TW200828656A - Composite material of phosphide and anode material of lithium ion cell - Google Patents
Composite material of phosphide and anode material of lithium ion cell Download PDFInfo
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- TW200828656A TW200828656A TW095149230A TW95149230A TW200828656A TW 200828656 A TW200828656 A TW 200828656A TW 095149230 A TW095149230 A TW 095149230A TW 95149230 A TW95149230 A TW 95149230A TW 200828656 A TW200828656 A TW 200828656A
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- phosphide
- composite material
- transition metal
- phosphide composite
- coating layer
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009854 Cucurbita moschata Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 240000001980 Cucurbita pepo Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000009852 Cucurbita pepo Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000020354 squash Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VAKIVKMUBMZANL-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron phosphide Chemical compound P.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] VAKIVKMUBMZANL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 transition metal nitride Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000270666 Testudines Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- LQEQXNYQQIBNEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethynylphosphane Chemical compound PC#C LQEQXNYQQIBNEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000004426 flaxseed Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006557 surface reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004832 voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
200828656 rj^yjvvo 7TW 22376twf.doc/n 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 , 树明是有_—種魏物複合材料,且特別是有關 : 於一種能夠應用於鐘離子電池的負極材料的鱗化物複合材 - 料。 【先前技術】 經離子電池陸續被應用或是簡被❹於高功率的 冑力系統上,除了電池輯與電池製倾術需要進一步突 耕’從電池系統來看’對於電池材料的規格需求也需要 提^電池材料中對於電極材料的需求最大,在正極材料 陸續有所突破後’下-階段需突破的技術重點即在負極材 料的開發’其帽於負極材料的輯子儲存量(電容量)以 及材料蚊性。目前普遍使用的商用電池負極材料為碳 材,其電容量為雇〜350 mAh/g左右〔軟碳(触㈤⑽, 200-240 mAh/g)或介穩相球狀碳石墨_Β㈣·, 300-340 mAh/g)〕’早期碳㈣的缺點^與電解液聚碳酸 φ S旨產生反應’因為鐘與電解液會在碳材或石墨表面形成純 化膜’因此造f不可逆電容量的損失,致使首次充放電效 率低’或電池哥命短。目前為了因應高功率與高能量的電 * 池動力需求,負極材料的電容量與穩定性需更進-步的提 ^ 昇。 "一關於負極材料的開發,除了碳材的改質外,還有⑴ 二兀或三元成分的鋰合金系统如㈣,由Μ· 等人所研發,(2)A敎το素的氣化物,如^及如的氧化物, 5 200828656 rj^JUUo7TW 22376twf.doc/n 由l底片所開發’以及(3)過渡金屬的氧化物,如C〇0, azar及Tarase〇n所研發,(句過渡金屬的氮化物,由 二!:=7發。