 microns, especially between 5 and 20 microns. And even between 1 and 15 microns. Preferably, the sheets may be formed into one piece or even discontinuous, and may be in the form of a plurality of geometrical shapes (rectangular, square, etc.) of a plurality of plates, with the apertures continuously separating the portions. It is preferable to evenly distribute the plate parts, the lamp must be tightly sealed, and the surrounding seal may be produced in various ways: - by at least one seal: a polymer (halogen oxide, etc.) seal or a mineral (glass frit, etc.) seal; The mineral film is preferably bonded to the at least one surrounding frame of the wall (and/or to the plate), for example by heat sealing or even adhesion of the film, such as glass frit, etc., the film having a thickness of several hundred μm or even Fewer, the frame can alternatively be used as a spacer or in place of one or more separate spacers. Sealing is preferably achieved by at least one seal, especially a mineral seal. The seal can be created, for example, between the first and second walls through the inner faces of the first and second walls, the apertured plates being in the interior space and having a smaller dimension than the second wall. -12- 201005789 It is also possible to create a seal between the free face of the plate (optionally the inner face of the second wall) and the inner face of the first wall. Further, it is therefore preferred to select a plate material having a coefficient of thermal expansion that is close to or similar to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the first wall. The panel then has a size that is approximately equal to or greater than the size of the wall. Moreover, the configuration of the perforated plate can be changed. In the first configuration, the apertured plate is spaced from the second wall (through vacuum) and the aperture is exposed on the opposite side of the free surface (the opposite side is referred to as the bottom surface), thus providing a double surrounding seal, That is, a first seal between the free face of the apertured plate and the inner face of the first wall, and a second seal between the bottom surface of the aperture and the inner face of the second wall. Typically, the panel can be separated from the second wall by a distance of a few mm or less and from the first wall by a distance of a few mm or less. In this double seal configuration, the optional accelerating electrode is preferably integrated into the glass (# reinforced glass), or is still better on the bottom surface, and is preferably in the form of a conductive layer. The aperture may be a bore that is produced on a preferred plate forming the second wall. Thus, in the second configuration, the second wall is composed of a perforated plate having blind holes (ie, not exposed on the bottom surface), but is preferably exposed on at least one and the same edge of the second wall. And the cathode is located in the bottom surface of the aperture in the form of a conductive layer, and is preferably supplied through the concave (lateral or longitudinal) edge to assist in the electrical connection on the cathode, thus covering the emissive material The bottom surface of the aperture is -13 to 201005789, forming a catalyst if necessary, or capable of covering it with a catalyst. The pupil, especially the exposed blind hole, may be of any (polygonal, circular, elliptical, etc.) shape and is preferably in the form of a groove. The grooves may or may not be parallel to each other to be approximately fixed (rectangular, square, etc.) contours or not. The grooves can be quite long, especially in the form of paths made of several parts, so that it is preferred to be exposed on opposite or adjoining edges to aid in electrical connection. In a third configuration, the bottom surface of the panel is secured to the inner surface of the second wall by a chain mechanism that is essentially mineral. The link may be a peripheral, local (restricted) area (by the point of the adhesive, etc.), but the link is preferably distributed over the entire surface of the panel, such as a layer between the panel and the second wall. This link between the second wall and the perforated plate must be compatible with the manufacturing process (vacuum generation, heating, etc.) of the lamp. Thus, the copper-zinc alloy is welded or welded (based on nickel, chromium, indium, gold, tin, etc.) or the anode is sealed. This sealed frit type or any other material has such good heat and mechanical properties that it is a mineral chain. Institutions, especially frits, are preferred. When a seal is created between the plate and the first wall, the chain between the second wall and the apertured plate remains sealed and liquid water and/or water vapor cannot penetrate the chain. For the surrounding seal of the sealed form, and for the chain of the second wall/board (whether the separated or extended chain), the same material # can be used, for example by screen printing the deposited frit. -14- 201005789 For the sake of simplicity, in this third embodiment, the aperture is preferably exposed on the face opposite the free face and the cathode (and thus the bottom face), and the inner face of the second wall comprises an outer conductive layer. The conductive chain material between the second wall and the apertured plate is formed as a layer that at least partially forms the cathode and/or the catalyst for the growth of the emissive material. As such, the layer is at least a bifunctional layer (having a link function with electrical coupling and/or a growth catalyst function). It is below the launch area and below the board. The preferred outer layer of the single layer directly on the inner surface may advantageously be made of a material selected from the group consisting of nickel, chromium, iron, cobalt, and mixtures thereof, especially NiCr. The shape factor of the emissive material corresponds to the ratio of its width (if the variable is the highest width) to its height (if variable, the maximum height). The material can be in various forms: filamentous, tubular, conical. The emissive material can be in the form of a tip, especially a metal tip, typically made of tungsten, and they can be micron or even sub-micron in size. Preferably, the tips are directed toward the first wall, and in particular about 90° to the first wall. The emissive material can also be based on a zinc oxide nanowire. Typical dimensions of such nanowires are as follows: lengths ranging from 1 to 10 microns, 3 to 5 microns, and diameters ranging from 50 to 500 nm, and 100 to 300 nm are preferred. These zinc oxide nanowires can advantageously be obtained by electrochemical deposition at low temperatures. The publication of Pradhan et al., Langmuir 2008, 24, 9707-9716, entitled "Controlled growth of two-dimensional and one-dimensional ZnO nanostructures on glass coated with indium tin oxide by direct electrodeposition" is particularly This type of treatment is illustrated in which a ZnO nanowire is deposited on a glass substrate by soaking it into zinc nitrate (Zn(N〇3)r6H20) solution -15-201005789 and establishing relative relative The potential difference of the electrodes was -1.1 V and a conductive layer of mixed indium tin oxide (ITO) was applied. The emissive material can also be based on a sheet of amorphous carbon, especially in the form of stone-milled carbon or nanotubes. The thickness of the carbon nanotube layer can typically range from 100 nm to one micron, i.e., between 1 and ΙΟμιη. The width of the nanotube is typically on the order of lOnm. The aspect ratio is preferably equal to or greater than 1 〇〇, or even equal to or greater than 1000 〇. The carbon nanotubes can be deposited by any known method at a temperature compatible with the selected substrate: - PECVD (plasma) Enhanced chemical vapor deposition), especially through atmospheric plasma (AP-PECVD), such as Surface and Coatings Technology 20 1, (2007), pp. 53 78-53 82 Se-Jin

