TW200819417A - The method of manufacturing 2,2-bis(4-isocyanatophenyl)propane without phosgene and the intermediate products thereof - Google Patents
The method of manufacturing 2,2-bis(4-isocyanatophenyl)propane without phosgene and the intermediate products thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW200819417A TW200819417A TW95140311A TW95140311A TW200819417A TW 200819417 A TW200819417 A TW 200819417A TW 95140311 A TW95140311 A TW 95140311A TW 95140311 A TW95140311 A TW 95140311A TW 200819417 A TW200819417 A TW 200819417A
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- reaction
- bis
- propane
- isocyanatophenyl
- hours
- Prior art date
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- PGKVHYTTXBKQQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanato-4-[2-(4-isocyanatophenyl)propan-2-yl]benzene Chemical compound C=1C=C(N=C=O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 PGKVHYTTXBKQQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 title 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- -1 diamine formate Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- LBKPGNUOUPTQKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl n-phenylcarbamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 LBKPGNUOUPTQKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 14
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 10
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ORAAZVDXWSKZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bis-(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate Chemical compound CC(CCl)OP(O)(=O)OC(C)CCl ORAAZVDXWSKZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IGARGHRYKHJQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylbenzene Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C1=CC=CC=C1 IGARGHRYKHJQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- DGTNSSLYPYDJGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl isocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NC1=CC=CC=C1 DGTNSSLYPYDJGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010555 transalkylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000654 isopropylidene group Chemical group C(C)(C)=* 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 claims description 4
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- ZYEDGEXYGKWJPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-aminophenyl)propan-2-yl]aniline Chemical compound C=1C=C(N)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 ZYEDGEXYGKWJPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XNCOSPRUTUOJCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Biguanide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC(N)=N XNCOSPRUTUOJCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940123208 Biguanide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- IWPJOHHINGFCEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N(=C=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N=C=O.N(=C=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N=C=O Chemical compound N(=C=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N=C=O.N(=C=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)N=C=O IWPJOHHINGFCEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid monoamide Natural products NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007040 multi-step synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BSCCSDNZEIHXOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl carbamate Chemical compound NC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 BSCCSDNZEIHXOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- KJAMZCVTJDTESW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tiracizine Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2N(C(=O)CN(C)C)C2=CC(NC(=O)OCC)=CC=C21 KJAMZCVTJDTESW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- IAGUPODHENSJEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl n-phenylcarbamate Chemical compound COC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 IAGUPODHENSJEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 8
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 claims 5
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims 2
- BNNMDMGPZUOOOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1.CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 BNNMDMGPZUOOOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 claims 1
- OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isocyanic acid Chemical compound N=C=O OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous cyanic acid Natural products OC#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001454 anthracenes Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004657 carbamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- LBKPGNUOUPTQKA-RVRFMXCPSA-N ethyl n-phenylcarbamate Chemical group CCO[11C](=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 LBKPGNUOUPTQKA-RVRFMXCPSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate group Chemical group [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001212 derivatisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007857 hydrazones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW95140311A TW200819417A (en) | 2006-10-31 | 2006-10-31 | The method of manufacturing 2,2-bis(4-isocyanatophenyl)propane without phosgene and the intermediate products thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW95140311A TW200819417A (en) | 2006-10-31 | 2006-10-31 | The method of manufacturing 2,2-bis(4-isocyanatophenyl)propane without phosgene and the intermediate products thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW200819417A true TW200819417A (en) | 2008-05-01 |
| TWI313259B TWI313259B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 2009-08-11 |
Family
ID=44769787
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW95140311A TW200819417A (en) | 2006-10-31 | 2006-10-31 | The method of manufacturing 2,2-bis(4-isocyanatophenyl)propane without phosgene and the intermediate products thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| TW (1) | TW200819417A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
-
2006
- 2006-10-31 TW TW95140311A patent/TW200819417A/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TWI313259B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 2009-08-11 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| MM4A | Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees |