TW200806586A - Method and system for providing potable water - Google Patents

Abstract

An electrically-driven separation apparatus can be used with a pressure-driven separation apparatus to provide potable water having a desired total dissolved solids (TDS).

Description

。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 SEAWATER AND BRACKISH WATER FOR AGRICULTURAL USEn& June 13, 2006 曰Application of Beauty. Priority of the Provisional Patent Application No. 60/8 04,6 1 0, entitled "ELECTRODIALYSIS AND FILTRATION FOR AGRICULTURAL Φ WATER PRODUCTION" The full text of the two cases is incorporated herein by reference. The present invention relates to systems and methods for providing crop irrigation water and hydrazine water, and more particularly to systems and methods for providing irrigation water and/or drinking water from water having unacceptable dissolved solids content. [Prior Art] Desalting or desalination is described, for example, as a method of removing salt water from water. In some cases, the source of water is salt or seawater and its desalination technology supplies ® at least a portion of the city's intended water use. Desalination techniques generally include distillation based techniques as well as reverse osmosis techniques. Desalting water can also be consumed in commercial and industrial applications, for example, as process feed water, boiler feed water, and irrigation water. Specific examples of industries that can utilize desalination include pharmaceuticals, mining, paper and pulp, and the agricultural industry. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Some aspects of the present invention provide one or more embodiments including a system for generating hydrazine water. The system may include a water source to be treated, a pressure driven 200806586 separation device having an inlet fluidly connected to the water source to be treated, a waste water outlet, a treated water outlet, and an electrically driven separation device having a product water outlet and a flow connection To at least one of the inlet and waste water outlets for which the water source is to be treated, and a mixer having a water outlet and a connection to the treated water outlet and to the product water outlet. A further aspect of the invention provides one or more embodiments comprising a method for producing hydrazine water. The method may include: providing water to be treated; in the electrically driven separating device, processing a portion of the water to be treated to generate first treated water; and in the pressure-driven separating device, processing a portion of the water to be treated to produce The second treated water; and the first treated water and the second treated water are mixed to produce hydrazine water having the desired TDS content. [Embodiment] In its application, the invention is not limited to the construction and configuration details of the components disclosed in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The present invention can be embodied and carried out in various ways other than as set forth in the description herein. One or more aspects of the invention may include systems and techniques for providing water suitable for agricultural facilities. Other aspects of the invention may provide water for use or water suitable for human use or consumption as well as water suitable for livestock and poultry. Certain systems and techniques of the present invention can transform or otherwise render non-drinking water suitable for use in agriculture, livestock, poultry, and/or human consumption. Further aspects of the invention 200806586 may also include systems and techniques for preferentially or selectively removing certain species from other species from the fluid to be treated to produce a product having one or more desired characteristics. In contrast to non-selective techniques, certain selective removal aspects of the present invention may be more cost effective due to avoiding or reducing additional post-processing procedures, such as blending. Accordingly, the system and technology of the present invention economically provide treated water that is more suitable for use for the intended purpose. In certain embodiments of the invention, certain types of species are retained in the treated stream while other types of species are preferentially removed. The resulting product fluid can be utilized in a variety of applications and/or in other situations, consistent with one or more goals. Other aspects of the invention may include systems and techniques that provide water with one or several properties or characteristics tailored to meet particular objectives. Accordingly, certain one or more embodiments of the present invention can include systems and techniques that provide a water stream or liquid having one or several characteristics of one or more traits based on point of use or utilizing the stream or liquid. One or several parameters of the facility are adjusted. Even further aspects of the invention may include systems and techniques that economically provide water for agriculture, industry, commerce, and dwelling. Moreover, certain particular aspects of the invention may include providing water to supply a plurality of expected or various degrees of purity or quality. Thus, in certain embodiments, the systems and techniques of the present invention can provide one or more streams or streams of water in a mixed use facility. A particularly advantageous aspect of the invention may include providing a plurality of streams or streams from a source of water having a high solids content. Each water stream or liquid may have a different level of water quality to a plurality of points of use, each point of use may have a different expectation. This aspect of the invention provides systems and techniques for, for example, treating non-tantalum water 200806586 to render it drinkable and/or suitable for irrigation, suitable for livestock and/or poultry consumption, and suitable for human consumption or use. In some aspects of the invention, water having one or several undesirable species that are dissolved therein can be treated to remove or at least reduce the concentration of such species to a level of compliance. One or several undesirable species may be of any species which renders untreated water unsuitable for a particular application. For example, the water may contain high or undesired concentrations of monovalent cations and/or anions which adversely or undesirably impede the retention of water in the soil or adsorption of other species, for example, including bivalent or even Multivalent species. If the expectation is related to crop irrigation, an annoying condition or characteristic may include water containing one or more species that affects the permeability and/or percolation properties of the irrigated soil. For example, certain aspects of the invention can include causing or treating water to preferentially remove monovalent species compared to non-monovalent species. In accordance with one or more particular aspects, the invention may include embodiments relating to systems and/or methods, including providing or directing a water-driven drive to be treated. Certain embodiments of the invention may include an irrigation system that includes an electrically driven separation device and at least one irrigation water distribution system that are fluidly coupled or at least connectable to one or more water sources to be treated. In some aspects of the invention, certain embodiments thereof may include a method of providing drinking water. Significantly, certain aspects of the present invention provide irrigation water and/or drinking water without the need for thermally driven separation techniques or unit operations. For example, in some embodiments of the invention, the method can include providing water to be treated and processing at least a portion of the water to be treated in the electrically driven separation device to produce one or more of the first treated water Action or step. This method can be additionally packaged

