200916780 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是有關於一種非侵入式泥砂濃度及流速量測系 統’特別是指一種可即時量測試驗室水槽中水流泥砂濃度 及流速的超音波量測系統。 【先前技術】 對於地形陡峻、河川湍急的地區，每逢颱洪暴雨河川 流量瞬時遽增，挾帶大量泥砂進入河川，連帶發生泥砂運 移冲刷〉儿積等現象。相關研究單位為了瞭解泥砂運移機 制，常用水工模型或是水槽試驗模擬現場的含砂水流。試 驗時所採用之泥砂，由於要正確採集到與現地泥砂粒徑比 例一致並不容易，現行做法通常還採用高嶺土，或以染劑 配合不同密度的流體來進行n前者做法是因為高嶺土 粒徑約等同於水庫泥砂平均粒徑’可代表水庫泥砂；後者 做法尤其在進行水流中各高程不同密度流體運動相關試驗 時採用，例如模擬挾帶泥砂的高濃度異重流自上游經水庫 底層往下游机的狀_，在水工試驗則是以鹽水（密度高 於純水）加入染劑當作高濃度異重流，藉此可由模㈣清 楚觀察其流動機制。 β無論採用高嶺土或鹽水來進行試驗，量測濃度的方法 ’疋利用虹吸方式先在特定高程及位置抽取樣品，再利用 砂重換鼻成水體中的泥砂濃度，或抽取樣品後 用鹽料量測鹽水漢度，但此方式無法即時獲知濃度。 使用木劑進仃試驗來說，是藉由一般濁度計的光學 200916780 透光性來判斷濃度’雖可即時獲知泥砂濃度，但應用性並 不南’原因在於目前濁度計可量得較準禮的泥砂濃度範圍 約在3000〜5000濁度（NTU)，而一般在現場所觀測到的泥砂 濃度可能經常高達數十萬NTU。 至於量測流速方面，一般是使用一維（譬如：皮托管）、 二維（譬如：ACM-200p電磁式流速計）或是三維（譬如：ADv流 速儀）的流速儀進行侵入式的流速量測，但是上述方法皆會 影響到流場。 除了上述即時性及應用性的限制之外，該二種現行技 術（濃度或是流速量測技術），取樣或量測儀器皆會對於流場 產生侵入式的干擾，而產生試驗量測時的濃度/流速誤差。 【發明内容】 ~ 因此，本發明之目的，即在提供一種針對流動中的流 體自動化即時i測其泥砂濃度及流速隨時間變化的非侵 入式水工試驗用超音波泥砂濃度及流速測定裝置。 於&本發明疋包含一支架組、一或多級超音波測定 單’及-處理單元。支架組包括二對稱地分別設於該水 才曰—側的直立支撐架’每—支撐架設有多數縱向間隔排列 的定位部，且該等定位部與另一支撐架的定位部相對應而 高程對齊。 卜超9波測疋單元包括一超音波發射端、一接收端 ^ 。傳輪線該發射端與接收端分別可移離地裝設於 X支#架的呵孝王相對齊的定位部，且該發射端用以對水 槽中之含砂流體發射—發射訊號，該接收端則用以接收一 200916780 — 由2發射訊號通過含砂流體後成為的衰減訊號。若為多組 &音波測定單元，則各組的發射端與接收端是分別沿對應 之支撑架縱向相互間隔設置，藉此可測定不同高程的泥砂 濃度及流速。 處理單元透過該組傳輸線與該發射端、接收端連接， 可依據該發射訊號及衰減訊號的強度#知衰》咸量，並推算 對應之水流濃度及流速。 【實施方式】 有關本發明之前述及其他技術内容、特點與功效，在 以下配σ參考圖式之二個較佳實施例的詳細說明中，將可 清楚的呈現。 在本發明被詳細描述之前，要注意的是，在以下的說 明内谷中，類似的元件是以相同的編號來表示。 參閱圖1、圖2 ’本發明非侵入式水工試驗用超音波泥 砂濃度及流速測定裝置2的第一較佳實施例應用於一具有 一水槽1的水工模型1〇〇，該水槽i供含泥砂的流體流動其 中’本實施例以模擬在水庫底層運移的高泥砂濃度異重流 運動的水槽1舉例說明，但不以此為限。水槽1包括一界 疋出寬5公分 '兩40公分、長度約1〇〇公分的長方體容置 玉間的水槽壁10、—貫穿水槽壁10 —端近底部且供模擬的 含泥砂流體進入的進水σ U、一安裝於容置空間内近進水 口 11處的導流;^ 12 ’及—溢流區13。溢流區13是由設於 水槽壁10 Θ側的數個分隔板圍繞界定而成，橫截面概呈L 型，具有一朝上的頂端開口 131及一側向貫通水槽壁1〇形 200916780 成的末端開口 132。假設水工試驗預設水位為％公分古， 則溢流管13的頂端開口⑶應位於容置空間3〇公分^ 處，藉此，當流體自水们的進水口 n流入且水位高達川 公分時，多出的液體則由頂端開σ 131進入溢流區Η，再 經末端開口 13 2排出水槽1。 配合參閱圖3,本實施例測定襄置2可供測定濃度或流 速’並包含多組超音波敎單元3、—支架組4、—處理單 凡5,及""供電給超音波測定單元3及處理單元5的電源6 〇 支架組4包括二直立對稱地分別設於水槽i (長）約 5〇公分處二側的支撐帛41，及—連接該二支擇架μ底端 或頂端的連接帛42,圖中以連接底端舉例說明。支撐架41 及連接架42橫截面皆呈㈠（圖未示）而具有缺凹處，也 可以是由中空圓管或方形管構成而截面呈封閉型。每一支 揮架41設有多數縱向間隔排列較位部41〇，且該等定位 部410與另-支撐架41的定位部41〇相對應而高程對齊。 在本實施例，該等^位部41〇是貫穿支撐架41形成的螺孔 〇 本實施例是以該裝置2包括四組超音波測定單元3舉 :說明，且圖3中部分省略而僅顯示其中二組。每一組超 音波測定單元3包括-超音波發射端3]、一接收端^，及 -組傳輸線7。該組傳輸線7包括與發射端31之電源控制 極、訊號接發控制極分別連接的—電源傳輸線71、一訊號 接發控制傳輸線72 ’及與接收端32之電源控制極、訊號接 200916780 #控制極分職接的另—電源傳輸線71、另 一訊號接發控 . 制傳輸線72 ’共四條傳輪線（圖中僅顯示其中與接收端32 連接之一條）’谷置於支撐架41、連接架缺凹處或中空 & ’再分別連接至電源6及處理單元5。當然，本發明中傳 輸線7的配線方式不以上述為限。 該發射端31與捿收端32分別裝設於該二支撐架41的 高程相對齊的定位部41〇 ’而各組超音波測定單元3的發射 端31與接收端32則是分別沿對應之支撐架41縱向相互間 δ又置，藉此，在對應水槽1不同高程處皆設有超音波測 定單兀3 ’可量測水槽i中不同高程流體的濃度。以本實施 例來說’是將四組超音波測定單元3分別設在高程4、8、 16、20公分處（如圖2中a、B、c、D點位置，圖3中僅 顯示其中二組超音波測定單元3設在c、D點位置）。 每一組超音波測定單元3的發射端31及接收端32分 別包括一固定器311、32卜及一設於固定器311、321上且 鄰近該水槽1的超音波探頭312、322。發射端31的探頭 312用以對水槽1中之流體發射一發射訊號，接收端32的 探頭322則用以接收一由該發射訊號通過流體後成為的衰 減訊號。固定器311、321各包括一開口朝向水槽丨且供超 音波探頭312、322對應裝設的杯型本體313、323，及一設 於該本體313、323末端的螺絲Ή4、324。超音波發射端 31及接收端32藉由使螺絲314、324穿設於對應定位部 410 (螺孔）而裝設於支撐架41，且該等螺絲314、是 可調整地相對於支撐架41旋轉靠近或遠離水槽丨。為避免 9 200916780 ' _干擾，該等個別位於不同高程的超音波測定單元3中 ’其中—組超音波發射端31發射出發射訊號且對應接收端 32接收後，另一組才進行發射及接收。 發射端31與接收端32 #固定方式並不以上述為限， 支撐架41的定位部410也可以只是貫穿各該支撐架41而 形成的穿孔，此時發射端31及接收端32収藉由固定器 311、切（不限上述型態）嵌設於對應穿孔而定位。值得一 提的是，若超音波測定單元3數量有限，例如只有一組， 也可以量測一尚程濃度完畢後，將發射端31及接收端Μ 移離原本定位部41〇而改設在另一高程的定位部41〇。 處理單元5透過傳輸線與該等發射端31、接收端32連 接可依據每一組超音波測定單元3的發射訊號及衰減訊 號，強度得知所在高程位置的肖音波訊號衰減量，並將衰 減=代入一預先經率定求出之超音波衰減量-濃度關係式而 推算求出對應之泥砂濃度。以石門水庫泥砂濃度量測為例 ，其預先率定的方式如圖6所示，率定流程包括： 1·決定所要量測的溶液濃度範圍及濃度值，例如圖7之 圖表中表示，所量測的溶液濃度範圍為1000〜300000ppm ( lppm=lmg/1L)，且共選定2〇個濃度值進行量測。當然，選 定的濃度值量測數量不以20為限，若濃度值隨分貝（dB) 值變化大時，應考慮加密測點。 2·依所需濃度分別以電子秤秤得溶質及溶液重。 3·針對這20種濃度溶液’使用攪拌器攪拌24〜96小時 ’且控制溶液溫度為5°C、轉速為800RPM。 10 200916780 4·將攪拌完成的溶液分別放入攪拌保溫桶，並擇定其中 之一（通常是依序）放入溫度計及超音波探頭。若有需要 維持較長時間低溫，更可在保溫桶中放入冷卻器。 — 5.每隔3t：的溫度變化，利用該超音波探頭進行—次量 測，直到18 C為止。在此步驟中測得該濃度溶液在各種溫 度下的超音波訊號振幅大小、傳遞時間（T〇F )，並記錄波 形。藉此得知超音波訊號對應這種濃度溶液的衰減值。 接著回到步驟4.，針對另一種濃度的溶液進行步驟5 ，直到所有濃度測定完成為止，製成圖7所示圖表。 本實施例也可應用來量測流速，I同樣需事先進行率 定。需注意的是’量測流速時的裝置佈置與量測濃度時的 佈置方式（超音波訊號打出之方向垂直水流方向）不同， 量測流速時必須調整支架組4方位，而使超音波發射端Η 朝接收端發出之«方向與試驗讀1内水流方向呈現小 於90。的關係（如圖4所示）。調整角度的原因是因為流速 量測的原理是依據水流方向對於超音波的衰減量而求得， 因此超音波佈置方向必須存在平行於水流方向的分量則 處理單7L 5 (圖3)可透過分解超音波直射能量之水平分量 ’配合超音波衰減量-流速關係式換算出平行於流場方向的 流速。 玉體而3，使用本發明超音波泥沙濃度及流速測定裝 置2的操作流程如圖5所示，包含以下步驟： 步驟S丨—设疋超音波測定單元3之量測高程，例如圖2 所不罝冽4、8、16、20公分高程處之濃度或流速。 200916780 步驟S2〜依量測濃度或流速之需求，安裝超音波發射 端31及接收端32。如上文所述，本裝置2量測含砂流體之 濃度時’安裝方式需使超音波發射端31朝向接收端32發 射訊號之方向與水流方向垂直，而量測含砂流體之流速時 ’安裝方式則需使超音波發射端31朝向接收端32發射訊 號之方向與水流方向之間夾角小於90。，藉此產生平行水流 方向的超音波訊號分量。 步驟S3〜超音波發射端31發射超音波訊號。 步驟S4—超音波接收端32接收超音波訊號。 需注意的是，上述步驟I及步驟心必須是按照高程逐 人進行，也就是一尚程（例如在4公分處）的超音波發射 端31發射訊號（I)、且其對應接收端32接收對應訊號（ S4)後，另一高程（例如8公分處）的超音波發射端31才 又進行其步驟S3、S4 ;且另一方面，4公分高程處的訊號已 進入下一步驟§5作進一步處理。 步驟S5—訊號傳輸至處理單元5。 步驟L一處理單元5將訊號衰減量帶入衰減量-濃度或 μ速關係式，依序求出每_高程的濃度或流速。 本發明非侵入式水工試驗用超音波泥砂濃度及流速測 疋凌置100的第一較佳實施例與第一較佳實施例主要差異 在於.第二較佳實施例的測定裝置2設計用來同時測定各 问轾特定點的濃度及流速（不用調整佈置方式）。如圖8所 不為圖顯不針對其中-高程之特定點所佈置的測定裝置2 ’其包含二組超音波測定單元3,且支架組4的支撐架41 12 200916780 (圖未示）需能供該二組超音波測 限，例如共四支撑架41，其中_ = = 3農設，形式不 1垂直(如圖3所示)，裝設在這一對二?：連線與水槽 定單元3用以量測濃度，另—對支撐架^❸超音波測 1决一勒a* ^ . ’、 的連線則與水槽 1夹&角，裝设在這-對支樓架4」: 則用以量測流速。測定裝置2的其餘構件及== 第一較佳實施例相同。 '了/、 =納上述，湘本發明非侵人式水1驗用超 砂濃度及流速敎裝置2，其超音波測定單元3可方便地被 裝“各種尚程位置並且不干擾水槽丨内流場且處理單 元5可立即讀取超音波訊辨奈、ά 心曰及況號农減篁而即時運算求出泥砂濃 度，對試驗操作而言，不但操作方便、可消拜以往取樣時 干擾机场產生的誤差’且可在流場試驗當中立即取得準確 的泥砂濃度數據，有助於提昇效率。 惟以上所述者，僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已，當不 能以此限定本發明實施之範圍，即大凡依本發明申請專利 範圍及發明說明内容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾皆仍 屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍内。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1是一立體分解圖，說明本發明非侵入式水工試驗 用超音波泥砂濃度及流速測定裝置較佳實施例所應用的水 槽的俯視圖； 圖2是該水槽的側視圖； 圖3是非侵入式水工試驗用超音波泥砂濃度及流速測 13 200916780 定裝置的示意圖，圖示未按照實際比例； 圖4是一俯視圖，説明該實施例用於量測流速時的配 置方式； 圖5是一流程圖，說明該實施例之操作順序； 圖6是一流程圖，說明本實施例之超音波衰減量-濃度 關係式的率定方式： 6率定方式獲得的超音波衰減量-濃度 圖7是一利用圖6 關係圖；及 圖8是一類似圖4 同時量測濃度及流迷時的 的視圖，說明第二較佳實施例用於 配置方式。 14 200916780 【主要元件符號說明】 100.......水工模型 1 ..........水槽 10 .........水槽壁 11 .........進水口 12 .........導流板 13 .........溢流區 131 .......頂端開口 132 .......末端開口 2 ..........測定裝置 3 ..........超音波測定單元 31 .........發射端 32 .........接收端 311 ' 321固定器 312、322 探頭 313、 323杯型本體 314、 324 螺絲 4 ..........支架組 41 .........支撐架 410.......定位部 42 .........連接架 5 ..........處理單元 6 ..........電源 7 ..........傳輸線 71 .........電源傳輸線 72 .........訊號接發控制傳輸線 A、B、C、D高程 S!〜S6 ··•步驟 15200916780 IX. INSTRUCTIONS: [Technical field of invention] The present invention relates to a non-intrusive mud concentration and flow rate measurement system, in particular to an ultrasonic wave capable of instantaneously measuring the concentration and velocity of water in a test chamber water tank. Measurement system. [Prior Art] For areas with steep terrain and turbulent rivers, the flow of rivers and rivers in the Taihong River is instantaneously increased, and a large amount of muddy sand enters the river, causing mud and sand migration and erosion. In order to understand the mud-sand migration mechanism, the relevant research unit used a hydraulic model or a tank test to simulate the sand-bearing water flow at the site. The mud sand used in the test is not easy to be properly collected