The publication of Kying et al., entitled "Growth of Carbon Nanotubes by Atmospheric Pressure Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Using NiCr Catalysts" is generally described. - Thermal growth deposition, as in the cited prior art documents 'by Ijin Nanotech Co. Ltd, by Lee et al; - Screen printing deposition, for example as Journal of Information Display, Vol. 5, No. 4,2004 The general description of the document entitled "Characteristics of Transistor-Type CNT-FED Made Using Photosensitive CNT Plasma" by S Jik-Kwon et al. There are two acceleration configurations available in accordance with the present invention. 201005789 In the active configuration, the accelerating electrode is electrically conductive, especially in the form of a metal layer, which is preferably on the sub-layer, in particular based on alumina or tantalum nitride and/or a sub-layer covered with a protective covering layer, Especially a bauxite or tantalum nitride overlay. As the conductive layer, a metal layer such as a silver layer may be selected, especially a metal layer (silver enamel or the like) of a screen printer, or a conductive metal oxide layer. This acceleration layer is not necessarily solid and completely covered. It may be non-continuous to form a conductive strip or track, especially in the form of a grid. φ This accelerating layer can also be vacuum deposited, especially by magnetron sputtering, before or after the formation of the aperture, or by screen printing or by inkjet printing. In the case of a small size, the accelerating electrode can be supplied to the periphery by the first wall through a metallized spacer or a conductive paste or an adhesive. In the active configuration, a surface is polarized, in particular to further reduce the operating voltage. Φ In the first active configuration, the glass plate (possibly forming the second wall) can be itself polarized. In a second, new passive configuration, a plate (e.g., made of glass or quartz and/or possibly forming a second wall) may comprise a polarizing layer. This layer can be based, for example, on alumina. The polarizing layer can also be a polarization enthalpy. The ground plate can also be polarized. The thickness of the polarizing layer can be, for example, a single micron rating. Preferably, the alumina layer is selected, especially by sputtering with a polarizing tube or by evaporation, or by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), under vacuum. An alumina layer is deposited before or after the formation of the aperture. The polarizing layer can also be germanium, especially from glass-like materials deposited by selective deposition techniques -17-201005789. Deposition techniques such as screen printing, inkjet printing, or other printing, etc. To the general. In the third, new passive configuration, the polarization layer directly on the cathode is a polarization 珐琅. Such an 'unpredictable' can polarize the ruthenium-based layer (formed by the burning of the glass frit). The term "polarized material" is generally understood to mean a material having a residual electric field on at least one of its surfaces. Under extension, the term "polarized surface" of the material (attachment layer and/or plate) is defined to produce a subsurface area of the remaining electric field. It is preferred to direct the residual electric field perpendicular to the surface of the material. This is usually produced by placing the heating material in a strong electric field. In particular, certain glasses, crystals, or polymers are polarized (polarized) to give them nonlinear optical properties, especially second harmonic generation characteristics. In the case of glass (eg amorphous bismuth glass), the remaining field is due to cation migration, especially alkaline metal ions (Li+, Na+, K+, etc.) or alkaline earth lanthanum ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2 +, etc.). This partial depletion of the cations in the outermost surface of the glass produces a very strong internal electric field. Since it is limited to a very small thickness (sometimes a few microns), the polarization produces a very strong residual field. In the publication of R. A. Myers, Optical Letters, Vol. 161, 1 9 9 1, pp. 1 7 3 2, the migration of ions as impurity sodium exists in the glass via the activity of the electric field. Preferably, the polarizing material is selected from glass (especially alumina-based glass) and glass ceramics. The term "alumina-based glass" is understood to mean that 201005789 is a glass 含有 mineral material containing at least 50% by weight of SiO 2 in its chemical composition, especially because of their strength during the sealing operation. Glass, especially sand-based glass in which alumina glass (also known as amorphous sand) is present, is particularly advantageous. Preferably, the polarizing material (obtained from a frit or a conventional layer) is an alumina-based glass comprising less than 1 weight percent of an alkali metal oxide. In particular, glass containing alumina and alkaline earth metal oxides such as CaO, MgO, SrO, BaO. Pure bauxite actually has a very high melting point (above 1 700 °C), so that the use of very expensive melting treatments, the addition of beta alkaline earth metal oxides, can lower the melting point and can be used to make glass. Melting treatment. It is also possible to produce these glasses at temperatures of 1700 ° C or below, or even at 1 600 ° C. The presence of an identifiable metal oxide (Li2〇, Na20, K20) helps to make it easier to melt the glass. However, it is preferred that their total content is limited to less than 1% by weight, because Ο is such that when they are present in a large amount, the life of the remaining field is lowered. Alumina-based glass also contains other oxides, such as αι2ο3, or β2ο3, which make it easier to melt the glass. Advantageously, the alumina-based glass may have one of the compositions described in the application ΕΡ 1 43 3 758. Polarization produces a residual electric field on at least one surface of the dielectric material (referred to as a polarized surface), preferably between 0.5 and 50 microns thick, especially between 5 and 20 microns. The voltages of the order of hundreds or thousands of volts are generated by the two planar electrodes placed between (and in contact with) the material to be polarized. The material is typically heated to a temperature ranging from about -19 to 201005789 100 ° C to about 500 ° C, typically about 300 ° C, to promote cation migration toward the cathode. Preferably, the residual electric field produced by the polarization is between 〇·01 and 1 GV/m, especially between 0.1 and 1 GV/m. Moreover, the electrodes can change position and properties. The electrodes (anode and/or cathode and/or optional accelerating layer) may be in the form of layers. In the present invention, the term "layer" may mean a single layer or multiple layers unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise specified, the conductive layer (anode and/or cathode and/or optional acceleration layer) may be deposited by any mechanism known to those skilled in the art, such as by liquid deposition, etc., especially by Screen printing or inkjet printing, vacuum deposition (evaporation or polarized tube sputtering) or by pyrolysis (through powder or steam (CVD)). The cathode can substantially cover the entire inner face of the second wall (except for the edges). The cathode can comprise (or even consist of) a conductive layer. The cathode may be continuous or discontinuous, especially only in a given emission zone, such as in the form of a guiding track or strip (whether or not there is a hole). The cathode can be specially configured in the form of a grid. The cathode is not necessarily transparent or completely transparent. As the non-transparent electrode material (whether or not), for example, a metal material such as tungsten, copper, or nickel can be used. More particularly, the cathode may be a metallic conductive layer which selectively forms a catalyst for film growth of the emissive material as a layer, especially a material selected from the group consisting of nickel, chromium, iron, cobalt, and mixtures thereof. 