目前鋰電池負極材料研究題材,最重要的 二讀望能翔比現有h碳材具有高能量密度與2· 料結構穩定性,並幻·在第-次過程中,可逆電 π里缺^比率提鬲,同時在材料製備製程方面也希望簡 …些需求對應到前述幾個研究方向的優缺點,目 =士上述的研紅作並沒有進—步的突破,而這些研究 也是阻礙新負極材料研發_難點,因此進行中的新 借發卫作需要同時解決上述在材_性與材料製 備衣私上的困難點。 ▲過度至屬磷化物,例如等,已被 二有較高的電容量,以FeP2為例,Nazar等人發 $ 7 ΐ、1250 mAh/g,但經過小於十次循環充放電之 =逢/、私谷戛迅速衰退至無法使用,其鋰離子遷出遷入的 然歸類與氧化物的_存機制類似,但詳細機制尚 /名70、^確"心,因此推論該材料衰退的主因為鐘離子遷入 :二f體積的膨脹收縮,在多次充放之後使得材料結構 朋又 另外,在其他的研究[Chemistry material 2006,18, ]中也提出FeP!等磷化物和目前鋰電池 =表面產生不可逆的化學反應。因此,雖然= ㈣化物具有高電容量的儲存能力,現階 於链離子電池的負極材料。 ‘、、、去應用 【發明内容】 6 200828656 r 7TW 22376twf.doc/n 本發明提供一種磷化物複合材料,能夠具有比碳材更 高的電容量,並且具有較過渡金屬磷化物更佳的結構穩定 - 性,而能夠應用於鋰離子電池的負極材料而得到具有高效 ; 能的負極。 、 本發明提出一種麟化物複合材料,其至少包括一次粒 子,其中一次粒子包括過渡金屬磷化物以及包覆前述過渡 金屬填化物的彼覆層。 如上所述之磷化物複合材料,其中過渡金屬填化物中 所使用的過渡金屬包括鐵、钻、鎳、銅、鋅、龜、鉻、鈒、 欽或航。 如上所述之磷化物複合材料,其中彼覆層的材質為可 使鋰離子通過披覆層的材質。 如上所述之鱗化物複合材料’其中披覆層的材質包括 碳。 如上所述之鱗化物複合材料,其中一次粒子的粒徑小 於 100nm。 1 鲁 如上所述之磷化物複合材料,其中一次粒子構成為二 次粒子,且二次粒子構成磷化物複合材料的粉體。 • 如上所述之磷化物複合材料,其中二次粒子的粒砰小 ’ 於 20 μιη。 二 • 本發明提出一種鋰離子電池的負極材料,其使用磷化 " 物複合材料以作為鋰離子電池的負極材料。、 ^發明提出另一種鋰離子電池的負極材料,其使用磷 化物複合材料和介穩相球狀碳石墨材的混合材料以作為鋰 200828656 r^uu〇7TW 22376twf.d〇c/11 離子電池的負極材料。 如上所述之鐘離子電池的負極材料,其中前述磷化物 複合材和前述介穩相球狀碳石墨材的混合比例為重量比
由上述可知,本發明之磷化物複合材料將能夠藉由彼 覆層來控制-次粒子與轉子反應時所產生的體積膨服。 尚且,本發明之-次粒子將能夠藉由其小於·麵的微
小尺寸,進一步提昇磷化物複合材料的體積膨脹控制能 力。因此本發明之磷化物複合材料將能夠適用於作為鋰離 子電池的負極材料。 為讓本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵和優點能更明顯 易懂,下文4寸舉較佳實施例並詳細說明如下。 【實施方式】 圖1所不為本發明的磷化物複合材料的基本構成元素 的示意圖。請參照圖1,本發明之磷化物複合材料至少包 括-次粒子1G ’其中-次粒子1G至少是由過渡金屬填化 物12以及包覆該過渡金屬磷化物12的披覆層14所構成。 過渡金屬磷化物12是藉由使過渡金屬磷化物中的磷與鋰 離子反應*達成齡轉子的目的,其中過渡金屬鱗⑽ 12所使用的過渡金屬例如是鐵、鈷、鎳、銅、鋅、錳、鉻、 釩、鈦或銃等。而披覆層14的材質例如是可使鋰離子^過 該坡覆層I4的材質’在考慮到與财電解液_紐= 況下,彼覆層Η的材質較佳例如是碳。尚且,—次粒^ 10的粒徑例如是小於100 nm。 ’ 8 200828656 rj切卿 7TW 22376twf.doc/n 此外,本發明之磷化物複合材料中還可以視實際需要 摻雜一些其他的元素,以對其電化學性質進行調整。於本 — 發明較佳實施例中,於本發明之磷化物複合材料中例如是 , 換雜有微量的錫。 、 本發明的磷化物複合材料其實際的外觀形狀主要呈 粉末狀,圖2所示為本發明的磷化物複合材料的粉體結構 的示意圖。如圖2所示,磷化物複合材料的粉體主要是由 馨 一次粒子1〇所聚集而成的二次粒子20所構成,並且,其 中一次粒子20的粒徑例如是小於20 μιη 〇 此處值得注意的是,在本發明之磷化物複合材料中, 由於一次粒子1〇是由過渡金屬構化物12以及包覆該過渡 金屬磷化物12的披覆層14所構成,因此本發明之一次粒 子1〇將能夠藉由披覆層14來控制一次粒子1〇與鐘離子反 應時所產生的體積膨脹。 尚且,由於本發明之一次粒子1〇具有小於1〇〇11111之 奈米等級的微小尺寸,因此藉由此一次粒子1〇所具有的微 鲁 小顆粒尺寸,對於本發明的磷化物複合材料而言,其體積 ^ 膨脹控制能力將能夠進一步的提昇,進而獲得結構穩定性 較習知之過渡金屬磷化物更佳的磷化物複合材料。 綜合上述之磷化物複合材料的優點,本發明之磷化物 複合材料將能夠利用過渡金屬磷化物的特性,而在應用於 鋰離子電池的負極材料時,具有較習知所使用的碳材更高 的電容量。尚且,利用本發明之磷化物複合材料對於體積 知脹k制此力以及材料結構穩定性的改善,而在應用於鋰 7TW. 22376twf.doc/n 200828656 離子電池的負極材料時,相較於習知的過渡金屬磷化物材 料,本發明之磷化物複合材料具有更佳的結構穩定性,而 能夠獲付更佳的循環充放電的能力。
