200907398 九、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明，係爲相關於在展現優良之防眩性能的同時霧 度亦爲低的防眩（Anti-Glare )薄膜，以及具備有該防眩 薄膜之畫像顯示裝置者。 【先前技術】 本發明，係爲相關於在展現優良之防眩性能的同時， 亦不會泛白，而在適用於畫像顯示裝置時，不會產生刺眼 的情況，而實現高對比度，並給予良好的視認性之防眩（ Anti-Glare )薄膜，與具備有該防眩薄膜之防眩性偏光板 以及畫像顯示裝置者。 液晶顯示器或是電漿顯示器面板、布朗管（陰極線管 :CRT )顯示器、有機電激發光（EL)顯示器等之畫像顯 示裝置’若是於其顯示面被映入有外光，則其視認性係顯 著地受損。爲了防止此種外光之映入，在重視畫質之電視 或是個人電腦、在外光強烈之屋外所使用的視訊攝像機或 是數位相機、利用反射光而進行顯示之行動電話等之中， 係於先前起，便在畫像顯示裝置之表面處，設置有防止外 光之映入的薄膜層。此薄膜層，係可大致區分爲利用有光 學多層膜之干涉的由被施加有無反射處理之薄膜所成者、 和藉由於表面形成細微之凹凸而使射入光擴散並使映入之 像模糊的被施加有防眩處理之薄膜所成者。其中，前者之 無反射薄膜，由於係有必要形成均勻之光學膜厚的多層膜 -5- 200907398 ，因此，成本係變高。相對於此’後者之防眩薄膜，由於 係可較爲低價的製造，因此，係被廣泛使用在大型的個人 電腦或是螢幕等的用途中。 此種防眩薄膜，於先前技術中，例如係以將分散有塡 充物之樹脂溶液塗布在基材薄片上，並藉由對塗布膜厚作 調整而使塡充物從塗布膜表面露出，來在薄片上形成隨機 凹凸的方法等而製造。然而’此種藉由將塡充物分散所製 造的防眩薄膜’由於會隨著樹脂溶液中之塡充物的分散狀 態或塗布狀態等而對凹凸之配置或是形狀造成影響，因此 ’係難以得到所預想之狀態的凹凸，在霧度低者中，係無 法得到充分的防眩效果。進而，當將此種先前技術之防眩 薄膜配置於畫像顯示裝置之表面時，經由擴散光，會有使 得顯示面全體偏白，而使顯示成爲混濁的顏色，亦即是產 生所謂泛白的情況。 又’伴隨著最近的畫像顯示裝置之高精細化，畫像顯 示裝置之像素與防眩薄膜的表面凹凸形狀係會互相干涉， 其結果，會產生亮度分佈，而變得難以視認，也就是會容 易產生所謂的剌眼現象。爲了解除刺眼現象，雖係嘗試有 在黏結樹脂與分散塡充物之間設置折射率差而使光擴散， 但是，當將此種防眩薄膜適用於畫像顯示裝置中時，由於 擴散光，在黑顯示時之亮度係提昇，其結果，對比係降低 ，而視認性係顯著的降低。 另一方面，亦嘗試有並不使其含有塡充物’而僅藉由 在透明樹脂層之表面處所形成的細微之凹凸來實現防眩性 -6- 200907398 。例如，在日本特開2002-189106號公報（專利文獻1) 中，係揭示有：在押花鑄模與透明樹脂薄膜之間’挾持電 離放射線硬化性樹脂，並在此狀態下’使該當電離放射線 硬化性樹脂硬化，藉由此，而形成3維1 〇點平均粗度以 及在3維粗度基準面上之相鄰接的凸部彼此間的平均距離 均分別滿足特定値的細微之凹凸，再將被形成有該凹凸之 電離放射線硬化性樹脂層設置在前述透明樹脂薄膜上，而 得到防眩薄膜。在此文獻中，係記載有：較理想’係使用 在鐵的表面上進行有鉻電鍍之滾筒，並藉由噴砂法或是噴 珠法來形成壓花用之凹凸型面。進而’亦記載有：在如此 這般之被形成有凹凸的型面上，爲了提昇使用時之耐久性 ，係以先施加鉻電鍍等後再作使用爲理想，藉由此，能夠 達成硬膜化以及腐蝕之防止。 在此種壓花滾筒的製作法中，由於係在硬度高之鉻電 鍍上進行噴砂或是噴珠，因此，凹凸係難以形成，且係難 以對所形成之凹凸的形狀作精密的控制。又，如同在日本 特開2004-29672號公報（專利文獻2 )中亦有所記載一般 ，鉻電鍍，多會依存於成爲基底之材質以及其形狀，而使 得表面成爲粗糙，而在藉由噴砂所形成之凹凸上，產生由 於鉻電鍍所造成的細小之碎裂，因此，在設計上，係難以 得知會作成何種的凹凸。進而，由於存在有因爲鉻電鍍所 造成之細小的碎裂，因此，最終所得到之防眩薄膜，其擴 散特性亦會有朝向並不理想的方向而變化的情形。 作爲揭示有被使用於在表面具備有凹凸之薄膜的製作 -7- 200907398 中之滾筒的製作方法之其他文獻，例如，係有日本特開 2004-29240號公報（專利文獻3 )或是日本特開 2004-90187號公報（專利文獻4)。在前者之文獻中，係揭示 有經由噴珠法來製作壓花滾筒的方法，而在後者的文獻中 ’則係揭示有：經過在押花滾筒之表面上形成金屬電鍍層 之工程、對金屬電鍍層之表面施加鏡面硏磨之工程、在進 行了鏡面硏磨後之金屬電鍍表面處，使用陶瓷珠來施加噴 砂處理之工程、並更進而因應於需要而進行珠擊（p e e n i n g )處理之工程，而製作壓花滾筒之方法。 在此種於壓花滾筒之表面施加了噴砂處理的狀態下， 起因於噴砂粒子之粒徑分布，會產生凹凸徑之分布，同時 ，對於藉由噴砂所得到之凹坑的深度作控制一事係爲困難 ’而有著難以以良好再現性來得到防眩功能優良之凹凸形 狀的課題。 又’在本申請人之申請案的日本特開2006-53371號 公報（專利文獻5 )中’係揭示有：在被硏磨後之金屬的 表面處投射微粒子而形成凹凸，並對其施加無電場鎳電鍍 而作成模具’再藉由將該模具之凹凸面轉印至透明樹脂薄 膜上’來製造出低霧度且防眩性能爲優良之防眩薄膜。 進而，作爲對防眩薄膜之透過擴散光強度作規定的文 獻’係存在有日本特開2003-248101號公報（專利文獻6 )或是日本特開2〇〇4-126495號公報（專利文獻7)。在 則者之文獻中’係揭示有：一種防眩性反射防止薄膜，係 爲於透明支持體上具備有防眩性硬塗覆層之薄膜，當從透 -8- 200907398 明支持體側射入光時，相對於所透過之光中的直進光量（ 1〇 )而擴散於傾斜了 5°的方向處之光量（15 )的比例（15 / I 〇 )，係爲3.5 %以上，且相對於所透過之光中的直進光 量（1〇)而擴散於傾斜了 20°的方向處之光量（12〇)的比 例（12〇/ 1〇 )，係爲0.1 %以下。在後者之文獻中，係揭示 有：出現擴散光強度之極大値的擴散角係爲0.1〜10°，而 全光線透過率係爲70〜100%的防眩性薄膜。就算是藉由 在此些之文獻中所揭示之防眩薄膜，特別在適用於高精細 之畫像顯示裝置中的情況時，係亦難以維持高對比度。 本發明，係以提供一種：在展現優良之防眩性能的同 時，亦防止因泛白所致之視認性的降低，而在配置於高精 細之畫像顯示裝置的表面時，不會產生刺眼的情況，而實 現高對比度之防眩薄膜，並進而提供一種適用有該防眩薄 膜之防眩性偏光板以及畫像顯示裝置爲課題。 本發明者們’係爲了解決上述課題，而努力進行硏究 ，其結果’發現了：若是於在透明支持體上被形成有具備 細微之凹凸表面的防眩層之防眩薄膜中，當光從透明支持 體側而以入射角20°射入時，使在防眩層側法線方向處之 相對擴散光強度T ( 2 0 )成爲特定之値，並當光從透明支 持體側而以入射角30°射入時，使在防眩層側法線方向處 之相對擴散光強度T ( 3 0 )成爲特定之値，則除了能夠充 分地防止刺眼之外’當適用於畫像顯示裝置中時，對比亦 成爲幾乎不會降低。進而’亦發現了 ：在此防眩薄膜中， 當光從防眩層側而以入射角3 0射入時，若是使反射角3 〇。 -9- 200907398 之反射率R(30)、反射角40°之反射率R(4〇)以及反 射角5 0 °之反射率R ( 5 0 )分別成爲特定之値，則在展示 優良之防眩性並有效的防止泛白的效果上，係更爲有效。 本發明，係根據此些之知識，並進而追加各種之檢討而完 成者。 【發明內容】 亦即是，本發明所致之防眩薄膜，係爲在透明支持體 上，被形成有具備細微之凹凸表面的防眩層，其特徵爲： 當光從透明支持體側而以入射角20°射入時，在防眩層側 法線方向處之相對擴散光強度T ( 20 )，係爲0.000 1 °/。以 上0.0 0 0 5 %以下，當光從透明支持體側而以入射角3 0 °射 入時，在防眩層側法線方向處之相對擴散光強度T ( 3 0 ) ，係爲0 · 0 0 0 0 4 %以上〇 . 〇 〇 〇 2 5 %以下。 在此防眩薄膜中，係以下述一般爲理想：當光從防眩 層側而以入射角30°射入時，反射角30°之反射率R ( 30 ) 係爲0 · 0 5 %以上2 %以下，反射角4 0 °之反射率R ( 4 0 )係 爲0 · 0 0 0 1 %以上0.0 0 5 %以下，反射角5 0 °之反射率R ( 5 0 )係爲0.0 0 0 0 1 %以上〇 . 〇 〇 〇 5 %以下。 又，係以下述一般爲理想：當對此防眩薄膜中垂直射 入光時，其表面霧度，係爲〇 . 1 %以上5 %以下，而全霧度 係爲5%以上25%以下。 此防眩薄膜，係可設爲：當使用暗部與明部之寬幅爲 0.5mm、1.0mm以及2.0mm之3種類的光梳而於光之入射 -10- 200907398 角45°所測定的反射鮮明度之和，係爲_40%以下。 進而，此防眩薄膜，係以下述一般爲理想：在構成防 眩層之凹凸表面的剖面曲線處，其算術平均高度Pa係爲 0·05μιη以上0.2μιη以下，其最大剖面高度Pt係爲〇.2μιη 以上Ιμηι以下，其平均長度PSm係爲15μιη以上30μηι以 下。 又，以如同下述一般爲理想：構成防眩層之凹凸表面 ，係在200μιηχ200μηι之區域內，具備有50個以上1〇〇個 以下之凸部，又，當將凸部頂點作爲母點，並對該表面作 莫洛諾依分割（Voronoi tessellation)時，所形成之多角 形的平均面積，係爲ΙΟΟμπι2以上1〇〇〇μπΐ2以下。 在此防眩薄膜中之防眩層，係以經由具備有凹凸面之 模具來作轉印以形成表面凹凸爲理想。而，此防眩層，係 以下述一般爲理想：相對於黏結樹脂1 0 0重量部，係包含 有平均粒徑5 μιη以上1 5 μιη以下，且其與黏結樹脂間之折 射率差係爲0.01以上0.06以下的微粒子1〇〜100重量部 ’進而’此微粒子係被完全埋沒於防眩層中而微粒子對表 面之凹凸形狀係並不會造成影響。 在此防眩薄膜中’係可於防眩層之凹凸表面處，形成 低反射膜。 本發明之防眩薄膜’係可與由聚乙烯醇系樹脂所成的 偏光兀件作組合而設爲防眩性偏光板。此防眩性偏光板’ 具體而言，係成爲將前述防眩薄膜之透明支持體側貼合於 偏光元件的構造。 -11 - 200907398 又，本發明之防眩薄膜又或是防眩性偏光板，係可與 液晶顯示元件或是電漿顯示面板等之畫像顯示元件作組合 ’而設爲畫像顯示裝置。於此’本發明所致之畫像顯示裝 置，係具備有前述之防眩薄膜又或是防眩性偏光板、與畫 像顯示手段，該防眩薄膜又或是防眩性偏光板，係爲被配 置於畫像顯示元件之視認側者。 【實施方式】 接下來，針對本發明之適合的實施形態作詳細說明。 本發明之防眩薄膜，係爲在透明支持體上，被形成有具備 細微之凹凸表面的防眩層者，其特徵爲：當光從透明支持 體側而以入射角2CT射入時，在防眩層側法線方向處所觀 測之相對擴散光強度 τ ( 20 )，係爲 0.000 1 %以上 0.0005%以下之値，當光從透明支持體側而以入射角30°射 入時，在防眩層側法線方向處所觀測之相對擴散光強度T (3 0 )，係爲0 · 0 0 0 04 %以上0.0 0 0 2 5 %以下之値。 又，爲了在展現優良之防眩性能的同時，亦有效果地 抑制泛白，係以下述一般爲理想：當光從防眩層側而以入 射角30°射入時，反射角30°之反射率R ( 30 )係爲0·05% 以上2%以下，反射角40°之反射率R ( 40 )係爲0.000 1 % 以上 0 · 0 0 5 %以下，反射角 5 0°之反射率 R ( 5 0 )係爲 0 · 0 0 0 0 1 % 以上 0 · 0 〇 〇 5 % 以下。 〔相對擴散光強度〕 -12- 200907398 首先’針對當從透明支持體側而以入射角20。來射 光的情況時、以及以入射角3 0。來射入光的情況時，在 眩層側法線方向處之相對擴散光強度T ( 2 0 )以及T ( )作說明。 圖1 ’係爲在對從透明支持體側（與凹凸面爲相反 )而射入光’並對在防眩層側法線方向處之擴散光強度 測定時’將光的射入方向與透過擴散光強度測定方向作 式性展示的立體圖。參考此圖，對於在防眩薄膜1 1之 明支持體側處從法線1 2而離開有某角度φ (稱爲入射 )所射入之光1 3，測定於防眩層側之法線方向〗2處所 過之擴散光1 4的強度，並將該透過擴散光強度除以光 之光強度，而將該値設爲相對擴散光強度Τ ( φ )。亦 是，當在防眩薄膜1 1之透明支持體側，以離開法線2 0 · 角度而射入入射光1 3時，將在防眩層側法線方向1 2處 觀測到之射出光1 4的強度除以光源之光強度後的値， 爲Τ ( 20 )，而當在防眩薄膜1 1之透明支持體側，以 開法線3 0°之角度而射入入射光1 3時，將在防眩層側法 方向1 2處所觀測到之射出光1 4的強度除以光源之光強 後的値，係爲Τ ( 3 0 )。 當在20°射入時之相對擴散光強度Τ ( 20 )超過 0.0005%的情況時，在將此防眩薄膜適用於畫像顯示裝 時，由於擴散光，會使得黑顯示時之亮度上升，而使對 降低，故並不理想。又，當在20°射入時之相對擴散光 度Τ ( 20)爲低於0.000 1 %的情況時，其擴散效果係爲 入 防 30 側 作 模 透 角 透 源 即 之 所 係 離 線 度 了 置 比 強 低 -13- 200907398 ，當適用於高精細之畫像顯示裝置時，會產生刺眼，故亦 爲不理想。同樣的，當在3 0°射入時之相對擴散光強度T (30 )超過了 〇.〇 〇〇2 5 %的情況時，在將此防眩薄膜適用 於畫像顯示裝置時，亦會由於擴散光而使得黑顯示時之亮 度上升，而使對比降低，故並不理想。又，當在3 0°射入 時之相對擴散光強度T ( 30 )爲低於0.00004%的情況時， 其擴散效果係亦爲低，當適用於高精細之畫像顯示裝置時 ，會產生刺眼，故亦爲不理想。特別是，當將防眩薄膜適 用於非爲自發光型之液晶顯示器中時，由於起因於黑顯示 時之漏光而產生的擴散所致的亮度上升效果係爲大，因此 ，若是相對擴散光強度T(20)以及T(30)超過了本發 明之規定値，則對比係顯著地降低，而成爲有損視認性之 結果。 作爲至今爲止之針對透過擴散光強度而有所言及的文 獻，例如，係有前述之專利文獻 6 (日本特開 2003-24 8101號公報）或是專利文獻7(日本特開2004-126495 號公報）等，但是，在兩者之文獻中，均係與在本發明中 所規定之擴散特性相異，當適用於畫像顯示裝置時，並不 能說是能夠充分達成高對比且抑制刺眼者。 圖2，係爲將在圖1中之從防眩薄膜1 1的透明支持體 側所射入之入射角 Φ 作改變所測定之相對擴散光強度（ 對數刻度），相對於入射角 4 而作描畫的圖表之其中一 例。亦有將此種表示入射角與相對擴散光強度間之關係的 圖表，又或是可從其中所讀取之每一入射角處的相對擴散 -14- 200907398 光強度，稱爲透過散亂分佈的情形。如同此圖 ，相對擴散光強度，係在入射角〇°處展示有峰 射入光1 3之從法線方向起的角度越爲偏移， 度越降低的傾向。另外，入射角之正（+ )與 係爲以法線方向（〇 °)爲中心’並經由在包含 方向13與法線1 2的面1 9內之射入光的傾斜 故而，透過擴散分佈，通常係以入射角〇°爲中 左右對稱。在圖2所示之透過擴散分佈的例中 時之相對擴散光強度τ ( 0 ) ’係爲約3 〇 %而 ，而當20°入射時之相對擴散光強度T ( 20 0.0002%，當30°入射時之相對擴散光強度T ( 爲約 0.0 0 0 0 4 %。 在測定防眩薄膜之相對擴散光強度時， 0.00 1 %以下之相對擴散光強度以良好精確度來 此，係以使用動態範圍爲廣之檢測器爲有效。 測器，例如，係可使用市販之光功率計等，而 功率計之檢測器前設置光孔（Aperture )，並 防眩薄膜之角度成爲20°的可變角度光度計來進 於射入光，係可使用380〜780mm之可視 定光源，係可使用將從鹵素燈等之光源所發出 直（collimate)後者，亦可使用雷射等之單色 度爲高者。又，爲了防止薄膜之彎曲，係以使 透明之黏著劑，並以使凹凸面成爲表面的方式 於玻璃基板上，再進行測定爲理想。 表所示一般 値，而若是 則擴散光強 負（一）， 有射入光之 所訂定者。 心，並呈現 ，在0°入射 展示有峰値 )，係爲約 3 0 )則係成 係有必要將 作測定。於 作爲此種檢 可以在此光 使用使望入 :行測定。 光，作爲測 之光作了準 光源而平行 用光學性爲 來將其貼合 -15- 200907398 〔3 0 °射入時之反射率〕 接下來’針對從防眩層側而以入射角30。來將光射入 時之於每一角度處的反射率作說明。圖3，係爲將求取反 射率之對於防眩薄膜的從防眩層側而來之光的射入方向與 反射方向作模式性展示的立體圖。參考此圖，相對於由防 眩薄膜1 1之防眩層側而從離法線1 2 3 0。之角度所射入的射 入光15，將反射角30°之方向、亦即是對正反射方向16 之反射光的反射率（亦即是正反射率），設爲R ( 3 0 )。 又’將在任意之反射角Θ處的反射光以符號1 7來作表示 ’在測定反射率時之反射光的方向1 6、1 7，係設爲位在包 含有射入光之方向15與法線12的面19內。而，將朝向 反射角40°的方向之反射率設爲R(40)，將朝向反射角 5 0°的方向之反射率設爲R ( 50 )。 在本發明之防眩薄膜中，相對於入射角3 0。之射入光 ，反射角3 0 °之方向的反射率、亦即是正反射率R ( 3 〇 ) ，係以設爲0.05%以上2%以下爲理想。又，反射角40。的 方向之反射率R ( 4 0 )，係以0 · 〇 〇 〇 1 %以上〇 . 〇 〇 5 %以下爲 理想；反射角5 0 °的方向之反射率設爲R ( 5 0 )，係以 0.0 0 0 0 1 %以上0 · 0 0 0 5 %以下爲理想。 若是正反射率R ( 3 0 )超過了 2 %，則無法得到充分 之防眩功能，而視認性會降低。另一方面，若是正反射率 R ( 3 0 )過小’則會出現有產生泛白的傾向，故而，係以 0.05%以上爲理想。正反射率R ( 30)，係以設爲1.5%以 -16- 200907398 下、特別是設爲0.7%以下爲更理想。又，若是 過0 · 0 0 5 %、R ( 5 0 )超過0.0 0 0 5 %，則在防眩 生泛白’而成爲使視認性降低。亦即是，例如 將防眩薄膜設置於顯示裝置之最前面的狀態下 作黑顯示，從周圍而來之光亦會被拾取，而有 全體變白之泛白狀態產生的傾向。故而，R ( (5 0 )係以不要變得過大爲理想。另一方面， 度處的反射率若是過小，則無法展現充分之防 ，R ( 40 ) —般而言係以o.oool %以上爲理想， 一般而言係以 0 _ 0 0 0 0 1 %以上爲理想。R ( 5 0 ) 0.0 0 0 1 % 以下。 圖4 ’係爲將相對於在圖3中之從防眩薄g 層側而以離法線3 0 °之角度所射入的射入光1 1 7的反射角與反射率（反射率係爲對數刻度） 表的其中一例。亦有將此種表示反射角與反射 的圖表，又或是可從其中所讀取之每一反射角 ’稱爲反射分佈的情形。如同此圖表所示一般 R(30)，係爲相對於以30°所射入之射入光] 之峰値’並有著若是從正反射方向起而角度越 反射率越降低的傾向。在圖4所示之反射分佈 反射率R ( 3 0 )係爲約〇 · 2 %，R ( 4 0 )係爲約 (5 0 )係爲約 〇 . 〇 〇 〇 〇 5 %。 若依據本發明者們所作之調查，則現在於 現之防眩薄膜的大部分，均係爲分散有塡充物 :R ( 40 )超 薄膜處會產 ’就算是在 ，使顯示面 使顯示面之 4 〇 )以及R 在此些之角 眩性，因此 而 R ( 50) 更理想係爲 莫U之防眩 5之反射光 作描畫之圖 率間之關係 處的反射率 ，正反射率 .5的反射率 爲偏移，則 的例中，正 0.000 4% ' R 市場上所出 的類型，在 -17- 200907398 該種防眩薄膜中，於20°射入時，相對擴散光強度T ( 20 )係爲0.000 1 %以上0.0005%以下，當30°射入時，相對擴 散光強度T( 30)，係爲0.00004°/。以上0.00025%以下者 ，係並不存在。又，除了此種透過擴散特性之外，正反射 率R ( 30 )係爲0.05 %以上2 %以下，反射角40°之反射率 R ( 40 )係爲0.000 1 %以上0.005 %以下，反射角 5 0 °之反 射率R ( 5 0 )係爲0.0 0 0 0 1 %以上0. 〇 〇 〇 5 %以下者，亦並不 存在。其結果，不會產生刺眼、且展現有高對比，並在展 現充分之防眩性能的同時亦不會產生泛白的防眩薄膜，係 並不存在。相對於此，可以得知，藉由本發明所規定之防 眩薄膜，係在展現有充分之防眩性能的同時，亦對泛白有 所抑制，而爲具有優良性能者。 在測定防眩薄膜之反射率時，係與相對擴散光強度同 樣的，有必要將0.0 0 1 %以下之反射率以良好精確度來作 測定。於此，係以使用動態範圍爲廣之檢測器爲有效。作 爲此種檢測器，例如，係可使用市販之光功率計等，而可 以在此光功率計之檢測器前設置光孔（Aperture )，並使 用使望入防眩薄膜之角度成爲20°的可變角度光度計來進 行測定。於射入光，係可使用3 8 0〜7 8 0mm之可視光，作 爲測定用光源，係可使用將從鹵素燈等之光源所發出之光 作了準直（collimate )後者，亦可使用雷射等之單色光源 而平行度爲高者。在背面係爲平滑且爲透明之防眩薄膜的 情況時，由於從防眩薄膜之背面而來的反射，係會對測定 値造成影響，因此，例如，係以藉由在黑色之丙烯樹脂板 -18- 200907398 上’以黏著劑又或是水或者是甘油等的液體來 密著’而成爲能夠僅對防眩薄膜之最表面的反 爲理想。 〔霧度〕 又’本發明之防眩薄膜，爲了防止泛白並 精細之畫像顯示裝置時的刺眼有效果地作抑制 一般爲理想：對於垂直射入光之表面霧度，存 上5%以下，全霧度係爲5%以上25%以下。防 霧度’係可準據於在JIS K 7136中所示之方法 表面霧度與內部霧度之區分，係只要在測定了 後’於該凹凸表面處將霧度近似於0之透明薄 來作貼附，以測定內部霧度，再藉由下式來求 度即可。 表面霧度=全體霧度-內部霧度 在防眩薄膜之凹凸表面處貼附霧度近似於 膜，並在此狀態下所測定之霧度値，由於起因 凸的表面霧度係幾乎全部被抵銷，因此，事實 視爲代表內部霧度。作爲霧度近似於0之透明 是霧度爲小者，則並不作特別限制，例如，係 酸纖維薄膜等。 當表面霧度超過5%的情況時，發生泛白 使其光學性 射率作測定 對適用於高 ，係以下述 \爲 〇 . 1 %以 眩薄膜之全 而作測定。 全體之霧度 膜藉由甘油 取出表面霧 0之透明薄 於原本之凹 上係可將其 薄膜，只要 可使用三醋 的傾向係爲 -19- 200907398 強’當低於0 . 1 %的情況時，則並無法展現充分之防眩性 ’故並不理想。又，若是全霧度係爲5%以上，則由於係 能夠有效地解除刺眼現象，故爲理想。然而，若是全霧度 超過2 5 % ’則當適用於畫像顯示裝置時，其結果會造成畫 面變暗’並損及視認性，故並不理想。 〔反射鮮明度〕 又’本發明之防眩薄膜，係以設爲下述一般爲理想： 使用暗部與明部之寬幅爲0.5mm、1.0mm以及2,0mm之3 種類的光梳而於光之入射角45 °所測定的反射鮮明度之和 ，係爲_40%以下。反射鮮明度，係藉由在JIS K 7105中 所規定之方法而測定。在此規格中，作爲於像鮮明度之測 定中所使用的光梳，係被規定有：暗部與明部之寬幅比爲 1: 1，而其寬幅爲 0.125mm、0.5mm、l.Ornm 以及 2.0mm 的4種。其中，當使用有寬幅爲Ο · 1 2 5 mm之光梳的情況時 ，在藉由本發明所規定的防眩薄膜中，由於其測定値之誤 差係會變大，因此，假設爲並不將使用有寬幅0.125mm之 光梳的情況時之測定値加到和之中，而將使用寬幅爲 0 · 5 m m、1 . 0 m m以及2 · 0 m m之3種類的光梳所測定的像鮮 明度之和，稱爲反射鮮明度。此定義所致之反射鮮明度的 最大値，係爲3 00%。此定義所致之反射鮮明度，若是超 過4 0 %，則光源等之像係成爲鮮明地被映入，而使防眩性 變差，故並不理想。 但是，若是反射鮮明度成爲40%以下，則僅由反射鮮 -20- 200907398 明度來對防眩性之優劣作比較一事係成爲困難。此係因爲 ，當上述定義所致之反射鮮明度爲40%以下的情況時’使 用有寬幅爲〇.5mm、1.0mm以及2.0mm之3種類的光梳而 測定的各別之反射鮮明度，係僅僅成爲1 0%左右，而會使 測定誤差等所致之反射鮮明度的震盪成爲無法忽略之故。 於此，在本發明中，針對反射鮮明度爲40%以下之防 眩薄膜，係藉由對相對擴散光強度作規定，更理想，係亦 更加藉由將其與30°入射時之反射率作組合，來作爲可適 當地對防眩薄膜之防眩性能作評價的指標。 〔表面形狀〕 接下來，針對防眩薄膜之防眩層凹凸面處的表面形狀 作說明。本發明之防眩薄膜，係爲了更有效地抑制刺眼現 象，並使藉由目視來對外觀作觀察時之質感成爲均一，而 作爲凹凸表面形狀因子，以滿足有下述之一又或是複數的 條件爲理想。 (1 )在構成防眩層之凹凸表面的剖面曲線處，其算 術平均高度Pa係爲〇.〇5μιη以上0·2μιη以下，其最大剖面 高度Pt係爲〇·2μηι以上Ιμιη以下，其平均長度PSm係爲 15μηι以上30μιη以下。 (2)構成防眩層之凹凸表面，在20 0μιηχ200μπι之區 域內，係具備有50個以上1〇〇個以下之凸部。 (3 )當將構成防眩層之凹凸表面的凸部頂點作爲母 點’並封該表面作吴洛諾依分割（Voronoi tessellation) -21 - 200907398 時’所形成之多角形的平均面積，係爲1〇〇μηι2以上 ΙΟΟΟμιη2 以下。 首先，針對構成防眩層之凹凸表面的剖面曲線處的算 術平均高度Pa、最大剖面高度Pt以及平均長度Psm作說 明。此些之値，係爲在 JIS B 0601 ( = ISO 4287)中所 規定者，算數平均高度Pa，係與被稱爲中心線平均粗度之 値爲相同。 當凹凸表面之剖面曲線處的算數平均高度Pa爲未滿 〇·〇5μηι的情況時，防眩薄膜之表面係幾乎成爲平坦，而 無法展現充分之防眩性能，故並不理想。又，當算數平均 高度Pa爲較0.2 μηι更大的情況時，表面形狀係變粗，而 產生泛白，又，當以目視來對外觀作觀察時的質感係變粗 ，因此，係亦並不理想。當凹凸表面之剖面曲線處的最大 剖面高度Pt爲未滿0.2 μιη的情況時，防眩薄膜之表面係 幾乎成爲平坦，而無法展現充分之防眩性能，故並不理想 〇 又，當最大剖面高度Pt爲較1 μτη更大的情況時，表 面形狀係變粗，而產生泛白或是質感降低等的問題，因此 ，係亦並不理想。當凹凸表面之剖面曲線處的平均長度 PSm爲未滿1 5μιη的情況時，由於係無法得到充分之防眩 性，故並不理想。此係因爲，若是平均長度PSm過小，則 由於凹凸之峰値（該處之表面傾斜角度係可考慮爲幾乎0° )係變的接近，因此，當以目視來作觀察時，係會結像之 故。又，當平均長度PSm爲較20μπι更大的情況時，當以 -22- 200907398 目視來對外觀作觀察時的質感係變粗，因此’係亦並不理 想。 凹凸表面之剖面曲線處的算術平均高度Pa、最大剖面 高度Pt以及平均長度PSm，係準據於JIS B 0601，而可使 用市販之一般的接觸式表面粗度計來作測定。又’亦可藉 由共軛焦點顯微鏡、干涉顯微鏡、原子力顯微鏡（Atomic Force Microscope: AFM)等之裝置來對表面形狀作測定 ，並藉由從該表面形狀之3維資訊來作計算而求取之。另 外，當從3維資訊來作計算的情況時，爲了確保充分之基 準長度，係以對200μιηχ200μιη以上之區域作3點以上之 測定，並以該平均値作爲測定値爲理想。 接下來，針對於凹凸表面所觀測到之凸部的數量作說 明。若是在凹凸表面處之凸部的數量爲少，則當將其與高 精細之畫像顯示裝置作組合並使用的情況時，由於其與像 素之干涉，會產生刺眼，而使畫像變得難以辨識，且質感 係變差，故並不理想。又，若是凸部之數量變得過多，則 其結果，會造成表面凹凸形狀之傾斜角度變爲陡峻，而容 易產生泛白。於此，在凹凸表面處，係以在200μιη><2()0μηι 之區域內，具備有5 0個以上1 00個以下之凸部爲理想。 在求取出防眩薄膜之凹凸面處的凸部之數量時，係可 藉由共軛焦點顯微鏡、干涉顯微鏡、原子力顯微鏡等之裝 置來對表面形狀作測定，並求取出防眩薄膜表面之各點的 3維座標値，並藉由以下所示之機制來判定凸部，而對其 個數作計數。亦即是，當注目於防眩薄膜表面之任意的點 -23- 200907398 時’當在該點之周圍，係並不存在有標高爲較所注目之點 更高的點’且該點之在凹凸面處的標高，係爲較凹凸面之 最高點的標高與最低點的標高之中間爲更高時，將該點設 爲凸部之頂點，並對如此這般所求取出之凸部的頂點之數 量作計數，而作爲凸部之數量。 更具體而言，係如圖5所示一般，在注目於防眩薄膜 表面之任意的點2 1，並以該點21爲中心而描繪出與防眩 薄膜基準面23平行的半徑2 μιη〜5 μηι之圓時，當被包含 於該圓之投影面24內的防眩薄膜表面22上之點中，並不 存在有標高爲較所注目之點2 1更高的點，且該點之在凹 凸面處的標高，係爲較凹凸面之最高點的標高與最低點的 標高之中間爲更高的情況時，判定該點2 1係爲凸部之頂 點，並求取出凸部之數量。此時，上述圓24之半徑，爲 了不對樣本表面之細微的凹凸作計數，又，爲了使其成爲 不包含有複數之凸部的程度之大小，係以3 μιη左右爲理想 。在測定時，爲了減少誤差，係以對20 0μπιχ200μιη區域 作3點以上之測定，並以該平均値作爲測定値爲理想。 當使用共軛焦點顯微鏡的情況時，係以將對物透鏡之 倍率設爲5 0倍左右，而降低解析度來作測定爲理想。此 係因爲，若是以高解析度來作測定，則樣本表面之細微的 凹凸亦會被測定，並對凸部之計數造成阻礙之故。另外’ 亦存在有以下之原因：若是將對物透鏡設爲低倍率，則由 於高度方向之解析度係亦會降低’因五’當凹凸較少之樣 本的情況時，表面形狀之測定會變得困難。在此種情況中 -24- 200907398 ，係只要在藉由高倍率之對物透鏡來進行測定之後，對所 得到之資料進行低通濾波，來將空間頻率爲高的成分捨去 ，藉由此而使在凹凸表面所被觀察到之細小的差異成爲難 以辨識，之後再對凸部之個數作計數即可。 接下來，針對當將凹凸表面的凸部頂點作爲母點，並 對該表面作莫洛諾依分割（Voronoi tessellation)時，所 形成之多角形的平均面積作說明。首先，若是針對莫洛諾 依分割作說明，則當在平面上被配置有數個的點（稱爲母 點）時，當經由判斷該平面內之任意的點係與何一母點最 爲接近一事來將該平面作分割時，所得到的圖，係稱爲莫 洛諾依圖，而該分割，係稱爲莫洛諾依分割。於圖6中， 係展示將防眩薄膜之表面處的凸部之頂點作爲母點，而將 該表面作莫洛諾依分割後的例子，四角之點2 6、2 6係爲 母點，而包含有1個的母點之各個的多角形2 7、2 7，係爲 藉由莫洛諾依分割所形成之區域，並被稱爲莫洛諾依區域 或是莫洛諾依多角形，但是，於以下，係稱爲莫洛諾依多 角形。於此圖中，關於周圍之被以淺色塗滿的部分28、28 ，係於後再做說明。在莫洛諾依圖中，母點之數與莫洛諾 依區域之數係爲一致。 如此這般，當以凸部之頂點作爲母點而作了莫洛諾依 分割後所形成之莫洛諾依多角形的平均面積，係以 ΙΟΟμιη2以上1〇〇〇μιη2以下爲理想。當此時之平均面積爲 低於1 00 μιη2的情況時，防眩薄膜表面之傾斜角度係成爲 陡峻，其結果，泛白係變得容易產生，而並不理想。又， •25- 200907398 當莫洛諾依多角形之平均面積爲較ΙΟΟΟμιη2 ’凹凸之表面形狀係變粗，而成爲容易產生 亦會惡化，因此，係並不理想。 在求取出藉由將防眩薄膜表面之凸部頂 進行之莫洛諾依分割而得到的莫洛諾依多角 時，係可藉由共軛焦點顯微鏡、干涉顯微鏡 鏡（AFM )等之裝置來對表面形狀作測定， 薄膜表面之各點的3維座標値，再藉由以下 進行莫洛諾依分割，而求取出莫洛諾依多角 。亦即是，根據先前之參考圖5所說明了的 求取出防眩薄膜表面上之凸部的頂點，接下 之頂點投影於防眩薄膜之基準面。而後，將 之測定所得到的所有之3維座標，全部投影 ，並經由使該些之被投影的所有點隸屬於與 母點，來進行莫洛諾依分割，再藉由求取出 到之多角形的面積，而求取出莫洛諾依多角 。於測定時，爲了減少誤差，對於鄰接於測 的莫洛諾依多角形，作爲先前之凸部的數量 數，但是，當求取平均面積時，係並不算入 少測定誤差，係以對200μιηχ200μιη以上之' 上之測定，並以該平均値作爲測定値爲理想 如同在先前而作了 一部份的說明一般， 示將防眩薄膜之凸部頂點作爲母點而進行了 時之例的莫洛諾依圖。多數存在之母點2 6、 更大的情況時 刺眼，且質感 點作爲母點所 形之平均面積 、原子力顯微 並求取出防眩 所示之機制來 形之平均面積 機制，而首先 來，將該凸部 藉由表面形狀 於該基準面上 其最爲接近之 經由分割所得 形之平均面積 定視野之邊界 ，雖係有被計 。又，爲了減 £域作3點以 〇 圖6，係爲展 莫洛諾依分割 2 6，係爲防眩 -26- 200907398 薄膜之凸部頂點’藉由旲洛諾依分割，對於1個的母點2 6 ’係被分配有1個的莫洛諾依多角形2 7。於此圖中，鄰接 於視野之邊界，而被以淡色塗滿之莫洛諾依多角形28、28 ，係如前述一般，在平均面積的算出中係並不被計入。另 外，在此圖中’對於一部份之母點以及莫洛諾依多角形， 係附加有拉出線與符號’但是，關於母點與莫洛諾依多角 形係存在有多數一事，尤以上之說明以及此圖，應可容易 地理解。 〔透明支持體與防眩層〕 本發明之防眩薄膜，係爲被形成有在透明支持體上具 備細微之凹凸表面的防眩層者。透明支持體，係爲將具備 有凹凸表面之防眩層作支持者，而可藉由實質上爲光學性 透明之透明樹脂薄膜來構成。作爲透明支持體之例，係可 列舉出：由三醋酸纖維素、聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚甲基 丙烯酸甲醋、聚碳酸醋、將降莰嫌（Norbornene)系化合 物作爲單體之非晶性環狀聚烯烴等的熱可塑性樹脂所成的 溶劑鑄型薄膜（cast film )或是押出薄膜等。 防眩層，係作爲被賦予有滿足如上述所說明一般之透 過擴散特性的表面凹凸之層，而被形成於透明支持體上。 此種防眩薄膜，雖然亦可藉由於先前技術中所多所使用之 將分散有塡充物之樹脂溶液塗布在透明支持體上，並藉由 對塗布膜厚作調整而使塡充物從塗布膜表面露出，來在透 明支持體上形成隨機凹凸的方法而製造，但是，較理想， -27 - 200907398 係爲經由從具備有凹凸面之模具所進行的轉印來形成防眩 層之表面凹凸。而，此防眩層’係以下述一般爲理想：相 對於黏結樹脂1 00重量部，係包含有平均粒徑5 μιη以上 15μιη以下，且其與黏結樹脂間之折射率差係爲〇·〇ι以上 0-06以下的微粒子10〜100重量部，進而，此微粒子係被 完全埋沒於防眩層中，而微粒子對表面之凹凸形狀係並不 會造成影響。如此這般，藉由對表面細微凹凸形狀與防眩 薄膜之內部擴散作獨立的控制，能夠對主要決定反射特性 之防眩薄膜的表面凹凸形狀和主要決定透過特性之防眩層 的組成分開來作控制。其結果，成爲能夠容易地達成上述 之光學特性。針對此種防眩層之形成，於後詳細作說明。 本發明之防眩薄膜，就算是在其最表面（亦即是凹凸 面側）處並不具備有低反射膜的情況下，亦能夠發揮充分 的防眩功能，但是’亦可在於最表面處附加有低反射膜的 狀態下來使用。低反射膜，係可藉由在防眩層之上設置折 射率爲較其更低之低折射率材料的層，而形成之。作爲此 種低折射率材料，具體而言，係可列舉有：在丙烯系樹脂 或是環氧系樹脂等之內使其含有氟化鋰（LiF)、氟化鎂 (MgF2 )、氟化鋁（A1F3 )、冰晶石（3NaF · A1F3又或 是N^AIF6)等之無機材料微粒子所成的無機系低反射材 料；和氟系又或是矽系之有機化合物、熱可塑性樹脂、熱 硬化性樹脂、紫外線硬化型樹脂等的有機低反射材料。 〔用以製造防眩薄膜之模具的製造方法〕 -28- 200907398 接下來’針對適合於製造本發明之防眩薄膜的方法、. 以及用以得到該防眩薄膜之於表面被形成有凹凸的模具之 製造方法作說明。本發明之防眩薄膜，係可藉由使用被形 成有特定形狀之凹凸的模具，而將該模具之凹凸面轉印至 透明樹脂薄膜上，再將被轉印有凹凸面之透明樹脂薄膜從 模具而剝除的方法，來方便的製造。更具體而言，係藉由 以下之方法來製造：在金屬之表面處，施加銅電鍍又或是 鎳電鍍，並對該電鍍表面作硏磨，而後，使微粒子撞擊於 該硏磨面’而形成凹凸，並施加使該凹凸形狀鈍化之加工 ，而後，於該凹凸面施加鉻電鍍，而作成模具，並將該模 具之凹凸面轉印於被塗布在透明支持體上之樹脂處，接下 來，將被轉印有該凹凸之樹脂，與透明支持體而一同從模 具上剝離。在此方法中，爲了得到具備有凹凸之模具，係 在金屬之表面處施加銅電鍍又或是鎳電鍍，並對該電鍍表 面作硏磨’而後，使微粒子撞擊於該硏磨面，而形成凹凸 ，並施加使該凹凸形狀鈍化之加工，而後，於該凹凸面施 加鉻電鍍，而作成模具。 首先，在使微粒子撞擊而形成凹凸並進而形成有鉻電 鍍層之金屬基材的表面處，係被施加有銅電鍍又或是鎳電 鍍。如此這般，藉由在構成模具之金屬的表面處施加銅電 鍍又或是鎳電鍍，能夠使在後面工程中之鉻電鍍的密著性 或是光澤性提昇。當在鐵等之表面處施加了鉻電鍍的情況 、或者是在絡電鑛之表面處藉由噴砂法或是噴珠法來形成 凹凸並再度施加鉻電鍍的情況時，係如同前面之先前技術 -29- 200907398 中所述一般，其表面係容易變得粗糙，並產生細微的碎裂 ，而有造成對防眩薄膜之形狀而言並不理想的影響之情況 。相對於此，係發現了 ：藉由在表面處施加銅電鍍又或是 鎳電鍍，能夠消除此種問題。此係因爲，銅電鍍或是鎳電 鍍，其被覆性係高，且平滑化作用亦強，因此，係將金屬 基材之微小的凹凸或是凹坑等塡埋，而形成平坦且富有光 澤的表面之故。經由此些之銅電鍍以及鎳電鑛的特性，被 推測爲起因於存在於金屬基材之微小的凹凸或是凹坑所造 成的表面之粗糙係被消除，又，由於銅電鍍或鎳電鍍之被 覆性係爲高，因此，可以想見細小之碎裂的產生係被降低 〇 於此，所謂的銅又或是鎳，係可設爲其各別之純金屬 ，亦可爲以銅爲主體之合金又或是以鎳爲主體之合金。故 而，在本說明書中所指之銅，其意義係包含有銅以及銅合 金，又，鎳之意義係包含有鎳以及鎳合金。銅電鍍以及鎳 電鍍，係可分別以電解電鍍或是無電解電鍍來進行，但是 ，通常係採用電解電鍍。 作爲適合用以構成模具之金屬，從成本的觀點而言， 係可列舉有鋁或是鐵等。進而，從處理的方便性而言，係 以輕量之鋁爲更理想。於此所謂之鋁或是鐵，係可爲各別 之純金屬，亦可爲以鋁又或是鐵爲主體之合金。在此種金 屬基材之表面處施加銅電鍍又或是鎳電鍍，並進而對該電 鍍表面作硏磨，而得到更爲平滑且具有光澤之表面，而後 ，使微粒子撞擊於該表面，而形成細微之凹凸，並施加使 -30- 200907398 該凹凸形狀鈍化之加工’而後，進而於該處施加鉻電鍍， 而構成模具。 在施加銅電鍍又或是鎳電鍍時，若是電鍍層過薄，基 底金屬所造成之影響係無法完全被排除，因此，其厚度係 以ΙΟμπι以上爲理想。電鍍層厚度之上限，雖並不存在有 臨限値’但是，由於其係亦與成本有所關連，因此，一般 而言，只要有500μιη左右即已足夠。 模具之形狀，係可爲平坦之金屬板，亦可爲圓柱狀又 或是圓筒狀之金屬滾筒。若是使用金屬滾筒而製作模具， 則係可將防眩薄膜以連續之滾筒狀來製造。 圖7，係以使用有平板之情況爲例，而將直到得到模 具爲止的工程作模式展示之剖面圖。圖7之（A )，係展 示被施加有銅電鍍又或是鎳電鍍、以及施加了鏡面硏磨後 之基材的剖面者，在金屬基材31之表面處，係被形成有 電鍍層32，該表面係成爲硏磨面33。藉由在此種鏡面硏 磨後之電鍍層32的表面處撞擊微粒子，而形成凹凸。圖7 之（B )，係爲使微粒子撞擊後之基材31的剖面模式圖， 藉由使微粒子撞擊，而被形成有部分球面狀之細微的凹面 34 ° 圖7之（C)，係爲在藉由微粒子而被形成了凹凸的 面上，施加了使凹凸形狀鈍化之加工後的基材3 1之剖面 模式圖，（C 1 )係爲展示藉由蝕刻處理而使其鈍化後的狀 態，（C2 )係爲展示藉由銅電鍍而使其鈍化後的狀態。另 外，在（C 1 )中，係將相當於藉由鈾刻而使其鈍化之前的 -31 - 200907398 (B )之狀態的部分球面狀凹面之狀態，以虛線來展示。 在（C1)之採用蝕刻處理的例子中，於（B)中所示之凹 面3 4與銳角狀之突起，係藉由蝕刻而被削平，並被形成 有使部分球面上之銳角狀的突起鈍化後之形狀3 6a。另一 方面，在（C2)之採用銅電鍍的例子中，於（B)中所示 之凹面34上，係被形成有銅電鎪層35，藉由此，而被形 成有使部分球面上之銳角狀的突起鈍化後之形狀3 6b。 而後，經由施加鉻電鍍，來使表面之凹凸形狀更進而 鈍化。圖7之（D )，係爲施加了鉻電鍍後之剖面模式圖 ，（D 1 )係爲在經由於（C 1 )中所示之蝕刻而使其鈍化後 的凹凸面36a上施加鉻電鍍後者，而（D2 )係爲在（C2 ) 中所示之銅電鍍層3 5上施加了鉻電鍍後者。 在採用從（C 1 )至（D 1 )之蝕刻處理的例中，係在（ C 1 )所示之藉由蝕刻而被鈍化後的狀態下之面36a上，被 形成有鉻電鍍層37，該表面38，係爲相較於（C1)之凹 凸面36a而藉由絡電鍍來使其更加鈍化的狀態，換言之， 係成爲使凹凸形狀緩和後之狀態。又，在採用從（C2 )至 (D2)之銅電鍍的例中，係在基材31上之被形成於銅又 或是鎳電鍍層32處的細微之凹面上，被形成有銅電鍍層 35，並進而於其上被形成有鉻電鍍層37，該表面38，係 爲相較於（C2 )之凹凸面36b而更加鈍化的狀態，換言之 ，係成爲使凹凸形狀緩和後之狀態。如此這般，在使微粒 子撞擊於銅又或是鎳電鍍層32之表面處而形成凹凸後， 施加使該凹凸形狀鈍化之加工，並在該表面36 (36a又或 -32- 200907398 是3 6b )，上，施加鉻電鍍，藉由此，而能夠得到實質 上不具備有平坦部之模具。又，此種模具，在用以得到展 現有理想之光學特性的防眩薄膜上，係爲合適。 在基材上之由銅又或是鎳所成的電鍍層處，係在表面 被硏磨後的狀態下，使微粒子撞擊，但是，特別是以將其 硏磨至接近鏡面的狀態爲理想。此係因爲，成爲基材之金 屬板或是金屬滾筒，係爲了成爲所期望之精確度，而多被 施加有切削或硏削等之機械加工，而由於此加工，在基材 表面會殘留有加工痕跡之故。 就算是在施加了銅電鍍又或是鎳電鍍的狀態下，亦會 有該些之加工痕跡殘留的狀況，又，在電鍍後之狀態下， 表面亦並不一定會完全成爲平滑。在殘留有深的加工痕跡 之狀態下，就算是使微粒子撞擊而使基材表面變形，亦會 有相較於藉由微粒子所形成之凹凸而加工痕跡等的凹凸成 爲更深的情況，而有加工痕跡等之影響殘留的可能性。 在使用此種模具而製造防眩薄膜的情況時，會有對光 學特性造成無法預期的影響之事態。 在對被施加有電渡之基材表面作硏磨的方法中，係並 沒有特別的限制，而可使用機械硏磨法、電解硏磨法、化 學硏磨法之任一者。作爲機械硏磨法，係可例示有：超精 硏磨（super finish)法、流體硏磨法、擦光輪硏磨法等。 硏磨後之表面粗度，以中心線平均粗度來作表現，係以 0·5μιη以下爲理想，又以Ο.ίμιη以下爲更理想。若是Ra 變得過大，則就算是撞擊微粒子而使金屬之表面變形，亦 -33- 200907398 會有殘留有變形前之表面粗度的影響之可能性，故並不理 想。又，關於Ra之下限，係並不特別限制，因爲從加工 時間與加工性的觀點來看，自然會有其限度，因此並沒有 特別作指定的必要性。 作爲對基材之被施加有電鍍的表面來撞擊微粒子之方 法，係適合使用噴射加工法。在噴射加工法中，係存在有 噴砂法、噴珠法、液體噴砂法等。作爲在此些之加工中所 使用之粒子，相較於具有銳角一般之形狀，係以接近於球 型之形狀爲理想，又，係以在加工中不會產生破碎並出現 銳角的較硬材質之粒子爲理想。作爲滿足此些條件的粒子 ，在陶瓷系之粒子中，係適合使用球形之锆珠、或是氧化 鋁之珠。又，在金屬系之粒子中，係以鋼或是不鏽鋼製之 珠爲理想。進而，亦可使用在樹脂黏合劑中担持有陶瓷或 金屬粒子之粒子。 作爲對基材之被施加有電鍍的表面作撞擊之粒子，係 以使用平均粒徑1 〇〜1 5 0 μιη者爲理想，又特別以使用球形 之微粒子爲更理想，藉由此，能夠製作展現有優良之防眩 特性的防眩薄膜。若是微粒子之平均粒徑爲較1 〇μηι更小 ，則係成爲難以在被施加有電鍍之表面上形成充分的凹凸 ，而成爲難以得到充分之防眩功能。另一方面，若是微粒 子之平均粒徑成爲較15〇μηι更大，則表面凹凸係變粗，而 容易產生刺眼並使質感降低。於此’在使用平均粒徑爲 1 5 μιη以下之微粒子來進行加工時，係以採用以不使粒子 由於靜電等而產生凝集的方式，來適當地將其分散於分散 -34- 200907398 媒體中並進行加工的濕式噴砂法爲理想。 又，關於使微粒子撞擊時之壓力、微粒子之 從噴射微粒子之噴嘴起至表面爲止的距離等，亦 後之凹凸形狀乃至防眩薄膜之表面形狀造成影響 一般而言，係只要因應於所使用之微粒子的種類 金屬之種類、噴射微粒子之噴嘴的形狀、所期望 狀等，而在以下之範圍中適宜作選擇即可：〇.〇5 左右之表壓（gage pressure)，對於所處理之金 積每lcm2 : 4〜12g左右之微粒子量，從噴射微 嘴起直到金屬表面爲止的距離：200〜600mm左右 經由在基材之被施加有電鍍的表面處使微粒 而形成的凹凸形狀，係以下述一般爲理想：在剖 其算術平均高度Pa係爲Ο.ΐμπι以上Ιμπι以下， 面曲線處之算數平均高度Pa與平均長度PSm : PSm係爲0.02以上0.1以下。當算數平均高度 0.1 μιη更小、又或是比Pa/PSm爲較0.02更小 ，當在鉻電鍍加工前而施加使凹凸形狀鈍化的工 凸表面係幾乎成爲平坦面，而難以得到所期望之 的模具。又，當算數平均高度Pa爲較Ιμπι更大 比Pa/ PSm爲較0.1更大的情況時，當在鉻電鍍 施加使凹凸形狀鈍化的工程時，係需要以較強的 行，而容易使表面形狀之控制成爲困難。 在如此這般而於銅電鍍又或是鎳電鍍表面形 之基材上，施加使凹凸形狀鈍化之加工。作爲使 使用量、 會對加工 ，但是， 或粒徑、 之凹凸形 〜0 · 4 MPa 屬的表面 粒子之噴 〇 子作撞擊 面曲線處 而在該剖 :比 Pa/ Pa爲較 的情況時 程時，凹 表面形狀 、又或是 加工前而 條件來進 成了凹凸 凹凸形狀 -35- 200907398 鈍化之加工，係如同先前參考圖7之（c )以及（d )所說 明一般，以蝕刻處理又或是銅電鍍爲理想。經由進行蝕刻 處理，經由微粒子之撞擊所製作的凹凸形狀之銳利部分係 消失。藉由此，在將其作爲模具而使用時之，所製作之防 眩薄膜的光學特性，係會朝向較理想之方向而變化。又。 銅電鍍由於其平滑化作用係爲強，因此，相較於鉻電鍍， 使凹凸形狀鈍化之效果係爲強。藉由此，在將其作爲模具 而使用時之，所製作之防眩薄膜的光學特性，係會朝向較 理想之方向而變化。 蝕刻處理，通常係使用三氯化鐵（FeCl3 )水溶液、 二氯化銅（CuCl2 )水溶液、鹼性蝕刻液（Cu ( NH3 ) 4C12 )等，並經由使表面腐鈾而進行，但是，亦可使用鹽酸或 硫酸等之強酸，而亦可使用藉由施加與電解電鍍時相異之 電位所致的逆電解蝕刻。在施加蝕刻處理後之凹凸的鈍化 程度，係依基底金屬之種類、藉由噴砂等的手法所得之凹 凸尺寸與深度等而相異，因此，無法一槪而論，但是，在 可對鈍化程度作控制之因子中的最大因子，係爲蝕刻量。 於此’所謂的蝕刻量，係指藉由蝕刻所削去之電鑛層的厚 度。若是蝕刻量爲小，則使藉由噴砂等之手法所得到的凹 凸表面鈍化之效果係爲不充分，而將該凹凸形狀轉印至透 明薄膜所得之防眩薄膜的光學特性係並不佳。另一方面， 若是触刻量過大’則凹凸形狀係幾乎消失，而成爲幾乎平 坦的模具’因此會成爲無法展現防眩性。於此，蝕刻量係 以Ιμιη以上20μπι以下爲理想，又進而以2μπι以上ΙΟμιη -36- 200907398 以下爲更理想。 當作爲鈍化加工而採用銅電鍍的情況時，凹凸的鈍化 程度，係依基底金屬之種類、藉由噴砂等的手法所得之凹 凸尺寸與深度、還有電鍍之種類等而相異，因此，無法一 槪而論，但是，在可對鈍化程度作控制之因子中的最大因 子’係爲笔鑛厚度。右是電鑛層之厚度爲薄，則使藉由噴 砂等之手法所得到的凹凸表面鈍化之效果係爲不充分，而 將該凹凸形狀轉印至透明薄膜所得之防眩薄膜的光學特性 係並不佳。另一方面，若是電鍍厚度過厚，則除了生產性 不佳之外’凹凸形狀亦係幾乎消失，因此，會成爲無法展 現防眩性。於此’銅電鍍之厚度係以1 Mm以上20μηι以下 爲理想’又進而以4μιη以上1 Ομηι以下爲更理想。 如此這般’藉由在將於銅電鍍又或是鎳電鍍表面處被 形成有凹凸之基材的表面形狀作了鈍化之後，進而施加鉻 電鍍’使凹凸之表面更進一步鈍化，同時製作表面硬度高 之金屬板。此時之凹凸的鈍化程度，亦係依基底金屬之種 類、藉由噴砂等的手法所得之凹凸尺寸與深度、還有電鍍 之種類或厚度等而相異，因此，無法一槪而論，但是，在 可對鈍化程度作控制之因子中的最大因子，仍係爲電鍍厚 度。 若是鉻電鍍層之厚度爲薄，則使在鉻電鍍加工前所得 到的凹凸表面鈍化之效果係爲不充分，而將該凹凸形狀轉 印至透明薄膜所得之防眩薄膜的光學特性係並不佳。另一 方面，若是電鍍厚度過厚，則除了生產性不佳之外，亦會 -37- 200907398 產生被稱爲結節（nodule )之突起狀的電鍍缺陷。於此， 鉻電鍍之厚度係以1 μιη以上1 0 μιη以下爲理想，又進而以 2μιη以上6μηι以下爲更理想 鉻電鍍，係具有光澤， 而可賦予良好之離模性者。 限制，但是，係以使用所謂 用鉻電鍍等的可體現良好之 通常係藉由電解而進行，作 水鉻酸（Cr03 )與少量之硫 與電解時間作調節，能夠控 被施加有鉻電鍍之模具 上爲理想，又以1 0 0 0以上 ，則除了模具使用時之耐久 度降低一事，係有很高的可 成或是電解條件中係產生有 ，亦有很高的可能性係賦予 在作爲先前技術所揭 2002- 1 8 9 1 06號公報）或是 9〇 187號公報）中，雖係揭 面處施加鉻電鍍一事，但是 與鉻電鍍之種類，係多會發 或是產生有多數之因鉻電鍍 所製作之防眩薄膜的光學特 變化。電鍍表面爲粗糙之狀 硬度爲高，且摩擦係數爲小， 鉻電鍍之種類，雖並不特別作 之被稱爲光澤鉻電鍍或是裝飾 光澤的鉻電鍍爲理想。鉻電鍍 爲其電鍍浴，係使用包含有無 酸的水溶液。藉由對電流密度 制鉻電鍍之厚度。 表面，其維氏硬度係以800以 爲更理想。若是維氏硬度爲低 性會降低之外，在鉻電鍍中硬 能在電鍍處理時於電鍍浴之組 異常，且關於缺陷之發生狀況 不良之影響。 示之專利文獻 1 (日本特開 專利文獻4 (日本特開 2004_ 示有在成爲模具之金屬基材表 ，依存於模具之電鍍前的基底 生有在電鍍後表面變爲粗糙、 所致的微小之碎裂，其結果， 性，係會朝向不理想的方向而 態者，係並不適合使用於防眩 -38- 200907398 薄膜用之模具。此係因爲，一般而言，爲了將粗糙消 係在鉻電鍍後進行有對表面之硏磨，但是，如後述所 般，在本發明中，電鍍後之對表面的硏磨係並不理想 。在本發明中，係藉由在基底金屬處施加銅電鍍又或 電鍍，來消除在鉻電鍍中所易於產生之此種問題。 當在施加鉻電鍍前而並不施加使凹凸形狀鈍化之 的情況時，爲了使藉由撞擊微粒子所製作之凹凸形狀 利部分充分的鈍化，係必須要將鉻電鍍設爲較厚。然 若是鉻電鍍之厚度過厚，則會成爲容易產生結節，故 理想。又，當鉻電鍍之厚度爲薄的情況時，係無法將 撞擊微粒子所製作的凹凸形狀充分的鈍化，而無法得 期望之表面形狀的模具，因此，使用該模具所製作之 薄膜亦不會展現優良的防眩性能。 在前述之專利文獻1(日本特開2002-189106號 )中’係記載有：在對鐵之表面作了鉻電鍍後之滾筒 藉由噴砂法或噴珠法來形成凹凸型面，而後，施加鉻 ’又’在專利文獻3 (日本特開2004-29240號公報） 專利文獻4 (日本特開2004-90187號公報）中，係記 :在滾筒之表面處，施加噴珠法或是噴砂處理。然而 係並非針對在撞擊微粒子而形成凹凸行形狀後，積極 加鈍化工程，並進而施加鉻電鍍加工而使表面凹凸形 化之方法而作了言及者’若是依據本發明者們之檢討 右是不如上述所說明一般而積極地施加使表面形狀鈍 加工’便無法製造展現有優良之防眩性能的防眩薄膜 除， 7Γ：— 之故 是鎳 加工 的銳 而， 並不 藉由 到所 防眩 公報 處， 電鍍 以及 載有 ，其 地施 狀鈍 ，則 化之 -39- 200907398 另外，對附加有凹凸之金屬表面施加鉻電鍍以外之電 鍍一事，係並不理想。此係因爲，鉻以外之電鍍，其硬度 或耐磨耗性係爲低，而作爲模具之耐久性會加低，且在使 用中，凹凸會因爲摩擦而減損，並使模具損傷之故。在由 此種模具所得到之防眩薄膜中，無法得到充分之防眩功能 的可能性係爲高，又，在薄膜上產生缺陷的可能性亦變高 〇 在鉻電鍍後，係以不對表面作硏磨而直接將鉻電鍍面 作爲模具之凹凸面來使用爲有利。在前述專利文獻4 (日 本特開2004-90187號公報）中，雖係記載有對電鍍後之 表面作硏磨一事，但是，此種之對鉻電鍍面作硏磨一事， 在本發明中係並不理想。其理由，係有：藉由硏磨，由於 在最表面處會產生平坦之部分，因此，會有導致光學特性 之惡化的可能性，且，對於形狀之控制因子亦會增加，因 此，再現性爲優良之形狀控制係成爲困難等。圖8，係展 示使撞擊微粒子所得到之凹凸形狀作鈍化之加工，於此， 係爲展示在施加了於圖7之（C 1 )所示的鈾刻處理後，同 樣的施加了（ D 1 )中所示之鉻電鍍後的面作硏磨的情況時 ’產生了平坦面之金屬板的剖面模式圖。藉由硏磨，在銅 又或是鎳電鍍層32之表面處所形成的鉻電鍍層37之表面 凹凸38中，一部份之凸部係被削去，而產生有平坦面39 〇 於圖8中，雖係展示有對圖7之（d 1 )中所展示的蝕 刻後施加有銘電鍍之表面作硏磨的情況之例子，但是，在 -40- 200907398 圖7之（D2 )所示之於銅電鍍後施加了 亦同樣的，若是對該表面作硏磨，則同 平坦面。 〔防眩薄膜之製造方法〕 接下來，針對使用如此這般所得到 眩薄膜之工程作說明。藉由將以上述所 的模具之形狀轉印至透明樹脂薄膜處， 模具形狀之對薄膜的轉印，係以藉由壓 作爲壓花，係可例示有使用光硬化性樹 使用熱可塑性樹脂之熱壓花法。 在UV壓花法中，係在透明支持體 化性樹脂層，並將該光硬化性樹脂層推 上並使其硬化，藉由此，而將模具之凹 性樹脂層處。具體而言，係在透明支持 化型樹脂，並在使所塗布之紫外線硬化 之凹凸面處的狀態下，從透明支持體側 使紫外線硬化型樹脂硬化，接下來，將 紫外線硬化型樹脂層的支持體從模具上 模具之形狀轉印至紫外線硬化型樹脂處 脂之種類，係並不特別作限定。又，雖 樹脂的方式來作表現，但是，藉由對光 擇，亦可設爲能夠藉由波長爲較紫外線 化的樹脂。亦即是，在此之所謂的紫外 鉻電鍍的情況中， 樣的會成爲產生有 之模具，來製造防 說明之方法而得到 而得到防眩薄膜。 花來進行爲理想。 月旨之UV壓花法、 之表面處形成光硬 壓於模具之凹凸面 凸面轉印至光硬化 體上塗布紫外線硬 型樹脂密著於模具 來照射紫外線，以 被形成有硬化後之 剝離’藉由此來將 。紫外線硬化型樹 係以紫外線硬化型 起始劑作適宜的選 更長之可視光來硬 線硬化型樹脂，係 -41 - 200907398 爲亦包含有此種可視光硬化型之樹脂者的總稱。另 ，在熱壓花法中，係將透明之熱可塑性樹脂薄膜在 態下而推壓於模具處，並將模具之表面形狀轉印至 性樹脂薄膜處。在此些之壓花法中，從生產性的觀 ，係以UV壓花法爲理想。 在防眩薄膜之製作中所使用的透明支持體，係 實質上爲光學性透明之樹脂薄膜即可，例如，係可 由三醋酸纖維素、聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚甲基丙 酯、聚碳酸醋、將降茨嫌（Norbornene)系化合物 體之非晶性環狀聚烯烴等的熱可塑性樹脂所成的溶 薄膜（cast film)或是押出薄膜等。 作爲紫外線硬化型樹脂，係可使用在市面上所 。例如，係可將三羥甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、季戊四 烯酸酯等之多官能丙烯酸酯，分別單獨地或是將該 種以上混合地使用，並將其與“IRGACURE® ‘IRGACURE® 184”（以上，Ciba specialty chemica 製）、：Lucirin® TPO(BASF公司製）等的光重合 混合，而作爲紫外線硬化型樹脂。 作爲在熱壓花法中所使用的熱可塑性之透明樹 ’ ’係只要爲實質上爲透明者，則可使用任何物質 ’係可使用：聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 '聚碳酸酯、聚對 酸乙二酯、三醋酸纖維素、將降莰烯（Norbornene 合物作爲單體之非晶性環狀聚烯烴等的熱可塑性樹 的溶劑鑄型薄膜（cast film )或是押出薄膜等。此 一方面 加熱狀 熱可塑 點來看 只要爲 使用： 烯酸甲 作爲單 劑鑄型 販賣者 醇四丙 些之2 9 07”、 Is公司 起始劑 脂薄膜 ，例如 苯二甲 )系化 脂所成 些之透 -42- 200907398 明樹脂薄膜，係亦可成爲當採用上述所說明之uv 的情況時之透明支持體。 本發明之防眩薄膜，係以使用以特定形狀而被 凹凸之模具’並將該模具之凹凸面轉印至被塗布在 持體上之樹脂處’接下來，將被轉印有凹凸面之樹 具上剝離’藉由此來形成表面細微凹凸形狀爲理想 用於轉印之樹脂中’係以相對於黏結樹脂1 00重量 包含有平均粒徑5μπι以上15μιη以下，且其與黏結 之折射率差係爲〇·〇1以上0.06以下的微粒子10〜 量部爲理想。 當配合於黏結樹脂中之微粒子的平均粒徑低於 情況時，透過擴散分布之廣角側的値係會上升，其 當適用於畫像顯示裝置中時，會使對比降低，故並 。相反的，當其平均粒徑超過了 1 5 μηι的情況時， 後述一般之以將粒子完全地埋沒於黏結樹脂中爲理 點來看，爲了將粒子埋沒，會有使膜厚變厚的傾向 果，成爲容易在樹脂塗布工程時產生捲曲或是凝集 題。 又，當微粒子與黏結樹脂之折射率差低於0 . C 況時，由於微粒子所致之內部擴散效果係變小，因 了對防眩層賦予特定之擴散特性與霧度而消除刺眼 係有必要將大量的微粒子添加至黏結樹脂中，從欲 子完全地埋沒在黏結樹脂中之観點來看，係並不理 一方面，此折射率差若是超過0.06，則由於折射率 壓花法 形成有 透明支 脂從模 ，在使 部，而 樹脂間 1 00重 5 μιη 的 結果， 不理想 從如同 想的觀 。其結 等的問 1的情 此，爲 現象’ 將微粒 想。另 差爲大 -43- 200907398 ，故在黏結樹脂與微粒子之界面處的反射率係增大，其結 果’後方擴散係上升’而使全光線透過率降低，故並不理 想。如同上述所示一般之紫外線硬化型樹脂，由於其硬化 物係多展現有1 .5 0左右之折射率，因此，微粒子，係可 從折射率爲1 · 4 0〜1 . 6 0左右者來配合於防眩薄膜之設計而 適當作選擇。作爲微粒子，係適合使用樹脂珠，且以幾乎 成球形者爲佳。於以下，揭示適合之樹脂珠的例子。 三聚氫胺珠（折射率1 . 5 7 ) 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯珠（折射率1.49) 聚甲基丙烯酸/苯乙烯共聚合體樹脂珠（折射率1 . 5 0 〜1 .59 ) 聚碳酸酯珠（折射率1 . 5 5 ) 聚乙烯珠（折射率1 · 5 3 ) 聚苯乙烯珠（折射率1.6 ) 聚氯乙烯珠（折射率1.46) 矽樹脂珠（折射率1.46)等 又’此些之微粒子，係以不會對表面之凹凸形狀造成 影響’亦即是，係以將粒子完全埋沒在黏結樹脂中爲理想 。此係因爲，當微粒子突出於表面的情況時，經由微粒子 之形狀，表面凹凸形狀會變化，而對防眩薄膜之反射特性 (防眩性能或是泛白等）造成影響之故。當此種微粒子突 出於表面的情況時，由於除了上述之模具的表面形狀之外 ’亦必須將粒子之形狀、濃度、分散性等列入考慮，而進 行表面形狀之設計，因此，表面形狀之設計•控制係成爲 -44- 200907398 繁雜’而變得難以得到所預期之特性。因此，係以僅藉由 模具來對主要影響反射特性之表面形狀作控制，並將擴散 特性獨立地藉由樹脂與粒子的組合來作控制爲理想。 〔防眩性偏光板〕 如同上述一般所構成之本發明的防眩薄膜，防眩效果 係爲優良’而能有效的防止泛白，且能夠有效的抑制刺眼 之發生以及對比之降低，因此，當裝著於畫像顯示裝置時 ’其視認性係爲優良。當畫像顯示裝置係爲液晶顯示器的 情況時，係可將此防眩薄膜適用於偏光板。亦即是，偏光 板一般多係爲在由被吸著配向有碘又或是二色性染料之聚 乙烯醇系樹脂薄膜所成的偏光元件之至少一面貼合有保護 薄膜的形態所構成者，但是，若是將其中一方之保護薄膜 以本發明之防眩薄膜來構成，並藉由將偏光元件與本發明 之防眩薄膜在該防眩薄膜之透明支持體側作貼合’則能夠 作成防眩性偏光板。此時’偏光元件之另外一面，係可維 持原狀，亦可層積其他之保護薄膜又或是光學薄膜’又’ 亦可形成用以將其貼合於液晶胞之黏著劑層。又’亦可將 在偏光元件之至少一面處貼合有保護薄膜之偏光板’與本 發明之防眩薄膜在其透明支持體側作貼合’而作成防眩性 之偏光板。進而’亦可在被貼合有保護薄膜之偏光板處’ 藉由在該單面之保護薄膜的表面上賦予如同上述一般之防 眩性的凹凸，而作成防眩性之偏光板° -45 - 200907398 〔畫像顯示裝置〕 本發明之畫像顯示裝置，係爲將以上所說明之具備有 特定表面形狀的防眩薄膜又或是防眩性偏光板與畫像顯示 元件作組合者。於此，畫像顯示元件，係以具備有在上下 基板間封入有液晶之液晶胞，並藉由電壓之施加而使液晶 之配向狀態變化而進行畫像之顯示的液晶面板爲代表，但 是’除此之外’對於電漿顯示器面板、CRT顯示器、有機 EL顯示器等週知的各種顯示器，亦可適用本發明之防眩 薄膜。而’藉由將上述之防眩薄膜配置在較畫像顯示元件 更靠視認側，而構成畫像顯示裝置。此時，係以使防眩薄 膜之凹凸面、亦即是以使防眩層側成爲外側（視認側）的 方式而作配置。防眩薄膜，係可直接貼合於畫像顯示元件 之表面，而當將液晶面板作爲畫像顯示手段的情況時，例 如’亦可如先前所述一般，經由偏光元件而貼合於液晶面 板之表面。如此這般，具備有本發明之防眩薄膜的畫像顯 示裝置，係可藉由防眩薄膜所具備之表面的凹凸，而使入 射光擴散，並將映入之像變淡，而成爲可給予優良之視認 性。 又，就算是在將本發明之防眩薄膜適用於高精細度之 畫像顯示裝置的情況時，亦不會產生在先前之防眩薄膜中 所會見到的刺眼現象，而成爲兼備有充分之映入防止功效 、泛白狀況之防止、刺眼之抑制、對比之降低的抑制等之 性能者。 -46- 200907398 實施例 以下，展示實施例以對本發明作更進-是’本發明’係並不被此些之例子所限定。 有量乃至使用量作表示之「％」以及「部」 別記載的情況下，係以重量爲基準。又，右 於模具又或是防眩薄膜之評價方法，係如下 1、 模具之維氏硬度的測定： 使用 Krautkramer公司製之超音波硬 而藉由準據於JIS Z 2244之方法來測定維β 係在模具本身之表面處進行。 2、 防眩薄膜之光學特性的測定： (擴散分佈） 將防眩薄膜以使其之凹凸面成爲表面的 玻璃基板處，並在其之玻璃面側，從相對於 斜了特定之角度的方向來照射從He-Ne雷象 ’並在防眩薄膜之凹凸面側，測定薄膜法線 散光強度。在反射率之測定中，均係使用橫 有限公司）製之“ 3 2 9 2 0 3光學功率感測器，， 功率計”。 步之說明，但 於例中，對含 ，在並未作特 :以下之例中對 所示一般。 | 計“ MI C 1 0，’， ;硬度。測定， 方式而貼合於 薄膜法線而傾 而來之平行光 方向之透過擴 河電機（股份 及“ 3 2 9 2光學 (反射分佈） 在防眩薄膜之凹凸面，從相對於薄膜法 線而傾斜了 30 -47- 200907398 。的方向來照射從He-Ne雷射而來之平行光，並進行了在 包含有薄膜法線與照射方向之平面內的反射率之角度變化 的測定。在反射率之測定中，均係使用橫河電機（股份有 限公司）製之“ 3 2 9 2 0 3光學功率感測器”以及“ 3 2 9 2光學功 率計”。 (霧度） 使用準據於JIS K 7136之（股份有限公司）村上色彩 技術硏究所製的霧度計“HM-150”型，而測定了防眩薄膜之 霧度。爲了防止樣本之彎曲，係使用光學性爲透明之黏著 劑，並以使凹凸面成爲表面的方式來將其貼合於玻璃基板 上，再於該狀態下來測定全霧度。當測定內部霧度時，係 在防眩薄膜之凹凸表面處，藉由甘油而貼附上霧度幾乎爲 0之三醋酸纖維素薄膜，而進行之。 (反射鮮明度） 使用準據於J IS K 7 1 0 5之S U G A試驗機（股份有限公 司）.製的影像清晰度（i m a g e c 1 a r i t y )測定器“ Η Μ -1 5 0，，型 ，而測定了防眩薄膜之反射鮮明度。於此情況，亦爲了防 止樣本之彎曲，而使用光學性爲透明之黏著劑，並以使凹 凸面成爲表面的方式來將其貼合於玻璃基板上，再進行測j 定。又。爲了防止從背面之玻璃面而來的反射，係在貼合· 有防眩薄膜之玻璃板的玻璃板面，以水而密著貼附有2mm 厚度之黑色丙烯樹脂板，並在此狀態下使光從樣本（防目玄 -48- 200907398 薄膜）側射入，而進行測定。於此之測定値， 一般，爲使用暗部與明部之寬幅分別爲0.5 mm 及2 _ 0 m m之3種類的光梳所測定的値之合計値 3、防眩薄膜之表面形狀的測定： 使用Sensofar公司製之共軛焦點顯微鏡“ 而測定防眩薄膜之表面形狀。於此情況，亦爲 之彎曲，而使用光學性爲透明之黏著劑，並以 爲表面的方式來將其貼合於玻璃基板上，再進 測定時，係將對物透鏡之倍率設爲5 0倍，而 來作測定。此係因爲，若是以高解析度來作測 表面之細微的凹凸亦會被測定，並對凸部之計 之故。 (剖面曲線處的算術平均高度Pa、最大剖面高 平均長度PSm ) 以上述所得之測定資料爲基礎，藉由準 060 1之計算，來求取出算術平均高度pa、最 Pt以及平均長度PSm。 (凸部之數量） 以在上述之測定中所得到之防眩薄膜表面^ 性座標値爲基礎，並依據先前參考圖5而作了 ，而求取出在200μιηχ200μιη之區域內所存在 係如同前述 、1.0mm 以 Ρ1：μ2300，，， 了防止樣本 使凹凸面成 行測定。於 降低解析度 定，則樣本 數造成阻礙 度Pt以及 據於 JIS B 大剖面筒度 §點的3維 說明的機制 的凸部之數 -49- 200907398 “乍了莫洛諾依分割後之莫洛諾依多角形的平均面積） 以在上述之測定中所得到之防眩薄膜表面各點的3維 性座標値爲㈣’並依據先前參考圖5以及圖6而作了說 明的機制來作計算’而求取出莫洛諾依多角形之平均面積 4、防眩薄膜之防眩性能的評價： (映入、泛白以及質感之目視評價） 爲了防止從防眩薄膜之背面而來的反射，以使凹凸面 成爲表面的方式，而將黑色丙烯樹脂板貼合於防眩薄膜， 並在照射有螢光燈之明亮的室內’從凹凸面側起以目視來 作觀察，並藉由目視來對螢光燈之映入的有無、泛白之程 度以及質感作評價。映入、泛白以及質感，係藉由下述之 基準，而分別以1〜3之3階段來作評價。 映入： 1 :無法觀察到映入 2 :觀察到些許之映入 3 :可明顯觀察到映入 泛白： 1 :無法觀察到泛白 -50- 200907398 2 :觀察到些許之泛白 3 :可明顯觀察到泛白 質感： 1 :表面爲細緻，質感佳 2:表面略粗，質感略差 3:表面明顯爲粗，質感差 (刺眼之評價） 刺眼，係藉由以下之方法來作評價。亦即是，首先， 準備具備有如同在圖9中以平面圖所示一般之單元胞的圖 案之光罩。於此圖中，單元胞40，係在透明之基板上，以 線寬幅1 Ομηι而被形成有溝型之鉻遮光圖案4 1，而未被形 成有該鉻遮光圖案41之部分，係成爲開口部42。於此， 單元胞之尺寸係爲254μπιχ84μηι (圖之縱X橫），故而，係 採用開口部之尺寸爲244μηΐ)<74μηι (圖之縱X橫）者。將圖 示之單元胞縱橫排列多數，而形成光罩。 而後，如同於圖1 〇中以模式剖面圖所示一般，使光 罩43之鉻遮光圖案41成爲上方，而放置於光箱（ lightbox) 45中，並將藉由黏著劑而將防眩薄膜11以使 其凹凸面成爲表面的方式來貼合於玻璃板4 1處後所成之 樣本，放置在光罩43之上。在光箱45之中，係被配置有 光源4 6。於此狀態下，藉由在離開樣本約3 0 c m之位置4 9 處來進行目視觀察，而對刺眼之程度以7階段來做官能性 -51 - 200907398 之評價。等級1係爲完全無法辨識出刺眼的狀態’等級7 係爲觀察到嚴重之刺眼的狀態’而等級3係爲僅觀察到些 許之刺眼的狀態。 (對比之評價） 從市面上販售之液晶電視〔夏普（股份有限公司）製 之“LC-42GX1W”〕而將表背兩面之偏光板剝離。代替該些 之原本的偏光板，在背面側以及表面側均將住友化學（股 份有限公司）製之偏光板“ Sumikalan SRDB831E”以使其各 別之吸收軸與原本之偏光板的吸收軸一致的方式’來經由 黏著劑而作貼合，並進而在顯示面側偏光板之上，將於以 下之各例中所示的防眩薄膜以使凹凸面成爲表面的方式而 經由黏著劑來作貼合。將如此這般所得到之液晶電視，在 黑暗室內啓動，並使用（股份有限公司）TOPCON製之亮 度計“ B Μ 5 A ”型，來對在黑顯示狀態以及白顯示狀態下之 亮度作測定，並計算出對比。於此’所謂對比’係藉由相 對於黑顯示狀態之亮度的白顯示狀態之亮度的比來作表現 〔實施例1〕 (A)壓花用模具之製作 準備在直徑200mm之鐵滾筒（JIS所致之STKM13A )表面處施加有銅巴拉德電鍍（copper ballard plating) 者。銅巴拉德電鍍，係爲由銅電鍍層/薄的銀電鍍層/表 -52- 200907398 面銅電鍍層所成者，電鍍層全體之厚度約爲200μπι。對該 銅電鍍表面作鏡面硏磨，並進而在該硏磨面處，使用噴砂 裝置（（股份有限公司）不二製作所製），而將TOSOH (股份有限公司）製之銷珠“ T Z - B 5 3，，（商品名，平均粒徑 53μπ〇 ，以珠使用量8 g/c m2 (滾筒之單位表面積）、噴 砂壓力0.15MPa (表壓）、從噴射微粒子之噴嘴起直到金 屬表面之距離爲450mm的條件下，進彳7噴砂，並在表面 附加凹凸。對於所得到之附加有凹凸的銅電鍍鐵滚筒，以 氯化銅水溶液來進行蝕刻。此時之鈾刻量，係設定爲8 μηι 。而後’進行鉻電鍍加工，而製作壓花用之模具。此時之 鉻電鍍之厚度係設定爲4μηι。所得到之模具，其表面之維 氏硬度係爲1 0 0 0。 (Β )防眩薄膜之製造 在醋酸乙酯中，將以下之各成分以固體份濃度60%來 作溶解，而得到硬化後展現有1 . 5 3之折射率的紫外線硬 化性樹脂組成物。 季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯 60部 多官能聚氨酯丙烯酸酯 40部 (六亞甲二異氰酸酯與季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯之反應生成物） 調平（leveling)劑 有 在此紫外線硬化性樹脂組成物中，將平均粒徑爲8 μηι 而折射率爲1,565之甲基丙烯酸甲酯/苯乙烯共聚合物樹 脂珠，相對於上述紫外線硬化性樹脂1 00部而添加25部 -53- 200907398 ’而後’以使固體份（包含樹脂珠）之濃度成爲50%的方 式而添加醋酸乙酯，而調製出塗布液。 在厚度80μηι之三醋酸纖維素（TAC )薄膜上，將上 述之塗布液以使乾燥後之塗布膜的厚度成爲ΙΟμιη的方式 來作塗布，並在被設定爲60 Τ：之乾燥機中作3分鐘的乾燥 。將乾燥後之薄膜，在藉由（Α)所製作之模具的凹凸面 處’以使紫外線硬化性樹脂組成物層成爲模具側的方式來 藉由橡膠滾筒而作推壓，並使其密著。在此狀態下，從 TAC薄膜側，將從強度2〇mW/Cm2的高壓水銀燈而來的 光以使h線換算光量成爲200nU/ cm2的方式來作照射， 以使紫外線硬化性樹脂組成物層硬化。而後，將TAC薄 膜與硬化樹脂一體地從模具剝離，並得到由在表面處具備 有凹凸之硬化樹脂與TAC薄膜的層積體所成的透明之防 眩薄膜。 (C)防眩薄膜之評價 針對所得到之防眩薄膜，藉由上述之手法而對光學特 性、凹凸表面形狀以及防眩性能作評價，並將其結果，與 模具之製作條件、於防眩層之製作中所使用的微粒子之種 類以及量一同於表1中作展示。又，於圖11中展示透過 擴散分佈之圖表，於圖1 2中展示反射分佈之圖表。另外 ’在表1中，（A )係爲將模具製作時之鈾刻量與在防眩 層製作中所使用的微粒子之種類以及量作了歸納者，（B )係爲將防眩薄膜之光學特性作了歸納者’而（C )係爲 -54- 200907398 對防眩薄膜之表面形狀與防眩性能作了歸納者。而’表1 (B )中之反射鮮明度的詳細內容，係如下所示一般。 反射鮮明度 0.5mm 光學梳：1.4% 1 .0mm 光學梳·_ 5.4% 2.0mm 光學梳：9.6% 合計：1 6.4 % 〔實施例2〕 將製作模具時之蝕刻量如同表1 一般的作變更’而其 他條件係與實施例1相同，藉此而製作了於表面具備有凹 凸之壓花用的模具。所得到之模具，其表面之維氏硬度係 爲1 000。使用此模具，與實施例1同樣的，製作由在表面 處具備有凹凸之硬化樹脂與TAC薄膜的層積體所成的透 明之防眩薄膜。 〔實施例3以及4〕 在使用與實施例1相同之模具的同時，將在防眩層之 製作中所使用的微粒子之種類以及/又或是相對於紫外線 硬化性樹脂1 00重量部的添加量如同表i所示一般的作變 更’並將其他條件設爲與實施例i相同，藉此而製作了由 在表面處具備有凹凸之硬化樹脂與TAC薄膜的層積體所 成的透明之防眩薄膜。另外，在實施例3中所使用之微粒 -55- 200907398 子’係爲與實施例1相同之甲基丙烯酸甲酯/苯乙烯共聚 合物樹脂珠，在實施例4中所使用之微粒子，係爲平均粒 徑8μηι而折射率1.490之聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯珠。 對於在實施例2〜4中所得到之防眩薄膜，均將此些 之防眩薄膜的光學特性、表面形狀以及防眩性能與實施例 1之資料一同地在表1中作展示。又，此些之防眩薄膜的 透過擴散分佈以及反射分佈之圖表，係與實施例1之資料 一同地分別在圖1 1以及圖1 2中作展示。 〔比較例1以及2〕 在比較例1中，係使用與實施例1相同之模具，又， 在比較例2中，係使用與實施例2相同之模具，且兩者均 係使用不包含有樹脂珠之紫外線硬化性樹脂組成物，並將 其他條件設爲與實施例1相同，藉此而製作了由在表面處 具備有凹凸之硬化樹脂與TAC薄膜的層積體所成的透明 之防眩薄膜。將所得到之防眩薄膜的光學特性、表面形狀 以及防眩性能與實施例1之資料一同地在表1中作展示。 又，於圖13中展示此些之防眩薄膜的透過擴散分佈之圖 表，於圖14中展示反射分佈之圖表。 -56- 200907398 表1 (A)模具之製作條件與防眩層中之微粒子 例NO. 模具製作時之 蝕刻量 防眩層中之樹脂g 平均粒徑 折射率 添加量 實施例1 8μηι 8μπι 1.565 25部 實施例2 ΙΟμηι 8μιη 1.565 25部 實施例3 8μιη 8μηι 1.565 45部 實施例4 8μιη δμιη 1.490 15部 比較例1 8μιη — — — 比較例2 ΙΟμηι — — — (B )防眩薄膜之光學特性 例NO. 相對擴1 女光強度 反射率 表面 全霧度 反射鮮 T(20) Τ(30) R(30) R(40) R(50) 霧度 明度 實施例1 0.00017% 0.00004% 0.17163% 0.00039% 0.00005% 0.9% 6.9% 16.4% 實施例2 0.00013% 0.00005% 0.59146% 0.00040% 0.00008% 0.5% 7.0% 14.8% 實施例3 0.00028% 0.00006% 0.17713% 0.00044% 0.00006% 0.9% 21.1% 15.3% 實施例4 0.00047% 0.00009% 0.29234% 0.00084% 0.00008% 0.8% 23.1% 16.2% 比較例1 0.00009% 0.00005% 0.16299% 0.00036% 0.00004% 0.8% 0.9% 16.3% 比較例2 0.00005% 0.00003% 0.55130% 0.00045% 0.00008% 0.5% 0.5% 14.0% (C )防眩薄膜之表面形狀與防眩性能 例NO. 表面形狀 防眩《 算數平 最大剖 平均長 凸部 莫洛諾依 映 泛 質 刺 對 均高度 面高度 度PSm 之數 多角形之 入 白 感 眼 比 Pa Pt 量 平均面積 實施例 1 0.123μπι 0.72μηι 29.25μηι 81 920μηι2 1 1 3 1885 實施例 2 0.073 μηι 0.39μηι 23.06μιη 92 432μιη2 2 1 1 3 1876 實施例 3 0.126μιη 0.68μηι 21.03μιη 57 920μιη2 1 1 1 1 1866 實施例 4 Ο.ΙΟδμηι 0.63μιη 15.06μηι 99 478μηι2 1 1 1 1804 比較例 1 0.148μπι 0.69μηι 23.15μπι 64 875μηι2 1 1 7 1887 比較例 2 0.053μηι 0.28 μπι 24.32μιη 98 481μιη2 2 1 6 1906 -57- 200907398 如同表1所示一般，滿足本發明之要件的實施例1以 及2，係展示有優良之防眩性能（低映入與良好之質感） ，同時不會產生刺眼或泛白，且在適用於畫像顯示裝置時 ，亦展現有高對比。又，在將內部霧度增加後的實施例3 以及4中，雖然對比相較於實施例1以及2係有些許的降 低，但是，可以得知，係更有效果的對刺眼作了抑制。相 對於此，比較例1以及2，由於表面形狀係分別與實施例 1以及2爲幾乎相同，因此在展現有優良的防眩性能的同 時，亦不會產生泛白，且在對比處亦展現有高的値，但是 ，由於其之相對擴散光強度T ( 20 )以及T ( 30 )之至少 一方係低於本發明之規定，因此，刺眼係爲強，當適用於 畫像顯示裝置時，視認性係成爲顯著的降低。 於此，實施例1、3以及4與比較例1，係使用相同之 模具而製作防眩薄膜，又，實施例2與比較例2係使用相 同之模具而製作防眩薄膜。而，此些之使用相同模具所製 作的防眩薄膜之反射特性係幾乎爲同等，由此結果，可以 得知所添加之微粒子係並未對表面形狀造成影響。 〔比較例3〜5〕 在與實施例1所使用者爲相同之紫外線硬化性樹脂組 成物（添加樹脂珠前）中’對紫外線硬化性樹脂i 〇 〇部而 添加平均粒徑約1 0 μ m且折射率爲1 · 4 6之多孔質矽微粒子 1 〇部，進而，在比較例4以及5中，係對紫外線硬化性樹 脂1 〇 〇部而添加如同表2中所示一般之量的平均粒徑約 -58- 200907398 3μηι且折射率爲1.57之多孔質矽微粒子甲基丙烯酸甲酯 /苯乙烯共聚合物樹脂珠並使其分散，而後’以使固體份 (包含矽微粒子以及樹脂珠）之濃度成爲30%的方式而添 加醋酸乙酯，而調製塗布液。 在厚度80μιη之三醋酸纖維素（TAC )薄膜上，將上 述之塗布液以使乾燥後之塗布膜的厚度成爲4μιη的方式來 作塗布，並在被設定爲60 °C之乾燥機中作3分鐘的乾燥。 從乾燥後之薄膜的光硬化性樹脂組成物層側，將從強度 2 OmW/ cm2的高壓水銀燈而來的光以使h線換算光量成爲 2 0 0m J/ cm2的方式來作照射，以使紫外線硬化性樹脂組 成物層硬化，而得到由在表面處具備有凹凸之硬化樹脂與 TAC薄膜的層積體所成的透明之防眩薄膜。在此防眩薄膜 中，如同由矽微粒子之粒徑（約1 Ο μηι )與塗膜厚度（4 μηα )間的關係亦可得知一般，矽微粒子係突出於防眩層表面 〇 針對所得到之防眩薄膜，藉由上述之手法而對光學特 性、凹凸表面形狀以及防眩性能作評價，並將其結果與樹 脂之組成一同於表2中作展示。在表2中，（a )係爲將 被配合於硬化性樹脂中之微粒子作了歸納者，（B )係爲 將防眩薄膜之光學特性作了歸納者，而（C )係爲對防眩 薄膜之表面形狀與防眩性能作了歸納者。又，於圖1 5中 展示透過擴散分佈之圖表，於圖16中展示反射分佈之圖 表。 -59- 200907398 表2 (A )防眩層中之微粒子 例NO. 多孔質矽微粒子 樹脂珠 平均粒徑 折射率 添加量 平均粒徑 屈折射率 添加量 比較例3 約 ΙΟμιη 1.46 10部 — — — 比較例4 約 ΙΟμηΊ 1.46 Η)部 3μιη 1.57 3部 比較例5 約 ΙΟμίΏ 1.46 10部 3μηι 1.57 10部 (B )防眩薄膜之光學特性 例NO. 相對擴育 女光強度 反射率 表面 全霧度 反射鮮 T(20) Τ(30) R(30) R(40) R(5〇) 霧度 明度 比較例3 0.00007% 0.00002% 0.36807% 0.00052% 0.00005% 0.9% 1.4% 22.9% 比較例4 0.00053% 0.00025% 0.23112% 0.00049% 0.00007% 0.9% 8.4% 24.9% 比較例5 0.00106% 0.00037% 0.15274% 0.00052% 0.00005% 2.0% 24.1% 42.8% (C)防眩薄膜之表面形狀與防眩性能 例NO. 表面形狀 湖玄性能 算數平 均高度 Pa 最大剖 面高度 Pt 平均長 度PSm 凸部之 數量 莫洛諾依 多角形之 平均面積 映 入 泛 白 質 感 刺 眼 對 比 比較例 3 0.154μπι 0.87μιη 48.87μηα 14 3,074μΐΏ2 2 1 3 7 1914 比較例 4 0.107μηι 0.66μηι 50.01μηι 22 1,735μηι2 2 1 3 4 1764 比較例 5 0.094μπι 0.52μπι 28.35μιη 26 1,236μιη2 2 1 2 1 1671 -60- 200907398 如同表2所示一般，在比較例3中，由於相 強度T ( 20 )以及T ( 3 0 )係低於本發明之規定 雖然對比係並未降低，但是刺眼係爲強，當適用 示裝置時，係會顯著的損及視認性。在比較例4 20°入射之相對擴散光強度T ( 20 )係高於本發明 因此，對比係降低至1 800以下，而爲會損及視認 又，在表面形狀中，平均長度PSm係爲大， 數量係爲少，莫洛諾依多角形之平均面積係爲大 言，係成爲較在本發明中所規定者更大之形狀， 算擴散光係爲強，亦無法將刺眼充分的作抑制。 5中，由於相對擴散光強度T ( 20 )以及T ( 3 0 超過本發明之規定，因此，雖然並未產生刺眼， 係成爲大幅的降低。又，比較例3〜5，總體而言 PSm係爲大，而莫洛諾依多角形之平均面積係超 之規定，又，凸部之數量係低於本發明之規定， 質感係爲粗糙，而有著一顆顆的凸起之外觀。 〔比較例6〜9〕 針對將住友化學（股份有限公司）所販賣 “SUMIKALAN”作爲防眩層而使用，並在紫外線 中分散有塡充物而成的防眩薄膜“AG3”、“AG5”、 “CV2”（分別設爲比較例6〜9)，藉由前述之手 別之光學特性、表面形狀以及防眩性能作評價， 果展示於表3。在表3中，（B)係爲將防眩薄 對擴散光 ，因此， 於畫像顯 中，由於 之規定， 性者。 而凸部之 ，全體而 因此，就 在比較例 )係大幅 但是對比 平均長度 過本發明 其結果， 之偏光板 硬化樹脂 “SL6，，、 法而對各 並將其結 膜之光學 -61 - 200907398 特性作了歸納者，而（c )係爲對防眩薄膜之表面形狀與 防眩性能作了歸納者。又，於圖1 7中展示透過擴散分佈 之圖表，於圖18中展不反射分佈之圖表。 表3 (B )防眩薄膜之光學特性 例NO. 相對擴育 女光強度 反射率 表面 霧度 全霧度 反射鮮 明度 T(20) Τ(30) R(30) R(40) R(50) 比較例6 0.00007% 0.00003% 0.56785% 0.00113% 0.00012% 2.4% 3.4% 20.1% 比較例7 0.00014% 0.00003% 0.10042% 0.00409% 0.00048% 9.7% 10.7% 23.2% 比較例8 0.00148% 0.00025% 0.10244% 0.00671% 0.00053% 9.4% 36.6% 15.5% 比較例9 0.00170% 0.00035% 0.18370% 0.00077% 0.00007% 1.6% 33.3% 20.5% (C )防眩薄膜之表面形狀與防眩性能 例NO. 表面形狀 湖玄性能 算數平 均高度 Pa 最大剖 面局度 Pt 平均長 度PSm 凸部 之數 量 莫洛諾依 多角形之 平均面積 映 入 泛 白 質 感 刺 眼 對 比 比較例 6 0.220μηι 1.09μπι 45.04μιη 22 1762μηι2 2 1 3 7 1917 比較例 0.190μιη 1.11 μηι 20.2 Ιμιη 78 546μηι2 1 2 1 6. 1845 比較例 8 0.224μηι 1.29μπι 28.42μιη 146 297μηι2 1 3 1 1 1637 比較例 9 0.167μιη 0.83μηι 24.09μπι 71 580μπι2 1 2 1 1 1602 在比較例6中，由於相對擴散光強度T ( 20 )以及T (3 0 )係低於本發明之規定，因此，雖然對比係並未降低 ，但是刺眼係爲強，而視認性係顯著的降低。又，由於表 -62- 200907398 面形狀之要件亦完全脫離本發明之規定’因此’質感係不 佳，而有著一顆顆的凸起之外觀。在比較例7中’由於30° 入射之相對擴散光強度T ( 3 0 )係低於本發明之規定，因 此，係成爲產生有刺眼的結果。在比較例8以及比較例9 中，由於相對擴散光強度T ( 20 )以及T ( 30 )總體上係 爲大，因此，雖然並未產生刺眼，但是對比係成爲大幅的 降低。又，在比較例8中，由於反射率R ( 40 )以及R ( 5 〇 )之値亦係超過本發明之規定，因此，畫面全體係偏白 ，而產生有泛白。 由以上之結果，可以得知，將在本發明中所規定之要 件平衡性佳地具備一事，對於達成作爲本發明之目的的光 學特性係爲重要。 〔產業上之利用可能性〕 本發明之防眩薄膜，在展現優良之防眩性能的同時， 亦防止因泛白所致之視認性的降低，而在配置於高精細之 畫像顯示裝置的表面時，不會產生刺眼耀眼的情況，而能 實現高對比度。將此防眩薄膜與偏光元件作組合後之防眩 性偏光板，亦展現相同之效果。而，配置有本發明之防眩 薄膜又或是防眩性偏光板的畫像顯示裝置，防眩性能係爲 高，而成爲視認性優良者。 藉由將本發明之防眩薄膜，以使其防眩薄膜成爲較畫 像顯示元件而更靠視認側的方式，而配置在液晶面板、電 漿顯示器面板、CRT顯示器、有機EL顯示器等的各種顯 -63- 200907398 示器，而可成爲不會產生泛白以及刺眼，且能將映入之像 變淡，而成爲可給予優良之視認性者。 【圖式簡單說明】 〔圖1〕對從防眩薄膜之透明支持體側而射入光並求 取出在防眩層側法線方向所觀測到之擴散光強度時，光的 射入方向與透過擴散光強度測定方向作模式性展示的立體 圖。 〔圖2〕對入射角作改變，並將所測定之相對擴散光 強度（對數刻度）相對於入射角而作描畫的圖表之其中一 例。 〔圖3〕將求取反射率之從防眩層側而來的光之入射 方向與反射方向作模式性展示的立體圖。 〔圖4〕將相對於從防眩薄膜之法線而以3 0°之角度 所射入的光之反射光的反射角與反射率（反射率係爲對數 刻度）作描畫之圖表的其中一例。 〔圖5〕將防眩薄膜之凸部判定的機制作模式展示之 立體圖。 〔圖6〕展示莫洛諾依分割之例的莫洛諾依圖。 〔圖7〕將用以製作本發明之防眩薄膜的模具之製造 方法以各工程來作展示之剖面模式圖。 〔圖8〕展示在鉻電鍍後對表面作了硏磨的狀態之剖 面模式圖。 〔圖9〕展示刺眼評價用圖案之單元胞之平面圖。 -64 - 200907398 〔圖1 〇〕展示刺眼評價之狀態的剖面模式圖。 〔圖1 1〕展示藉由實施例1〜4所得到之防眩薄膜的 透過擴散分布之圖表。 〔圖1 2〕展示藉由實施例1〜4所得到之防眩薄膜的 反射分布之圖表。 〔圖1 3〕展示藉由比較例1以及2所得到之防眩薄膜 的透過擴散分布之圖表。 〔圖1 4〕展示藉由比較例1以及2所得到之防眩薄膜 的反射分布之圖表。 〔圖1 5〕展示藉由比較例3〜5所得到之防眩薄膜的 透過擴散分布之圖表。 〔圖1 6〕展示藉由比較例3〜5所得到之防眩薄膜的 反射分布之圖表。 〔圖1 7〕展示在比較例6〜9中所使用之防眩薄膜的 透過擴散分布之圖表。 〔圖1 8〕展示在比較例6〜9中所使用之防眩薄膜的 反射分布之圖表。 