201005789 However, it is conceivable that the cathode is transparent (in visible light) and the whole layer is based on a thin layer of pure or alloyed metal, especially silver, selected from pure or mixed and/or doped conductive oxides. Between the two layers produced, which form a transparent multilayer; or - based on pure or mixed and/or doped conductive metal oxides, such as fluorine-doped tin oxide or mixed indium tin oxide (ITO) . Φ It is also possible to select the LiF layer as the cathode. The optional accelerating electrode can cover substantially the entire free surface of the panel. The accelerating electrode can be continuous or discontinuous, in the form of a strip (with or without holes), and can be configured in the form of a grid. The accelerating electrode may be based on a woven or unwoven wire, or may be based on a solid or edging tape, for example partially into the panel. In an active configuration, the accelerating electrode can be based on metal particles or nanoparticles, especially gold and/or silver or conductive oxide particles or nanoparticles, which are preferred in the bonding agent. Better in mineral binders. The accelerating electrode may especially be a layer comprising a glassy binder and a metal particle or a nanoparticle after combustion. This conductive layer, especially in the form of ruthenium, can be deposited, for example, by screen printing or by ink jet printing. Regarding the anode, this may be composed of any transparent conductive material through which visible light and/or UV light can pass. The anode may be: - combined with the outer surface of the first wall, attached to or directly integrated with the surface (contacted or separated by any known adhesion mechanism - 21 - 201005789 - or with The inner face of one wall is bonded, in particular directly deposited on this face or sub-layer; or locally integrated on the surface or completely in the first wall (tempered glass type). Thus, the anode can substantially cover the first wall The entire surface (internal or external) (except for the edges). The anode can be continuous (full layer) or discontinuous, in the form of a grid (in terms of full transparency) (whether or not there is a hole) Preferably, the conductive layer forming the anode is on the sub-layer (an inert metal barrier layer, a tie layer, etc.), especially an alumina or tantalum nitride layer. Preferably, the anode is the first wall. a conductive layer on the inner surface. The anode may be in the form of a (fully) transparent conductive layer or a relatively opaque discontinuous layer (in terms of full transparency). An anode having a transparent (in visible light) full layer form Jiahe is: - pure a thin layer of alloy metal, in particular silver, optionally formed between two layers of purely or mixed and/or doped conductive oxide, which form a transparent multilayer; or - pure or mixed and/or Doped conductive metal oxide based, such as fluorine-doped tin oxide or mixed indium tin oxide (ITO). The anode in the form of an opaque (in the visible and/or UV range) conductive layer may be metal particles or Nanoparticles are based, especially gold and/or silver particles or nanoparticles, or conductive oxide particles or nanoparticles, preferably in the mixture of knots-22-201005789, and even better in mineral binders. The discontinuous opaque conductive layer can be deposited, for example, by screen printing or by inkjet printing. Another option is to use a woven or unwoven wire, whether adjacent or not, with a solid or edging tape. The anode made for the base, for example, is partially intruded into the first wall or into the external dielectric. As for the UV lamp, the anode can be based on a material that transmits UV radiation. The conductive material that transmits UV radiation can be a very thin layer of gold. , for example, with φ l a thickness of the order of 〇nm; or may be a very thin layer of an inert metal such as potassium, tantalum, planer, or lithium, etc., for example, having a thickness of 0.1 to Ιμη: or made of an alloy, such as 25% sodium / 75% Potassium alloy. As mentioned above, if the anode (and/or cathode and/or optional accelerating electrode) material absorbs or reflects UV and/or visible light, the anode (and / or cathode and / or optional accelerating electrode) is designed The transmission is allowed to always transmit the UV or visible radiation. More precisely, it is thus possible to form approximately parallel strips having a width 11 φ and a distance d, and the Π/dl ratio can be between 10% and 50% to allow The total UV or visible light transmission on the electrode side is at least 50%, and the 11/dl ratio can also be adjusted according to the transfer of the bonded walls. It is also possible to form an array of substantially extended conductive pattern elements, such as conductive lines (comparable to These very thin strips) or actual conductive lines, etc., can be substantially straight or wavy, or jagged or the like. This can be defined by a given pitch called pi (the minimum spacing in the example of the number of pitches) between the width of the pattern element and the pattern element, referred to as the width of 12 (the maximum width in the number of widths). Array. Two Series -23- 201005789 Column pattern elements can be crossed. In particular, the array can be organized in the form of a grid, such as a fabric, cloth, or the like. Furthermore, as described above, it is possible to use an array of conductive patterns and by using a width of 12 and/or a pitch pi according to a desired transparency, by using an ll/dl ratio, and/or according to a desired transparency. Obtain full transparency to UV or to visible light. Thus, the width 12 to pitch pi ratio may be equal to 50% or less, preferably 10% or less, and even more preferably 1% or less. For example, the pitch pi may be between 5 μm and 2 cm, preferably between 50 μm and 1.5 cm, and even better between ΙΟΟμηη and lcm, and the width 12 may be between Ιμηη and 1 mm, between 10 and 50 μm Preferably. As an example, a conductive array (in the form of a grid, etc.) can be used on a glass sheet or on a plastic sheet, for example, a PET sheet having a pitch pi between ΙΟΟμηη and 300 μm, and a width 12 of 10 to 20 μm, or An array of conductive wires at least partially interposed into the laminated intermediate layer having a pitch pi between 1 and 10 mm, especially 3 mm, and a width 12 between 10 and 50 μm, especially between 20 and 30 μm. As for the power supply, the positive DC potential VI can be used to supply the anode, typically between 1000V and 3000V, through an external supply structure (often referred to as a busbar) or at least to the outside of the supply structure, preferably using a negative DC potential The V2 or zero (earth) potential is electrically supplied to the cathode, preferably through an external supply structure or a supply structure that extends to the outside. In terms of electrical safety, an electromagnetic shield can be provided. For example, a dielectric of sufficient thickness can be set from -24 to 201005789 above the anode (only the thickness of the first wall or the thickness combined with the additional transparent dielectric). It is also possible to provide a transparent conductive element that is outside the anode, which is electrically insulated from the anode and grounded. For example, 'this may be a transparent conductive single layer or multiple layers, or a fully transparent grid bonded to the outside of the first wall, the anode being on the outside. Moreover, this layer can have low E (low emissivity) or solar control. In the first embodiment: φ - VI is between 1000 V and 300 00 V; and - V2 is the earth potential. In the second embodiment: -VI is between 500V and 150V; and -V2 is between -500V and -1500V. The accelerating electrode can be electrically supplied at a DC potential