and the ratio of the particle size of the existing mud sand. The current practice usually uses kaolin, or the dye is mixed with different density fluids. The former method is because the kaolin particle size is about Equivalent to the average particle size of the reservoir mud sand can represent the mud sand of the reservoir; the latter method is especially used in the experiments related to the movement of different density fluids in the water flow. For example, the high concentration heterogeneous flow of the simulated muddy sand is filtered from the upstream to the downstream of the reservoir. In the hydraulic test, the dye is added as a high-concentration heterogeneous flow in brine (density higher than pure water), whereby the flow mechanism can be clearly observed by the mold (4). β Whether using kaolin or salt water for testing, the method of measuring the concentration '疋 uses the siphon method to first sample the sample at a specific elevation and position, and then use the sand to change the concentration of the mud in the body of the water, or the amount of salt after the sample is taken. The salt water is measured, but this method does not know the concentration immediately. In the case of using the wood agent test, the density is judged by the optical transmittance of the general turbidity meter 200916780. Although the mud sand concentration can be immediately known, the applicability is not south. The reason is that the current turbidity meter can be compared. The concentration of mud sand in the quasi-ritual range is about 3000~5000 turbidity (NTU), and the concentration of mud sand generally observed at the site may often be hundreds of thousands of NTU. As for the measurement of the flow rate, it is generally carried out using a one-dimensional (such as: pitot tube), two-dimensional (such as: ACM-200p electromagnetic flow meter) or three-dimensional (such as: ADv flow meter) flow meter for invasive flow rate Test, but the above methods will affect the flow field. In addition to the above-mentioned immediacy and application limitations, the two current technologies (concentration or flow rate measurement technology), sampling or measuring instruments will generate intrusive interference to the flow field, and the test measurement will be produced. Concentration/flow rate error. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for measuring the concentration and flow rate of ultrasonic waves for non-invasive hydraulic tests for the instantaneous measurement of fluid concentration and flow rate for fluids in flow. The &<>>> includes a stent set, one or more stages of ultrasonic assay single' and processing units. The bracket group includes two vertical support frames symmetrically disposed on the side of the water rafter. Each of the support frames is provided with a plurality of longitudinally spaced positioning portions, and the positioning portions correspond to the positioning portions of the other support frames and are elevated. Align. The Bucha 9-wave measuring unit comprises an ultrasonic transmitting end and a receiving end ^. The transmitting end and the receiving end are respectively movable away from the positioning portion of the X-xiao Wang of the X-branch frame, and the transmitting end is used for transmitting and transmitting signals to the sand-containing fluid in the water tank, the receiving The terminal is used to receive a 200916780 - a decay signal that is generated by the 2 transmitted