CN101500946A - Method and system for providing potable water - Google Patents
Method and system for providing potable water Download PDFInfo
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- CN101500946A CN101500946A CNA2007800295631A CN200780029563A CN101500946A CN 101500946 A CN101500946 A CN 101500946A CN A2007800295631 A CNA2007800295631 A CN A2007800295631A CN 200780029563 A CN200780029563 A CN 200780029563A CN 101500946 A CN101500946 A CN 101500946A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
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Abstract
An electrically-driven separation apparatus can be used with a pressure-driven separation apparatus to provide potable water having desired total dissolved solids (TDS).
Description
Cross-reference to related applications
The application requires the U.S. Provisional Application 60/805 of 22 submissions June in 2006 according to 35U.S.C. § 119 (e), the U.S. Provisional Application 60/804 that 512 (title is " ELECTRODIALYSIS FORDESALINATION OF SEAWATER AND BRACKISH WATER FORAGRICULTURAL USE ") and on June 13rd, 2006 submit to, 610 (title is " ELECTRODIALYSIS AND FILTRATION FORAGRICULTURAL WATER PRODUCTION; ") right of priority, it is attached to herein in full by reference.
Background of invention
1. invention field
The present invention relates to provide the system and method for crop irrigation water and tap water, more particularly, relate to the system and method that irrigation water and/or tap water are provided from the water with unacceptable dissolved solids content.
2. correlation technique discussion
Desalination or desalination are meant from for example water and remove the water treatment procedure that desalts.In some cases, the water source is slightly salty or seawater, and its desalting technology has satisfied the requirement of at least a portion urban drinking water.Desalting technology generally comprises based on those technology of steaming slide and reverse osmosis.In using, commercial and industrial also may consume de-salted water, for example technology feedwater, oiler feed and irrigation water.Can utilize the specific examples of the industry of de-salted water to comprise pharmacy, mining, paper and paper pulp and agriculture production.
Summary of the invention
Aspects more of the present invention provide one or more to comprise the embodiment of the system that supplies drinking water.Described system can comprise pending water source, have fluid and be connected to inlet, the wastewater outlet at pending water source, the pressure-driven tripping device for the treatment of water outlet, have the electricity that desalination water outlet and fluid be connected to pending water source and wastewater outlet inlet one of at least and drive tripping device, and have tap water outlet and fluid and be connected to that treating water exports and the mixing tank of the inlet that desalination water exports.
Further aspect of the present invention provides one or more to comprise the embodiment of the method that supplies drinking water.Described method can comprise the water that provides pending, drive the pending water of a processing part in the tripping device at electricity, to prepare first treating water, in the pressure-driven tripping device, handle the pending water of a part, to prepare second treating water, and first treating water and second treating water are mixed, have the tap water of required TDS content with preparation.
The accompanying drawing summary
Accompanying drawing and not drawn on scale.In the accompanying drawings, each that in different figure, shows identical or near same section by similar numeral.For clear, in every figure, do not identify each part.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram according to the system of one or more features of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram according to the irrigation system of other features of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is for showing another synoptic diagram according to another system of other feature of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the graphic representation of the representative scope of the demonstration aqueous nature accepted level according to certain aspects of the invention;
Fig. 5 is a graphic representation, shows according to features more of the present invention the sodium adsorption ratio rate with respect to the de-salted water of total dissolved solidss content of the unit price selectivity cationic membrane electrodialysis prediction by utilizing the different choice level;
Fig. 6 prepares the graph of the stage treatment aspect of the treating water with one or more character that cater to the need for showing the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a graphic representation, shows the influence of film selectivity to the total dissolved solidss content of the desalination water handled in the device of some embodiments of the present invention;
Fig. 8 A and 8B are that comparative descriptions is with respect to the graphic representation of other non-selective methods by some character of the treating water of system of the present invention and technology preparation.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
The present invention is not limited to following explanation CONSTRUCTED SPECIFICATION described or shown in the drawings in application and part is arranged. The present invention can embody with the variety of way that exceeds this paper example and implement or carry out.