V3, typically between 100V and 800V. Of course, the flat lamps can be provided with spacers, in particular made of glass, distributed in the form of balls or the like on the surface. Space-type spacers can also be provided, especially for small lamp sizes, where the surrounding frame can optionally be used to seal the lamp. The walls can be kept at a fixed distance. The wall may be of any shape: the shape of the substrate may be polygonal, concave or convex, especially square or rectangular; or curved, with a fixed or variable radius of curvature, especially circular or elliptical. Preferably, the first and second walls may be soda lime alumina sheets or borosilicate glass. The glass can be clear or exceptionally clear. -25- 201005789 At least the first wall can be coated and/or treated by screen printing or the like to provide an optical effect, especially color, decorative effect, structural mitigating effect 'illusion effect' diffusion layer, anti-reflective coating Wait. As for the UV lamp, the first wall can be made of a dielectric material that transmits UV radiation. The material of one or both walls may be selected from the group consisting of quartz, alumina, magnesium fluoride (MgF2) or calcium fluoride (CaF2), borosilicate glass or glass having less than 〇.〇5% Fe203. For a thickness of 3 mm, examples are: - Magnesium fluoride or calcium fluoride is transported over 80% or even 90% over the entire UV range, ie UVA (between 315 and 380 nm), UVB (at 280 and Between 315 nm), UVC (between 200 and 280 nm), or VUV (between about 1 〇 and 200 nm); - Quartz and some high purity alumina transport throughout the entire UVA, UVB, and UVC range greater than 8 0% or even 90%; - borosilicate glass, such as Schott's "Borofloat", etc., delivered over 70% of the entire UVA range; and - has a soda lime alumina glass of less than 〇.〇5% Fe203, especially Saint-Gobain's glass Diamant, Pilkington's glass Optiwhite, and Schott's glass B270, which deliver greater than 70% or even 80% throughout the UVA range. However, 鹸 lime alumina glass, such as glass Planilux sold by Saint-Gobain Glass, has greater than 80% transmission over 360 nm, which is sufficient for certain embodiments and applications. The spacing between the walls can be set by the spacer to be about 〇.3 to 5 mm 201005789, especially equal to or less than about 2 mm. A technique for depositing spacers in a vacuum insulated glazing unit is known from FR-A-2 787 1 3 3. According to this method, the dots of the adhesive are deposited on the glass sheet, especially the dots deposited by screen printing, having a diameter equal to or smaller than the diameter of the spacer, and the glass which enables the spacer to be tilted better. Rolling on the sheet allows a single spacer to adhere to each point of the adhesive. A second piece of glass is then applied over and around the deposited spacer. The Φ spacer can be made of a non-conductive material. Preferably, they are made of glass, especially a soda lime type. According to one embodiment, the lamp can be produced by first creating a sealed enclosure in which the intermediate air chamber is at atmospheric pressure and then (at least) a high vacuum by creating a vacuum. According to this embodiment, one of the walls, preferably the first wall, has a hole in its thickness which is preferably blocked by the mineral sealing member. All or part of the inner surface may be coated with a cathodoluminescent material. In particular, Φ can provide only certain surface areas with cathodoluminescent materials to produce pre-defined illumination (individual UV emission) regions on a given surface. The illuminated area may consist of decorative patterns or displays, such as trademarks or symbols. Advantageously, the cathodoluminescent material can be selected or utilized to determine the color of the illumination within a wide palette. A general phosphor can be selected for the lamp. In the case of UV lamps, in particular, phosphors which emit in UVC are present. For example, materials doped with antimony or doped with lead, such as LaP04: Pr, CaS04: Pb, and the like. There are also phosphors that emit in UVA or near -27-201005789 UVB. For example, yttrium-doped materials such as YB03Gd; YB2〇5: Gd; LaP309: Gd; NaGdSi04; YAI3 (B03) 4: Gd; YPO4: Gd; YAI03: Gd; SrB4〇?: Gd; LaP04:

Gd; LaMgBsOlo: Gd, Pr; LaB308: Gd, Pr; and (CaZn) 3 (P〇4) 2 : TI and the like. It also has a phosphor that emits in the UVA. E.g:

LaP04 : Ce ; ( Mg , Ba ) Aln〇 19 : Ce ; BaSi 2 〇 s : Pb ; YP04 : Ce ; ( Ba , Sr , Mg ) 3Si 2 〇 7 : Pb ; and SrB 4 〇 7 : Eu. Uniformity can be evaluated by comparison (i.e., the ratio of the difference between the maximum brightness and the minimum brightness to the sum of the maximum _ brightness and the minimum brightness). A comparison of less than 80%, or even 50% or less, is preferred. The overall efficiency of the lamp can be evaluated by the Lumens/W production, i.e., the ratio of radiation (optical or UV) force to injected power. It is easy to obtain a yield equal to or greater than 10 lumens/W. The UV lamp according to the invention can produce essentially unidirectional radiation (on the first wall side). In a UV lamp configuration with a single emitting surface, the other wall is opaque @, for example, glass ceramic, or even non-glass dielectric, preferably having a similar coefficient of expansion. The UV lamp according to the invention can produce bidirectional radiation (on the first wall side). For example, it can produce differential illumination. On the side facing the second wall, the total transmission in the visible and/or UV range may be greater than 50%, in particular by sufficiently limiting the area of the emitter, for example an emission zone equal to or less than 50% of the inner area of the lamp. area. Moreover, the second wall (e.g., made of glass) / cathode assembly may have a total transfer of at least -28 - 201005789 70% of visible light. Finally, the cathode can be transparent (as a full layer) or fully transparent (in the form of a strip, grid, etc.), as described above. A lamp that emits in visible light according to the present invention can be used for decoration or for displaying a backlight of a screen (liquid crystal display, television, monitor, etc.). The invention relates to, for example, the production of lighting decorative or architectural elements and/or those having display functions (indicating elements, illuminated signs or indicia), such as illuminating luminaires, in particular flat illuminating luminaires, illuminating walls, in particular suspended walls, illumination Bricks, etc. In particular, the lamp emitted in visible light according to the invention can form: a part of a lighting window (air vent, etc.) for a building or for a moving mechanism, in particular a window of a train window or a cabin or an aircraft cabin; Especially for land, air, or sea moving mechanisms; - internal partitions between rooms or between two compartments of land, air, and sea moving mechanisms; - shop windows, urban furniture components, furniture exteriors, or refrigerator shelves . φ may be stacked by stacking the intermediate layer (made of PVB, PU, EVA, etc.) with the first back panel bonded to the second wall, or by laminating the intermediate layer (by PVB, PU, EVA) And is made of a second back panel stacked in combination with the second wall. The UV lamp according to the invention can be used for both industrial and domestic applications, for example for aesthetic, biochemical, electronic, or food purposes, the latter for example for purifying tap water, for making pool water quotable for purification Air ph for UV drying and for curing. By selecting radiation in UVA or even UVB, root -29-201005789 UV lamps according to the invention can be used: • as a daylight lamp (especially according to the effective standard, with 99.3% in UVA and in UVB) 0.7% lamp); - for skin treatment (especially 3 08 nm radiation in UVA); - for photochemical activation treatment, such as curing, especially adhesives, or