signal passing through the sand-containing fluid. In the case of a plurality of & sonic measuring units, the transmitting end and the receiving end of each group are respectively spaced apart from each other along the longitudinal direction of the corresponding supporting frame, thereby measuring the concentration and flow rate of the mud sand at different elevations. The processing unit is connected to the transmitting end and the receiving end through the set of transmission lines, and can calculate the salt flow amount according to the intensity of the transmitted signal and the attenuation signal, and calculate the corresponding water flow concentration and flow rate. The above and other technical contents, features and effects of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the accompanying drawings. Before the present invention is described in detail, it is noted that in the following description, similar elements are denoted by the same reference numerals. Referring to Figures 1 and 2, a first preferred embodiment of the ultrasonic muddy sand concentration and flow rate measuring device 2 for non-invasive hydraulic testing of the present invention is applied to a hydraulic model 1 having a water tank 1 For the fluid flow containing muddy sand, the present embodiment is exemplified by, but not limited to, the water tank 1 for simulating the movement of the high muddy sand concentration in the bottom layer of the reservoir. The water tank 1 comprises a water tank wall 10 which is 5 cm wide and 2 40 cm wide and has a length of about 1 cm, and a water tank wall 10 which is placed between the end of the tank wall 10 and is near the bottom and is provided for the simulation of the mud-containing fluid. Inlet water σ U, a diversion flow installed at the near water inlet 11 in the accommodating space; ^ 12 'and the overflow area 13 . The overflow zone 13 is defined by a plurality of partition plates disposed on the side of the water tank wall 10, and has an L-shaped cross section with an upwardly facing top opening 131 and a side through tank wall 1 shaped by the shape of the tunnel. An end opening 132 is formed. Assuming that the preset water level of the hydraulic test is % centimeters, the top opening (3) of the overflow pipe 13 should be located at 3 cm of the accommodating space, whereby the fluid flows from the water inlet n of the water and the water level is as high as 0.5 cm. At the time, the excess liquid enters the overflow zone by the top opening σ 131 and exits the water tank 1 through the end opening 13 2 . Referring to FIG. 3, in this embodiment, the measuring device 2 can be used to determine the concentration or flow rate' and includes a plurality of sets of ultrasonic 敎 units 3, a set of brackets 4, a processing unit 5, and a "" power supply for ultrasonic measurement The power supply unit 6 of the unit 3 and the processing unit 5 includes two supporting cymbals 41 which are respectively disposed symmetrically on the two sides of the water tank i (long) about 5 〇 cm, and - the bottom end of the two supporting frames or The connection port 42 at the top is illustrated by the bottom of the connection. The cross-sections of the support frame 41 and the connecting frame 42 are either (1) (not shown) and have a recessed portion, and may be formed by a hollow circular tube or a square tube and have a closed cross section. Each of the swings 41 is provided with a plurality of longitudinally spaced alignment portions 