One or more aspect of the present invention can comprise system and the technology that the agricultural facility water is provided. Other aspects of the present invention can supply drinking water or water and livestock and the poultry water of suitable human or consumptive use. Systems more of the present invention and technology can transform or make in addition not, and drinkable water is applicable to agricultural, livestock, poultry and/or people's consumption. Other aspects of the present invention can comprise that making some materials surpass other materials preferentially or selectively removes from pending fluid, with system and the technology that the product with one or more character that cater to the need is provided. Compare with non-selective technology, by avoiding or reduce other last handling process, as mixing, more of the present inventionly selectively remove the aspect more cost is effective. Therefore, provide to system of the present invention and Technological Economy the processing water that is more suitable for desired use.
In some embodiments of the present invention, some types of materials are retained in to be handled in the stream, and other types of materials are then preferentially removed.The product fluid that obtains can be used for various uses and/or satisfies one or more purposes in addition.Other aspects of the present invention can comprise system and the technology that the water with character that one or more adaptations satisfy special purpose or characteristic is provided.Therefore embodiments more of the present invention can comprise system and the technology that one or more current or water body are provided, and described current or water body have one or more according to the attribute of one or more parameter regulation of use point that wherein utilizes current or water body or facility.
Further aspect of the present invention can comprise system and the technology that agricultural, industry, commerce and dwelling house facility water are provided economically.In addition, concrete aspects more of the present invention can comprise providing and satisfy multiple purity or quality requirements or other water of level.Therefore, in some embodiments, system of the present invention and technology can provide one or more current or water body in mixing the use facility.Particularly advantageous of the present invention aspect can comprise from having highly filled water source multiple current or water body (can respectively have different water quality ranks) are provided to multiple use point (each uses point can have different requirements).These aspects of the present invention can provide processing for example not drinkable water so that it is drinkable and/or be applicable to irrigation, be applicable to that livestock and/or poultry consume and be applicable to system and the technology that the people consumes or uses.
Aspect more of the present invention, can handle the water that wherein is dissolved with high-load one or more objectionable impuritiess, to remove this type of material or to be reduced to acceptable level to the concentration of this type of material of major general.One or more objectionable impuritiess can make untreated water be not suitable for the concrete material of using for any.For example, water may comprise high-content or the univalent cation and/or the negatively charged ion of the concentration that do not cater to the need, and this type of ion is unfavorable or desirably do not hinder water to keep in soil or adsorb other materials, comprises for example divalence or even multivalence material.Relevant with crop irrigation if desired, then undesirable conditioned disjunction character can comprise that comprising one or more influences the perviousness of institute's irrigation soils and/or infiltrate the water of material of character.For example, aspects more of the present invention can comprise to be provided or treating water, preferentially removes so that the unit price material surpasses non-unit price material.
According to one or more concrete aspects, the present invention can comprise the embodiment that relates to system and/or method, and described system and/or method comprise that pending water is provided to or introduces electricity drives tripping device.Embodiments more of the present invention can comprise a kind of irrigation system, and the electricity that described irrigation system comprises that fluid is connected to or can be connected to one or more pending water sources at least drives tripping device and at least one irrigation water distribution system.
In other aspects of the present invention, some embodiments can comprise the method that supplies drinking water.It should be noted that aspects more of the present invention that irrigation water and/or tap water can be provided and need not heat and drive isolation technique or unit operation.For example, in some embodiments of the present invention, described method can comprise to be provided pending water and handle the pending water of at least a portion to prepare the one or more operations or the step of first treating water in electricity driving tripping device.Described method can further be included in handles a part of pending water (being generally separate part) in one or more pressure-driven tripping devices, to prepare one or more operations of second treating water.In some cases, described method can further comprise mixes first treating water and second treating water, with the step of preparation tap water.Tap water generally has target or required total dissolved solidss (TDS) content.
The aspect of the system that the present invention relates to supply drinking water can comprise pending water source and have the pressure-driven tripping device of the inlet that fluid is connected to or can be connected to pending water source at least.Pressure actuated device also can have one or more outlets, generally has at least one product outlet to export as treating water.Pressure actuated device generally also has at least one Waste outlet, and as the outlet of the stream that comprises one or more materials, described material is generally the undesirable material of removing from treating water.The system that supplies drinking water can comprise further that one or more electricity drives tripping devices, but this device fluid is connected to and maybe can be connected to pending water source, pressure-driven tripping device or both.For example, be described in further detail, but one or more electricity drives the Waste outlet that the tripping device fluid is connected to the pressure-driven tripping device as following.According to specific embodiments of the present invention, the system that supplies drinking water can further comprise one or more mixing tanks, and this mixing tank has one or more fluids and is connected to the treating water outlet and the electric inlet that drives the desalination water outlet of tripping device that maybe can be connected to pressure actuated device.Mixing tank can comprise and anyly help to the small part blend or mix the mixed cell operation of one or more products streams (comprising the stream from pending water source in some cases), the final product stream that has one or more character that cater to the need with formation.