200806586 Water contained in one or several pressure-driven separation devices, typically a separate portion, produces a second treatment. In some cases, the method may further comprise the step of mixing the treated water to produce potable water. The expected total dissolved solids (TDS) content of the drinking water. The pressure-driven separation device has a connection, or at least a connection to a source of water to be treated, associated with the system of the present invention. There may be one or several outlets, typically at least one water outlet. The pressure driven device also typically has a liquid flow outlet that is one of or a species that has been removed from the treated water. Used to provide drinking water with one or several electrically driven separation devices that can be connected to the water source to be treated, to pressure driven. For example, the driven separation device is fluidly coupled to the electrically driven port as described in more detail below. In accordance with a particular embodiment of the present invention, a product water outlet for producing one or more of the process water outlets of one or more mixers having a flow-connected pressure driven device. The mixer may be operated to promote at least a portion of one or more product streams, including a final product stream having a plurality of expected characteristics of the water stream from the water source to be treated. The water to be treated may include seawater, a portion of the salt-containing portion of the water to be treated, one or more actions, the first treatment water, and the second generally having the target or the aspect, which may include an inlet, the flow-driven pressure The device is also exported as at least one waste water exporting species. Generally, the non-period system can be further connected by flow, or can be separated from the device, or connected to, and the wastewater of one or several electrical separation devices can be used to produce drinking water. The system may be connected to, or may be connected to, an inlet and an electric drive, including any mixed unit blend or combination, some t, to form dissolved solid particles or salts having one or water, and/or containing a high concentration of 200806586 Water. Other sources of water to be treated may include water that may not be suitable for use in agricultural facilities due to diafiltration and/or toxicity. Where appropriate, the systems and techniques of the present invention may include a pre-processing subsystem to facilitate operation with one or more principles. One or more pre- and post-processing units may be utilized in one or more embodiments of the invention. By way of example, the systems and techniques of the present invention can include a pretreatment subsystem including one or more filters that can separate or remove at least a portion of any suspended solid particles in the water to be treated #. Such pretreatment subsystems generally remove particulate matter that may impair the operation of any downstream unit of the system of the present invention. Other pre-processing unit operations, including, for example, microfilters and deposition-based systems, can remove suspended solids of 1 micron or larger. Additional pre-processing operations may be utilized to improve the effectiveness of one or more of the unit operations of the present invention. For example, the pretreatment subsystem can include a chiller or heater that is each cooled or heated prior to the separation operation, and the water to be treated can be implemented to cool the raw feed stream, or any intermediate process stream, for example, to Promotes the transport of undesired species that can come from the stream to be treated, or prevents the transport of the intended species. Likewise, heating can be applied to increase the temperature of the raw feed stream, or the temperature of one or more intermediate process streams to the desired temperature, for example, to facilitate economic or efficient operation of one or more separation devices. Non-limiting embodiments of the heating procedure can include a heater, furnace or heat exchanger that can be coupled to the method or system of the present invention or to the unit of the method or system of the present invention. For example, heating can be provided by a heat exchanger of a power plant, which is not necessarily associated with the processing system of the present invention. -10- 200806586 Post-processing unit operations may purify, remove or reduce the concentration of one or more species in the treated water. For example, one or more ion exchange columns can be utilized to remove species that are not immediately removed from the electrically driven separation device and/or the pressure driven separation device. Non-limiting examples of species that may be removed or at least reduced in concentrations that are preferably non-toxic and/or harmless in post-treatment operations include effects that may affect soil agglomeration, water percolation, and/or may be toxic to plant growth. Those chemical species such as aluminum, arsenic, antimony, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, fluorine, lithium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, selenium, tin, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, boron and zinc. Other species that may be faced through one or several post-treatment operations include those that are toxic or undesirable for humans, poultry, and/or livestock, such as, but not limited to, nitrates, nitrites, and vanadium and sulfides. . Disinfection procedures can also be implemented to at least partially inerte or reduce the concentration of microorganisms that may form colonies that are undesirable for humans and/or livestock. Alternatively, or in conjunction with one or more purification unit operations, the systems and techniques of the present invention can include the addition of one or more species to at least a portion of the treated water. For example, gypsum may be added to adjust the concentration of one or several desired species or to adjust the characteristics of the water. When water is used for irrigation, other additives may include fertilizers or other supplements that promote crop growth. Electrically driven devices typically utilize a potential field to create an induction of one or more species, typically the momentum of the target species, which may include expected, undesired species, migration from a carrier or fluid. The electrically driven device can utilize one or more components' to isolate the target species and/or inhibit the return or reverse process during migration. Non-limiting examples of such devices include electrodialysis (ED) devices, including electrical reversal electrodialysis (EDR) devices, and electrodeionization 200806586 (EDI) devices. However, the invention is not limited to a combination of one or such electrically driven devices and may be implemented in other devices that provide momentum that promotes preferential migration of one or more target species in the fluid to be treated over other species. . The electrically driven separation device of the present invention generally utilizes an ion selective membrane to promote separation. In some cases, the selectively permeable membrane may preferentially or selectively permit delivery of certain species relative to other species. For example, a cation selective membrane can be cut in certain compartments of an electrically driven separation device II. In other cases, an anion selective membrane can be cut in one or several compartments. In still other cases, the electrically driven separation device of the present invention can include one or several monovalent selective membranes to selectively promote the transfer of monovalent cation or anion species. Indeed, in certain embodiments of the invention, the separation device of the present invention may comprise a monovalent cation selective membrane and one or more monovalent anion selective membranes, typically in one or more concentrating compartments of the apparatus. Non-limiting examples of commercially available monovalent selective films include NEOSEPTA® cation and anion selective films from ASTOM Corporation of Tokyo, Japan or Tokuyama Corporation of Tokyo, Japan. Pressure driven separation devices typically utilize one or more barriers to inhibit migration through it while allowing the other to penetrate. The momentum that promotes the separation phenomenon generally involves pressurizing the fluid to be treated. Non-limiting embodiments of pressure driven separation devices include microfiltration, nanofiltration (NF) devices, and reverse osmosis (R0) systems. One or more embodiments of the invention may be illustrated with respect to the water treatment system 100' as illustrated in Figure 1. System 1 〇 〇 can be used to provide drinking water ' irrigation -12 · 200806586 irrigation water or both to, for example, point 1 14 system. The processing system 100 can include at least one separation unit operation or separation device 110, which in some cases selectively removes species from one or several species or one or more types of water source 102 to be treated. The system may include one or more monitoring subsystems as desired, which provide an indication of one or more operational characteristics of the processing system. As illustrated, system 1 can have one or more monitoring sensors 108 that provide an indication of the quality of the water produced, or otherwise processed, from separation device 11. In some aspects of the invention, system 100 may utilize one or more parameters of one or more unit operations in the system of the present invention using a control system or controller that is adapted or constructed and configured. Referring again to Figure 1, system 100 can thus have one or more controllers 106 that adjust at least one operational parameter of separation device 110 to at least one expected condition. At least one operational parameter of any of the unit operations in system 1000 can be adjusted using any suitable control technique to provide water having one or several desired characteristics. The systems and techniques of the present invention can include one or more water distribution systems that facilitate the delivery of treated water to one or more points of use. For example, the dispensing system can include an irrigation distribution system that delivers irrigation water to individual points of use in an agricultural facility. To facilitate delivery of treated water, the dispensing system can include one or more storage systems, such as tanks, tanks, wells or other vessels and containers. The irrigation system of the present invention utilizes top and/or surface irrigation techniques to transport water to a designated area. Therefore, the components of the irrigation system can be made non-removable and mobile. One or several storage systems can be considered as part of the distribution system or as an auxiliary subsystem of the -13-200806586 system. The one or more storage systems can further facilitate the provision of treated water having the desired characteristics. For example, treated water having a first condition or characteristic can be stored in one or more storage containers prior to further processing or processing, such as prior to mixing with additional treated or untreated water or liquid streams. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram exemplarily showing some of the features of the present invention in relation to the irrigation system 200. The irrigation system 200 can include a separation device 230 that is fluidly coupled and configured, as exemplified, to receive water to be treated from the source 202 through a irrigation water distribution system Φ. Separation device 220 can process water from source 202 and provide treated water to first point of use 228, exemplified herein as a first type of crop. The use point 228 can be a portion of the crop, for example, it is in a different growth phase than at least a portion of the entire crop. System 200 can additionally include one or more second separation devices 230. Separation device 230 can also process water from source 202 and provide treated water to second point of use 23, through second irrigation distribution system 234, exemplified as a second type of crop. Using point 228, the second point of use 238® can be, for example, a portion of the same type of crop that is irrigated with the first point of use 228, or a portion of the second crop at a different stage of growth. In accordance with certain embodiments of the present invention, the separation device 230 may optionally provide treated water to the first point of use 228 via a conduit or connecting tube 244, replacing and/or replenishing the treated water from the separation device 220. Certain embodiments of the present invention at least partially consider a hierarchical processing plan. For example, the first separation device 220 can provide treated water having a first water quality or characteristic that can be processed by the conduit or dispensing system 2 42 in the second separation device 230 further -14-200806586. A plurality of second separation devices 230 may be utilized in conjunction with the same or a plurality of first separation devices 220 to provide treated water to one or more points of use. Certain embodiments of the invention may include separate devices in series configuration and other embodiments may utilize separate devices in a parallel configuration to provide treated water to meet the volume requirements of one or several points of use. However, in some cases, a combination of series and parallel processing paths may be implemented to provide treated water at a rate or a complex rate, wherein the water stream or one or more of the treated water streams have one or more The expected characteristics. System 200 can include one or more controllers (not shown) to control one or more operational parameters of any component or subsystem of system 200. As with the system illustrated in the exemplary embodiment of Figure 1, system 200 can have one or several controllers that can adjust one or several operational parameters. For example, one or more of the systems 200 can adjust the current, potential, or both of the electric field applied in any of the discrete devices. Other parameters that can be adjusted, for example, include the TD S content, pressure, temperature, pH 値, flow ratio, or any combination of any of the water streams of the system. In accordance with certain aspects of the present invention, one or more characteristics of the treated water stream can be any measured or derived characteristic of the product stream to render it suitable for its intended use at point 112. . However, the invention is not limited thereto; for example, the characteristics of water may be characteristics of treated or product water streams with respect to the flow of water to be treated. This trait or parameter can be a single or composite or aggregate characteristic of water. Specific, non-limiting examples of such traits can include the conductivity or electrical resistivity of water, the presence, absence or concentration of one or several species of particular controller or species in water, and combinations thereof. 200806586 In accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention, the systems and techniques of the present invention provide water having the desired water characteristics that are expressed or quantified as a composite characteristic. This composite property provides an indication of suitability for treated water for special purposes. Thus, the systems and techniques of the present invention can include various operations that seek or at least facilitate the provision of water having one or more of the desired composite characteristics. In terms of irrigation applications, the treated water traits may be appropriate for their suitability as irrigation water. Thus, certain aspects of the invention may be directed to treating non-potable water by adjusting one or more of its characteristics and rendering the water a treated water suitable for irrigation by one or several agricultural facilities. Certain aspects of the invention may provide modified irrigation water suitable for growing or cutting one or more crops in one or several agricultural facilities. For example, referring again to FIG. 2, the system and technique of the present invention can provide a first treatment water having a composite property to a first type of crop 228 and a second treatment water having a second composite characteristic to a second type. Crop 238. The second treated water may be used to supplement and/or adjust the characteristics of the first treated water, and conversely, the first treated water may be used to adjust one or more characteristics of the second treated water. For example, one or more characteristics can be adjusted to meet particular needs by mixing or blending one or more treated streams of water. Special target characteristics can be achieved by adjusting the ratio or relative amount or rate of mixed treated water streams. During typical operation, each of the one or more separation devices 220 and 230 typically produces one or more secondary water streams. Typically, the one or more secondary streams contain one or more undesired species of unacceptable levels. Any or several minor streams of water can be discharged as a wastewater stream. For example, a stream of waste -16-200806586, typically containing one or a plurality of species transferred from the water stream treated in the separation unit 230, can be discharged or transferred to the water source 2 02 to be treated through a conduit or distribution system 236. Likewise, other embodiments of the present invention contemplate combining water flow generally treated from one or several downstream separation devices or a plurality of secondary water streams with one or more upstream separation devices. The wastewater stream can also be vented with other streams that may or may not be directly associated with the treatment system. For example, after mixing with, for example, one or more of the cooling towers, the discharged water can be sent back to the water source to be treated, which may not be a unit operation of the processing system. In other cases, however, one or several # wastewater streams may be stored and combined with water having very low salinity to mitigate water percolation problems (which may result in the filtration of soluble minerals, and salts from surface soils such as calcium). In certain embodiments of the present invention, the secondary water stream contained in the conduit 236 from the second separation device 230 may be introduced separately or in combination with the water to be treated from the source 202 as shown in FIG. In a separation device 220, it is delivered through a conduit 222. The schematically illustrated system depicted in Figures 1 and 2 may additionally include unit operations that facilitate the treatment of water. For example, at least a portion of the suspended solid particles from the source 202 water can be removed by filtering, or in other situations, upstream of the separation devices 220 and 230 using an unexpected system. Non-limiting examples of pretreatment unit operations that may be utilized to reduce the concentration of at least one suspended solid entrained in the water to be treated include microfilters, settlers, and traveling particle filters. In addition, one or more unit operations may be utilized to further process one or more of the treated water streams. For example, the purification bed can be self-dispensing systems 224 and -17-