41, and the positioning portions 410 are aligned with the positioning portions 41 of the other support frame 41 to be aligned. In the present embodiment, the position portion 41A is a screw hole formed through the support frame 41. The present embodiment includes the device 2 including four sets of ultrasonic measuring units 3: an explanation, and a part of FIG. 3 is omitted and only Show two of them. Each set of ultrasonic measuring units 3 includes a - ultrasonic transmitting end 3], a receiving end ^, and a set of transmission lines 7. The transmission line 7 includes a power transmission line 71 connected to the power supply control terminal and the signal transmission control terminal of the transmitting end 31, a signal transmission control line 72', and a power control terminal of the receiving end 32, and the signal connection 200916780 #Control The other part of the power supply transmission line 71, another signal transmission line control system transmission line 72 'a total of four transmission lines (only one of which is connected to the receiving end 32 is shown in the figure) 'the valley is placed on the support frame 41, the connection The vacant recess or hollow & ' is connected to the power source 6 and the processing unit 5 respectively. Of course, the wiring pattern of the transmission line 7 in the present invention is not limited to the above. The transmitting end 31 and the receiving end 32 are respectively disposed on the elevation-aligned positioning portions 41〇' of the two supporting frames 41, and the transmitting end 31 and the receiving end 32 of each group of ultrasonic measuring units 3 are respectively corresponding to each other. The support frames 41 are longitudinally mutually δ, whereby the ultrasonic measuring unit 3' can be measured at different elevations of the corresponding water tank 1 to measure the concentration of different elevation fluids in the water tank i. In the present embodiment, the four sets of ultrasonic measuring units 3 are respectively set at elevations of 4, 8, 16, and 20 centimeters (as shown in points a, B, c, and D in Fig. 2, only the ones in Fig. 3 are shown therein. The two sets of ultrasonic measuring units 3 are located at points c and D). The transmitting end 31 and the receiving end 32 of each set of ultrasonic measuring unit 3 respectively include a holder 311, 32 and an ultrasonic probe 312, 322 disposed on the holders 311, 321 adjacent to the sink 1. The probe 312 of the transmitting end 31 is for transmitting a transmitting signal to the fluid in the water tank 1, and the probe 322 of the receiving end 32 is for receiving a damping signal which is obtained by passing the transmitting signal through the fluid. The holders 311, 321 each include a cup-shaped body 313, 323 having an opening facing the sink and corresponding to the ultrasonic probes 312, 322, and a screw set 4, 324 provided at the ends of the bodies 313, 323. The ultrasonic transmitting end 31 and the receiving end 32 are mounted on the support frame 41 by passing the screws 314 and 324 through the corresponding positioning portion 410 (coiled holes), and the screws 314 are adjustably opposite to the support frame 41. Rotate close to or away from the sink. In order to avoid 9 200916780 ' _ interference, the individual ultrasonic vibration measuring units 3 located in different elevations transmit the transmission signal and the corresponding group 32 receives the transmission signal and the