cross-linking, or for drying paper; - for activation of fluorescent materials, such as ethidium bromide used in the form of a gel, for analysis of nucleic acids or proteins; - for activating photocatalytic materials, for example for reducing odor from garbage in a refrigerator. The UV lamp according to the present invention is used to promote the formation of vitamin D in the skin by selecting radiation in the UVB. The UV lamp according to the present invention can be used to sterilize/sterilize air, water, or surface by sterilization, especially between 250 nm and 260 nm, by selecting radiation in the UVC. By selecting radiation in the far UVC or preferably UVA for ozone generation, the UV lamp according to the present invention is particularly useful for surface treatment, particularly prior to depositing active layers of electronics, computers, optics, semiconductors, and the like. The UV lamp according to the present invention can be integrated, for example, into a household appliance device, such as a refrigerator or the like, or integrated into a kitchen workbench. It is also advantageous to provide at least one coating having a given function in the UV lamp, the coating being on the outside of one or more walls. This can be: - a coating having the function of blocking radiation at infrared wavelengths, for example for electromagnetic compatibility; and / or -30 - 201005789 - anti-fouling coating (photocatalytic coating comprising Ti〇2, at least Partially crystallized in the form of anatase; and/or anti-reflective multilayer coatings, such as Si3N4/SiO2/Si3N4/SiO2 type crucibles, may be supplied separately from plates and walls with perforated surfaces, or sold in sets, And easy to assemble. The subject of the invention is also the use of apertured plates having a polarized surface, in particular polarized glass plates or dielectric plates (glass, quartz, glass) selected from layers having a polarized alumina-based layer or a polarized layer. Ceramics, ceramics, etc.) are used as electron acceleration components in flat field emission lamps. Thus, the subject of the invention is also to use a discontinuously polarized layer as an electron accelerating element in a flat field emission lamp. In general, the subject of the invention is also the use of apertured plates or non-continuously polarized layers having a polarized surface, in particular selected from polarized glass sheets, polarized germanium layers, layers having a polarized alumina or A dielectric plate Φ having a polarized germanium layer is used as an electron accelerating element in a planar field emission lamp. The subject matter of the invention is also a process for the manufacture of a lamp as described above, comprising the joining of a second wall by a chain material of at least partially formed metal catalyst and/or a preferred (substantially) electrically conductive mineral material of the cathode A perforated plate having a polarized surface and a slit exposed on a face opposite the free face. Preferably, the link material is deposited on both the inner face of the second wall and the face opposite the plate. More precisely, as for the assembly operation, the following steps can be provided: -31 - 201005789 - chaining the plate to the second wall; - depositing the spacer on the perforated plate; - simultaneously assembling the first wall and the selected ground a perforated plate having a magnetized surface; and - sealing the interior space via a sealant around the first wall and the plate or on the second wall. In all configurations of the lamp according to the invention (the plate is spaced from the second wall, joined to the second wall to form the second wall), in terms of creating a vacuum, the following steps can be provided: - through the wall One of the holes replaces the atmosphere contained in the internal space with a vacuum, preferably a high vacuum; and - the hole is plugged with a sealing mechanism. In the example of the plate forming the second wall, a vacuum hole can be formed simultaneously with the blind hole. In order to replace the atmosphere with a gas, a treatment for licking via a double or a plurality of glazing structures, such as the treatment specifically described in the document EP-A-645 516, may be used. In that document, it is recommended that the suspension of sintered glass be used as a sealant. This sealant is placed in the form of a ball at the outer end of the hole just at the beginning of manufacture, a vacuum is created via this assembly, and the sealant is then softened to plug the hole. Another treatment is described in FR-A-2 7 74 3 73, in which a low melting point alloy is used as a sealant. The sealant can be placed at the outer end of the hole just at the beginning of the manufacture in a portion of a suitable shape, a vacuum is created through the assembly, and then melted to seal the wall of the hole to plug the hole. -32- 201005789 A preferred treatment according to the present invention consists in plugging the hole with a sealing disk covering the outer hole of the hole. It is possible to bond the metal to the wall by soldering, and it is preferable to deposit the electron-emitting material on the inner surface of the second wall via a slit exposed on the surface opposite to the free surface of the plate. Upper, the plate is on the inner surface or has been linked to the inner surface. The lamp according to the invention is preferably produced in such a way that it comprises continuously: - a discontinuous deposition of a polarizable frit-based layer on the cathode on the inner face of the second wall, in particular through ink jet printing Or screen printing; - a burning step for forming a layer of germanium; and - a step of polarizing the layer of germanium. [Embodiment] FIG. 1 is a planar field emission lamp 100 having two walls, which are respectively composed of first and second glass sheets 1, 2, and first and second glass sheets, for example, having a thickness of about 3.15. Made of soda lime alumina glass; with inner major faces 11, 12 and outer major faces 12, 22. There is a vacuum in the so-called internal space 10 between the glass sheets 1, 2, and a high vacuum is preferred. First, the inner surface 11 is provided with a conductive coating 3 forming an anode and a coating 5 of a cathode luminescent material, such as one or more. Phosphors to produce white light. The anode 3 is deposited directly on the inner face 11 or on the barrier sublayer, for example, from tantalum nitride (not shown). The anode 3 is, for example, a screen-printed silver layer which is configured to be completely transparent, for example in the form of a grid, or a fully transparent conductive layer -33 - 201005789, such as a silver multilayer or the like. As a variant, the anode 3 can be combined with the first sheet 1 in various ways: it can be deposited on the outer or inner face of the electrically insulating carrier element, the carrier element being joined to the first sheet to press the coating to the outside 12. For example, the component can be an EVA or PVB film or several plastic films such as PET, PVB, and PU films. The anodes 3 may also be in the form of metal grids which are integrated into the plastic film or even into the first sheet, thus forming tempered glass, or in the form of mutually parallel wires. The cathode 4 may also be sandwiched between the first electrical insulator and the second electrical insulator and assembled to the first wall 1. For example, the anode can be inserted between two plastic sheets. Another combination of electrical insulators is as follows: a PVB sheet is used as the first electrical insulator that will be used to bond the second electrical insulator with an anode, such as a PET sheet, etc., with the anode between the PVB sheet and the PET sheet. The inner face 21 itself carries a conductive coating 4 forming a cathode 4. Preferably, the cathode 4 is deposited directly on the inner face 21 of the second sheet. For example, the anode 4 is a full NiCr-based