One or more of the treated water streams of 200806586 234 may be utilized to remove at least a portion of the weak electricity such as, but not limited to, boron, selenite, and arsenic. Examples include ion exchange columns. Promoting the post-treatment one or more operations of the present invention includes adding or, in other cases, those units that adjust the concentration or characteristics of the water stream to cause one or more wastewater streams to be suitable for discharge to the extent that a mixer can be disposed downstream of the present, To facilitate the incorporation of certain embodiments of one or more of the inventions that have been otherwise treated, nutrient, and/or derived therefrom, the salt may be disposed of in the treated water stream. For example, in a treatment or irrigation system, the divalent or other non-monovalent species of selective water flow may typically provide a relatively high concentration stream that can be directed to the treated water stream to provide a target or expected condition. The system and the technical application of the water flow of the species are described in detail in the document No. 1 1/474,299 4 H Electrically-Driven Separation. Prior to its use, one or several species may be further removed by, for example, separate or unique source wipes in other cases. Species that are ionized or ionizable, such as non-limiting strips of such unit operations have been treated with additional units of water flow, one or more of the expected species. Post-processing operations can be used to environment. One or several separate devices or untreated water streams, disinfectants: the desired salts from the source. One or more sources of the class are used to enable or utilize the separation device to remove or reduce the concentration from the treatment to be treated. Such at least one of the non-monovalent species of the intended device adjusts at least one of its characteristics to or water. It is advantageous to provide a method enriched with a case including the one disclosed in the United States, the title of which is Apparatus", which refers to its content, in some cases, in one or more of calcium and/or magnesium salts. [Adjust one or several 200806586 characteristics of treated water flow. Incidentally, one or several of the inherent and/or extrinsic properties of the water stream can be further adjusted. For example, the water stream can be cooled or heated to adjust its temperature. The pH of the water stream or body of water can also be adjusted, for example, by the addition of one or more acids or bases to achieve the desired pH. The expected nature or characteristics may be based on a plurality of factors, for example, the pH of the soil being irrigated, the salt tolerance of the irrigated crop, and, in some cases, the moisture content of the soil. Accordingly, certain features of the present invention provide further capabilities for obtaining one or more of the desired composite characteristics. Further adjustment of one or more properties or characteristics of Φ may be performed after treatment in the separation device, prior to use or directing to the point of use, or during storage of the treated water in one or more storage tanks. However, in certain aspects of the invention, such secondary to a high concentration of one or more dissolved species is considered relative to the first or treated product stream and/or the water stream introduced into the separation unit. The beneficial or economical, attractive nature of the water flow. For example, the secondary product stream can contain highly dissolved solid particles and can be used as a feed stream which can be further processed to obtain additional species ^ or at least to provide a product stream having a high concentration of the desired species. One or more characteristics of the water utilized in certain systems and techniques of the present invention provide an indication of suitability for supplying water for agricultural use. For example, one or more characteristics of water may be the salt content or solid particle content of all dissolved salts, and/or conductivity, and or together with any alkalinity, iron content, and pH of water. To represent. In some cases, the degree of salt content of the water may become an optional parameter when considered in relation to the type of crop that is irrigated via at least partially treated water. Thus, in accordance with certain aspects of the invention -19-200806586, the salinity of water can be used to adjust at least one of the operating parameters of the system of the present invention. In other embodiments of the systems and techniques of the present invention, the characteristic 値 can be expressed as a ratio of species concentrations, which tends to cause the soil to become aggregate or water sorb, which tends to render the soil water impermeable. In accordance with certain aspects of the present invention, the feature can provide an indication of suitability for human consumption and/or water for livestock or poultry use. In some embodiments, the characteristic of the water stream or body can be expressed as the ratio of the concentration of the bivalent species relative to the concentration of the monovalent species in the water. By way of example, the characteristic 値 can be expressed, at least in part, as the sodium adsorption ratio or the exchangeable sodium percentage. The SAR of the water stream or body of water preferably provides an indication as to whether the water may be suitable for irrigating a type or type of crop. Thus, in accordance with certain aspects of the present invention, certain embodiments are related to systems and techniques, which may include controlling one or more operational parameters based at least in part on expected characteristics, which is contemplated The feature is at least partially derived from at least one of the points of use. For example, where a crop is used for irrigation, the expected characteristics may be based on the salt tolerance of the crop and/or one or more characteristics or characteristics of the soil. The sodium adsorption ratio is generally determined according to formula (I): &4j?=-7=J£L= ^[Ca]HMg] where [Na] is water, in mol/m3 (mol/m3) The concentration of sodium species, [Ca] is the concentration of calcium species in mol/m3, and [Mg] is the concentration of magnesium species in mol/m3. Other characteristics of water, or other features, may be utilized separately. Thus, in some cases, the characteristics of water that may be indicative of the quality of water-20-200806586 or suitability for its intended purpose include total dissolved solids concentration in water, pH値, and/or one or more Concentration of toxic or dangerous species. Adjusting the SAR of irrigation water, for example, may be implemented by adjusting one or several operational parameters of the water system. For example, the processed relative ratios with different combined SAR(R) can be adjusted to provide a composite or blended mixture of product water having the desired SAR(R). Included to reduce the flow rate of the water flow through one or several separation devices or to increase the retention or processing period may be used to promote the desired SAR. Alternatively, or in conjunction with such techniques, for example, the level of potential applied by an electrically or pressure driven separation device may also provide treated water having one or more of the desired characteristics. The treated water product of the system of the present invention can dilute seawater and/or salty water to provide irrigation water that avoids or reduces the extent of any soil permeability and/or percolation problems. One or more characteristics of the treated water may be the relative relationship between the various species contained in the water. For example, the characteristic 値 can be the ratio of dissolved sodium species to dissolved calcium. A better expected sodium to calcium ratio of no more than about 3:1 may avoid or reduce the potential for water percolation problems due to soil dispersion and clogging and pore closure of the soil surface. In addition, certain embodiments of the present invention selectively reduce the concentration of monovalent sodium in the potting water, providing a source of water rich in |relative to resist any sodium dispersion during irrigation. The product water can have an s AR range ranging from about 2 to about 8. However, the target or expected SAR値 may be based on one or several factors in the agricultural facility. For example, the target SAR is based on the growth of the crop species - 1 1 - 200806586 in the facility, the growth phase of one or several crops in the facility, and the soil condition including water percolation, sodium quality, and / Or the alkalinity of the soil. Special guidelines that can be used to provide one or more target characteristics of irrigation water include those provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). For example, the exchangeable sodium content that may be interrelated with SAr値 can be used as an ideal feature for water used for irrigation purposes. In particular, sensitive crops such as, but not limited to, fruits, nuts and citrus are generally expected to have irrigated water up to about 8 SAR; other sensitive crops such as legumes may tolerate irrigation water with SAR 値 up to about 18; moderate Resistant crops such as clover, oats and rice may tolerate irrigation water with S AR値 up to about 18 to 46; and resistant crops such as, but not limited to, wheat, barley, tomatoes, beets and high wheat grasses Irrigation water with SAR 値 up to 46 to 102 may be tolerated. When irrigation water does not enter the soil and becomes unusable for crops, the problem of percolation generally arises. Relative to the issue of salinity, which reduces the availability of water, the problem of percolation may effectively reduce the amount of water available for use in crops. Water percolation can increase with increasing salinity and can decrease with decreasing salinity or increasing sodium content relative to calcium and magnesium. In addition, low salinity water, below about 0.5 dS/m, is generally corrosive and tends to filter out soluble minerals and salts of the soil surface, such as calcium, which in turn reduces soil agglomeration and structure. Soils that do not have or have a low salt content tend to disperse and become fine soil particles that fill the void space, effectively sealing the soil surface and reducing the rate of water percolation. The soil may tend to form a shell that reduces the amount of water that enters the underside of the ground and red prevents crops from appearing. Thus, in certain embodiments of the invention, the expected water quality may be further based on the salinity of the irrigated water of -22-200806586. For example, Figure 4, which is based on a publication with Westcot, DW, is titled "Agricultural Water J Irrigation and Drainage, Paper 29 rev.l, UN Food and Agriculture, 1 994, which shows salt content The effects, such as SAR when percolated by TDS concentration, can jointly provide the desired salinity of the irrigation water, which reduces or avoids the percolation problem. In Figure 4, the conductivity of the reference is used to derive the TDS concentration 値. The inter-salt and inter-salt and the conductivity of seawater at 20 °C are determined based on the published physical properties. This is then used to convert the conductivity of the seawater from the above reference into a TDS concentration, and then plot the percolation criteria as stated in the graph for the corresponding SAR. The external embodiment may also provide suitable irrigation water when the irrigation water has a composite character, for example having a TDS content of less than about 1,500 ppm or greater. Certain embodiments of the present invention may provide a desalination system and techniques to remove undesired species/these are in contrast to those of non-selective desalination techniques, and pressure driven procedures. In addition, these systems and techniques are not expected to add a better species to the water stream. For example, the present invention can provide the characteristics of further adjustment of irrigation water without supplemental species. Figure 3 illustrates an additional feature and aspect of the present invention. The processing system 300 can include a first separation device 304 device 306. Separate assembly. 304 and 3 06 are typically processed to -2 3 -

Ayers, R. S. Sense of Quality ", FA0: Organization, 1 9 8 9 indicates that the level and SAR water properties are different from each other, and the relationship between density and interrelationships is correspondingly obtained. SAR 値 Another alternative of the present invention, for example based on heat, may provide a product via addition. Demonstration example and second separation: fluid from one or several sources 200806586 3 02. The water to be treated from source 3 02 generally contains dissolved species of high or unacceptable degree. Thus, one or several separation devices can be utilized to at least partially remove or reduce the concentration of one or several undesired species from the water. As an exemplary illustration, the treated water from the separation unit 304 can be combined with the treated water from the separation unit 306 in one or more mixing operations or mixers 308 to provide the desired sage and/or Or characteristic treated water flow to point of use 3 1 4 . In accordance with certain embodiments of the present invention, treated water may be adapted to be used as drinking water and/or bath water at one or more points of use 314. The first separating device 310 can be an electrically driven device or a pressure driven device. Similarly, the second separation device 306 can be an electrically driven separation device or a pressure driven separation device. In accordance with certain aspects of the present invention, the separation device 304 removes at least a portion of the plurality of undesired species from the source 302 in the water to be treated. In some cases, the first separation device may indiscriminately remove at least a portion of the plurality of undesired species from the water to be treated. For example, the first separation device can be removed using techniques based on R〇 and/or; generally, without prioritization or selectivity, at least a portion of any undesired species. The treated water produced by the pressure driven separation device preferably exceeds the drinking water quality requirements. The second separation device can remove one or more undesired species from the water source to be treated. In some cases, the separation device selectively removes at least a portion of one or several undesired species from the water to produce a product water stream. If the product water flow from the second separation unit does not meet or exceed the quality requirements for drinking water, the treated water from one of the separation devices may be more than -24-