Pending water can comprise seawater, slightly salty and/or contain the water of high density dissolved solids or salt.Other pending water sources can comprise owing to infiltrate and/or toxicity considers not to be suitable for the water of agricultural facility.
In the time of suitably, system of the present invention and technology can comprise preprocessing subsystem, to help its one or more principle of operation.Can in one or more embodiments of the present invention, utilize the operation of one or more pre-treatment and post-processing unit.For example, system of the present invention and technology can comprise a kind of preprocessing subsystem, and this subsystem comprises one or more separation or removes the strainer of at least a portion suspended solids in the pending water.This type of preprocessing subsystem is generally removed the particulate material of the downstream unit operations of infringement system of the present invention.The operation of other pretreatment units comprise micro-filter for example and can remove 1 micron or bigger suspended solids based on settled system.
Available other pretreatment operation are improved the efficient of one or more unit operations of the present invention.For example, preprocessing subsystem can be included in water cooler or the well heater that cools off or heat pending water before the lock out operation respectively.Can cool off raw feed stream or any pilot process stream, for example to help carrying undesirable material or prevention to carry desirable material from pending logistics.Equally, can heat, for example help the temperature required of economy or the one or more tripping devices of valid function so that the temperature of raw feed stream or one or more pilot process stream brought up to.The unrestricted example of heating means can comprise association or be well heater, stove or the heat exchanger of the unit operation of method of the present invention or system.The heat exchanger of energy facilities that for example, can be by needn't related treatment system of the present invention provides heat.
The concentration of one or more materials in the treating water can be made with extra care, removes or be reduced to the post-processing unit operation.For example, available one or more ion exchange column is removed and is not easy to drive the material of removing in tripping device and/or the pressure-driven tripping device at electricity.General in post-processing operation, remove or concentration is reduced to the material of preferred non-toxicity and/or harmless level at least unrestricted example comprises and may influence that soil is assembled, water infiltrates and/or to virose those materials of plant-growth, as aluminium, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, fluorine, lithium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, selenium, tin, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, boron and zinc.Can be included in the tap water by other materials that one or more post-processing operation are handled to be toxicity or deleterious those materials to people, poultry and/or livestock, as but be not limited to nitrate, nitrite and vanadium and sulfide.The process that also can carry out disinfection so that to the microorganism of people and/or the deleterious certain density formation bacterium colony of livestock to small part inactivation or minimizing.
As select or with one or more refined unit operative combination, system of the present invention and technology can comprise one or more materials are joined at least a portion treating water.For example, can add gypsum, with concentration of regulating one or more materials that cater to the need or the character of regulating water.Other additives can comprise fertilizer or help other additives of crop growth when water is irrigated.
Electric driver general using potential field produces prime mover, and prime mover induces one or more materials from carrier or fluid transfer, and the inductive material is generally the target material, can comprise catering to the need and undesirable material.Electric driver can utilize one or morely during transfer isolates the target material and/or prevention is returned or the element of reverse procedure.The unrestricted example of this type of device comprises electrodialysis (ED) device (comprising reversal of current electrodialysis (EDR) device) and electrodeionization (EDI) device.Yet, the invention is not restricted to one of this type of electric driver or its combination, can in being provided, motive other devices that promote one or more target materials to surpass the preferential transfer of other materials in the pending fluid carry out.
Electricity of the present invention drives tripping device general using ion selective membrane, to promote separation.In some cases, selectively permeable membrane can be preferentially or selectivity allow with respect to some materials of other mass transport.For example, the cation selective film can be used for some compartments that electricity drives tripping device.In other cases, anion-selective membrane can be used for one or more compartments.In other cases, electricity of the present invention drives tripping device can comprise one or more unit price selective membranes, promotes univalent cation or anionic species to shift with selectivity.In fact, in some embodiments of the present invention, tripping device of the present invention can generally comprise univalent cation selective membrane and one or more monovalent anion selective membrane in the one or more concentrated compartment of device.The unrestricted example of commercially available unit price selective membrane comprises
Positively charged ion and anion-selective membrane, available from ASTOM Corporation, Tokyo, Japan or TokuyamaCorporation, Tokyo, Japan.