layer, typically having a thickness of 50 to 10 nm, and is fixed to the inner face 21 of the second plate 2 by a perforated plate 6 made of strontium lime bauxite glass. For example, the thickness is about 0.7 mm. This plate 6 is provided with a so-called free or upper main face 61 (this face is turned to the first wall) and is provided with a so-called lower main face 62 (pointing to the second wall). The perforated plate 6 and the second wall 2 are fixed together by a cathode 4 made of brass. Another option is to combine them (either around or on the surface), for example, using a sealant. The apertures 63 of the plates are exposed on the major faces 61, 62 and are evenly distributed over the surface of the plates. For example, the apertures 63 form an array of staggered rectangular pattern elements having a width of about 1 mm and spaced about 1 mm apart, as shown in FIG. The upper surface 61 is covered with a conductive layer 7 forming an accelerating electrode, such as a screen printed silver layer, optionally in the form of a grid. Conductive layer 7 can also be a tantalum layer comprising φ glass-like binder and conductive metal tantalum (e.g., silver particles), typically having a thickness between 10 and 15 microns. It may also be a thin layer deposited by conventional techniques (PVD, CVD), such as made of indium tin oxide (ITO), and doped with fluorine-doped tin oxide (Sn02:F). Made of aluminum zinc oxide (ZnO: A1), or a metal such as silver or molybdenum. As an example, the entire glass plate 6 may be coated with a conductive layer 7 made of indium tin oxide by a cathode sputtering process, and then cut using, for example, sandblasting, laser # (optional with hydrofluoric acid) Or, water jet cutting, piercing the face opposite to the layer 7 to form the slit 63. The inner face 21 further includes carbon nanotubes 8 deposited through the apertures in the cathode 4, which also form a catalyst for growing the nanotubes. The anode 3 is connected to the power supply, for example, via a resilient clamp, and forms an external supply structure 33, such as a screen printed silver enamel. The anode 3 is approximately at a DC potential VI of 1000V to 3000V. In terms of power protection, a transparent conductive layer 3' made of, for example, a conductive oxide is grounded (V4 is equal to 0 V) and is present on the outside of the first wall -35 - 201005789 1 2 . A supply structure 3 3 ' made of, for example, screen-printed silver enamel is formed for this layer 3'. Moreover, the first wall is laminated to the back panel 1 by means of the PVB sheet 13. The cathode 4 is supplied through the elastic clip iron, and a supply structure 43 made of, for example, screen printed silver crucible is formed on the outer surface of the seal. To this end, the plate 6 can be slightly rearward relative to the second wall 2. The cathode 4 is at a DC potential V2 which is preferably equal to 〇V (earth potential). The accelerating electrode 7 is supplied through, for example, a spring-clamping iron, and an external supply structure 73 made of, for example, screen-printed silver enamel is formed. The structure is a DC potential V3 between 100V and 800V. The first wall 1 and the perforated plate 6 are brought together by their faces 11, 61 facing each other and joined together via a sealing material 9. It is preferred to select the seal as a mineral seal. The spacing between the wall 1 and the plate 6 can be formed by placing (evenly preferably) the glass spacer 10' between them (set to a radius of typically less than 5 mm). It is about 0.3 to 5 mm, for example 0.4 to 2 mm. The spacer 10' may have a spherical, cylindrical, or cubic shape, or another multi-angle, such as a cross-shaped cross section. The spacer may be coated with a phosphor which is the same as or different from the phosphor 5. As a variation, the surrounding spacer frame (and therefore the boundary of the plate) and the spacer used in the center can be used. In order to generate a vacuum, the first wall 1 has a hole (not shown) having a thickness throughout its circumference, and has a diameter of a few millimeters to seal the dish (not shown) from the plug - 36 - 201005789 to the outer hole, especially to the weld. Copper disc outside. The spacer 1 〇 ' is deposited and bonded at a previously defined location, such as by an automated device, and the walls 1 and 6 are placed facing each other. Next, the sealant is deposited and sealed and assembled at high temperatures. Next, the atmosphere contained in the hermetic enclosure is removed by a pump through a sealed hole. When a high vacuum is reached, a sealing disc is placed in front of the opening of the sealing hole, and a solder alloy bead is deposited around it. A heat source Φ is activated in the vicinity of the solder to soften the solder and press the disc against the hole of the hole under gravity, thus soldering to the substrate 1 to form a tight sealed plug. Cathodoluminescent material 5 produces uniform white light. Advantageously, the material 5 can be selected or employed to determine the color of the illumination in a wide palette of colours, in the case of decorative lighting, a light-emitting zone of different colours and/or shapes and/or dimensions, or a lighting zone can be formed. Alternating with the dark area. It is also possible to vary the light intensity, for example by varying the thickness of the cathodoluminescent material. In a first variation (not shown), the accelerating electrode can be a polarized alumina layer or a polarized germanium layer, typically having a thickness between 10 and 15 microns. In a second variation (not shown), the plate is replaced by a tantalum dielectric layer, typically having a thickness between 1 and 15 microns, on which is deposited a conductive layer made of conductive germanium having 10 And a thickness between 15 microns. For example, deposition by screen printing can be accomplished. The first layer can be subjected to a combustion operation prior to depositing the second layer. Alternatively, only the first layer of -37-201005789 may be dried prior to deposition of the second layer, and then the two layers may be subjected to combustion treatment together. In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, the structure 200 of the lamp substantially repeats the structure of Figure 1, except: - the acceleration electrode and its power supply are omitted; - the plate 6' is polarized to form a residual field 70 on the surface ( As shown in the detailed view of Fig. 3; the reference-gap hole 63' is an array of rectangular pattern elements in columns and rows (see Fig. 及; and - optionally omitting the laminate and the protective conductor. The chemical composition of the weight of the glass of the aluminum borosilicate type plate 6' is as follows (in percentage):

Si02 64.0 ai2o3 16.0 B 2 〇3 11.0 CaO 8.0 ❿ The type of this composition has the advantage of the remaining field length over two years of use. In the variation shown in Figure 3a of the partial section of the lamp 200', the polarization layer 6 is Instead of a polarizing plate, it typically has a thickness between 1 1 and 15 μm. This is for example obtained from a lead-free glass frit sold under the reference VN 821 from Ferro. The frit is mixed with the medium and then The deposition is performed by screen printing or ink jet printing prior to combustion. The polarization that produces the residual electric field 70" can be substantially over the entire thickness of the layer or on the surface. -38- 201005789 Select the ground, and, as shown in Fig. 3a, the carbon nanotubes can also be replaced by ZnO nanowires 8" deposited on the cathode. After heating the glass or crucible to 300 ° C and The polarization is completed while passing through an electrostatic field of 3 kV. To this end, the glass substrate or the crucible is kept in contact between the two metal electrodes. The residual electric field on the sub-surface is about G·9 GV/m, and the reference is based on the reference JCI 140 CF. Measured