200806586 飮 Water quality requirements, blending or blending with it. For example, the product water having a TDS content of about 25 mg/L is provided in the first separation device and the product water having a TDS content of about 1, 〇〇〇mg/L is supplied to the product water. The blended product of about 500 mg/L of TDS content was produced in combination at a volume ratio of about 2:1. The target content may be a degree of control that meets or exceeds one or several criteria recommended by the World Health Group, and may provide other water and one or more products of the separation device of the present invention to provide water and/or bath water. It meets or exceeds the criteria or requirements set by the government. One or a plurality of waste water streams from the first separation device, one of which has a relatively high level of species discharge nozzle removed from the first process product stream, may be directed to one or several auxiliary use points 3 1 0, or Return to the source. A further embodiment of the invention contemplates combining wastewater water flow through conduit 322 from source 308 of water for treatment in a second separation unit. The secondary or wastewater stream from the second separation unit is vented to the drain port to one or more auxiliary points of use 310 and/or 312, which are sent back to source 302 as shown. As specifically mentioned above, the auxiliary system can be utilized in subsequent processing operations of the system of the present invention. For example, one or more systems that sterilize, oxidize, or otherwise reduce microorganisms in the water can be configured to further treat the water. In addition, as discussed above, there are also one or several storage systems. Certain features of the invention include systems and techniques which include an electrically driven separation device utilizing a selective membrane as described above. For example, in the case of the 7th minute, there is a strong situation. It can also be used in conjunction with the group 302. It can also be used for the conductivity of the catheter and the toxic system: In the case of the 1st, the meaning of the method is as follows, for example, the treated water represented by the TDS content. Quality may be affected by the selectivity of the film being utilized. Figures 8A and 8B show the ability to select a separation device in accordance with certain aspects of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 8A, by using an electrically driven separation device, water having an expected set of characteristics can be produced for irrigating crops. In certain embodiments of the invention, the electrically driven separation device utilizes a monovalent selective membrane to promote the treatment of water, such as seawater and/or salty water, to provide water suitable for irrigation in agricultural facilities. In contrast, non-selective techniques or even non-monovalent selective techniques • Techniques such as reverse osmosis devices, distillation devices, and nanofiltration are not flexible enough to provide treated water that meets the target characteristics. Figure 8B is particularly illustrative of an electrically driven separation apparatus comprising a monovalent selective membrane that provides treated water having an acceptable sodium adsorption ratio characteristic of greater than 2,500 or even 3,000 ppm relative to the TDS content. Thus, certain aspects of the present invention can provide systems and techniques that can be calibrated to remove undesired species while retaining less undesirable species. Moreover, because certain embodiments of the present invention selectively remove monovalent m gastric species, any secondary or concentrated streams that are produced are less prone to fouling and fouling. This feature advantageously allows certain separation embodiments of the present invention to operate at higher water recovery rates as compared to non-selective techniques, as the volume fraction of any secondary stream can be effectively reduced with undesired precipitation. No relationship or a little relationship. Thus, certain embodiments of the present invention for systems and techniques utilizing selective separation of monovalent species can be operated at higher recovery rates than non-selective EDs and distillation-based separation devices, and RO and NF-based separation devices are even operating at much higher yields back to -26-200806586. It is noted that because R 〇 and NF-based separation systems selectively reduce the concentration of non-monovalent species, such procedures do not effectively provide treated water with low SAR 。. An additional advantage of the selective separation systems and techniques of the present invention is the reduction or removal of non-ionic species that have little or no effect on crop growth. For example, in an ED-based system of the present invention, vermiculite is typically not preferentially removed, in order to avoid any fouling or fouling events in the secondary water stream, when processed in the RO and distillation unit. When the stone of Shishi is #, it usually happens. Additionally, because the secondary water flow of certain embodiments of the present invention has generally reduced the tendency to foul, the separation systems and techniques of the present invention have a recovery rate that is greater than the recovery rate of RO and distillation based systems. The controller 106 of the system of the present invention can be implemented using one or several computer systems. For example, the computer system can be a general-purpose computer such as an Intel PENTIUM® processor, a Motorola PowerPC8 processor, a Sun UltraSPARC® processor, a He wl e tt-P ac k ar d PA - RI SC ® processing^ A computer or any other type of processor or combination thereof. The computer system can be implemented using special stylization, special purpose hardware, for example, a specific application integrated circuit (ASIC) or controller intended for a water treatment system. The computer system can include a general connection to one or several One or a plurality of memory devices, for example, may include any one or more of the discs 9 drive memory, flash memory device, Ram memory device, or other device for storing data. Memory elements or subsystems are used to store programs and data during the operation of system 100 and/or computer systems, as described in -27-200806586. For example, memory elements can be used to store historical data as well as operational data relating to parameters over a period of time. The software, including the code implementing the embodiments of the present invention, may be stored on a computer readable and/or writable immutable recording medium and then typically copied into a memory subsystem, where it may then be via one or several The processor executes it. This code can be written in any of a number of programming languages, for example, Java, Visual Basic, C, C#, or C++, Fortan, Pascal, Eiffel, Basie, or any combination thereof. W may couple components of the computer system via an interconnect mechanism, which may include one or more bus bars that provide communication between components integrated within the same device, and/or provide for each of the separate devices A network of communication or interaction between components. Interacting mechanisms generally enable the exchange of information, including but not limited to data and instructions, to be exchanged between components of the system. The computer system may also include one or more input devices, for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a trackball, a microphone, a touch screen, and one or more output devices, for example, a printing device, a display screen, or a speaker. Additionally, in addition to or as an alternative to a network that may be formed by one or more system components, the computer system may include one or more interfaces that connect the computer system to the communication network, one or more implementations in accordance with the present invention. For example, one or more input devices may include sensors for measuring parameters. Alternatively, the sensor, metering valve and/or pump, or all of these components, can be coupled to a communication network to be operatively coupled to the computer system. For example, one or several sensors i 〇 8 can be placed as an input device to connect it directly to the controller 1 〇6, which can be used as a component of the metering valve, pump and/or device 102. Configure as an output device to connect it to controller 106. Any one or several such sub-components or subsystems can be coupled to another computer system or component for communication with a computer system on a communication network. This configuration allows one sensor to be positioned at a considerable distance from another sensor or to allow any sensor to be positioned at a considerable distance from any subsystem and/or controller while still providing data therebetween. The controller can include one or more computer storage media such as a readable and/or writable immutable recording medium having stored thereon signals that form a program for execution via one or more processors. For example, the medium can be a disc or a flash memory. In a typical operation, the processor can generate data, for example, the code that implements one or more embodiments of the present invention is read from the storage medium and entered into the memory, which allows for faster access via one or more processors than the media. News. The memory is generally invariant, and random access memory such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM) or static memory (SRAM) or other suitable device facilitates the transfer of information to and from one or more processors. ® Although the control system is described as a computer system by way of example, various aspects of the invention may be embodied thereon, but it should be understood that the invention is not limited to being implemented in software, or as exemplified in Implemented on a computer system. In fact, for example, it is not implemented on a general purpose computer system, alternatively, it can be implemented, the controller or its components or subsections become dedicated systems or become dedicated programmable logic controllers (PLCs) or distributed control systems. . In addition, it is to be understood that one or more features or aspects of the invention can be implemented in a soft body, a hard body or a tough body, or any combination thereof, -29-200806586. For example, one or more of the blocks of algorithms executable via controller 106 can be implemented in separate computers, which in turn can pass through one or more communication networks. While the various embodiments shown in the examples have been described as using sensors, it should be understood that the invention is not so limited. The present invention contemplates modifying existing facilities to retrofit and implement one or more systems, subsystems, or components to implement the techniques of the present invention. Thus, for example, in accordance with any one or more of the embodiments discussed herein, existing facilities, particularly agricultural or growing crop facilities, including one or more systems configured to provide irrigation water, may be modified. , water or both. Alternatively, existing systems and/or components or subsystems thereof can be modified to carry out any one or several of the acts of the present invention. The functions and advantages of the present invention and other embodiments are further understood from the following examples, which illustrate the advantages and/or advantages of one or several systems and techniques of the invention. Example 1 Φ This example describes the expected performance of an ED device when it is utilized in a water stream to be treated to selectively remove monovalent cations and produce treated water having a lower SAR. Figure 5 is a graph showing SAR 水中 in treated water using various monovalent selective films with varying degrees of selectivity. As shown, if the acceptable or expected SAR is less than about 6, a TDS content of about 3,500 ppm can be obtained using a monovalent selective film having a selectivity of about 5. Also, if the acceptable or expected SAR is less than 3, about 2,7 00 ppm -30-200806586 TDS content can be obtained using a monovalent selective film having a selectivity of about 10. The projected energy demand of the ED device is less than the projected demand of the utilization device. Furthermore, the expected energy expected to treat water in the electrically driven separation apparatus of the present invention is expected to be affected by the linearity of the salinity of the water to be treated. In certain embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the feed stream can be adjusted to reduce the energy expected to facilitate cost-effective separation in the electrically driven separation unit. For example, including the use of seawater at about 25 °C to increase the temperature of the feed stream may provide a product TDS content of about 1,500 ppm and a recovery of about 50%, which may result in a reduction in the estimated energy in the ED module. 6%. Embodiment 2 In addition to removing the operational parameters of the system that are not utilized by the controller, this embodiment describes the performance of the system of the present invention as generally illustrated in the schematic illustration of Figure 1. The ED stack consists of ten active tanks in the concentration and dilution chamber, with five tanks in the downward flow path and five tanks in the upward flow path providing approximately 28 inches of total fluid flow. Program flow path. The tanks utilize a cation selective membrane, a CMS monovalent selective uniform membrane from Tokuyama Corporation to preferentially remove sodium cations, and a heterogeneous ion exchange membrane as an anion selective membrane (I〇NPUREtm anion membrane, 0.018 inch thick) ). The chambers are at least partially formed using a 0.020 inch thick spacer and a 70% open face and a 0.02 inch thick press screen. The ED device was operated with a Ru02-coated titanium electrode at an applied potential of about 2 volts per cell. Feed water system is dissolved by sPectrum Brands Inc. 200806586

The Instant Ocean® synthetic sea salt mixture is prepared in deionized water. As expected, sodium chloride was added to provide a feed solution of SAR(R) (about 5 4) with seawater. The module operates in a single pass mode where both the dilution stream and the concentrate stream are returned to the feed tank. The electrode chamber was constructed as a dilution chamber and fed separately. The calcium and magnesium species concentrations in the feed stream and product stream are determined by standard titration methods. The TD S content is calculated based on the measured conductivity. The sodium concentration is also calculated. Tables 1 and 2 each show inlet and product water flow characteristics. As shown in Table 2, the systems and techniques of the present invention can provide a product water stream having one or more of the desired characteristics. For example, the systems and techniques of the present invention can selectively reduce the concentration of monovalent species to provide water with the desired SAR. In addition, the data listed in the temple table does not match two or more electrically driven separation devices to provide treated water with the desired SAR値. That is, the first electrically driven separation device reduces the SAR of the water flow to provide an intermediate product stream having an intermediate SAR. In turn, the intermediate product stream can be directed to a second electrically driven separation unit to provide treated water having the desired SAR. In particular, Figure 6 shows that TDS content and SAR 可 can be reduced to the desired level by utilizing an E d device with a monovalent selective film to achieve approximately three stages based on this configuration. Other configurations may include more or less stages to achieve one or more of the desired water characteristics. This data additionally shows that various parameters can be adjusted to specifically match the S AR値 in the product water. For example, the flow rate of the treatment can be increased or decreased to achieve the target S A R値. Alternatively, or in conjunction with adjusting the flow rate, the applied potential -32- / 200806586 and/or the total flow path length can be used as an adjustable operational parameter in one or more aspects of the present invention.

Table 1 Feed Flow Characteristics Flow Rate Conductivity Calcium Magnesium TDS S S S L / mm S / cm ppm ppm ppm ppm - 0.064 33.7 340 1940 24062 63 97 29.4 0.072 3 3.7 340 194 0 24062 63 97 29.4 0.072 33.7 340 1940 24062 63 97 29.4 0.076 34.7 3 52 1928 248 3 6 6673 30.7 0.1 15.8 224 1196 1 0 5 96 2418 14.1 0.122 3 3.7 340 1940 24062 63 97 29.4 0.148 49.7 3 16 17 8 4 37426 113 39 54.4 Table 2 Product flow characteristics Velocity conductivity Calcium Magnesium TDS Sodium S AR L/mm S / cm ppm ppm ppm ppm - 0.064 16.0 23 6 1584 1 0766 2094 10.7 0.072 16.2 252 1588 1 0 8 8 0 2116 10.8 0.072 2 2.1 2 84 175 6 15 164 3 45 3 16.8 0.076 24.8 292 1720 17159 4 192 2 0.5 0.1 5.2 124 74 0 3 3 74 374 2.8 0.122 23.3 276 1724 1 603 1 3 8 0 0 18.6 0.148 36.4 268 165 2 26 163 74 93 3 7.5 -33 -

200806586 EXAMPLE 3 This example compares the performance of an electrically driven separation device to the performance of a force driven separation device. The ED module utilized has ten trough groups that are folded to flow through the distilling chamber and the concentrating chamber of the five trough groups, passing through the other five trough groups. Each unit in the module consists of a screen spacer. The slots are 1 4 inches x 1.2 inches. The cation selective film is from Tokuyama Soda. The anion selective membrane utilized was a self-covering titanium plate for the I〇NPUREtm ED module. Various conditions for changing the applied electric velocity and feed composition to obtain effective selectivity Tables 3 and 4 list the feed stream and product water flow properties. The table shows the TDS content of the water selected relative to the membrane used in the ED module. The impact. The feed and product streams and the concentrations of sodium, calcium and magnesium were analyzed. Using these measured enthalpies, the effective selectivity is calculated: in the flow path with the heat drive and pressure, then, and the 0.04 inch of the unit price of the CMS film is used to form an uneven film. / Voltage and current, flow 〇. Figure 7 is an alternative, processed TDS content, according to formula (2)

Selectivity = "η---=Γ 2 AVCa^AvMg L vCa+vMg Ion species i where V is the change in molar concentration of ionic species i and Δν molar concentration. -34- 200806586 Table 3 Feed Flow Characteristics

Calcium Magnesium TDS S AR Sodium ppm ppm ppm - ppm 1 126 428 3 7426 121.66 1 2822 2 141 1928 2483 6 75.42 8 2 8 3 3 136 1940 2 4 0 62 72.92 8 0 0 9 4 136 1940 24062 72.92 8009 5 136 1940 24062 72.92 8009 6 136 194 0 2 40 62 72.92 80 09 7 355 5 112 40268 72.13 1 2 8 5 0 g 3 06 4 3 96 3 5 0 2 8 6 7.75 11193 9 23 4 3 3 96 2 7 129 59.78 8 6 74 10 163 2340 1 928 1 5 1.29 61 84 11 9 8 1336 11356 3 9.93 3 6 5 1 12 90 1196 1 05 96 3 9.45 34 19 13 32 3 84 4014 26.5 13 13 14 32 3 8 4 40 14 2 6.5 13 13 200806586 Selective clothing, extracellular calcium paste, magnesium removal, rg 5LJ2}1 TDS__ S AR -——--- sodium, selective ppm ppm ppm _:___ ppm - 1 107 3 96 2 616 3 87.8 4 8 8 5 2 1.8 2 292 1720 17159 54.42 56 14 1.4 3 276 17 24 1 603 1 50.72 5217 1.4 4 252 1588 1 0 8 8 0 34.66 3420 1.5 5 284 1756 15 164 4 7.14 48 97 1.8 6 236 1584 1 0766 34.51 3 3 8 6 1.4 7 804 5 03 6 34123 60.92 1 0707 3.1 8 704 4276 29348 56.79 9217 2.5 9 536 3 3 24 21566 47.05 6724 3.7 10 3 04 1972 8 897 2 3.73 2604 1 .7 11 1 88 1148 6187 22 .26 187 1 1.6 12 124 . 740 3 3 74 14.58 986 0.9 13 44 236 1321 10.4 400 0.9 14 1 3 2 168 65 1 5.57 181 0.8 The data in Tables 3 and 4 and 7 show when the feed water When the TDS content is reduced, the selectivity of the cation selective film is also reduced. The selectivity for the selectivity of TDS is determined by following equation (3): selectivity = 0.5 9 05 + (5 X Hr5) (TDS) and then reverse osmosis, distillation and nanofiltration relative to other non-selective techniques, The ability of the electrically driven separation device in accordance with the present invention is identified using this selectivity/TDS relationship from the point of view of the composite characteristics as indicated by Figures 8A and 8B, -36-200806586. It is assumed that about 96% of the monovalent cationic species in seawater is sodium and about 4% is potassium. In addition, assuming that all cationic species constitute a TDS content of approximately 37%, the change in TDS can be determined according to formula (4): 23

AvNa^ 0.96 + 40(Δ vCa) + 24(Δ vMg) = 037(ATDS)

It is also assumed that when the bivalent species of calcium and magnesium behave similarly when removed in an electrically driven separation device, the following formula can be utilized:

AvCa _ AvMg VCa vMg uses the above assumptions of equations (2), (3), and (4) to predict the SAR of the product water relative to the TDS. The results are shown in Figs. 8A and 8B, which show an enlarged cross section of the former. Figure 8B, which includes a cover layer forming a region of preferred characteristics of certain crops, shows that the separation technique of the present invention can provide a plurality of actual production streams that meet or cross the boundaries of such target characteristics. Significantly, the separation systems and techniques of the present invention provide intermediate and/or modifiable features that cannot be directly obtained using non-selective alternative techniques. However, in order to provide a comparative basis, the intermediate nature of the treated water is simulated by estimating the actual product produced with a proportional amount of a hypothetical blend of raw or untreated seawater. For example, to provide an estimate of the nature of the SAR/TDS relationship of distilled water products, the feed seawater is mixed with the actual distillate water to predict the characteristics of the intermediate product. Although these practices are generally not used, the predicted intermediate characteristics exemplified in the statements are as shown by the dashed line connecting the actual -37-200806586 data to provide a comparison with the selective separation system. The nature of the SAR/TDS relationship for systems such as reverse osmosis and nanofiltration is similarly simulated by estimating the properties of the theoretically blended product. Therefore, with respect to each discrete, the appropriate technique cannot be modified. The dashed line connecting the actual data points represents a hypothetically achievable modified product and the actual line connecting the actual data shows the modified suitable product. The actual distillate water properties are from Dept, of Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver Office, USA, titled 1'Water Treatment