The one or more spacers of pressure-driven tripping device general using are to stop a kind of substance transfer by allowing another kind of material osmosis simultaneously.The prime mover that helps separation phenomenon generally comprises wanting processed pressurized with fluid.The unrestricted example of pressure-driven tripping device comprises that micron filters, nanofiltration (NF) installs and reverse osmosis (RO) system.
One or more embodiment of the present invention is pointed to water treatment system 100 as shown in Figure 1.System 100 can for supply drinking water, irrigation water or both are to the system that for example uses point 114.Treatment system 100 can comprise at least one separation unit operation or the tripping device 110 of removing one or more kinds or types of materials in some cases from pending water source 102 selectivity.System can choose the one or more Monitor And Control Subsystems that comprise one or more character of operation indications that treatment system is provided wantonly.As shown in the figure, the one or more monitoring sensors 108 that generally provide from the water quality indication of tripping device 110 preparations or processing in addition can be provided in system 100.Aspect more of the present invention, system 100 can utilize Controlling System or controller, Controlling System or controller architecture or the one or more parameters that are constructed and arranged to regulate one or more unit operations in system of the present invention.Refer again to Fig. 1, therefore system 100 can have one or more controllers 106, and controller 106 generally is adjusted at least one required condition with at least one operating parameters of tripping device 110.At least one operating parameters of any unit operation in available any suitable control techniques regulation system 100 is to provide the treating water with one or more required character.
System of the present invention and technology can comprise one or more one or more water distribution systems that treating water is transported to one or more use points that help.For example, distribution system can comprise the irrigation distribution systems that irrigation water are transported to different use points in the agricultural facility.In order to help the conveying for the treatment of water, distribution system can comprise one or more stocking systems, as reservoir, groove, well or other vessel and container.Irrigation system of the present invention can be utilized built on stilts and/or surperficial irrigation technique is transported to the designated area with water.Therefore, the irrigation system part can be utilized not removable and movably install.
One or more stocking systems can be thought the part of distribution system or the assistant subsystem of treatment system.One or more stocking systems can further help to provide the treating water with required character.For example, before further handling or processing, for example handle or be untreated water body or current blend with another kind, the treating water with first condition or character can be stored in one or more pairing holders.
The synoptic diagram relevant that Fig. 2 shows features more of the present invention for example with irrigation system 200.Irrigation system 200 can comprise the fluid connection and be arranged to 202 tripping devices 230 by the pending water of irrigation water distribution system 224 receptions from the source as shown in the figure.Tripping device 220 can be handled the water from source 202, and treating water is provided to the first use point 228, is shown as first kind farm crop in the drawings.Use the point 228 can be for for example being in and whole parts of the farm crop of at least a portion different growing stages of farm crop.System 200 can further comprise one or more second tripping devices 230.Tripping device 230 also can be handled the water from source 202, and by the second irrigation distribution system 234 treating water is provided to the second use point 238, is shown as the second type farm crop in the drawings.Use point 228, second to use the point 238 can be for irrigating to for example first using the part of second farm crop of the part of same type farm crop of point 228 or different growing stages.According to embodiments more of the present invention, tripping device 230 can be chosen wantonly and replace and/or replenish treating water from tripping device 220, by conduit or connect 244 and treating water is provided to first uses point 228.Embodiments more of the present invention to small part comprises the stage treatment scheme.For example, first tripping device 220 can provide the treating water with first water quality or character, and this treating water can further be handled in second tripping device 230 by conduit or distribution system 242.Can utilize a plurality of second tripping devices 230 treating water to be provided to one or more use points with one or more first tripping devices 220.Embodiments more of the present invention can comprise series connection tripping device layout, and other embodiments can utilize the tripping device of parallel-connection structure that treating water is provided, to satisfy the volume demand of one or more use points.Yet, in some cases, practicable series connection and treatment channel in parallel combination, so that provide treating water with a speed or a plurality of speed, wherein one or more treating water flow points do not have one or more required character.