other group transmits and receives. . The transmitting end 31 and the receiving end 32 are not limited to the above, and the positioning portion 410 of the supporting frame 41 may only be a through hole formed through each of the supporting frames 41. At this time, the transmitting end 31 and the receiving end 32 are received by the receiving end 31. The holder 311 is cut (not limited to the above type) and embedded in the corresponding perforation for positioning. It is worth mentioning that if the number of the ultrasonic measuring unit 3 is limited, for example, only one set, it is also possible to measure the concentration of the remaining range and then shift the transmitting end 31 and the receiving end 离 away from the original positioning unit 41〇. Another elevation positioning unit 41〇. The processing unit 5 is connected to the transmitting end 31 and the receiving end 32 through the transmission line. According to the transmitting signal and the attenuating signal of each group of the ultrasonic measuring unit 3, the intensity of the oscillating signal attenuation at the elevation position is known, and the attenuation is determined. Substituting a supersonic attenuation amount-concentration relationship obtained by a predetermined rate to calculate the corresponding mud sand concentration. Taking the sediment concentration measurement of Shimen Reservoir as an example, the pre-determined method is shown in Figure 6. The calibration process includes: 1. Determine the concentration range and concentration value of the solution to be measured, for example, in the chart of Figure 7. The measured solution concentration ranged from 1000 to 300,000 ppm (lppm = 1 mg/1 L), and a total of 2 concentration values were selected for measurement. Of course, the selected concentration value is not limited to 20, and if the concentration value varies greatly with the decibel (dB) value, the encrypted measurement point should be considered. 2. According to the required concentration, the solute and solution weight are obtained by electronic scales. 3. For these 20 concentration solutions, the mixture was stirred for 24 to 96 hours using a stirrer and the temperature of the control solution was 5 ° C and the number of revolutions was 800 RPM. 10 200916780 4. Place the stirred solution into a mixing tank and select one of them (usually in order) into the thermometer and ultrasonic probe. If it is necessary to maintain a low temperature for a long time, a cooler can be placed in the cooler. — 5. Every 3t: temperature change, use the ultrasonic probe to measure - until 18 C. In this step, the amplitude of the ultrasonic signal at the various concentrations of the solution, the transit time (T〇F), and the waveform were recorded. From this, it is known that the ultrasonic signal corresponds to the attenuation value of the solution of this concentration. Next, return to step 4. Perform step 5 for the solution of the other concentration until all the concentration determinations are completed, and the graph shown in Fig. 7 is prepared. This embodiment can also be applied to measure the flow rate, and I also needs to be determined in advance. It should be noted that the arrangement of the device when measuring the flow rate is different from the arrangement of the measured concentration (the vertical direction of the direction in which the ultrasonic signal is emitted). When measuring the flow rate, the orientation of the bracket group 4 must