The publication of the Technology Program Report", Νο·7 1995 is available. Actual data on the water properties of non-selective ED products are obtained from the publication of Turek Μ·, ''Cost Effective Electrodialytic Seawater Desalination', Desalination, No. 153, pp. 371 to 376, 2002. The actual data was obtained from the publication of Tseng et al., ''Optimization of Dual - Staged NF Membranes for Seawater Desalination', AWWA 2003 CA-NV An. Fall Conf., 2003. The exemplified embodiments of the present invention are now described, and those skilled in the art should understand that the foregoing description is by way of illustration and not limitation. Many variations and other embodiments are within the scope of one of ordinary skill in the art and are considered to be within the scope of the invention. In particular, while many of the embodiments set forth herein include method implementations or specific combinations of system components, it will be appreciated that those implementations may be combined with those elements in other ways to achieve the same objectives. For example, the ED and EDI devices can be combined in a two-stage procedure in which the ED device reduces the amount of TDS in seawater from -38 to 200806586 to a range of from about 5,000 ppm to about 6,000 ppm and the EDI device subsequently reduces the TDS content to about 1 , in the range of 500 ppm to about 2,000 ppm. In addition, implementations, elements and features discussed in connection with only one embodiment are not intended to be included in a similar task in other embodiments. It is to be understood that various changes, modifications, and improvements can be readily made by those skilled in the art and are intended to be a part of the present invention. For example, the sodium adsorption ratio can be expressed according to the alternative formula (5): adj \Cax+Mg where Na is the sodium concentration in water in me/L; Cax is the calcium in terms of me/L, which is changed Represents the concentration of calcium species in the water, due to the salinity of the water, the HC03/Ca ratio (in me/L), and the estimated CO 2 partial pressure in the soil surface; and Mg is the me/L, magnesium in water The concentration of the species 〇 φ Also, it should be understood that the present invention relates to any feature, system, subsystem or technique described herein and any combination of two or more features, systems, subsystems or techniques described herein and Any combination of two or more features, systems, subsystems, and/or methods (if such features, systems, subsystems, and techniques are not mutually inconsistent) are within the scope of the invention, as the scope of the claims . The use of ordinal terms such as "first π," second π, π third '', etc., in the scope of the patent application to modify a patentable range unit does not by itself imply that one patented range unit is Any priority, lead or -39-200806586 order or temporary order in which the implementation of the method is implemented, and only the use of the mark as a mark to distinguish between a patented scope unit having a certain name and having the same name (except for the use of ordinal terms) Further units are used to distinguish such patented scope units. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the parameters and configurations described herein are exemplary and that actual parameters and/or configurations will be based on the particular application in which the system of the invention is used. And those skilled in the art should also clarify or be able to determine that the use of only routine experimentation is equivalent to a particular embodiment of the invention. It is therefore understood that the embodiments described herein are described by way of example only. And within the scope of the accompanying claims and their synonyms, the invention may be practiced otherwise . Recited outside the body As used herein, the term " complex "system mentioned item or two or several members. The term M includes '', "include", "car r yin g π, " having ", "containing ” and "involving", whether in written or patented terms, unqualified terms , ie, means "including but not limited to ". Therefore, the use of these terms is intended to include the items listed thereafter and their equivalents, as well as additional items. Regarding the scope of the patent application, only the idiom "consisting of " and ''c ο nsistingessentia 11 yof ” are each a defined or semi-qualified conversion idiom. Moreover, with regard to water, particularly treated water, the use of the term "drink" does not limit the scope of the subject matter of the invention and may refer to water suitable for use in livestock, including consumption. [Simple description of the drawings] The accompanying drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, the same or nearly identical components, which are illustrated in the different figures, are represented by the same numeral -40-200806586. For the sake of clarity, each component is not labeled in each of the figures. Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a system in accordance with one or more features of the present invention. Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a filling system in accordance with additional features of the present invention. Figure 3 is a further schematic illustration of an additional system showing additional features in accordance with the present invention. Figure 4 is a graphical representation of representative ranges of water characteristics in accordance with certain aspects and levels of compliance in accordance with the present invention. Figure 5 is a graph showing the predicted sodium adsorption ratio via electrodialysis, demineralized water, relative to the total dissolved solids content of the monovalent selective cationic film at varying degrees of selectivity, in accordance with certain aspects of the present invention. Figure 6 is a graph showing the staged treatment of the present invention to produce treated water having one or several desired characteristics. Figure 7 is a graph showing the effect of film selectivity on the total dissolved solids content of the product water treated in a device in accordance with certain embodiments of the present invention. Figures 8A and 8B are diagrams comparatively illustrating certain characteristics of treated water produced by the systems and techniques of the present invention relative to other non-selective methods. [Main component symbol description] 100, 200 system 102 Water source 106 Controller -41- 200806586

108 monitoring sensor 110, 230 separating device 114, 134 using point 122, 124 control line 202, 302 source 220, 304 first separating device 222, 316, 322 conduit 224 irrigation water distribution system 228 first type crop 23 0 306 second separation device 234 second irrigation distribution system 23 6, 242 conduit distribution system 244 conduit or connection 238 crop 2 of the second type 00 treatment system 308 mixer 310, 3 12 auxiliary point of use ED electrodialysis EDI deionization TDS total dissolved solids SAR sodium adsorption ratio -42-

Claims (1)

200806586 X. Patent application scope: 1 · A method for providing water for sputum, comprising: providing water to be treated; in an electrically driven separation device, treating a portion of the water to be treated to produce first treated water; In the separating apparatus, a portion of the water to be treated is treated to produce second treated water; and the first treated water and the second treated water are mixed to produce drinking water having the desired #TDS content. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first treated water has a TDS content of less than about 10,000 mg/L and the second treated water has a TDS content of less than about 250 mg/L. 3. The method of claim i, wherein the expected TDS content of the drinking water is no more than about 500 mg/L. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the portion of the water treated in the electrically driven separation device comprises wastewater from a pressure driven separation device 0. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of mixing the first treated water and the second treated water comprises adjusting the relative amount thereof. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrically driven separation device comprises an electrodialysis device. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the electrically driven separation device comprises a nanofiltration device. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the electrically driven separation device -43-200806586 comprises a reverse osmosis device. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the electrodialysis device comprises a monovalent cation selective membrane. 1 〇. A system for supplying drinking water, comprising: a water source to be treated; a pressure-driven separation device having a flow connection to a water source to be treated, a waste water outlet, a treated water outlet; The separation device has a product water outlet and is fluidly connected to at least one inlet and waste water outlet of the water source to be treated; and the mixer has a drinking water outlet and an inlet that is fluidly connected to the treated water outlet and the product water outlet. 1 1. A system of claim 10, wherein the electrically driven separation device comprises an electrodialysis device. 1 2 . The system of claim 1 wherein the pressure driven separation device comprises a nanofiltration device. 1 3 · If applying for a patent, a system of 1st brothers', where the pressure-driven separation device includes a reverse osmosis device. 14. A system as claimed in claim 13 further comprising a filter fluidly connected upstream of the reverse osmosis unit. 1 5 . The system of claim 14 of the patent scope additionally includes a purification unit operation fluidly connected to the drinking water outlet. 1 6 • A system as claimed in claim 15 further comprising a flow rate regulator configured to limit the flow rate of at least one of the treated water and product water introduced into the inlet of the mixer. -44- ψ 200806586 1 7. The system of claim 16 of the patent scope additionally includes a tank that is fluidly connected to the water outlet. 18. The system of claim 16 further comprising a controller for actuating the flow rate regulator and adjusting the flow rate of at least one of the product water and the treated water to produce helium water having the desired TDS content. -4 5 -