by an electrostatic measuring instrument sold by John Chubb Instrumentation. The depth of the subsurface area of the location of the residual electric field is estimated by SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer). This technique is used to detect very high calcium. Partially depleted, above the subsurface area of about 10 microns deep. In the embodiment shown in Figure 5, the polarizing plates are discontinuous in the form of plate portions 6 distributed over the surface, and then the holes 63 are Continuously, the area defined by the plate portion is located in the internal space. The seal is between the first and second walls. In the embodiment shown in Figure 6, the structure 300 of the lamp substantially repeats the structure of Figure 3. Except: - Plate 2' is made up of blind holes 23' Made of 鹸 lime bauxite glass, the plate forms a second wall 2'; - the plate 2' is coated with an alumina-based layer 60 on the inner face 21, by sputtering and then polarized to form the remainder An electric field 70' (as illustrated in detail in FIG. 6); - the blind hole 23' is in the form of a parallel groove which is exposed on the lateral edge of the second wall 23 and is itself concave; - the cathode 4 is discontinuous, Exists in the bottom of the blind hole 23' and on the lateral edge 23 of the recessed -39-201005789 for electrically connecting the cathode 4 (see Fig. 7a) 'having a bus bar 43 on the top of its edge; and - the seal 9 is Between the inner surface of the second wall and the inner surface of the first wall (having a different sealing height in the concave edge connection region and other surrounding regions), the enamel layer 60 may also be a polarized layer, especially having a typical A thickness between 10 and 15 microns. This may for example be obtained from a lead-free glass frit sold under the reference VN 821 from Ferro. The frit is mixed with the medium and then screen printed or Inkjet printing for deposition. Typically, the sample is heated at 300 ° C for 80 minutes in an electric field of 1 kV. The polarization is completed. As an assembly change as shown in Figure 7b, the entire circumference of the panel 2' is recessed to maintain the same sealing height. In the embodiment shown in Figure 8, the structure 400 of the lamp substantially repeats the Structure, except: - replacing (completely or partially) carbon nanotubes with tungsten microtip 8'; - cathode 4' is transparent, such as a conductive oxide layer; - plate 6' is in the inner space, with a second wall The small size, and the seal is between the two walls 1, 2; - the plate 6 is fixed to the second wall 2 with the glass sealant 40 present on the periphery; and the gap between the gap holes 63 is at least a gap The width of the aperture 63 is twice (not drawn to scale in the drawings). With the choice of slot spacing, cathode material 4 and surrounding seals, this lamp 201005789 also produces two-way illumination (and therefore on both sides of the lamp), and its illumination can be maintained differently (eg symbolic by different widths of the arrows) Show general). The above examples are of course not limited to the invention. As for the aperture (blind or exposed and any possible shape) and as for the electrode (the choice of material and shape), or the seal or chain between the plate and the second wall Possible methods, all assembly changes and asymmetry are possible. The illuminating region can also form a list of geometric pattern elements (lines, posts, circles, squares, or any other shape regions), and the spacing between the dimensions of the pattern elements and/or pattern elements can be varied. As a variant, a UV lamp is produced by selecting a cathode illuminating element and a first wall (or second wall) made of a suitable material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other details and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description. a cross-sectional view of the transverse section; - Figure 2 is a top plan view of a perforated glass plate on a glass sheet with electron-emitting material of the first embodiment shown in Figure 1; - Figure 3 is a second embodiment A transverse cross-sectional view of a planar field emission lamp emitted in visible light; - Figure 3a is a partial cross-sectional view of a transverse field emission lamp emitted in visible light in a variation of the second embodiment; - Figure 4 is for 3 is a top view of a perforated glass plate on a glass sheet having electron emission -41 - 201005789 material of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 3; FIG. 5 is a glass sheet having an electron emission material according to another embodiment of the present invention. A top view of a perforated glass plate in a portion; - Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a planar field emission lamp emitted in visible light in the third embodiment; - Figure 7a is used in Figure 6 The third embodiment has an electron The perforated glass sheet on the glass sheet of the emitting material is top view, and Fig. 7b is a variation thereof: and - Fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the planar field emission lamp emitted in visible light in the fourth embodiment. It should be noted that, for the sake of clarity, the various elements of the objects presented are not necessarily drawn to scale. [Description of main component symbols] 1 : First wall 1: First glass piece 1 ': Back panel 2: Second wall 2: Second glass piece 2': Plate 3: Anode 3': Transparent conductive layer 4: Conductive Coating 4': Cathode-42-201005789 5: Phosphor 6: Plate 6': Plate 6": Polarized layer 7: Accelerating electrode 8: Electron emitting material 8': Tungsten microtip φ 8 ": Nanowire 9 : Seal 1 〇: Internal space 1 〇 ' : Spacer 1 1 : Internal main surface 12 : External main surface 13 : Polyvinyl butyral sheet 21 : Internal main surface φ 22 : External main surface 23 : Second wall 23 ' : blind hole 3 3 : external supply structure 33 ′ : supply structure 40 : glass seal 43 : bus bar 60 : layer 61 : face -43 201005789 62 : face 63 : slot 63 ' : slot 7 0 : remaining field 7 0 ' : Residual electric field 7 0": Residual electric field 73: External supply structure 100: Planar field emission lamp 200: Structure 200': Lamp 3 00: Structure 400: Structure

Claims (1)

201005789 VII. Application for Patent Park 1. A type of flat field emission lamp (100 to 400) that transmits radiation in the visible and/or ultraviolet range, comprising: - first and second planar dielectric walls (1, 2) 2)) 'which faces each other' and has a main surface that remains parallel and spaced apart, the luminaire has a surrounding seal (9), thus defining an internal space (10) under vacuum; - a first electrode (3), Referred to as an anode, in a plane parallel to the major surfaces of the Φ and associated with the first wall (1), the assembly comprises the first wall and the anode, which is transparent or generally in the visible light and/or Or the ultraviolet light range is transparent; - a phosphor material (5) that emits visible light and/or ultraviolet (UV) radiation by electronic smashing, the material being on the inner surface (11) of the first wall 'and closer to the internal space than the anode; - a second electrode (4), referred to as the cathode, in a plane parallel to the major surfaces; ® - electron emissive material (8, 8', 8") having a shape factor greater than 10, the material being on the cathode; An electron accelerating element interposed between and spaced apart from the first wall and positioned in a plane parallel to the major surfaces and having a plurality of spaces through which the electrons pass a hole, characterized in that the electron acceleration element comprises a porous, substantially mineral dielectric plate (6, 6', 2') and/or a discontinuous germanium-based dielectric layer (6"), The apertures (63, 63', 23") are exposed at least on the major face of the free face (61) referred to as the plate, opposite the inner face (u) of the first wall, and -45 - 