【主要元件符號說明】 η :防眩薄膜 1 2 :薄膜法線 1 3 :對透過擴散光強度作測定時之入射光線方向 1 4 :透過擴散光強度之測定方向（法線方向） 1 5 :對反射率作測定時之入射光線方向 -65 - 200907398 16:正反射方向 1 7 :任意之反射方向 1 9 :包含有入射光線方向與薄膜法線之面 Φ:對透過擴散光強度作測定時之入射角 Θ :對反射率作測定時之反射角 2 1 :防眩薄膜上的任意之點 22 :防眩薄膜表面 23 :薄膜基準面 2 4 :以防眩薄膜上的任意之點爲中心的圓之對薄膜基 準面的投影面 26 :凸部頂點之投影點（莫洛諾依分割之母點） 2 7 :莫洛諾依多邊形 2 8 :不被計算於平均値中之鄰接於測定視野邊界的莫 洛諾依多邊形 3 1 :金屬基材 32:銅又或是鎳電鍍層 3 3 :硏磨面 3 4 :以微粒子作撞擊所形成之凹面 3 5 :銅電鍍層 3 6 a :將以微粒子作撞擊所形成之凹凸面藉由蝕刻來 使其鈍化後的面 3 6 b :將以微粒子作撞擊所形成之凹凸面藉由銅電鍍 來使其鈍化後的面 3 7 :路電鑛層 -66 - 200907398 3 8 :鉻電鍍後所殘留之凹凸面 3 9 :對鉻電鍍後之表面作硏磨後所產生之平坦面 40 :光罩之單元胞 41 :光罩之鉻遮光圖案 4 2 :光罩之開口部 43 :光罩 4 5 :照明盒 4 6 :光源 4 7 :玻璃板 49 :刺眼之觀察位置 -67-200907398 IX. INSTRUCTIONS OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field] The present invention relates to an anti-glare film which is low in haze while exhibiting excellent anti-glare properties, and is provided with the anti-glare film The portrait shows the device. [Prior Art] The present invention is related to exhibiting excellent anti-glare performance without blushing, and when applied to an image display device, glare is not generated, and high contrast is achieved, and A good-definition anti-Glare film, an anti-glare polarizer having the anti-glare film, and an image display device. An image display device such as a liquid crystal display or a plasma display panel, a Brown tube (Cathode tube: CRT) display, or an organic electroluminescence (EL) display, if it is reflected on its display surface, its visibility is Significantly damaged. In order to prevent such external light from entering, a video camera or a personal computer that is used for image quality, a video camera or a digital camera used outside the house where the external light is strong, and a mobile phone that uses reflected light for display, etc. From the previous point, a film layer for preventing the reflection of external light is provided on the surface of the image display device. The film layer can be roughly classified into a film which is applied with a non-reflective treatment by interference of an optical multilayer film, and which diffuses the incident light by blurring the surface to form a fine unevenness and blurs the image of the reflection. A film made of an anti-glare treatment. Among them, the former non-reflective film has a high cost because it is necessary to form a multilayer film of uniform optical film thickness -5 - 200907398. The latter anti-glare film is widely used in large-sized personal computers or screens because it can be manufactured at a relatively low cost. Such an anti-glare film is, for example, applied to a substrate sheet by dispersing a resin solution in which the entangled material is dispersed, and the ruthenium is exposed from the surface of the coating film by adjusting the thickness of the coating film. It is produced by a method of forming random irregularities on a sheet or the like. However, 'the anti-glare film produced by dispersing the enthalpy' has an influence on the arrangement or shape of the concavities and convexities depending on the state of dispersion or the state of application of the entangled material in the resin solution, and therefore It is difficult to obtain the unevenness in the expected state, and in the case where the haze is low, a sufficient anti-glare effect cannot be obtained. Further, when such an anti-glare film of the prior art is disposed on the surface of the image display device, the entire surface of the display surface is whitened by the diffused light, and the display is turbid, that is, the so-called whitening occurs. Happening. In addition, the surface of the image display device and the surface of the anti-glare film interfere with each other, and the unevenness of the surface of the image display device interferes with each other. As a result, a luminance distribution is generated, which makes it difficult to visualize, that is, it is easy. A so-called blinking phenomenon occurs. In order to solve the glare phenomenon, although it is attempted to provide a refractive index difference between the adhesive resin and the dispersed filler to diffuse light, when such an anti-glare film is applied to an image display device, due to diffusion of light, When the black color is displayed, the brightness is increased, and as a result, the contrast is lowered, and the visibility is remarkably lowered. On the other hand, it has been attempted to achieve anti-glare property by the fact that it does not contain the ruthenium and only by the fine unevenness formed at the surface of the transparent resin layer -6-200907398. For example, in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2002-189106 (Patent Document 1), it is disclosed that the ionizing radiation curable resin is held between the embossing mold and the transparent resin film, and in this state, the ionizing radiation hardening is performed. The resin is hardened, whereby the average thickness of the three-dimensional 1 〇 point is formed, and the average distance between the adjacent convex portions on the three-dimensional thickness reference surface respectively satisfies the fine ridges of the specific 値, and then The ionizing radiation curable resin layer on which the irregularities are formed is provided on the transparent resin film to obtain an antiglare film. In this document, it is described that it is preferable to use a cylinder which is chrome-plated on the surface of iron, and to form a concave-convex surface for embossing by a sandblasting method or a bead method. Further, it is also described that it is preferable to apply a chrome plating or the like to the durability of the surface on which the irregularities are formed, in order to improve the durability of the film. And corrosion prevention. In the production method of such an embossing cylinder, since blasting or beading is performed on the chromium plating having high hardness, it is difficult to form the unevenness, and it is difficult to precisely control the shape of the formed unevenness. Further, as described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2004-29672 (Patent Document 2), chromium plating is often dependent on the material and shape of the substrate, so that the surface becomes rough and is sandblasted. On the formed irregularities, fine cracking due to chromium plating occurs, and therefore, it is difficult to know what kind of irregularities are to be formed. Further, since there is a fine chipping due to chrome plating, the anti-glare film finally obtained may have a diffusion property which changes in an undesired direction. For example, JP-A-2004-29240 (Patent Document 3) or Japanese Patent Publication No. 2004-29240 (Patent Document 3) is disclosed as a method for producing a roller which is used in the production of a film having irregularities on the surface. Japanese Patent Publication No. 2004-90187 (Patent Document 4). In the former literature, a method of making an embossing cylinder by a bead blasting method is disclosed, and in the latter literature, it is revealed that: a metal plating layer is formed on the surface of the embossing cylinder, and metal plating is performed. The surface of the layer is subjected to mirror honing, and at the surface of the metal plating after the mirror honing, the ceramic blast is used to apply the blasting process, and further, the peening process is performed according to the need. The method of making an embossing cylinder. In the state where the blasting treatment is applied to the surface of the embossing cylinder, the distribution of the diameter of the blasting particles is caused by the distribution of the particle diameter of the blasting particles, and at the same time, the depth of the pit obtained by sand blasting is controlled. In order to be difficult, there is a problem that it is difficult to obtain a concave-convex shape excellent in anti-glare function with good reproducibility. In the Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei. No. 2006-53371 (Patent Document 5), the disclosure of the present invention discloses that: fine particles are projected on the surface of the honed metal to form irregularities, and no defects are applied thereto. An electric field nickel plating is used to form a mold, and the uneven surface of the mold is transferred onto the transparent resin film to produce an anti-glare film having low haze and excellent anti-glare properties. In addition, JP-A-2003-248101 (Patent Document 6) or JP-A-2002-126495 (Patent Document 7) is known as a document for specifying the intensity of the transmitted light of the anti-glare film. ). In the literature of the latter, it is disclosed that: an anti-glare anti-reflection film is a film having an anti-glare hard coating layer on a transparent support, and is emitted from the side of the transparent support - 08-073073 When the light is incident, the ratio (15 / I 〇) of the amount of light (15 ) that is diffused in the direction inclined by 5° with respect to the amount of straight light (1 〇) in the transmitted light is 3.5% or more, and is relatively The ratio (12 〇 / 1 〇) of the amount of light (12 〇) diffused in the direction inclined by 20° in the amount of direct light transmitted through the transmitted light (1 〇) is 0.1% or less. In the latter document, it is revealed that the diffusion angle of the intensity of the diffused light is 0.1 to 10°, and the total light transmittance is 70 to 100% of the anti-glare film. Even with the anti-glare film disclosed in the above documents, it is difficult to maintain high contrast particularly in the case of being suitable for use in a high-definition image display device. The present invention provides a method for preventing the deterioration of visibility due to whitening while exhibiting excellent anti-glare performance, and does not cause glare when disposed on the surface of a high-definition image display device. In this case, an anti-glare film having a high contrast is realized, and an anti-glare polarizing plate and an image display device to which the anti-glare film is applied are provided. The present inventors have made an effort to solve the above problems, and as a result, it has been found that when an anti-glare film having an anti-glare layer having a fine uneven surface is formed on a transparent support, light is used. When the incident angle is 20° from the transparent support side, the relative diffused light intensity T ( 2 0 ) at the normal direction of the anti-glare layer side is made specific, and when the light is from the transparent support side When the incident angle is 30°, the relative diffused light intensity T ( 30 ) at the normal direction of the anti-glare layer is made specific, and the astigmatism can be sufficiently prevented from being applied to the image display device. At the same time, the contrast is almost never reduced. Further, it has been found that in the anti-glare film, when light is incident from the side of the anti-glare layer at an incident angle of 30, the reflection angle is 3 〇. -9- 200907398 The reflectance R(30), the reflection angle R (4〇) of the reflection angle of 40°, and the reflectance R ( 5 0 ) of the reflection angle of 50 ° become the specific flaws, respectively. It is more effective in preventing glare and effectively preventing whitening. The present invention has been completed based on such knowledge and further various reviews. [Embodiment] In the anti-glare film of the present invention, an anti-glare layer having a fine uneven surface is formed on the transparent support, and the light is from the transparent support side. When incident at an incident angle of 20°, the relative diffused light intensity T ( 20 ) at the normal direction of the anti-glare layer side is 0.000 1 °/. Above 0.00 0 5 %, when the light is incident from the transparent support side at an incident angle of 30 °, the relative diffused light intensity T ( 30 ) at the normal direction of the anti-glare layer side is 0. 0 0 0 0 4 % or more 〇〇〇 2 5% or less. In the anti-glare film, it is generally preferred that when the light is incident from the side of the anti-glare layer at an incident angle of 30°, the reflectance R ( 30 ) of the reflection angle of 30° is 0·0 5 % or more. 2 % or less, the reflectance R ( 4 0 ) of the reflection angle of 40 ° is 0 · 0 0 0 1 % or more and 0.0 0 5 % or less, and the reflectance R ( 5 0 ) of the reflection angle of 50 ° is 0.0 0 . 0 0 1 % or more 〇〇〇 〇〇〇 5% or less. Further, it is generally preferred that when the light is incident perpendicularly to the antiglare film, the surface haze is 〇. 1% or more and 5% or less, and the total haze is 5% or more and 25% or less. . The anti-glare film can be set to reflect at a light incident of -10 200907398 at an angle of 45° when three types of optical combs having a width of 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm in the dark portion and the bright portion are used. The sum of the vividness is _40% or less. Further, it is preferable that the anti-glare film has an arithmetic mean height Pa of 0·05 μm or more and 0.2 μm or less at a cross-sectional curve of the uneven surface constituting the anti-glare layer, and the maximum cross-sectional height Pt is 〇. .2μιη or more Ιμηι or less, the average length PSm is 15 μm or more and 30 μηι or less. Further, it is preferable that the uneven surface constituting the antiglare layer is in a region of 200 μm χ 200 μm, and has 50 or more convex portions of one or less, and the apex of the convex portion is used as a mother point. When the surface is subjected to Voronoi tessellation, the average area of the polygonal formed is ΙΟΟμπι2 or more and 1 〇〇〇μπΐ2 or less. The antiglare layer in the antiglare film is preferably formed by transferring through a mold having a concave-convex surface to form surface unevenness. Further, the antiglare layer is preferably as follows: an average particle diameter of 5 μm or more and 15 μm or less is contained in the weight portion of the binder resin, and the difference in refractive index between the binder and the binder resin is 0.01 to 0.06 or less of the fine particles 1 to 100 parts by weight 'and further' the fine particles are completely buried in the antiglare layer, and the fine particles do not affect the uneven shape of the surface. In this anti-glare film, a low-reflection film can be formed at the uneven surface of the anti-glare layer. The anti-glare film of the present invention can be combined with a polarizing element made of a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin to form an anti-glare polarizing plate. Specifically, the anti-glare polarizing plate is a structure in which the transparent support side of the anti-glare film is bonded to a polarizing element. -11 - 200907398 Further, the anti-glare film of the present invention or an anti-glare polarizing plate can be combined with an image display element such as a liquid crystal display element or a plasma display panel, and is used as an image display device. In the image display device according to the present invention, the anti-glare film or the anti-glare polarizing plate and the image display means are provided, and the anti-glare film or the anti-glare polarizing plate is It is placed on the side of the image display device. [Embodiment] Next, a suitable embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail. The anti-glare film of the present invention is characterized in that an anti-glare layer having a fine uneven surface is formed on a transparent support, and when light is incident from the transparent support side at an incident angle 2CT, The relative diffused light intensity τ ( 20 ) observed at the normal direction of the anti-glare layer is 0.000 1 % or more and 0.0005% or less. When light is incident from the transparent support side at an incident angle of 30°, it is prevented. The relative diffused light intensity T (30) observed at the normal direction of the side of the glare layer is 00 0 0 0 04% or more and 0.0 0 0 2 5 % or less. Further, in order to exhibit excellent anti-glare performance and to effectively suppress whitening, it is generally desirable to have a reflection angle of 30° when light is incident from an anti-glare layer side at an incident angle of 30°. The reflectance R ( 30 ) is 0. 05% or more and 2% or less, and the reflectance R ( 40 ) of the reflection angle of 40° is 0.000 1 % or more and 0 · 0 0 5 % or less, and the reflectance of the reflection angle is 50°. R ( 5 0 ) is 0 · 0 0 0 0 1 % or more 0 · 0 〇〇 5 % or less. [Relative diffused light intensity] -12- 200907398 First, the incident angle 20 is taken from the side of the transparent support. In the case of the light, and the incident angle of 30. When the light is incident, the relative diffused light intensities T ( 2 0 ) and T ( ) at the normal direction of the glare layer side will be described. Fig. 1' is a direction in which the light is incident and transmitted when the light is incident from the side of the transparent support (opposite to the concave-convex surface) and the intensity of the diffused light at the normal direction of the anti-glare layer is measured. A perspective view of the direction in which the intensity of the diffused light is measured. Referring to this figure, the light 1 3 which is incident from the normal line 1 at a certain angle φ (referred to as incidence) at the support side of the anti-glare film 1 1 is measured on the normal side of the anti-glare layer side. The intensity of the diffused light 14 passing through the direction 2 is divided by the intensity of the transmitted diffused light by the intensity of the light, and the enthalpy is set to the relative diffused light intensity Τ ( φ ). Further, when the incident light 13 is incident on the transparent support side of the anti-glare film 1 1 at an angle of 2 0 · from the normal line, the light is observed in the normal direction 1 2 of the anti-glare layer side. The intensity of 1 4 is divided by the light intensity of the light source, which is Τ ( 20 ), and when on the transparent support side of the anti-glare film 1 1 , the incident light is incident at an angle of 30° from the normal line. When the intensity of the emitted light 14 observed in the anti-glare layer side direction 1 2 is divided by the intensity of the light source, it is Τ ( 30 ). When the relative diffused light intensity Τ ( 20 ) at 20° is more than 0.0005%, when the anti-glare film is applied to an image display device, the brightness of the black display is increased due to the diffused light. It is not ideal because the pair is lowered. Moreover, when the relative diffusion illuminance 20 (20) at the time of injection at 20° is less than 0.000 1%, the diffusion effect is the off-line of the penetration-through angle source of the 30-side side. The ratio is lower than -13,073,073. When it is applied to a high-definition image display device, it is glaring, so it is not ideal. Similarly, when the relative diffused light intensity T (30 ) at the time of injection at 30° exceeds 〇.25%, the anti-glare film is applied to the image display device, It is not preferable to diffuse the light so that the brightness at the time of black display rises and the contrast is lowered. Further, when the relative diffused light intensity T (30) at the time of injection at 30° is less than 0.00004%, the diffusion effect is also low, and when applied to a high-definition image display device, glare is generated. Therefore, it is also not ideal. In particular, when the anti-glare film is applied to a non-self-luminous type liquid crystal display, the effect of brightness increase due to diffusion due to light leakage during black display is large, and therefore, the relative diffused light intensity is When T(20) and T(30) exceed the requirements of the present invention, the contrast is significantly reduced, resulting in lossy visibility. For example, the above-mentioned patent document 6 (JP-A-2003-24 8101) or Patent Document 7 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2004-126495) is hereby incorporated by reference. However, both of them are different from the diffusion characteristics defined in the present invention, and when applied to an image display device, it cannot be said that a high contrast can be sufficiently achieved and a glare is suppressed. 