According to certain aspects of the invention, one or more character of processing current can be to make it be adapted at the some measurement and the derivation attribute of product stream of 114 expection uses.Yet, the invention is not restricted to this; For example, the character of water can be with respect to the processing current of pending current aspect or the attribute of desalination current.Attribute or parameter can be the single or compound of water or set character.The concrete unrestricted example of this generic attribute can comprise one or more concrete kinds in electrical conductivity of water or resistivity, the water or types of materials existence, do not exist or concentration and combination thereof.
According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, system of the present invention and technology provide the water with required water attribute, and required water attribute can be expressed as or quantitatively be recombination property.Recombination property can provide the indication of the suitability of the treating water that is fit to concrete purposes.Therefore, system of the present invention and technology can comprise and seek or promote to provide the water with one or more required recombination properties at least.In irrigation applications, the treating water attribute can be relevant with its suitability as irrigation water.Therefore, aspects more of the present invention can relate to handles not drinkable water, and makes water as the treating water that is adapted at irrigating in one or more agricultural facilities by regulating its one or more character.Aspects more of the present invention can provide and adapt to the irrigation water that one or more farm crop grow or cultivate in one or more agricultural facilities.For example, refer again to Fig. 2, system of the present invention and technology can be provided to first treating water with first recombination property first kind of farm crop 228, and second treating water that will have second recombination property is provided to second kind of farm crop 238.The character that available second treating water replenishes and/or regulates first treating water, on the contrary, available first treating water is regulated one or more character of second treating water.By for example being mixed together or the one or more processing current of blend, can regulate one or more character and satisfy specific requirement.Ratio or relative quantity or speed by regulating processing current to be mixed can reach concrete destination properties.
In general operation, one or more tripping devices 220 and 230 generally produce one or more second streams respectively.General one or more second streams comprise one or more undesirable materials of unacceptable amount.Any one or a plurality of second stream can be used as useless stream and discharge.For example, pending water source 202 be drained or be transferred to the useless stream that generally comprises one or more materials that shift from the stream that tripping device 230 is handled can by conduit or distribution system 236.Equally, other embodiments of the present invention comprise one or more second streams (generally from one or more downstream separation devices) are mixed with the current that will handle in the tripping device of one or more upstreams.Useless stream also can with can be directly or can directly not discharge with other related streams of treatment system.For example, treat that discharge stream with after one or more blowdown streams from for example cooling tower mix, can turn back to pending water source, this is not the unit operation of treatment system.Yet in other cases, one or more useless streams can store with the water with low salt concn very and mix, and infiltrate problem with moderate water, and water infiltrates and can cause from solvable mineral of surface soil elimination and salt (as calcium).
In some embodiments of the present invention, second stream that comprises in the conduit 236 from second tripping device 230 can be introduced separately into first tripping device 220, perhaps as shown in Figure 2, and mixes when carrying by conduit 222 from the pending water in source 202.
The illustrative system of describing among Fig. 1 and 2 can further include the unit operation that is beneficial to water treatment.For example, can or remove in addition at the optional system filtration of the upstream of tripping device 220 and 230 usefulness from least a portion suspended solids in 202 water of source.The unrestricted example of pretreatment unit operation that can be used for reducing the concentration of at least a suspended solids of carrying secretly in pending water comprises micro-filter, settling vessel and process particle filter.
In addition, available one or more unit operation is further handled one or more processing current.For example, refining bed further the one or more processing streams from distribution system 224 and 234 remove one or more materials.Can be used for removing weak ionization of at least a portion or ionizable species (as but be not limited to boron, selenite and arsenic) the unrestricted example of this type of unit operation comprise ion exchange column.
Other unit operations that help the aftertreatment of the one or more processing current of the present invention comprise increase or regulate those operations of one or more cater to the need material concentration or current character.Available post-processing operation makes one or more useless streams be fit to be discharged into environment.