〔實驗例〕 [磷化物複合材料的製備] 首先將硝酸鐵(磷化鐵的前驅物)、磷酸以及氯化錫 加入水中以形成水溶液,接著將水溶液調整至適當的ρΉ 值並控制適當莫耳比,以使硝酸鐵、磷酸以及氯化錫產生 化學沉殺反應,生成奈米級磷化鐵的沉澱。接著在沉澱的 同時加入添加劑例如是高分子分散劑(PAC),以控制產出 之磷化鐵粒徑及碳化層,然後,經過燒結的過程,形成奈 米級的碳被覆磷化鐵的結構。而經由上述製備方法所製得 的石反被覆磷化鐵,經分析可得知磷化鐵的結構為
FeiP’n 17)、碳披覆層為8·5〜η·5重量%,並且錫的摻 雜罝小於3重量%。 圖3所示為碳批覆礙化鐵的粉體結構的電 圖’如圖3所示,雜鐵驗體結構實際上是由一 所組成的二次粒子,其中一次粒子粒徑主要分佈在2〇〜5〇 nm左右,並且如圖3所示,一次粒子是在磷化鐵的外部披 覆碳網絡,以形成將磷化鐵完全包覆的碳披覆層。因此, 3上:電子顯微鏡圖’可以確認依上述方法所製備的碳 米磷化鐵粉體確㈣具有本發明之技術概的鱗化 Ο 材料。 200828656 ιή ww 7TW 22376twf.doc/n [電化學性質的測試] 本發明之經由上述方法所製備的碳披覆磷化鐵粉 體’其%化學性質測試是以商用的介穩相球狀碳石墨材 (MCMB graphite)以重量比1 ·· i的比例和碳披覆磷化鐵粉 體摻混以進行評估。 圖4所示為破坡覆磷化鐵材料的循環伏安(Cyelie Voltammetry, CV)測試結果,此測試可了解鋰離子遷入磷化 鐵材料過程中的電化學反應電位。如圖4所示碳批覆的磷 化鐵材料在測試中顯示,在L〇 V左右開始有還原反應產 生’可推論為電解液與材料表面反應有關,當電位達〇.4v 之後出現一個明顯的還原反應,對照第二圈之後的測試結 果可推論此反應電位為鋰離子遷入磷化鐵的反應電位,而 對應到0.6V的氧化電位,則是鋰遷出磷化鐵的反應,在第 二圈之後,可觀察到此遷入遷出的反應電位電流強度幾乎 維持固定,因而可進一步推論此遷入遷出行為是屬於相當 穩定的電化學反應。 圖5所示為後披覆磷化鐵材料的電容量測試結果的示 意圖。如圖5所示’從電流電壓曲線圖譜可觀察到在第二 圈測試時,0·5 V出現一個充電平台,而在1〇 v左右也可 看到對應的放電平台,隨著充放電圈數增加,平台的充放 、私迅各$並沒有明_低,因此本發明之》炭彼鶴化鐵材 料具有相當的結構穩定度。另外,從此結果也可以觀察到 此碳披覆桃爾料帛―目的充電電容制有_ mAh/g 200828656 rjnyjuuo/TW 22376twf.doc/n 而可逆電容約有550 mAh/g。 圖6所示為碳披覆填化鐵材料的循環壽命測試结果的 示意圖。如圖6所示,在第二十圈測試時,本發明^碳彼 覆構化鐵财 mAh/g的電容量,而_^報導_ ,鐵材_試結果’其在第十_其電容量㈣m()mAh 哀退接近無法充放電雜段,本發明的碳批覆磷化鐵材料 的充放電穩定度有明顯的提升。 由上述之電化學性質的測試結果可知’將本發明之碳 披覆磷化鐵材料與介穩相球狀碳石墨材以重量比混人 所得到的電極材料,其在作為雜子電池的負極材料的^ 用性方面,能夠大幅度的提高。 曰綜上所述,由於本發明之磷化物複合材料的一次粒子 是由過渡金屬磷化物以及包覆該過渡金屬磷化物的披覆層 所構成,因此本發明之磷化物複合材料將能夠藉由披覆層 來控制一次粒子與鋰離子反應時所產生的體積膨脹。 、〃尚且,由於本發明之一次粒子具有小於1〇〇麵之奈 ,等級的微小尺寸,因此能夠進一步提昇本發明的磷化物 複合材料的體積膨脹控制能力。 、因此,本發明之磷化物複合材料不僅具有高電容量, 並且其結構穩定性相較於習知的過渡金屬磷化物能得到長 ^的改善,在鋰離子電池的負極材料的應用方面具有相當 面的發展性與可行性。 〜雖然本發明已以較佳實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以 限定本發明,任何熟習此技藝者,在不脫離本發明之精神 12 22376twf.doc/n 200828656
7TW 和範圍内,當可作些許之更動與潤飾,因此本發明之保護 範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 . 【圖式簡單說明】 : 圖1所示為本發明的磷化物複合材料的基本構成元素 - 的示意圖。 立圖2所示為本發明的鱗化物複合材料的粉體結構的示 意圖。 圖3所示為雜額化賴⑽結構的電子顯微鏡 圖0 一立圖4所示為碳披覆磷化鐵材料的循環伏安測試結果的 不意圖。 立圖5所示為碳披覆磷化鐵材料的電容量測試結果的示 思圖。 圖6所示為碳彼覆磷化鐵㈣_環壽命測試結 示思圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 φ 10 : —次粒子 12 :過渡金屬磷化物 • 14 :披覆層 二次粒子 20
Claims (1)
- 7TW 22376twfdoc/n 200828656 十、申請專利範園: 1·一種磷化物複合材料,至少包括: 一次粒子,其中前述一次粒子包括: 過渡金屬填化物;以及 披覆層,包覆前述過渡金屬鱗化物。 2·如申請專利範圍第1項所述的磷化物複合材料,其 中前述過渡金屬填化物中所使用的過渡金屬包括鐵、钻、 鎳、銅、鋅、錳、鉻、釩、鈦或銃。 3·如申請專利範圍第1項所述的磷化物複合材料,其 中前述披覆層的材質為可使鋰離子通過該彼覆層的材質。 4·如申請專利範圍第1項所述的磷化物複合材料,其 中前述披覆層的材質包括碳。 5·如申請專利範圍第〗項所述的磷化物複合材料,其 中前述一次粒子的粒徑小於100 nm。 6·如申請專利範圍第1項所述的磷化物複合材料,其 中前述一次粒子構成為二次粒子,且前述二次粒子構成磷 化物複合材料的粉體。 7.如申請專利範圍第6項所述的磷化物複合材料,其 中前述二次粒子的粒徑小於2〇 μπι。 斤8·—種=離子電池的負極材料,其使用如申請專利範 圍第1項至第7項之任—項所述的鱗化物複合材以作為鍾 離子電池的負極材料。 #9·-種=離子電池的負極材料,其使用如中請專利範 圍第1項至第7項之任—項所述的填化物複合材和介穩相 200828656 7TW 22376twf.doc/n 球狀碳石墨材的混合材料以作為轉子電池的負極材料。 10·如申請專利翻第9項所述馳離子電池的負極 材料’其中前述磷化物複合材和前述介穩相球狀;ε炭石墨材 的混合比例為重量比1 ·· 1。15