be adjusted, and the ultrasonic transmitting end is made. « The direction of the water flowing toward the receiving end is less than 90 in the direction of the test reading. Relationship (as shown in Figure 4). The reason for adjusting the angle is because the principle of the flow rate measurement is obtained according to the attenuation direction of the water flow direction for the ultrasonic wave. Therefore, the direction of the ultrasonic wave arrangement must be parallel to the direction of the water flow, and the processing unit 7L 5 (Fig. 3) can be decomposed. The horizontal component of the supersonic direct energy 'conforms with the ultrasonic attenuation amount-flow rate relationship to convert the flow velocity parallel to the flow field direction. As shown in FIG. 5, the operation flow of the ultrasonic sediment concentration and flow rate measuring device 2 of the present invention includes the following steps: Step S丨—Setting the measuring elevation of the ultrasonic measuring unit 3, for example, FIG. The concentration or flow rate at the elevation of 4, 8, 16, or 20 cm. 200916780 Step S2~ The ultrasonic transmitting end 31 and the receiving end 32 are installed according to the demand for measuring the concentration or the flow rate. As described above, when the device 2 measures the concentration of the sand-containing fluid, the installation mode is such that the direction in which the ultrasonic wave transmitting end 31 emits the signal toward the receiving end 32 is perpendicular to the direction of the water flow, and when measuring the flow rate of the sand-containing fluid, 'installation In this manner, the angle between the direction in which the ultrasonic transmitting end 31 transmits the signal toward the receiving end 32 and the direction of the water flow is less than 90. Thereby, the ultrasonic signal component in the direction of the parallel water flow is generated. The step S3~the ultrasonic transmitting end 31 emits an ultrasonic signal. Step S4 - The ultrasonic receiving end 32 receives the ultrasonic signal. It should be noted that the above steps I and the steps must be performed on a per-elevation basis, that is, a supersonic transmitting end 31 (for example, at 4 cm) transmits a signal (I), and its corresponding receiving end 32 receives After the corresponding signal (S4), the ultrasonic transmitting end 31 of another elevation (for example, 8 cm) performs its steps S3 and S4 again; and on the other hand, the signal at the 4 cm elevation has entered the next step §5 Further processing. Step S5 - the signal is transmitted to the processing unit 5. In step L, the processing unit 5 brings the signal attenuation amount into the attenuation amount-concentration or μ-speed relationship, and sequentially determines the concentration or flow rate per _ elevation. The first preferred embodiment of the ultrasonic wave concentration and the flow rate of the non-invasive hydraulic test of the present invention is mainly different from the first preferred embodiment in that the measuring device 2 of the second preferred embodiment is designed. At the same time, the concentration and flow rate of each point at each point are measured (without adjusting the arrangement). As shown in FIG. 8, the measurement device 2' which is not arranged for a specific point of the elevation is included, and includes two sets of ultrasonic measuring units 3, and the support frame 41 12 200916780 (not shown) of the support