Therefore, can promote the another kind of processing or the current that are untreated, sterilizing agent, nutrition and/or the mixing tank of sneaking in the arranged downstream of one or more tripping devices of the present invention from the desirable salt in one or more these type of sources.According to embodiments more of the present invention, one or more Yanyuans can be arranged to introduce the processing current.For example, in processing of the present invention or irrigation system, can utilize the tripping device of removing divalence or other non-unit price materials or its concentration being reduced from pending current selectivity.The examples of such optional device generally provides the product stream with the non-unit price material of relative high density at least, and this product stream can be introduced and handle stream, regulating its at least one character, thereby provides current or the water body that has target or cater to the need condition.The favourable system of the stream that is rich in benefit materials and the example of technology of providing comprises the u.s. patent application serial number 11/474 that is described in pending trial, 299 (its title is " Electrically-Driven Separation Apparatus; ") those, its content is attached to herein by reference.Yet, in some cases, can regulate one or more character of handling current with the source of one or more irrelevant or different in addition for example calcium and/or magnesium salts before use.In addition, can also regulate the one or more inherences and/or the extrinsic property of current.For example, can cool off or flow heated water, to regulate its temperature.Also can regulate the pH of current or water body, to reach required pH value by for example adding one or more acid or alkali.Required character or characteristic can be depending on a plurality of factors, comprise the pH that for example treats irrigation soils, salt tolerance, farm crop to be irrigated and the moisture content of (in some cases) soil.Therefore, features more of the present invention further provide the ability that obtains one or more required recombination properties that relates to.
After can in tripping device, handling, use or introduce use before the point or in one or more reservoirs, store treating water during further regulate one or more character or characteristic.
Yet, aspects more of the present invention comprise with respect to first or the stream handling product stream and/or introduce tripping device comprise useful or economic attractiveness attribute of this type of second stream of one or more dissolved substances of high density.For example, the second product stream can comprise high dissolved solids, and can be used as incoming flow through further handling, to obtain other product or the stream of the product with high density desired substance is provided at least.
One or more character of the water that uses in systems more of the present invention and technology can provide the indication of agricultural water suitability.For example, one or more property lists of water can be shown salinity (as total dissolved salt or solids content and/or specific conductivity), also can be expressed as basicity, ion content and the pH of water or combine with these.In some cases, with respect to considering that by the crop type of partially disposed water irrigation at least the salinity of water can become selectivity parameter.Therefore, according to some aspect of the present invention, the salinity of used water is regulated at least one operating parameters of system of the present invention.In other embodiments of system of the present invention and technology, the list of feature values can be shown that to be tending towards making soil be that the concentration of the impermeable material of water is to assemble or the ratio of the concentration of the material of water absorption with respect to being tending towards making soil.
According to certain aspects of the invention, eigenwert can provide water to irrigating, the people being consumed and/or the indication of suitability that livestock or poultry are used.In some embodiments, the list of feature values of current or water body can be shown the ratio of the concentration of unit price material in the water with respect to the concentration of divalence material.For example, eigenwert to small part can be expressed as sodium adsorption ratio rate or exchangeable sodium percentage.The SAR value of current or water body can provide preferably whether water can be applicable to the indication of irrigating a type or a kind of farm crop.Therefore, according to certain aspects of the invention, its some embodiments relate to can comprise that control is one or more to system and the technology of small part based on the operating parameters of required eigenwert, and eigenwert at least one by the use point of small part needs to produce.When using point to be the farm crop that for example will irrigate, required eigenwert can be based on the salt tolerance of farm crop and/or the one or more attributes or the character of soil.
Sodium adsorption ratio rate value is generally definite according to formula (1),
Wherein [Na] is sodium material concentration (mol/m in the water
3), [Ca] is calcium substance concentration (mol/m in the water
3), [Mg] is magnesium material concentration (mol/m in the water
3).Other eigenwerts of water can be used in combination separately or with other eigenwerts.Therefore, in some cases, can be used as water quality or the eigenwert of the water of the suitability of its desired use indication is included in the concentration of total dissolved solidss concentration, pH and/or one or more toxicity or objectionable impurities in the water.
Regulate for example influence of one or more operating parameterss of the SAR value possibility modulated water-saving system of irrigation water.For example, can regulate the relative ratios for the treatment of water, so that the compound or blended mixts of the desalination water with required SAR value to be provided with different relevant SAR values.Other technologies comprise and reducing flow velocity or increase stop or the treatment time of current by one or more tripping devices, can help reaching required SAR value.In addition or technology combination therewith, drive by for example electricity or the applying voltage levvl and also can provide treating water of pressure-driven tripping device with one or more required character.