2 is a relative diffused light intensity (logarithmic scale) measured by changing the incident angle Φ incident from the transparent support side of the anti-glare film 1 in FIG. 1 with respect to the incident angle 4 An example of a chart drawn. There is also a graph showing the relationship between the incident angle and the relative diffused light intensity, or the relative diffusion at each incident angle from which it can be read. The situation. As shown in this figure, the relative diffused light intensity tends to decrease as the angle from the normal direction of the incident light 1 3 is shifted at the incident angle 〇°. Further, the positive (+) angle of the incident angle is centered in the normal direction (〇°) and passes through the diffusion distribution through the inclination of the incident light in the surface 19 including the direction 13 and the normal 1 2 . It is usually symmetrical about the incident angle 〇°. In the example of the transmission diffusion distribution shown in Fig. 2, the relative diffused light intensity τ ( 0 ) ' is about 3 〇 %, and when it is incident at 20 °, the relative diffused light intensity T ( 20 0.0002%, when 30 ° Relative diffused light intensity T at incidence (approx. 0.0 0 0 4 %. When determining the relative diffused light intensity of the anti-glare film, the relative diffused light intensity below 0.00 1 % is used with good precision. A detector having a wide dynamic range is effective. For example, a commercially available optical power meter or the like can be used, and an aperture (Aperture) is disposed in front of the detector of the power meter, and the angle of the anti-glare film is 20°. The variable angle photometer is used for the incident light, and a visible light source of 380 to 780 mm can be used, and the latter can be used to emit the latter from a light source such as a halogen lamp, or a monochromatic degree such as a laser can be used. In order to prevent the film from being bent, it is preferable to measure the transparent adhesive so that the uneven surface is on the surface of the glass substrate. The table is generally 値, and if it is diffused Light intensity is negative (1), there is incident light The set makers. Heart, and presenting, a peak at 0 ° incidence Zhi shown), the range of about 30) into the system as necessary to the measurement system. As such a test can be used in this light to make a look: line measurement. The light is used as the quasi-light source as the measured light and is bonded in parallel with the optical property. -15-200907398 [reflectivity at the time of injection at 30 °] Next 'for the angle of incidence 30 from the side of the anti-glare layer . To illustrate the reflectivity at each angle when the light is incident. Fig. 3 is a perspective view schematically showing an incident direction and a reflection direction of light from the side of the anti-glare layer of the anti-glare film in order to obtain the reflectance. Referring to this figure, it is separated from the normal line 1 2 3 0 with respect to the side of the anti-glare layer of the anti-glare film 1 1 . The incident light 15 incident at an angle is a reflection angle of 30°, that is, a reflectance of the reflected light in the normal reflection direction 16 (that is, a regular reflectance), and is R (30). Further, 'the reflected light at any reflection angle 以 is represented by the symbol 17'. The direction of the reflected light when measuring the reflectance is set to be in the direction 15 containing the incident light. Inside the face 19 of the normal 12. Further, the reflectance in the direction toward the reflection angle of 40° is R (40), and the reflectance in the direction toward the reflection angle of 50° is R (50). In the anti-glare film of the present invention, it is 30 with respect to the incident angle. The incident light and the reflectance in the direction of the reflection angle of 30 °, that is, the regular reflectance R (3 〇 ) are preferably 0.05% or more and 2% or less. Also, the reflection angle is 40. The reflectance of the direction R ( 4 0 ) is 0 · 〇〇〇 1 % or more 〇〇 〇〇 5% or less is ideal; the reflectance in the direction of the reflection angle of 50 ° is R ( 5 0 ), It is ideal to be 0.00 0 0 1 % or more and 0 · 0 0 0 5 % or less. If the positive reflectance R (30) exceeds 2%, a sufficient anti-glare function cannot be obtained, and the visibility is lowered. On the other hand, if the regular reflectance R (30) is too small, there is a tendency for whitening to occur, and therefore, it is preferably 0.05% or more. The positive reflectance R (30) is preferably 1.5% to -16 to 200907398, and particularly preferably 0.7% or less. In addition, if it exceeds 0 · 0 0 5 % and R ( 5 0 ) exceeds 0.00 0 5 %, whitening is prevented in the anti-glare, and the visibility is lowered. That is, for example, when the anti-glare film is placed on the front side of the display device, the black display is performed, and the light from the surroundings is also picked up, and the whitening state of the entire whitening tends to occur. Therefore, R ((5 0) is ideal for not becoming too large. On the other hand, if the reflectance at the degree is too small, it will not show sufficient defense, R ( 40 ) is generally o.oool % The above is ideal. Generally, it is ideal for 0 _ 0 0 0 0 1 % or more. R ( 5 0 ) 0.0 0 0 1 % or less. Figure 4 ' is to be thinner than anti-glare in Figure 3. g is the side of the layer, and the angle of reflection and the reflectance of the incident light 1 1 7 incident at an angle of 30 ° from the normal (the reflectance is a logarithmic scale) is an example of the table. The graph with reflection, or each reflection angle that can be read from it, is called the reflection distribution. As shown in this graph, the general R (30) is the shot with respect to 30°. The peak 値' of the light incident has a tendency to decrease the reflectance from the direction of the regular reflection. The reflectance R (30) of the reflection distribution shown in Fig. 4 is about 〇· 2 %, R ( 4 0 ) is about (5 0 ) is about 〇 〇〇〇〇 5%. According to the investigation by the inventors, most of the current anti-glare films are In order to disperse the sputum: R ( 40 ) ultra-thin film will produce 'even if the display surface makes the display surface 4 〇) and R is glare at these angles, so R ( 50) is more desirable The reflectance at the relationship between the graphs of the reflection light of the anti-glare 5 of Mo U, and the reflectance of the positive reflectance of .5 are offset. In the example, 0.000 4% 'R is produced on the market. In the anti-glare film of -17-200907398, the relative diffused light intensity T ( 20 ) is 0.000 1 % or more and 0.0005% or less when injected at 20°, and the relative diffused light is incident when 30° is incident. The strength T (30) is 0.00004 ° /. Above 0.00025%, the system does not exist. Further, in addition to such transmission and diffusion characteristics, the regular reflectance R (30) is 0.05% or more and 2% or less, and the reflectance R (40) of the reflection angle of 40° is 0.000 1 % or more and 0.005% or less, and the reflection angle is The reflectance R ( 5 0 ) of 50 ° is 0.0 0 0 0 1 % or more 0. 〇〇〇 5 % or less, it does not exist. As a result, there is no glare, and high contrast is exhibited, and a sufficient anti-glare property is exhibited without a whitening anti-glare film, which does not exist. On the other hand, it is understood that the antiglare film specified by the present invention exhibits sufficient antiglare properties and also suppresses whitening, and has excellent performance. When the reflectance of the antiglare film is measured, it is the same as the relative diffused light intensity, and it is necessary to measure the reflectance of 0.001% or less with good precision. Here, it is effective to use a detector having a wide dynamic range. As such a detector, for example, a commercially available optical power meter or the like can be used, and an aperture (Aperture) can be disposed in front of the detector of the optical power meter, and an angle of 20° can be used for making the anti-glare film. A variable angle photometer was used for the measurement. For the incident light, a visible light of 380 to 780 mm can be used as a light source for measurement, and the light emitted from a light source such as a halogen lamp can be collimated, and the latter can also be used. A monochromatic light source such as a laser has a high parallelism. In the case where the back surface is a smooth and transparent anti-glare film, since the reflection from the back surface of the anti-glare film affects the measurement flaw, for example, it is made of a black acrylic resin sheet. -18- 200907398 It is desirable to be able to adhere only to the outermost surface of the anti-glare film with 'adhesive or water or liquid such as glycerin.' [Haze] Further, it is preferable that the anti-glare film of the present invention is effective in suppressing glare in order to prevent whitening and fine image display devices: 5% or less is applied to the surface haze of the vertical incident light. The full haze is 5% or more and 25% or less. The anti-fogging degree can be distinguished from the surface haze and the internal haze according to the method shown in JIS K 7136, as long as the haze is approximated to 0 at the uneven surface after the measurement. Attach it to measure the internal haze, and then use the following formula to find the degree. Surface haze = overall haze - internal haze The haze attached to the uneven surface of the anti-glare film approximates the film, and the haze measured in this state is almost all due to the convex surface haze Offset, therefore, the facts are considered to represent internal haze. The transparency as a haze of approximately 0 is not particularly limited as long as the haze is small, for example, a sour fiber film or the like. When the surface haze exceeds 5%, whitening occurs and the optical luminosity is measured. For high application, the following is taken as 1% of the glare film. The whole haze film can be removed by glycerin removal surface fog 0 transparent thinner than the original concave system, as long as the tendency to use triacetate is -19-200907398 strong 'when less than 0.1% At the time, it does not show sufficient anti-glare properties, so it is not ideal. Further, if the total haze is 5% or more, it is desirable because the glare phenomenon can be effectively removed. However, if the full haze exceeds 25%, then when applied to an image display device, the result is darkened by the image, and the visibility is impaired, which is not preferable. [Reflective clarity] Further, the anti-glare film of the present invention is preferably used as follows: It is preferable to use three types of optical combs having a width of 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2,0 mm in the dark portion and the bright portion. The sum of the reflection sharpness measured by the incident angle of light of 45 ° is _40% or less. The reflectance is measured by the method specified in JIS K 7105. In this specification, as the optical comb used in the measurement of the sharpness, it is defined that the width ratio of the dark portion to the bright portion is 1:1, and the width is 0.125 mm, 0.5 mm, and l. Ornm and 4 of 2.0mm. In the case where a light comb having a width of Ο 1 2 5 mm is used, in the anti-glare film defined by the present invention, since the error of the measurement enthalpy becomes large, it is assumed that The measurement 値 in the case of using a light comb having a width of 0.125 mm is added to the sum, and the measurement is performed using three types of optical combs having a width of 0 · 5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2 · 0 mm. The sum of the sharpness is called the reflection sharpness. The maximum 反射 of the reflection sharpness caused by this definition is 30,000%. If the reflection sharpness caused by this definition is more than 40%, the image such as a light source is clearly reflected, and the anti-glare property is deteriorated, which is not preferable. However, if the reflection sharpness is 40% or less, it is difficult to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the anti-glare property only by the reflection of -20-200907398. This is because, when the reflection sharpness due to the above definition is 40% or less, the respective reflection sharpness measured by using three types of optical combs having widths of 〇5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm is used. The system is only about 10%, and the reflection of the reflection sharpness caused by measurement errors and the like cannot be ignored. Therefore, in the present invention, the anti-glare film having a reflection sharpness of 40% or less is preferably defined by the relative diffused light intensity, and more preferably by the reflectance when it is incident with 30°. The combination is used as an index for appropriately evaluating the antiglare performance of the antiglare film. [Surface shape] Next, the surface shape at the uneven surface of the antiglare layer of the antiglare film will be described. The anti-glare film of the present invention is intended to more effectively suppress the glare phenomenon, and to make the texture when viewed by visual observation uniform, and to be a concave-convex surface shape factor to satisfy one or both of the following The conditions are ideal. (1) The arithmetic mean height Pa of the cross-sectional curve constituting the uneven surface of the anti-glare layer is 〇.5 μm or more and 0·2 μm or less, and the maximum cross-sectional height Pt is 〇·2 μηι or more and Ιμηη or less, and the average length thereof is The PSm system is 15 μηι or more and 30 μιη or less. (2) The uneven surface constituting the antiglare layer is provided with 50 or more convex portions of 50 or less in a region of 20 μm χ 200 μm. (3) When the apex of the convex portion constituting the concave-convex surface of the anti-glare layer is used as the mother point 'and the surface is sealed for the Voronoi tessellation -21 - 200907398, the average area of the polygon formed is It is 1〇〇μηι2 or more ΙΟΟΟμιη2 or less. First, the arithmetic average height Pa, the maximum sectional height Pt, and the average length Psm at the cross-sectional curve constituting the uneven surface of the anti-glare layer will be described. The reason for this is that the arithmetic mean height Pa is the same as the average thickness of the center line, as defined in JIS B 0601 (=ISO 4287). When the arithmetic mean height Pa at the cross-sectional curve of the uneven surface is less than 〇·〇5μηι, the surface of the anti-glare film is almost flat and does not exhibit sufficient anti-glare performance, which is not preferable. Further, when the arithmetic mean height Pa is larger than 0.2 μηι, the surface shape becomes thicker and whitens are generated, and when the appearance is visually observed, the texture becomes thicker, and therefore, the system is also not ideal. When the maximum cross-sectional height Pt at the profile curve of the concave-convex surface is less than 0.2 μm, the surface of the anti-glare film is almost flat and cannot exhibit sufficient anti-glare properties, so it is not ideal, and when the maximum profile is When the height Pt is larger than 1 μτη, the surface shape becomes thick, and problems such as whitening or a decrease in texture are caused, and therefore, it is not preferable. When the average length PSm at the cross-sectional curve of the uneven surface is less than 15 μm, it is not preferable because sufficient anti-glare property cannot be obtained. This is because if the average length PSm is too small, the peak of the unevenness (the surface inclination angle at this point can be considered to be almost 0°) is close to the system. Therefore, when visually observed, the image is imaged. The reason. Further, when the average length PSm is larger than 20 μm, the texture when the appearance is observed by -22-200907398 becomes thick, and therefore the system is not desirable. The arithmetic mean height Pa, the maximum profile height Pt, and the average length PSm at the profile curve of the concave-convex surface are determined in accordance with JIS B 0601, and can be measured using a commercially available contact surface roughness meter. Moreover, the surface shape can also be measured by a device such as a conjugate focal microscope, an interference microscope, or an atomic force microscope (AFM), and can be calculated by calculating the 3-dimensional information of the surface shape. It. Further, in the case of calculation from the three-dimensional information, in order to secure a sufficient reference length, it is preferable to measure three or more points in a region of 200 μm χ 200 μm or more, and it is preferable to use the average 値 as a measurement 値. Next, the number of convex portions observed on the uneven surface will be described. If the number of convex portions at the uneven surface is small, when it is combined with a high-definition image display device, it may cause glare due to interference with the pixels, making the image difficult to recognize. And the texture is worse, so it is not ideal. Further, if the number of the convex portions is excessive, as a result, the inclination angle of the surface uneven shape becomes steep, and whitening is easily caused. Here, at the surface of the uneven surface, at 200 μmη> In the region of <2()0μηι, it is preferable to have 50 or more and 100 or less convex portions. When the number of convex portions at the uneven surface of the anti-glare film is taken out, the surface shape can be measured by a device such as a conjugate focus microscope, an interference microscope, or an atomic force microscope, and each surface of the anti-glare film can be taken out. The 3-dimensional coordinate of the point is determined by the mechanism shown below, and the number is counted. That is, when paying attention to any point -23-200907398 on the surface of the anti-glare film, 'When there is no point above the point, the point is higher than the point of interest' and the point is When the elevation at the concave-convex surface is higher than the middle of the elevation of the highest point of the concave-convex surface and the elevation of the lowest point, the point is set as the apex of the convex portion, and the convex portion of the convex portion is thus obtained. The number of vertices is counted as the number of convexities. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, in general, at a point 2 1 on the surface of the anti-glare film, a radius 2 μιη which is parallel to the anti-glare film reference surface 23 is drawn around the point 21 In the case of a circle of 5 μηι, in the point on the surface 22 of the anti-glare film contained in the projection surface 24 of the circle, there is no point having an elevation higher than the point 2 1 of the point of interest, and the point is When the elevation at the concave-convex surface is higher than the middle of the elevation of the highest point of the concave-convex surface and the elevation of the lowest point, it is determined that the point 2 1 is the apex of the convex portion, and the number of convex portions is extracted. . In this case, the radius of the circle 24 is preferably such that it does not count the fine unevenness of the surface of the sample, and is preferably about 3 μm in order to make it a size that does not include a plurality of convex portions. In the measurement, in order to reduce the error, it is preferable to measure the region of 20 0 μπι 200 μιη by 3 or more points, and to use the average enthalpy as the measurement enthalpy. When a conjugated focus microscope is used, it is preferable to reduce the resolution by setting the magnification of the objective lens to about 50 times. This is because if the measurement is made with high resolution, the fine unevenness of the surface of the sample is also measured, and the counting of the convex portion is hindered. In addition, there are also the following reasons: If the objective lens is set to a low magnification, the resolution of the height direction will also reduce the measurement of the surface shape when the sample is less than five. Difficult. In this case, -24-07307398, after the measurement is performed by the high-magnification objective lens, the obtained data is low-pass filtered to discard the component having a high spatial frequency. Further, the small difference observed on the uneven surface becomes difficult to recognize, and then the number of the convex portions can be counted. Next, the average area of the polygonal shape formed will be described with respect to when the convex apex of the uneven surface is used as a mother point and the surface is subjected to voronoi tessellation. First, if the description is directed to the Molonot division, when a plurality of points (referred to as a mother point) are arranged on the plane, it is determined that the arbitrary point in the plane is closest to the parent point. When the plane is divided, the resulting map is called the Molono diagram, and the segmentation is called the Morono segmentation. In FIG. 6, the apex of the convex portion at the surface of the anti-glare film is taken as a mother point, and the surface is divided into a matrix of Molono, and the points of the four corners are the mother points. The polygons 27, 27, which contain each of the mother points, are regions formed by the partition of Molono and are called the Molonoyi region or the Morono Polygon. However, in the following, it is called a Molino Polygon. In the figure, the portions 28 and 28 which are covered with a light color are described later. In the Molono diagram, the number of mother points is consistent with the number of Molonoyi regions. In this manner, the average area of the Molino Polygon formed by the Molinoyi division with the apex of the convex portion as the mother point is preferably ΙΟΟμηη2 or more and 1〇〇〇μιη2 or less. When the average area at this time is less than 100 μm 2 , the inclination angle of the surface of the anti-glare film becomes steep, and as a result, the whitening system becomes easy to occur, which is not preferable. Further, • 25-200907398 When the average area of the Molino Polygon is thicker than the surface shape of the ΙΟΟΟμιη2 ′, the surface shape is likely to be deteriorated, which is not preferable. When the Molino polygon obtained by dividing the molino of the convex portion on the surface of the anti-glare film is taken out, it can be obtained by a device such as a conjugate focal microscope or an interference microscope (AFM). The surface shape was measured, and the 3-dimensional coordinates of each point on the surface of the film were subjected to the Molonoyi division to extract the Molino poly. That is, the apex of the convex portion on the surface of the anti-glare film is taken out according to the previous description with reference to Fig. 5, and the succeeding apex is projected on the reference surface of the anti-glare film. Then, all the 3D coordinates obtained by the measurement are all projected, and all the points projected by the subordinates belong to the parent point, and the Molonoyi division is performed, and then the number is extracted. The area of the angle is taken, and the Molonoy is taken out. In the measurement, in order to reduce the error, the number of the previous convex portions is adjacent to the measured Molino Polygon. However, when the average area is obtained, the measurement error is not counted, and the number is 200 μm χ 200 μm. The measurement above is based on the average enthalpy as the measurement 値. It is as described in the previous section. Generally, the apex of the convex portion of the anti-glare film is used as the mother point. Lonuo Yitu. Most of the maternal points exist. 26. The larger the case is glaring, and the texture point is the average area of the shape of the mother point, the atomic force microscopy and the mechanism of the anti-glare is taken to shape the average area mechanism. First, The convex portion is defined by the boundary of the average field of the shape obtained by dividing the surface shape by the surface shape on the reference surface. In addition, in order to reduce the domain to 3 points to see Figure 6, the exhibition is Molonoyi division 2 6, is the anti-glare -26-200907398 film convex apex 'by 旲 诺 依 分割 division, for 1 The mother point 2 6 ' is assigned a Morono Poly 2 7 . In the figure, the Molino Polygons 28 and 28 which are adjacent to the boundary of the field of view and are colored in a light color are generally not counted in the calculation of the average area as described above. In addition, in this figure, 'for a part of the mother point and the Molino Poly polygon, there is a pull-out line and a symbol'. However, there is a majority of the mother point and the Molino Polygonal system. The above description and this figure should be easily understood. [Transparent support and antiglare layer] The antiglare film of the present invention is formed by an antiglare layer having a fine uneven surface on a transparent support. The transparent support is formed by supporting an antiglare layer having a concave-convex surface as a support, and is substantially transparent and transparent. As an example of the transparent support, there are exemplified by cellulose triacetate, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, and a Norbornene compound as a monomer. A solvent cast film or a stretched film formed of a thermoplastic resin such as an amorphous cyclic polyolefin. The antiglare layer is formed on the transparent support as a layer to which surface irregularities satisfying the general diffusion characteristics as described above are provided. Such an anti-glare film can also be coated on a transparent support by a resin solution in which the entangled material is dispersed, which is used in the prior art, and the entangled material is adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the coating film. The surface of the coating film is exposed to be formed by a method of forming random irregularities on the transparent support. However, it is preferable that -27 - 200907398 is a surface on which an anti-glare layer is formed by transfer from a mold having a concave-convex surface. Bump. Further, the anti-glare layer is generally preferably formed to have an average particle diameter of 5 μm or more and 15 μm or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin, and the refractive index difference between the adhesive resin and the adhesive resin is 〇·〇. The fine particles of 0 to 10 or less are 10 to 100 parts by weight, and further, the fine particles are completely buried in the antiglare layer, and the fine particles do not affect the uneven shape of the surface. In this manner, by independently controlling the surface unevenness of the surface and the internal diffusion of the anti-glare film, it is possible to separate the surface unevenness shape of the anti-glare film which mainly determines the reflection characteristics from the composition of the anti-glare layer which mainly determines the transmission characteristics. Control. As a result, the above optical characteristics can be easily achieved. The formation of such an anti-glare layer will be described in detail later. The anti-glare film of the present invention can exhibit a sufficient anti-glare function even when it does not have a low-reflection film on the outermost surface (that is, on the uneven surface side), but it can also be at the outermost surface. It is used in a state in which a low-reflection film is attached. The low-reflection film can be formed by providing a layer of a lower refractive index material having a lower refractive index than the anti-glare layer. Specific examples of such a low refractive index material include lithium fluoride (LiF), magnesium fluoride (MgF 2 ), and aluminum fluoride in a propylene resin or an epoxy resin. (A1F3), inorganic low-reflection materials made of fine particles of inorganic materials such as cryolite (3NaF · A1F3 or N^AIF6); and fluorine-based or lanthanide organic compounds, thermoplastic resins, thermosetting An organic low-reflection material such as a resin or an ultraviolet curable resin. [Manufacturing method of mold for producing anti-glare film] -28-200907398 Next, a method suitable for producing the anti-glare film of the present invention. And a method of producing a mold for obtaining the anti-glare film on which the surface is formed with irregularities will be described. In the anti-glare film of the present invention, the uneven surface of the mold can be transferred onto the transparent resin film by using a mold having irregularities formed with a specific shape, and the transparent resin film to which the uneven surface is transferred can be removed from The method of stripping the mold to facilitate the manufacture. More specifically, it is manufactured by applying copper plating or nickel plating at the surface of the metal, and honing the plating surface, and then causing the fine particles to impinge on the honing surface. Forming the unevenness and applying a process of passivating the uneven shape, and then applying chromium plating to the uneven surface to form a mold, and transferring the uneven surface of the mold to the resin coated on the transparent support, followed by The resin to which the unevenness is transferred is peeled off from the mold together with the transparent support. In this method, in order to obtain a mold having irregularities, copper plating or nickel plating is applied to the surface of the metal, and the plating surface is honed and then the fine particles are caused to impinge on the honing surface to form The unevenness is applied, and the process of passivating the uneven shape is applied, and then chrome plating is applied to the uneven surface to form a mold. First, at the surface of the metal substrate on which the fine particles are formed to form irregularities and further the chromium plating layer is formed, copper plating or nickel plating is applied. In this manner, by applying copper plating or nickel plating to the surface of the metal constituting the mold, the adhesion or gloss of the chromium plating in the subsequent work can be improved. When chrome plating is applied to the surface of iron or the like, or when the surface is formed by blasting or bead blasting at the surface of the galvanic ore, and chrome plating is applied again, it is like the prior art. In general, as described in -29-200907398, the surface thereof is liable to become rough and to cause fine chipping, which may cause an undesired influence on the shape of the anti-glare film. On the other hand, it has been found that such a problem can be eliminated by applying copper plating or nickel plating at the surface. This is because copper plating or nickel plating has high coating properties and strong smoothing effect. Therefore, the small irregularities or pits of the metal substrate are buried to form a flat and lustrous The reason for the surface. Through the characteristics of such copper plating and nickel electrowinning, it is presumed that the roughness of the surface caused by the minute irregularities or pits existing in the metal substrate is eliminated, and, due to copper plating or nickel plating. The coating system is high, so it is conceivable that the generation of fine cracks is reduced. The so-called copper or nickel can be set as a separate pure metal, or copper as the main body. The alloy is either an alloy mainly composed of nickel. Therefore, the meaning of copper referred to in this specification includes copper and copper alloys, and the meaning of nickel includes nickel and nickel alloys. Copper plating and nickel plating can be carried out by electrolytic plating or electroless plating, respectively, but electrolytic plating is usually employed. As a metal suitable for constituting a mold, aluminum or iron can be cited from the viewpoint of cost. Further, from the viewpoint of handling convenience, it is more preferable to use light aluminum. The so-called aluminum or iron may be a pure metal or an alloy mainly composed of aluminum or iron. Applying copper plating or nickel plating to the surface of the metal substrate, and further honing the plated surface to obtain a smoother and glossy surface, and then causing the particles to impinge on the surface to form Fine irregularities are applied, and the process of passivating the uneven shape of -30-200907398 is applied, and then chromium plating is applied thereto to form a mold. When copper plating or nickel plating is applied, if the plating layer is too thin, the influence of the base metal cannot be completely eliminated. Therefore, the thickness is preferably ΙΟμπι or more. Although the upper limit of the thickness of the plating layer does not exist, there is no limit. However, since the system is also related to the cost, it is generally sufficient if it is about 500 μm. The shape of the mold may be a flat metal plate, or a cylindrical or cylindrical metal drum. If a mold is produced using a metal roll, the anti-glare film can be produced in a continuous roll shape. Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing an engineering mode display until a mold is obtained, taking a case where a flat plate is used as an example. Fig. 7(A) shows a section of a substrate to which copper plating or nickel plating is applied, and mirror honing is applied. At the surface of the metal substrate 31, a plating layer 32 is formed. This surface is the honing surface 33. Concavities and convexities are formed by impinging fine particles at the surface of the electroplated layer 32 after such mirror honing. Fig. 7(B) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the substrate 31 after the impact of the fine particles, and by the impact of the fine particles, a partially spherical concave surface 34° is formed, which is shown in Fig. 7(C). A cross-sectional schematic view of the substrate 31 after the irregularities are passivated is applied to the surface on which the irregularities are formed by the fine particles, and (C1) is a state in which the substrate is passivated by etching. (C2) is a state in which the passivation is performed by copper plating. Further, in (C 1 ), a state of a partial spherical concave surface corresponding to the state of -31 - 200907398 (B) before passivation by uranium engraving is shown by a broken line. In the example in which the etching treatment is employed in (C1), the concave surface 34 and the acute-angled projection shown in (B) are flattened by etching, and are formed with acute-angled projections on a part of the spherical surface. Passivated shape 3 6a. On the other hand, in the case of (C2) using copper plating, on the concave surface 34 shown in (B), a copper electrode layer 35 is formed, whereby a partial spherical surface is formed. The sharp-angled protrusions passivate the shape 3 6b. Then, by applying chromium plating, the uneven shape of the surface is further passivated. Fig. 7(D) is a cross-sectional pattern diagram after chrome plating is applied, and (D1) is a chrome plating applied on the uneven surface 36a which is passivated by etching as shown in (C1). The latter, and (D2), is the chrome plating of the copper plating layer 35 shown in (C2). In the example in which the etching treatment from (C 1 ) to (D 1 ) is employed, a chromium plating layer 37 is formed on the surface 36a in a state in which it is passivated by etching as shown by (C 1 ). The surface 38 is in a state of being more passivated by the electrolytic plating than the uneven surface 36a of (C1), in other words, in a state in which the uneven shape is relaxed. Further, in the case of using copper plating from (C2) to (D2), a copper plating layer is formed on the fine concave surface of the substrate 31 formed on the copper or the nickel plating layer 32. 35, and further, a chromium plating layer 37 is formed thereon, and the surface 38 is in a state of being more passivated than the uneven surface 36b of (C2), in other words, a state in which the uneven shape is relaxed. In this manner, after the fine particles are struck against the copper or the surface of the nickel plating layer 32 to form irregularities, a process of passivating the uneven shape is applied, and on the surface 36 (36a or -32-200907398 is 3 6b) In the above, chrome plating is applied, whereby a mold having substantially no flat portion can be obtained. Further, such a mold is suitable for use in an anti-glare film for obtaining desired optical characteristics. In the plating layer made of copper or nickel on the substrate, the fine particles are struck in a state where the surface is honed, but it is particularly preferable to honing it to a state close to the mirror surface. This is because the metal plate or the metal roll that becomes the substrate is subjected to machining such as cutting or boring in order to achieve the desired accuracy, and the surface of the substrate remains due to the processing. Processing traces. Even in the state where copper plating or nickel plating is applied, there are cases where the processing marks remain, and the surface does not necessarily become completely smooth after the plating. In the state in which the deep processing marks remain, even if the surface of the substrate is deformed by the impact of the fine particles, the unevenness of the processing marks and the like may be deeper than the irregularities formed by the fine particles, and the processing may be performed. Traces, etc. affect the possibility of residue. When an anti-glare film is produced by using such a mold, there is a case where the optical characteristics are unpredictably affected. The method of honing the surface of the substrate to which the electric wave is applied is not particularly limited, and any of mechanical honing, electrolytic honing, and chemical honing may be used. As the mechanical honing method, there are exemplified by a super finish method, a fluid honing method, a buffing wheel honing method, and the like. The surface roughness after honing is expressed by the average thickness of the center line. It is ideal for 0. 