set 4 needs to be capable of For the two sets of ultrasonic limit, for example, a total of four support frames 41, of which _ = = 3 agricultural settings, the form is not vertical (as shown in Figure 3), installed in this pair of two?: connection and sink Unit 3 is used to measure the concentration, and the connection between the support frame and the supersonic wave is determined to be a*^. ', the connection is the same as the sink 1 and the angle is installed on this - pair of stand 4 ”: It is used to measure the flow rate. The remaining components of the measuring device 2 are identical to the == first preferred embodiment. ' / / = = above, Xiang Ben invention non-invasive water 1 inspection super sand concentration and flow rate 敎 device 2, its ultrasonic measuring unit 3 can be conveniently installed "various positions and does not interfere with the sink The flow field and the processing unit 5 can immediately read the ultrasonic signal, the ά heart 曰 and the condition number, and calculate the mud sand concentration in real time. For the test operation, it is not only easy to operate, but also can interfere with the previous sampling. The error generated by the airport' and the accurate muddy sand concentration data can be obtained immediately in the flow field test, which helps to improve the efficiency. However, the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention cannot be limited thereto. The scope of the invention, that is, the simple equivalent changes and modifications made by the invention in the scope of the invention and the description of the invention are still within the scope of the invention. [Fig. 1 is a perspective exploded view, A top view of a water tank to which the preferred embodiment of the ultrasonic mud concentration and flow rate measuring apparatus for non-invasive hydraulic testing of the present invention is applied; FIG. 2 is a side view of the water tank; FIG. 3 is a non-invasive type Ultrasonic mud sand concentration and flow rate for industrial test 13 200916780 Schematic diagram of the device, the diagram is not in accordance with the actual ratio; Figure 4 is a top view showing the configuration of the embodiment for measuring the flow rate; Figure 5 is a flow chart FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating the method of determining the ultrasonic attenuation amount-concentration relationship of the present embodiment: 6 ultrasonic attenuation amount obtained by the calibration method-concentration FIG. 7 is a Figure 6 is a diagram of the relationship; and Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 4 when measuring the concentration and flow fans simultaneously, illustrating the second preferred embodiment for the configuration. 14 200916780 [Main component symbol description] 100... ....Hydraulic model 1 ..........sink 10 .........sink wall 11 .........water inlet 12 ... ... deflector 13 ... ... overflow area 131 ... ... top opening 132 ... ... end opening 2 .......... Measuring device 3 ..... ultrasonic measuring unit 31 ... ... transmitting end 32 ... receiving end 311 ' 321 holder 312, 322 probe 313, 323 cup body 314, 324 screws 4 .......... bracket group 41 ... ... support frame 410....... positioning portion 42 .... connection frame 5 ..... processing unit 6 ..... power supply 7 .. ........Transmission line 71 .........Power transmission line 72 ......... Signal transmission control transmission line A, B, C, D elevation S! ~ S6 · · • Step 15