The treating water product of system of the present invention can make seawater and/or slightly salty desalination, avoids or reduces soil permeability and/or infiltrate the irrigation water of problem degree to provide.
One or more eigenwerts for the treatment of water can be the relative dependency between the contained material in the water.For example, eigenwert can be the ratio of dissolved sodium material and solubilize calcium.The ratio of preferred desirable sodium and calcium is not more than about 3:1 and can avoids or reduce because the water that soil dispersion and obstruction and the sealing of soil surface hole cause infiltrates the possibility of problem.In addition, the alternative concentration that reduces unit price sodium in the irrigation water of embodiments more of the present invention can provide sodium dispersion phenomenon in the antagonism irrigation of the calcareous water source of relative rich.
Desalination water can have about 2 to about 8 SAR value.Yet target or desirable SAR value can be depending on the one or more factors in the agricultural facility.For example, target SAR value depends on growth phase and the edaphic condition of one or more farm crop in the crop type of growing in the facility, the facility, comprises that the water of soil infiltrates, sodium degree and/or basicity.Can be used for providing the concrete guide principle of one or more destination properties of irrigation water to comprise those that The Food andAgriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) provides.For example, exchangeable sodium content that may be relevant with the SAR value can be used as the desirable feature value of irrigation water.Specifically, responsive farm crop (as but be not limited to fruit, nut and citrus) need irrigation water to have about 8 SAR value at most, other responsive farm crop (as beans) tolerable irrigation waters have about 18 SAR value at most, common tolerance farm crop (as clover, oat and rice) tolerable irrigation water has about 18 to 46 SAR value at most, the tolerance farm crop (as but be not limited to wheat, barley, tomato, beet and high wheat straw) the tolerable irrigation water has maximum about 46 to 102 SAR value.
Do not enter soil and the problem of infiltrating generally appears can not utilize the time in the farm crop that become at irrigation water.With the salinity problem contrast that reduces the water operability, the problem of infiltrating can effectively reduce the spendable water yield of farm crop.Water infiltrates can be along with salinity increases and increase, and can reduce or increase and reduce with respect to the sodium content of calcium and magnesium along with salinity.In addition, be generally corrodibility less than the low salinity water of about 0.5dS/m, and be tending towards the surface soil of solvable mineral of elimination and salt (as calcium), this may reduce soil again and assemble and structure.Not or the soil with lower salt content be tending towards disperseing as the fine earth soil particle, the filling pore space, thus effectively seal soil surface, and reduce the water infiltration rate.Soil will be tending towards forming duricrust, and duricrust reduces the water yield that enters inferior surface, also can stop agronomic crop seed germination.Therefore, in some embodiments of the present invention, required water quality also can be based on salinity of irrigation water.For example, Fig. 4 is based on Ayers, R.S. and Westcot, the open source literature of D.W., its title are " Water Qualityfor Agriculture; " FAO Irrigationand Drainage Paper 29 rev.1, Food and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations, 1989,1994, it shows salinity and the influence of SAR to infiltrating of being represented by TDS concentration, can provide desirable minimizing for irrigation water jointly or avoid the salinity and the SAR value of the problem of infiltrating.In Fig. 4, with the conductivity data derivation TDS concentration value of seawater character from above document.Specifically, between the density of 20 ℃ of seawater and salinity and the dependency between salinity and the specific conductivity determine based on disclosed physical properties.Utilize these dependencys then, will change into corresponding TDS concentration, draw with respect to corresponding SAR value then, obtain the guidance diagram of infiltrating shown in Figure 4 from the conductivity value of the seawater of above definite document.
When having composite characteristic value, as have have simultaneously less than about 8 SAR value about 1,500ppm or bigger TDS amount, other embodiments of the present invention also can provide suitable irrigation water.
Embodiments more of the present invention can provide the desalination system and the technology of removing the material that do not cater to the need with non-selective desalting technology (as based on heat and pressure-actuated method) contrast selectivity.In addition, systems more of the present invention and technology can provide the desalination current and not need to add in addition preferred substance.For example, the present invention can provide not by adding the irrigation water of the further adjustment feature value of supplementation material.