5μιη or less. Ίμιη The following is more ideal. If Ra becomes too large, even if it hits the fine particles and deforms the surface of the metal, -33-200907398 may have the possibility of residual surface roughness before deformation, so it is not desirable. Further, the lower limit of Ra is not particularly limited, and since there is a limit in terms of processing time and workability, there is no need for special designation. As a method of impinging fine particles on a substrate to which an electroplated surface is applied, a jet processing method is suitably used. In the jet processing method, there are a sandblasting method, a beading method, a liquid blasting method, and the like. As the particles used in such processing, it is preferable to have a shape close to a spherical shape as compared with a shape having an acute angle, and a hard material which does not cause breakage and sharp angle during processing. The particles are ideal. As the particles satisfying such conditions, spherical zirconium beads or aluminum oxide beads are suitably used in the ceramic-based particles. Further, among the metal-based particles, it is preferable to use steel or stainless steel beads. Further, particles in which ceramic or metal particles are held in a resin binder can also be used. As the particles which collide with the surface to which the plating is applied to the substrate, it is preferable to use an average particle diameter of 1 〇 to 150 μm, and it is more preferable to use spherical fine particles, whereby it is possible to produce An anti-glare film exhibiting excellent anti-glare properties. When the average particle diameter of the fine particles is smaller than 1 〇μηι, it is difficult to form sufficient unevenness on the surface to which the plating is applied, and it is difficult to obtain a sufficient antiglare function. On the other hand, if the average particle diameter of the fine particles is larger than 15 〇 ηι, the surface unevenness becomes thick, and glare is likely to occur and the texture is lowered. Here, when processing is performed using fine particles having an average particle diameter of 15 μm or less, it is suitably dispersed in a dispersion medium in such a manner that the particles are not aggregated by static electricity or the like. -34-200907398 Wet blasting is ideal for processing. In addition, the pressure at the time of impacting the fine particles, the distance from the nozzle from which the fine particles are ejected to the surface, and the like, and the influence of the subsequent uneven shape and the surface shape of the anti-glare film are generally as long as they are used. The type of the microparticles, the type of the metal, the shape of the nozzle for ejecting the microparticles, the desired shape, etc., are suitable for selection in the following ranges: 〇. G5 gauge pressure (gage pressure), for the processed gold product per lcm2: 4~12g or so of the amount of fine particles, from the spray nozzle to the metal surface distance: 200~600mm or so via the substrate The uneven shape formed by the application of the surface of the plated surface to the fine particles is generally as follows: the arithmetic mean height Pa of the cross section is Ο. Ϊ́μπι and above Ιμπι below, the arithmetic mean height Pa of the surface curve and the average length PSm: PSm is 0. 02 or more 0. 1 or less. When the arithmetic average height is 0. 1 μιη is smaller, or is more than Pa/PSm. When 02 is smaller, it is difficult to obtain a desired mold when a rough surface which is formed by passivating the uneven shape before the chrome plating process is applied. Also, when the arithmetic mean height Pa is larger than Ιμπι, Pa/PSm is more than 0. In the case of a larger case, when a work for passivating the uneven shape is applied to the chrome plating, it is necessary to make a strong line, and it is easy to control the surface shape. In the case of such a copper plating or a nickel plating surface, a process of passivating the uneven shape is applied. In the case where the amount of use is equal to the Pa/Pa ratio, the squirting surface of the surface particles of the genus of the genus of the granules of the genus In the process, the shape of the concave surface, or the condition before processing, is formed into a concave-convex concave-convex shape-35-200907398 Passivation processing, as described above with reference to (c) and (d) of FIG. Or copper plating is ideal. By performing the etching treatment, the sharp portion of the uneven shape produced by the impact of the fine particles disappears. Therefore, when it is used as a mold, the optical characteristics of the produced antiglare film change in a desired direction. also. Since copper plating is strong because of its smoothing action, the effect of passivating the uneven shape is stronger than that of chrome plating. Therefore, when it is used as a mold, the optical characteristics of the produced anti-glare film change in a desired direction. The etching treatment is usually carried out by using an aqueous solution of ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ), an aqueous solution of copper dichloride (CuCl 2 ), an alkaline etching solution (Cu (NH 3 ) 4 C 12 ), or the like, and performing uranium on the surface, but it is also possible A strong acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid is used, and reverse electrolytic etching by applying a potential different from that at the time of electrolytic plating can also be used. The degree of passivation of the concavities and convexities after the application of the etching treatment differs depending on the type of the base metal, the size of the concavities and the like obtained by sandblasting, and the like. Therefore, it is impossible to understand the degree of passivation. The largest factor in the control factor is the amount of etching. Here, the so-called etching amount refers to the thickness of the electric ore layer which is cut by etching. If the amount of etching is small, the effect of passivating the concave surface obtained by sandblasting or the like is insufficient, and the optical characteristics of the antiglare film obtained by transferring the uneven shape to the transparent film are not good. On the other hand, if the amount of the contact is too large, the uneven shape is almost eliminated, and it becomes an almost flat mold. Therefore, the anti-glare property cannot be exhibited. Here, the etching amount is preferably Ιμηη or more and 20 μm or less, and more preferably 2 μm or more and πμηη -36 to 200907398 or less. When copper plating is used as the passivation process, the degree of passivation of the unevenness differs depending on the type of the base metal, the size and depth of the unevenness obtained by sandblasting, and the type of plating, and therefore, In a nutshell, however, the largest factor in the factors that control the degree of passivation is the pen iron thickness. On the right, if the thickness of the electrodeposited layer is thin, the effect of passivating the uneven surface obtained by sandblasting or the like is insufficient, and the optical characteristics of the antiglare film obtained by transferring the uneven shape to the transparent film are Not good. On the other hand, if the plating thickness is too thick, the uneven shape is almost eliminated except for the poor productivity, and therefore, the anti-glare property cannot be exhibited. The thickness of the copper plating is preferably 1 Mm or more and 20 μηι or less, and more preferably 4 μm or more and 1 μm or less. In this way, by passivating the surface shape of the substrate on which the unevenness is formed at the copper plating or the nickel plating surface, chromium plating is applied to further passivate the surface of the uneven surface while making the surface hardness. High metal plate. The degree of passivation of the concavities and convexities at this time differs depending on the type of the base metal, the size and depth of the concavities and the like obtained by sand blasting, and the type or thickness of the plating, and therefore cannot be utterly discussed, but The largest factor among the factors that can control the degree of passivation is still the plating thickness. If the thickness of the chromium plating layer is thin, the effect of passivating the uneven surface obtained before the chromium plating process is insufficient, and the optical characteristics of the antiglare film obtained by transferring the uneven shape to the transparent film are not good. On the other hand, if the plating thickness is too thick, in addition to poor productivity, -37-200907398 will also produce a projection defect called a nodule. Here, the thickness of the chrome plating is preferably 1 μm or more and 10 μm or less, and more preferably 2 μm or more and 6 μm or less, more preferably chrome plating, and having gloss, and imparting good mold release property. Restriction, however, can be carried out by electrolysis using so-called chrome plating, etc., and it can be controlled by chromic plating by adjusting water chromic acid (Cr03) with a small amount of sulfur and electrolysis time. The mold is ideal, and it is more than 1 000. In addition to the decrease in durability when the mold is used, there is a high degree of success or an electrolytic condition, and there is a high possibility of giving In the case of the prior art, the publication of the Japanese Patent Publication No. 2002-186 (1), or the publication of the Japanese Patent Publication No. 9-187, the chrome plating is applied to the surface of the chrome plating. Most of the optical variations of anti-glare films made by chrome plating. The plated surface is rough and has a high hardness and a small coefficient of friction. The type of chrome plating is not particularly suitable for chrome plating which is called gloss chrome plating or decorative gloss. Chromium plating is an electroplating bath using an aqueous solution containing no acid. The thickness of the chromium plating is made by the current density. The surface has a Vickers hardness of 800 or more. If the Vickers hardness is low, the hardness in the chrome plating may be abnormal in the plating bath during the plating treatment, and the influence of the defect may be adversely affected. Patent Document 1 (Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2004-JP-A-2004--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The fragmentation, the result, the nature, which is in an undesired direction, is not suitable for the anti-glare-38-200907398 film mold. This is because, in general, in order to After chrome plating, the surface is honed. However, as described later, in the present invention, the honing system for the surface after plating is not preferable. In the present invention, copper is applied at the base metal. Electroplating or electroplating to eliminate such problems that are apt to occur in chrome plating. When the embossed shape is not applied before the chrome plating is applied, in order to make the uneven shape by impacting the fine particles Partially sufficient passivation is necessary to make the chromium plating thicker. However, if the thickness of the chromium plating is too thick, it will become easy to produce nodules, and ideally, when the thickness of the chromium plating is thin. Since the uneven shape formed by the impact fine particles cannot be sufficiently passivated, and the mold having a desired surface shape cannot be obtained, the film produced using the mold does not exhibit excellent anti-glare performance. Patent Document 1 (the aforementioned Patent Document 1) Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2002-189106) describes a method in which a chrome plated iron surface is formed by blasting or beading to form a concave-convex surface, and then a chromium is applied in the patent document. In the patent document 4 (JP-A-2004-90187), it is noted that a bead method or a sandblasting treatment is applied to the surface of the drum. After the microparticles are formed into a concavo-convex shape, a passivation process is actively applied, and a method of applying chrome plating to form a concavo-convex shape is given. If the review by the present inventors is correct, it is not as positive as described above. The anti-glare film that exhibits excellent anti-glare properties cannot be manufactured by applying the surface shape bluntly, except that the nickel processing is sharp and does not In the anti-glare bulletin, electroplating and carrying, the ground is blunt, and it is -39-200907398. In addition, it is not ideal to apply plating other than chrome plating to the metal surface with irregularities. In the plating other than chrome, the hardness or wear resistance is low, and the durability as a mold is lowered, and in use, the unevenness is degraded by friction and the mold is damaged. In the anti-glare film obtained by the mold, the possibility of not obtaining a sufficient anti-glare function is high, and the possibility of causing defects on the film is also high. After the chromium plating, the surface is not honed. It is advantageous to use the chrome plating surface as the uneven surface of the mold. In the above-mentioned Patent Document 4 (JP-A-2004-90187), the surface after plating is honed. The honing of the chrome plating surface is not desirable in the present invention. The reason for this is that, by honing, since a flat portion is generated at the outermost surface, there is a possibility that the optical characteristics are deteriorated, and the control factor for the shape is also increased, and therefore, the reproducibility It is difficult to control the shape for an excellent shape. Fig. 8 is a view showing the process of passivating the concavo-convex shape obtained by striking the microparticles. Here, it is shown that after the uranium engraving treatment shown in (C1) of Fig. 7, the same application is applied (D 1 In the case where the surface after chrome plating shown in the case of honing is used, a cross-sectional pattern diagram of a metal plate having a flat surface is produced. By honing, in the surface irregularities 38 of the chromium plating layer 37 formed at the surface of the copper or nickel plating layer 32, a part of the convex portion is cut off to produce a flat surface 39. In the case of the case where the surface of the etched surface is honed after the etching shown in (d 1 ) of FIG. 7 is shown, it is shown in (D2) of -40-200907398, FIG. The same applies to the copper plating, and if the surface is honed, it is the same as the flat surface. [Method for Producing Anti-Glare Film] Next, a description will be given of a project for using the glare film thus obtained. By transferring the shape of the above-mentioned mold to the transparent resin film, the transfer of the mold shape to the film is performed by pressing, and the use of the photocurable resin is exemplified by the use of the thermoplastic resin. Hot embossing method. In the UV embossing method, the layer of the resin layer is transparently supported, and the photocurable resin layer is pushed and hardened, whereby the concave resin layer of the mold is placed. Specifically, in the transparent support type resin, the ultraviolet curable resin is cured from the transparent support side in a state where the applied ultraviolet light is cured, and then the ultraviolet curable resin layer is cured. The type in which the support is transferred from the shape of the mold on the mold to the resin of the ultraviolet curable resin is not particularly limited. Further, although the resin is expressed as a method, it is also possible to use a resin which can be made to have a wavelength of ultraviolet rays by light selection. That is, in the case of the so-called ultraviolet chrome plating here, an anti-glare film is obtained by producing a mold and producing a method for preventing the clarification. It is ideal to spend flowers. In the UV embossing method of the moon, the surface of the surface is formed by hardening the concave and convex surface of the mold and transferring it onto the light-cured body. The ultraviolet hard resin is applied to the mold to irradiate the ultraviolet ray to form a peeling after hardening. By this will come. The UV-curable tree is a hard-cured resin with a UV-curable starter. The longer-term visible light is a hard-cured resin. -41 - 200907398 is a general term for those who also contain such visible light-curing resins. Further, in the hot embossing method, a transparent thermoplastic resin film is pressed against the mold in a state where the surface shape of the mold is transferred to the resin film. Among these embossing methods, the UV embossing method is ideal from the viewpoint of productivity. The transparent support used in the production of the anti-glare film may be an optically transparent resin film, for example, cellulose triacetate, polyethylene terephthalate or polymethyl propyl ester. A polycarbonate film or a cast film or an extruded film formed of a thermoplastic resin such as an amorphous cyclic polyolefin of a Norbornene compound. As the ultraviolet curable resin, it can be used in the market. For example, a polyfunctional acrylate such as trimethylolpropane triacrylate or pentaerythritol may be used singly or in combination of the above, and it may be combined with "IRGACURE® 'IRGACURE® 184" (above, Ciba specialty chemica), Lucirin® TPO (manufactured by BASF Corporation), and the like are mixed and used as an ultraviolet curable resin. As the transparent tree of thermoplasticity used in the hot embossing method, any material can be used as long as it is substantially transparent: polymethyl methacrylate polycarbonate, polyparaic acid Ethylene glycol ester, cellulose triacetate, a cast film or a film of a thermoplastic resin such as a Norbornene compound as a monomeric amorphous cyclic polyolefin. In terms of heat-like thermoplasticity, as long as it is used: olefinic acid is used as a single-agent mold-type seller, and the company's starter fat film, such as phthalic acid, is made into a grease. The transparent resin film can also be a transparent support when the uv described above is used. The anti-glare film of the present invention uses a mold which is concave-convex in a specific shape. Transferring the uneven surface of the mold to the resin coated on the holder, and then, peeling off the tree on which the uneven surface is transferred, thereby forming a surface fine uneven shape is ideal for transfer In the resin The weight of the adhesive resin is 100 μm or less and 15 μm or less, and the difference in refractive index from the bonding is 〇·〇1 or more. The fine particles 10 to 0.1 below the 06 are ideal. When the average particle diameter of the fine particles incorporated in the binder resin is lower than that, the enthalpy of the wide-angle side passing through the diffusion distribution rises, and when applied to an image display apparatus, the contrast is lowered, so that the contrast is lowered. On the other hand, when the average particle diameter exceeds 15 μm, it is generally described that the particles are completely buried in the binder resin, and the film thickness tends to be thick in order to bury the particles. As a result, it becomes easy to cause curling or agglomeration problems in the resin coating process. Also, when the difference in refractive index between the microparticles and the binder resin is less than zero. In the case of C, the internal diffusion effect due to the fine particles is reduced, and it is necessary to add a large amount of fine particles to the bonding resin because the specific diffusion characteristics and haze are imparted to the antiglare layer. If the ground is buried in the adhesive resin, it is unreasonable. If the refractive index difference exceeds 0. 