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| CN113460983A (zh) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-10-01 | 常州工学院 | 自支撑过渡金属磷化物/碳复合材料薄膜及其制备方法和应用、一种电池 |
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| US10166529B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2019-01-01 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Method for preparation of various carbon allotropes based magnetic adsorbents with high magnetization |
| KR102000196B1 (ko) * | 2018-03-26 | 2019-07-15 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | 이차전지용 음극재, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 이차전지용 전극 |
| WO2020131947A1 (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2020-06-25 | University Of South Florida | Methods and compositions for oxygen electrocatalysis |
| CN109698341B (zh) * | 2018-12-27 | 2023-10-27 | 格力钛新能源股份有限公司 | 一种电极制备方法、电极及电池 |
| CN110459768A (zh) * | 2019-08-14 | 2019-11-15 | 中南大学 | 一种八面体结构磷化铁/碳复合材料及其制备方法与应用 |
| CN111261859B (zh) * | 2020-01-21 | 2021-04-27 | 山东大学 | 一种金属磷化物/碳复合材料及其制备方法与应用 |
| CN112908714B (zh) * | 2021-02-03 | 2022-09-06 | 湘潭大学 | 微纳米球状锌掺杂镍钴双金属磷化物及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN113307314B (zh) * | 2021-06-04 | 2022-11-25 | 浙江帕瓦新能源股份有限公司 | 一种多价金属磷化物包覆改性的三元前驱体的制备方法 |
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| US5780101A (en) * | 1995-02-17 | 1998-07-14 | Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona | Method for producing encapsulated nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes using catalytic disproportionation of carbon monoxide |
| US5905000A (en) * | 1996-09-03 | 1999-05-18 | Nanomaterials Research Corporation | Nanostructured ion conducting solid electrolytes |
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2006
- 2006-12-27 TW TW095149230A patent/TW200828656A/zh unknown
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113460983A (zh) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-10-01 | 常州工学院 | 自支撑过渡金属磷化物/碳复合材料薄膜及其制备方法和应用、一种电池 |
| CN113460983B (zh) * | 2021-05-27 | 2022-09-02 | 常州工学院 | 自支撑过渡金属磷化物/碳复合材料薄膜及其制备方法和应用、一种电池 |
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| US20080160416A1 (en) | 2008-07-03 |
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