201005789 wherein, in the case of electron bombardment, the apertured plate (6) or the discontinuous raft-based layer (6") carries a third electrode (7) on its free surface (61) which forms a The accelerating electrode, or the apertured plate (6', 2') or the discontinuous germanium-based layer (6") has a polarized surface (60)' such that an electron accelerating residual electric field (70, 70', 70"), and wherein the cathode is on the inner surface (21) of the second wall (2), and/or when the apertured plate of the apertured plate (23) ') is selected as a blind hole in the bottom surface of the gap of the plate (2'). @ 2· A flat lamp (1〇〇 to 400) according to the scope of claim 1 wherein the plate (6, 6', 2') is selected from the group consisting of a ceramic, a glass ceramic, and a glass. base. 3. A flat lamp (1〇〇 to 400) according to item 1 or 2 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the walls (1, 2, 2,) are glass, especially 鹸 lime sand glass, or quartz . The flat lamp (100 to 300) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the seal is preferably at least the mineral seal, the free face of the slab (6, 6') (62) And between the inner face (21) of the first wall. 5. A flat lamp according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the apertured plate is spaced from the second wall and the aperture is exposed on a face opposite the free face. 6. A flat lamp (300) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second wall (2,) is a perforated plate (2,) having a bore (23,) Composition, but exposed on an edge of the second wall is better than -46-201005789, and the cathode is located in the gap hole in the form of a conductive layer and is preferably supplied through the concave edge (23) . 7. According to any one of claims 1 to 4 (100, 200, 400), wherein the preferred transmission is essentially a mechanism (4, 40), especially a frit (40), a fin welding, or An anode seal, and the face (62) of the free face (61) is fixed to the inner face of the second wall (2) (2 • 8 · a flat lamp (400) according to item 7 of the patent application scope, Wherein the gap is exposed on the free surface (61) (62), and the inner surface (21) of the second wall comprises an outer conductive layer (4) made of material, which is located at the Between the two plates, a catalyst which at least partially forms the growth of the cathode and/or the material (8) is used as a layer. 9. The flat lamp (400) according to claim 8 of the patent application, wherein directly A single layer on the inner surface is preferably made of a layer selected from the group consisting of nickel, chromium, iron, cobalt, and mixtures thereof. 10. q to 300 according to any of the preceding claims. Wherein the emissive material (8) is in the form of a carbon based tube. 11. The method of any one of claims 1 to 9 (400), wherein the emissive material comprises a micron-sized or small metal tip (8), in particular a tungsten tip. 12. According to the bottom surface of any of the claims 1 to 9 of the patent application, the chain of the flat lamp mineral is the same as the weld (4), and 1) of the plate. 100, 200, the opposite side of the conductive chain material wall and the material S-side lamp having the hole of the outer surface of the emissive material 100, 200' (100, especially the flat lamp of the nematic item to the sub-micron item a planar light-47-201005789 (2 00,), wherein the emissive material is based on a zinc oxide nanowire (8"). The flat lamp according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein The accelerating electrode (7) on the plate of the hole comprises a conductive layer, in particular a metal layer, and is preferably located on a sub-layer, in particular a sub-layer based on sand or tantalum nitride. A planar lamp (300) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the selected polarizing plate (2,) is coated with a layer (60) based on polarized alumina or polarized germanium. A planar lamp (1〇〇 to 300) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cathode (4) comprises a metal conductive layer (4) 'which forms one of thin film growth for the emissive material (8) The catalyst acts as a layer, especially a material selected from the group consisting of nickel, chromium, iron, cobalt, and mixtures thereof The flat lamp (100 to 400) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cathode (3) is located on the inner surface of the first wall in the form of a transparent conductive layer or a discontinuous metal layer (11), in particular in the form of a grid, and the anode is preferably a 'bare earth or tantalum nitride layer' on a barrier sublayer. 17. A planar light according to any of the preceding claims (100 to 400), wherein the anode (3) is supplied with a positive DC potential (VI), the cathode (4) is grounded (V2), and wherein the lamp optionally comprises an electrical protection element (3'), The outer surface (12) of the first wall is bonded, which is a transparent conductive layer and is grounded (V4) or a transparent medium. 18. A planar light according to any of the preceding claims (400 201005789) On the side of the second wall, the total transfer in the visible light and/or the UV range is equal to or greater than 50%, and the area of the (etc.) emitter region is equal to or less than 50% of the inner area of the lamp. 19. A planar light (1〇0 to 400) according to any one of the preceding claims, The lamp that emits with the visible light forms an element of a decorative or architectural element that has a display function, such as, for example, a planar lighting fixture, an illumination wall, in particular a suspended wall, a lighting tile, and a backlight for displaying the screen. The flat lamp (1〇〇 to 400) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the light emitted by the visible light forms a lighting window for a building or a land, air, and sea moving mechanism One part of the lighting window, the illuminated roof of the moving mechanism, the internal partition between the two compartments of the land, air and sea moving mechanism or between the two rooms, a window, an urban furniture component 'a furniture look or a a refrigerator shelf, and the UV lamp therein is used for aesthetic purposes, such as a sun light, for biochemical, electronic, or food purposes, for Φ purifying tap water, for making swimming pool water drinkable, for purifying air ph, Used for UV drying and for curing. 21. Use of a perforated plate (2', 6') or a discontinuous tantalum layer (6" having a polarized surface, in particular selected from the group consisting of a polarized alumina based layer (60) Or a polarized glass plate (2, 6') having a polarized layer, a polarized layer (6"), or a dielectric plate, such as in a planar field emission lamp (200 to 400) An electronic acceleration component. 22. A method of manufacturing a lamp, which is a lamp (1, 200, 400) according to any one of claims 1 to 20, comprising at least partially formed by -49-201005789 a catalyst of the emissive material acts as a layer and/or a link material of the cathode to link the second wall (2) and the perforated plate (6' 6'), the perforated plate having a dew a slot on the face (61) opposite the free face (62). 23. The method of manufacturing a lamp (100, 200, 400) according to claim 22, wherein the link material is deposited on the inner face of the second wall and on the face opposite the plate. 24. The method of manufacturing a lamp (1, 200, 40 0) according to claim 22 or 23, wherein the gap hole' is exposed on the face opposite the free face of the plate The electron-emitting material (8) is deposited on the inner face of the second wall. A lamp (200') according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the method continuously comprises: - the a non-continuous deposition of a polarizable frit-based layer on the inner surface of the cathode, in particular through ink jet printing or screen printing; a combustion step to form the tantalum layer (6"); - a step of polarizing the layer (6"). -50-