06, because of the refractive index embossing method formed by the transparent resin from the mold, in the part, and the resin between 100 and 5 μιη, the result is not ideal. The result of the question 1 is this, for the phenomenon 'Think of the particles. The difference is -43-200907398. Therefore, the reflectance at the interface between the binder resin and the fine particles is increased, and the result is that the rear diffusion is increased and the total light transmittance is lowered, which is not preferable. As the above-mentioned general ultraviolet curing resin, it exhibits more than one hardening system. The refractive index of about 50, therefore, the fine particles can be obtained from a refractive index of 1 · 4 0~1 . Approximately 60 or so is suitable for the design of the anti-glare film. As the fine particles, resin beads are suitably used, and those which are almost spherical are preferable. In the following, examples of suitable resin beads are disclosed. Triamine beads (refractive index 1 . 5 7) Polymethyl methacrylate beads (refractive index 1. 49) Polymethacrylic acid/styrene copolymer resin beads (refractive index 1 . 5 0 ~1 . 59) Polycarbonate beads (refractive index 1 . 5 5) Polyethylene beads (refractive index 1 · 5 3 ) Polystyrene beads (refractive index 1. 6) Polyvinyl chloride beads (refractive index 1. 46) Resin beads (refractive index 1. 46) Etc. These fine particles are not affected by the uneven shape of the surface, that is, it is preferable to completely bury the particles in the binder resin. This is because when the fine particles protrude from the surface, the shape of the surface irregularities changes depending on the shape of the fine particles, and the reflection characteristics (anti-glare property or whitening, etc.) of the anti-glare film are affected. When such microparticles protrude from the surface, the shape of the surface must be considered in addition to the surface shape of the above-mentioned mold, and the shape of the surface must be considered. The design and control system became -44-200907398 complicated and it became difficult to obtain the expected characteristics. Therefore, it is desirable to control the surface shape mainly affecting the reflection characteristics only by the mold, and to control the diffusion characteristics independently by the combination of the resin and the particles. [Anti-glare polarizing plate] The anti-glare film of the present invention which is generally constituted as described above has an excellent anti-glare effect and can effectively prevent whitening, and can effectively suppress the occurrence of glare and the reduction of contrast. When mounted on an image display device, its visibility is excellent. When the image display device is a liquid crystal display, the anti-glare film can be applied to a polarizing plate. In other words, the polarizing plate is generally formed by laminating a protective film on at least one surface of a polarizing element formed by a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin film which is absorbing iodine or a dichroic dye. However, if one of the protective films is formed of the anti-glare film of the present invention, and the polarizing element and the anti-glare film of the present invention are bonded to the transparent support side of the anti-glare film, it can be formed. Anti-glare polarizing plate. At this time, the other side of the polarizing element can be maintained as it is, or another protective film or an optical film can be laminated, and an adhesive layer for bonding it to the liquid crystal cell can be formed. Further, a polarizing plate in which a protective film of at least one surface of the polarizing element is bonded to the side of the transparent support of the anti-glare film of the present invention may be used to form an anti-glare polarizing plate. Further, 'at the polarizing plate to which the protective film is attached' can be made into an anti-glare polarizing plate by imparting irregularities such as the above-mentioned general anti-glare property to the surface of the protective film on one side. - 200907398 [Image display device] The image display device of the present invention is an anti-glare film having a specific surface shape as described above, or an anti-glare polarizing plate and an image display device. In this case, the image display device is represented by a liquid crystal panel including a liquid crystal cell in which liquid crystal is sealed between the upper and lower substrates, and the alignment state of the liquid crystal is changed by application of a voltage, and the image is displayed. The anti-glare film of the present invention can also be applied to various displays known as plasma display panels, CRT displays, and organic EL displays. On the other hand, the above-described anti-glare film is disposed on the side of the image display device to form an image display device. In this case, the uneven surface of the anti-glare film, that is, the side where the anti-glare layer side is made to the outside (visual side) is disposed. The anti-glare film can be directly bonded to the surface of the image display element, and when the liquid crystal panel is used as an image display means, for example, it can be attached to the surface of the liquid crystal panel via a polarizing element as described above. . In the image display device including the anti-glare film of the present invention, the incident light can be diffused by the unevenness on the surface of the anti-glare film, and the reflected image can be lightened. Excellent visibility. Moreover, even when the anti-glare film of the present invention is applied to a high-definition image display device, the glare phenomenon which is seen in the previous anti-glare film does not occur, and it is sufficient Into the performance of prevention of efficacy, prevention of whitening conditions, inhibition of glare, suppression of reduction of contrast, etc. -46-200907398 EXAMPLES The following examples are presented to further illustrate the invention - the 'present invention' is not limited by such examples. In the case of the "%" and the "parts" of the quantity and the quantity used, the weight is used as the basis. Further, the evaluation method of the right mold or the anti-glare film is as follows: 1. The Vickers hardness of the mold is measured: Ultrasonic waves manufactured by Krautkramer Co., Ltd. are used, and the dimension β is determined by the method according to JIS Z 2244. It is carried out at the surface of the mold itself. 2. Measurement of the optical characteristics of the anti-glare film: (diffusion distribution) The anti-glare film is formed such that the uneven surface thereof becomes the surface of the glass substrate, and on the glass surface side thereof, from a direction inclined with respect to a specific angle The film normal astigmatism intensity was measured by irradiating the He-Ne Ray image from the side of the uneven surface of the anti-glare film. In the measurement of the reflectance, the "3 2 9 2 3 3 optical power sensor, power meter" manufactured by Heng Co., Ltd. is used. The description of the steps, but in the example, the inclusion, is not special: in the following examples, it is generally shown. | "MI C 1 0, ', ; hardness. Measured, the way to fit the normal line of the film and the direction of the parallel light through the expansion of the motor (shares and "3 2 9 2 optics (reflection distribution) The uneven surface of the anti-glare film irradiates the parallel light from the He-Ne laser from a direction inclined by 30 - 47 - 200907398 with respect to the normal line of the film, and is carried out including the film normal and the irradiation direction. The measurement of the change in the angle of reflectance in the plane. In the measurement of the reflectance, the "3 2 9 2 3 3 optical power sensor" manufactured by Yokogawa Electric Co., Ltd. and "3 2 9" are used. (2) Optical power meter. (Haze) The haze of the anti-glare film was measured using a haze meter "HM-150" manufactured by Murakami Color Technology Research Co., Ltd. of JIS K 7136. In order to prevent the bending of the sample, an optically transparent adhesive is used, and the uneven surface is bonded to the glass substrate so that the uneven surface becomes a surface, and the full haze is measured in this state. When it is at the surface of the anti-glare film This is carried out by attaching a film of cellulose acetate having a haze of almost 0 to glycerol. (Reflection sharpness) The S U G A test machine (share company limited) of JIS K 7 1 0 5 is used. The image clarity (imagec 1 arity) measuring device " Η Μ -1 50, type, and measured the reflection sharpness of the anti-glare film. In this case, also to prevent the bending of the sample, the optical property is The transparent adhesive is bonded to the glass substrate so that the uneven surface is a surface, and the measurement is performed. In order to prevent reflection from the glass surface on the back surface, it is bonded. The glass plate surface of the glass plate of the anti-glare film is adhered with a black acrylic resin plate having a thickness of 2 mm with water, and in this state, light is incident from the side of the sample (anti-mesh-48-200907398 film). And the measurement is performed. In this measurement, generally, the width of the dark portion and the bright portion is 0. The total of 値3 measured by three types of combs of 5 mm and 2 _ 0 mm, and the surface shape of the antiglare film: The surface shape of the antiglare film was measured using a conjugate focus microscope manufactured by Sensofar Co., Ltd. In this case, it is also bent, and an optically transparent adhesive is used, and it is attached to the glass substrate as a surface. When the measurement is performed, the magnification of the objective lens is set to 50. This is because the fine unevenness of the surface measured by high resolution is also measured and measured for the convex portion. (Arithmetic average height Pa at the profile curve, maximum profile High average length PSm) Based on the measurement data obtained above, the arithmetic mean height pa, the most Pt, and the average length PSm are extracted by the calculation of the quasi-060 1 (the number of convex portions) to be used in the above measurement. The surface of the obtained anti-glare film is based on the coordinate coordinates of the anti-glare film, and is obtained according to the previous reference to FIG. 5, and the system existing in the region of 200 μm χ 200 μιη is taken as described above. 0mm to Ρ1: μ2300,,, to prevent the sample from measuring the uneven surface. In order to reduce the resolution, the number of samples causes the obstruction degree Pt and the number of convex parts of the mechanism according to the three-dimensional description of the JIS B large-section cylinder degree -49-200907398 "After the Molonoyi division The average area of the Lonova polyhedron is determined by the mechanism described above with reference to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 by the three-dimensional coordinate 各 of each point on the surface of the anti-glare film obtained in the above measurement. Calculate 'Evaluate the average area of the Molino Poly polygon 4, and evaluate the anti-glare performance of the anti-glare film: (reflection, whitening, and visual evaluation of texture) To prevent reflection from the back of the anti-glare film The black acryl resin plate was bonded to the anti-glare film so that the uneven surface became the surface, and was visually observed from the side of the uneven surface in the bright room irradiated with the fluorescent lamp, and visually observed. The evaluation of the presence or absence of the fluorescent lamp, the degree of whitening, and the texture are evaluated. The reflection, whitening, and texture are evaluated by the following stages of 3 to 3; Entry: 1 : Unable to observe reflection 2: observation A little reflection into the 3: can be clearly observed in the white: 1: can not observe the white--50-200907398 2: observed a little white 3: can clearly observe the whitening feeling: 1: the surface is meticulous Good texture 2: The surface is slightly thicker and the texture is slightly worse. 3: The surface is obviously thick and the texture is poor (evaluation of glare). The glare is evaluated by the following method. That is, first, prepare to have the same as in the figure. A reticle of a pattern of a unit cell as shown in plan view in Fig. 9. In this figure, the cell 40 is formed on a transparent substrate, and a chrome-shielding pattern 4 1 having a groove type is formed with a line width of 1 μm. The portion where the chrome-shielding pattern 41 is not formed is the opening portion 42. Here, the cell size is 254 μm χ 84 μηι (the vertical X-axis of the figure), so the size of the opening portion is 244 μη ΐ) <74μηι (the vertical and horizontal X of the figure). The cells shown in the figure are arranged in a large scale to form a photomask. Then, as shown in the schematic cross-sectional view of Fig. 1, the chrome-shielding pattern 41 of the mask 43 is placed above, placed in a light box 45, and the anti-glare film is adhered by an adhesive. The sample formed by bonding the glass sheet 4 1 so that the uneven surface thereof becomes a surface is placed on the mask 43. Among the light boxes 45, a light source 46 is disposed. In this state, visual observation was performed at a position of about 39 cm away from the sample, and the degree of glare was evaluated in seven stages of the functionality -51 - 200907398. Level 1 is a state in which glare is not recognized at all. 'Level 7 is a state in which a severe glare is observed' and Level 3 is a state in which only a few glare is observed. (Evaluation of the comparison) The polarizing plate on both sides of the front and back sides was peeled off from a liquid crystal television ("LC-42GX1W" manufactured by Sharp Co., Ltd.) which is commercially available. In place of the original polarizing plates, the polarizing plate "Sumikalan SRDB831E" manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. is used on the back side and the surface side so that the respective absorption axes coincide with the absorption axes of the original polarizing plates. The method is applied by an adhesive, and further, on the display surface side polarizing plate, the anti-glare film shown in each of the following examples is applied via an adhesive so that the uneven surface becomes a surface. Hehe. The LCD TV thus obtained is activated in a dark room, and the brightness of the black display state and the white display state is measured using a brightness meter "B Μ 5 A " type manufactured by TOPCON Co., Ltd. And calculate the comparison. Here, the 'so-called contrast' is expressed by the ratio of the brightness of the white display state with respect to the brightness of the black display state. [Example 1] (A) Preparation of an embossing mold is prepared for an iron roller having a diameter of 200 mm (JIS) The surface of the STKM13A) was coated with copper ballard plating. The copper ballard plating is made of a copper plating layer/thin silver plating layer/sheet-52-200907398 copper plating layer, and the thickness of the entire plating layer is about 200 μm. The copper plated surface was mirror-honed, and further, at the honing surface, a sandblasting device (manufactured by Fujitsu Co., Ltd.) was used, and a bead made by TOSOH Co., Ltd. "TZ-B" was used. 5 3,, (trade name, average particle size 53μπ〇, bead usage 8 g/c m2 (unit surface area of the drum), blasting pressure 0.15 MPa (gauge pressure), distance from the nozzle of the sprayed particles to the metal surface Under the condition of 450 mm, sand was sprayed into the crucible 7 and unevenness was added to the surface. The copper electroplated iron cylinder to which the unevenness was obtained was etched with a copper chloride aqueous solution. The uranium engraving amount was set to 8 at this time. Then, 'chrome plating is performed to make a mold for embossing. At this time, the thickness of the chromium plating is set to 4 μm. The obtained mold has a Vickers hardness of 1000 on the surface. (Β) Production of an anti-glare film In the ethyl acetate, the following components were dissolved at a solid concentration of 60% to obtain an ultraviolet curable resin composition having a refractive index of 1.53 after hardening. Pentaerythritol triacrylate ester 60 parts of polyfunctional urethane acrylate (reaction product of hexamethylene diisocyanate and pentaerythritol triacrylate) leveling agent having an average particle diameter of 8 μηι in the ultraviolet curable resin composition a methyl methacrylate/styrene copolymer resin bead having a refractive index of 1,565, and 25 parts of -53-200907398' and then 'for a solid part (including resin beads) are added to 100 parts of the ultraviolet curable resin. The coating liquid was prepared by adding ethyl acetate to a concentration of 50%. The coating liquid was applied to a cellulose acetate (TAC) film having a thickness of 80 μm, so that the thickness of the coating film after drying became ΙΟμηη. The coating was applied and dried in a dryer set to 60 Τ: for 3 minutes. The dried film was made at the uneven surface of the mold made by (Α) to make the ultraviolet curable resin The layer on the side of the mold is pressed by the rubber roller and held tight. In this state, from the TAC film side, it will come from a high pressure mercury lamp with a strength of 2 〇 mW/cm 2 . The light is irradiated so that the amount of light converted into the h-line becomes 200 nU/cm 2 to cure the ultraviolet curable resin composition layer. Then, the TAC film and the cured resin are integrally peeled off from the mold, and are obtained from the surface. A transparent anti-glare film formed by a laminate of a concave-convex hardening resin and a TAC film. (C) Evaluation of an anti-glare film For the obtained anti-glare film, optical characteristics and uneven surface shape by the above-described method The anti-glare property was evaluated, and the results were shown in Table 1 together with the mold production conditions and the types and amounts of the fine particles used in the production of the anti-glare layer. Further, a graph of the diffusion distribution is shown in Fig. 11, and a graph of the reflection distribution is shown in Fig. 12. In addition, in Table 1, (A) is a summary of the amount of uranium in the production of a mold and the type and amount of fine particles used in the production of an anti-glare layer, and (B) is an anti-glare film. The optical characteristics were summarized by the inventors' and (C) was -54-200907398. The surface shape and anti-glare properties of the anti-glare film were summarized. The details of the reflection sharpness in Table 1 (B) are as follows. Reflective sharpness 0.5mm Optical comb: 1.4% 1.0 mm Optical comb _ 5.4% 2.0 mm Optical comb: 9.6% Total: 1 6.4 % [Example 2] The etching amount when the mold was produced was changed as shown in Table 1. On the other hand, in the same manner as in the first embodiment, a mold for embossing having irregularities on its surface was produced. The obtained mold had a Vickers hardness of 1,000 on the surface. Using this mold, in the same manner as in Example 1, a transparent antiglare film made of a laminate of a cured resin having a concavity and convexity on the surface and a TAC film was produced. [Examples 3 and 4] The same type of the mold as in Example 1 was used, and the type of fine particles used in the production of the antiglare layer and/or the addition of the weight portion of the ultraviolet curable resin to 100 parts was used. The amount was changed as shown in Table i, and the other conditions were the same as in Example i, whereby a transparent body made of a laminate of a cured resin having a concavity and convexity on the surface and a TAC film was produced. Anti-glare film. Further, the microparticles -55-200907398 used in Example 3 are the same methyl methacrylate/styrene copolymer resin beads as in Example 1, and the microparticles used in Example 4 are It is a polymethyl methacrylate bead having an average particle diameter of 8 μm and a refractive index of 1.490. With respect to the antiglare films obtained in Examples 2 to 4, the optical characteristics, surface shape and antiglare property of these antiglare films are shown in Table 1 together with the data of Example 1. Further, the permeation diffusion distribution and the reflection distribution chart of the antiglare film are shown in Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 together with the data of the first embodiment. [Comparative Examples 1 and 2] In Comparative Example 1, the same mold as in Example 1 was used, and in Comparative Example 2, the same mold as in Example 2 was used, and both of them were used without using The ultraviolet curable resin composition of the resin beads was set to have the same conditions as in the first embodiment, whereby a transparent film made of a laminate of a cured resin having a concavity and convexity on the surface and a TAC film was produced. Glare film. The optical characteristics, surface shape and antiglare property of the obtained antiglare film are shown in Table 1 together with the data of Example 1. Further, a graph of the transmission diffusion distribution of such anti-glare films is shown in Fig. 13, and a graph of the reflection distribution is shown in Fig. 14. -56- 200907398 Table 1 (A) Preparation conditions of the mold and microparticles in the anti-glare layer NO. Etching amount at the time of mold production Resin g in the anti-glare layer Average particle diameter Refractive index addition amount Example 1 8μηι 8μπι 1.565 25 Example 2 ΙΟμηι 8μηη 1.565 25 parts Example 3 8μηη 8μηι 1.565 45 parts Example 4 8μιη δμιη 1.490 15 parts Comparative Example 1 8μιη — — — Comparative Example 2 ΙΟμηι — — — (B) Optical characteristics of anti-glare film Example NO Relative expansion 1 Female light intensity Reflectance Surface full haze reflection fresh T(20) Τ(30) R(30) R(40) R(50) Haze brightness Example 1 0.00017% 0.00004% 0.17163% 0.00039% 0.00005 % 0.9% 6.9% 16.4% Example 2 0.00013% 0.00005% 0.59146% 0.00040% 0.00008% 0.5% 7.0% 14.8% Example 3 0.00028% 0.00006% 0.17713% 0.00044% 0.00006% 0.9% 21.1% 15.3% Example 4 0.00047% 0.00009% 0.29234% 0.00084% 0.00008% 0.8% 23.1% 16.2% Comparative Example 1 0.00009% 0.00005% 0.16299% 0.00036% 0.00004% 0.8% 0.9% 16.3% Comparative Example 2 0.00005% 0.00003% 0.55130% 0.00045% 0.00008% 0.5% 0.5% 14.0% (C) anti-glare film Surface shape and anti-glare performance example NO. Surface shape anti-glare" Arithmetic flat maximum section average long convex part Molono yin general thorns to the average height plane height PSm number of polygons into the white-eye ratio Pa Pt amount Average area Example 1 0.123μπι 0.72μηι 29.25μηι 81 920μηι2 1 1 3 1885 Example 2 0.073 μηι 0.39μηι 23.06μιη 92 432μηη2 2 1 1 3 1876 Example 3 0.126μιη 0.68μηι 21.03μιη 57 920μιη2 1 1 1 1 1866 Example 4 Ο.ΙΟδμηι 0.63μιη 15.06μηι 99 478μηι2 1 1 1 1804 Comparative Example 1 0.148μπι 0.69μηι 23.15μπι 64 875μηι2 1 1 7 1887 Comparative Example 2 0.053μηι 0.28 μπι 24.32μιη 98 481μιη2 2 1 6 1906 -57- 200907398 As shown in Table 1, in general, Examples 1 and 2 satisfying the requirements of the present invention exhibit excellent anti-glare properties (low reflection and good texture) without glare or whitening, and are suitable for portraits. When the device is displayed, it also shows a high contrast. Further, in Examples 3 and 4 in which the internal haze was increased, although the comparison was slightly lower than that of Examples 1 and 2, it was found that the glare was more effective. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, since the surface shape is almost the same as that of Examples 1 and 2, respectively, excellent anti-glare properties are exhibited, and whitening does not occur, and the contrast is also exhibited. There is a high enthalpy, but since at least one of the relative diffused light intensities T ( 20 ) and T ( 30 ) is lower than the specification of the present invention, the glare is strong, and when applied to an image display device, it is visually recognized. Sexuality has become a significant decrease. Here, in Examples 1, 3 and 4 and Comparative Example 1, an anti-glare film was produced using the same mold, and in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2, an anti-glare film was produced using the same mold. On the other hand, the reflection characteristics of the antiglare film produced by using the same mold were almost the same, and as a result, it was found that the added fine particle system did not affect the surface shape. [Comparative Examples 3 to 5] In the ultraviolet curable resin composition (before adding the resin beads) which is the same as the user of Example 1, 'the average particle diameter of the ultraviolet curable resin i is about 10 μm. In the case of the porous enamel fine particles 1 having a refractive index of 1 · 4 6 , in the comparative examples 4 and 5, the general amount of the ultraviolet curable resin 1 was added as shown in Table 2. Porous cerium microparticles methyl methacrylate/styrene copolymer resin beads having an average particle diameter of about -58 to 200907398 3μηι and having a refractive index of 1.57 and dispersed, and then 'to make a solid portion (containing cerium microparticles and resin beads) The concentration of the coating was 30%, and ethyl acetate was added to prepare a coating liquid. On the triacetate (TAC) film having a thickness of 80 μm, the coating liquid described above was applied so that the thickness of the dried coating film became 4 μm, and was made in a dryer set to 60 ° C. Minutes of drying. The light from the high-pressure mercury lamp having a strength of 2 OmW/cm 2 is irradiated so that the amount of light converted into h lines becomes 200 μm/cm 2 from the side of the photocurable resin composition layer of the film after drying. The ultraviolet curable resin composition layer is cured to obtain a transparent antiglare film made of a laminate of a cured resin having a concavity and convexity on the surface and a TAC film. In this anti-glare film, as is known from the relationship between the particle size of the fine particles (about 1 Ο μηι) and the thickness of the coating film (4 μηα), the fine particles of the fine particles protrude from the surface of the anti-glare layer. The anti-glare film was evaluated for optical characteristics, uneven surface shape, and anti-glare property by the above-described methods, and the results were shown together with the composition of the resin in Table 2. In Table 2, (a) is a summary of the fine particles to be incorporated in the curable resin, (B) is the induction of the optical characteristics of the anti-glare film, and (C) is the defense. The surface shape and anti-glare properties of the glare film were summarized. Further, a graph of the diffusion distribution is shown in Fig. 15, and a graph of the reflection distribution is shown in Fig. 16. -59- 200907398 Table 2 (A) Examples of microparticles in the antiglare layer NO. Porous cerium microparticle resin beads Average particle diameter Refractive index addition amount Average particle diameter Refractive index addition amount Comparative Example 3 About ΙΟμιη 1.46 10 parts — — — Comparative Example 4 About ΊμηΊ 1.46 Η) 3μιη 1.57 3 Parts Comparative Example 5 About ΙΟμίΏ 1.46 10 parts 3μηι 1.57 10 parts (B) Optical characteristics of anti-glare film Example NO. Relatively expanded female light intensity reflectance surface full haze reflection Fresh T(20) Τ(30) R(30) R(40) R(5〇) Haze Brightness Comparative Example 3 0.00007% 0.00002% 0.36807% 0.00052% 0.00005% 0.9% 1.4% 22.9% Comparative Example 4 0.00053% 0.00025 % 0.23112% 0.00049% 0.00007% 0.9% 8.4% 24.9% Comparative Example 5 0.00106% 0.00037% 0.15274% 0.00052% 0.00005% 2.0% 24.1% 42.8% (C) Surface shape and anti-glare property of anti-glare film Example NO. Surface shape Lake Hyun performance arithmetic mean height Pa maximum profile height Pt average length PSm number of convex parts Moronoyi polygon average area reflected whitening texture glare contrast comparison example 3 0.154μπι 0.87μιη 48.87μηα 14 3,074μΐΏ2 2 1 3 7 1914 Comparative Example 4 0.107μηι 0.66μηι 50.01μηι 22 1,735μηι2 2 1 3 4 1764 Comparative Example 5 0.094μπι 0.52μπι 28.35μιη 26 1,236μιη2 2 1 2 1 1671 -60- 200907398 As shown in Table 2, in comparison In Example 3, since the phase intensities T ( 20 ) and T ( 30 ) are lower than the specifications of the present invention, although the contrast system is not lowered, the glare is strong, and when the device is applied, the system is significantly damaged. Sex. In Comparative Example 4, the relative diffused light intensity T(20) incident at 20° is higher than the present invention. Therefore, the contrast is reduced to less than 1,800, and in the case of damage and visual recognition, the average length PSm is large in the surface shape. The quantity is small, and the average area of the Morono polygon is a big word, which is a larger shape than that specified in the present invention. The diffused light system is strong, and the glare cannot be sufficiently suppressed. . In the case of 5, since the relative diffused light intensities T (20) and T (30) exceed the specifications of the present invention, the glare is not greatly reduced, and the comparative examples 3 to 5, in general, the PSm system. It is large, and the average area of the Morono polygon is super-regulated. Moreover, the number of convex parts is lower than the requirements of the present invention, and the texture is rough, and has a convex appearance. Examples 6 to 9] Anti-glare films "AG3", "AG5", and "Aluminum film" used by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. to sell "SUMIKALAN" as an anti-glare layer and dispersed in ultraviolet rays. CV2" (Comparative Examples 6 to 9 respectively) were evaluated by the above-mentioned optical characteristics, surface shape, and anti-glare property, and are shown in Table 3. In Table 3, (B) is a defense The glare is diffused to light, and therefore, in the image display, due to the regulation, the person is sexual. The convex portion, the whole, is in the comparative example), but the comparative average length is over the result of the present invention, and the polarizing plate is hardened. Resin "SL6,,, and The conjunctival optics - 61 - 200907398 characteristics are summarized, and (c) is to summarize the surface shape and anti-glare performance of the anti-glare film. Also, a graph showing the diffusion distribution is shown in Fig. 17. Figure 13 shows the optical characteristics of the anti-glare film. Table 3 (B) Optical characteristics of the anti-glare film. NO. Relatively expanded female light intensity reflectance surface haze full haze reflection sharpness T (20) Τ (30) R(30) R(40) R(50) Comparative Example 6 0.00007% 0.00003% 0.56785% 0.00113% 0.00012% 2.4% 3.4% 20.1% Comparative Example 7 0.00014% 0.00003% 0.10042% 0.00409% 0.00048% 9.7% 10.7% 23.2% Comparative Example 8 0.00148% 0.00025% 0.10244% 0.00671% 0.00053% 9.4% 36.6% 15.5% Comparative Example 9 0.00170% 0.00035% 0.18370% 0.00077% 0.00007% 1.6% 33.3% 20.5% (C) Anti-glare film surface shape and anti-glare Performance example NO. Surface shape Lake metaphysical arithmetic average height Pa Maximum profile degree Pt Average length PSm Number of convex parts Morono Polygon's average area reflected in whitening texture glare Comparative Example 6 0.220μηι 1.09μπι 45.04μιη 22 1762μηι2 2 1 3 7 1 917 Comparative Example 0.190μηη 1.11 μηι 20.2 Ιμιη 78 546μηι2 1 2 1 6. 1845 Comparative Example 8 0.224μηι 1.29μπι 28.42μιη 146 297μηι2 1 3 1 1 1637 Comparative Example 9 0.167μιη 0.83μηι 24.09μπι 71 580μπι2 1 2 1 1 1602 In Comparative Example 6, since the relative diffused light intensity T(20) and T(30) are lower than the specification of the present invention, although the contrast system is not lowered, the glare is strong and the visibility is remarkably lowered. . Further, since the elements of the surface shape of Tables -62-200907398 are also completely out of the specification of the present invention, the texture is not good, and the appearance of the bulge is one. In Comparative Example 7, the relative diffused light intensity T (30) due to incident at 30° was lower than the specification of the present invention, and as a result, glare was caused. In Comparative Example 8 and Comparative Example 9, since the relative diffused light intensities T (20) and T (30) were generally large, the glare did not occur, but the contrast was greatly reduced. Further, in Comparative Example 8, since the reflectances R (40) and R (5 〇 ) were more than the specifications of the present invention, the entire system of the screen was whitened and whitened. From the above results, it is understood that the balance of the requirements specified in the present invention is excellent, and it is important to achieve optical characteristics which are the object of the present invention. [Industrial Applicability] The anti-glare film of the present invention exhibits excellent anti-glare properties while preventing deterioration of visibility due to whitening, and is disposed on the surface of a high-definition image display device. When it is not glaring, it can achieve high contrast. The anti-glare polarizing plate in which the anti-glare film and the polarizing element are combined exhibits the same effect. Further, the image display device in which the anti-glare film of the present invention or the anti-glare polarizing plate is disposed has high anti-glare performance and is excellent in visibility. The anti-glare film of the present invention is disposed on the liquid crystal panel, the plasma display panel, the CRT display, the organic EL display, etc., by making the anti-glare film more visible than the image display device. -63- 200907398 The display can be made without blushing and glare, and it can lighten the image of the image, and it can be used to give excellent visibility. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [Fig. 1] When light is incident from the side of the transparent support of the anti-glare film and the intensity of the diffused light observed in the normal direction of the anti-glare layer is extracted, the direction of light incidence is A perspective view of the mode display by the direction of the measured intensity of the diffused light. [Fig. 2] An example of a graph in which the incident angle is changed and the measured relative diffused light intensity (logarithmic scale) is plotted against the incident angle. Fig. 3 is a perspective view schematically showing the incident direction and the reflection direction of light from the anti-glare layer side of the reflectance. [Fig. 4] An example of a graph in which the reflection angle and the reflectance (reflectance is a logarithmic scale) of the reflected light of the light incident at an angle of 30° from the normal line of the anti-glare film . Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing a machine making mode for determining a convex portion of an anti-glare film. [Fig. 6] shows a Molono diagram of the example of the partition of Molino. Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a method of manufacturing a mold for producing an anti-glare film of the present invention in various works. Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional schematic view showing a state in which the surface is honed after chrome plating. Fig. 9 is a plan view showing a unit cell of a pattern for glare evaluation. -64 - 200907398 [Fig. 1 〇] shows a sectional pattern diagram of the state of glare evaluation. [Fig. 11] A graph showing the transmission diffusion distribution of the antiglare film obtained in Examples 1 to 4. [Fig. 12] A graph showing the reflection distribution of the antiglare film obtained in Examples 1 to 4. [Fig. 13] A graph showing the transmission diffusion distribution of the antiglare film obtained in Comparative Examples 1 and 2. [Fig. 14] A graph showing the reflection distribution of the antiglare film obtained in Comparative Examples 1 and 2. Fig. 15 shows a graph of the transmission diffusion distribution of the antiglare film obtained in Comparative Examples 3 to 5. [Fig. 16] A graph showing the reflection distribution of the antiglare film obtained in Comparative Examples 3 to 5. [Fig. 17] A graph showing the transmission diffusion distribution of the antiglare film used in Comparative Examples 6 to 9. [Fig. 18] A graph showing the reflection distribution of the antiglare film used in Comparative Examples 6 to 9. [Description of main component symbols] η : Anti-glare film 1 2 : Film normal line 1 3 : Direction of incident light when measuring the intensity of transmitted diffused light 1 4 : Direction of measurement of transmitted diffused light intensity (normal direction) 1 5 : Direction of incident light when measuring reflectance -65 - 200907398 16: Normal reflection direction 1 7 : Arbitrary reflection direction 1 9 : Surface containing incident light direction and film normal Φ: When measuring transmitted light intensity Incidence angle Θ : reflection angle when measuring reflectance 2 1 : any point on the anti-glare film 22 : anti-glare film surface 23 : film reference surface 2 4 : centering on any point on the anti-glare film The projection surface of the circle-to-film reference plane 26: the projection point of the apex of the convex part (the mother point of the Molino division) 2 7 : The Molinoyi polygon 2 8 : not adjacent to the measurement in the average 値Molinoyi polygon 3 1 of the field of view boundary: metal substrate 32: copper or nickel plating layer 3 3 : honing surface 3 4 : concave surface formed by impact of fine particles 3 5 : copper plating layer 3 6 a : The concave and convex surface formed by the impact of the fine particles is etched to passivate the surface Face 3 6 b : Surface of the concave-convex surface formed by impacting fine particles by copper plating to passivate the surface 3 7 : Road electric ore layer -66 - 200907398 3 8 : Recessed surface 3 after chromium plating 9 : Flat surface 40 produced after honing the surface after chrome plating: unit cell 41 of the reticle: chrome shielding pattern of the reticle 4 2 : opening portion 43 of the reticle: reticle 4 5 : lighting box 4 6: Light source 4 7 : Glass plate 49: Oblique viewing position -67-