Fig. 3 illustrates other features of the present invention and aspect.The treatment system 300 of example explanation can comprise first tripping device 304 and second tripping device 306.Tripping device 304 and the 306 general fluids of handling from one or more sources 302.The dissolved substance that generally comprises high-content or unacceptable amount from the pending water in source 302.Therefore, the concentration of one or more materials that do not cater to the need removed or reduces by available one or more tripping device from water to small part.As shown in the figure, can in one or more married operations or mixing tank 308, mix with treating water, be provided to and use point 314 so that will have the processing current of required character and/or characteristic from tripping device 306 from the treating water of tripping device 304.According to embodiments more of the present invention, can make treating water be adapted at one or more uses and select 314 as tap water and/or bath water.
First tripping device 304 can be electric driver or pressure actuated device.Equally, second tripping device 306 can drive tripping device or pressure-driven tripping device for electricity.According to certain aspects of the invention, tripping device 304 is removed the multiple undesirable material of at least a portion the pending water from source 302.In some cases, first tripping device can be removed to non-selectivity the multiple undesirable material of at least a portion from pending water.For example, first tripping device can utilize based on the technology of RO and/or NF and remove any undesirable material of at least a portion, general not preferential or selectivity.The processing current that produced by the pressure-driven tripping device preferably exceed the drinking water quality requirement.
Second tripping device can be removed one or more undesirable materials from pending current.In some cases, described tripping device selectivity from water is removed one or more undesirable materials of at least a portion, to produce the desalination current.If the desalination current from second tripping device can not satisfy or exceed the drinking water quality requirement, can add or sneak into a part for the treatment of water from first tripping device above the drinking water quality requirement.For example, provide desalination water at first tripping device with about 250mg/L TDS content, and second tripping device provide have about 1, during the desalination water of 000mg/L TDS content, volume ratio that can about 2:1 is mixed the desalination current, has the mix products of about 500mg/L TDS content with preparation.Target content can be for satisfying or surpass one or the concentration of multinomial governing principle of World Health Organization proposition.Other current are mixed, to provide satisfied or to exceed general by the governing principle of government-regulated agencies or the tap water and/or the bath water of requirement with one or more product streams of tripping device of the present invention.
From the one or more useless stream of first tripping device, generally comprise the high-load relatively material that removes from the first processing product diffluence, can be discharged to discharge outlet, point to one or more auxiliary use points 310, or turn back to source 302.Other embodiments of the present invention comprise makes waste water stream mix with water from source 302 by conduit 322, so that handle in second tripping device.Second or waste water stream from second tripping device also can be discharged to discharge outlet, points to one or more auxiliary use points 310 and/or 312, turns back to source 302 by conduit 316, as shown in the figure.
As above mention, in system of the present invention and technology, subsystem can be used for post-processing operation.For example, can arrange one or more sterilisation systems, as those systems of microorganism active in irradiation, oxidation or the reduction water, with further treating water.In addition, the one or more stocking systems of use also can as above be discussed.
Features more of the present invention comprise that comprising utilization as above discusses system and the technology that the electricity of selective membrane drives tripping device.As shown in Figure 7, the quality of the treating water of being represented by for example TDS content may be influenced by the selectivity of used film.Fig. 8 A and 8B show the ability of the selective separation device of some aspects of the present invention.Shown in Fig. 8 A, drive tripping device by utilizing electricity, can prepare water and be used for crop irrigation with the group character that caters to the need.In some embodiments of the present invention, electricity drives tripping device and utilizes the unit price selective membrane to promote water treatment, as seawater and/or slightly salty, so that the water that is applicable to that agricultural facility is irrigated to be provided.By contrast, non-selective technology or even non-unit price selectivity technology, as comprise and those technology of reverse osmosis unit, water distilling apparatus and nanofiltration can not provide the treating water that satisfies destination properties neatly.Fig. 8 B shows especially, the electricity that comprises the unit price selective membrane drive tripping device can provide with respect to be higher than 2,500 or even 3,000ppm TDS content has the treating water that can accept sodium adsorption ratio rate feature.Therefore, can to provide to remove the material that do not cater to the need be system and the technology that purpose keeps less objectionable impurities simultaneously in aspects more of the present invention.
In addition, because embodiment alternatives more of the present invention are removed the unit price material, therefore, second or the less scaling and pollution of concentrated stream that obtain.Compare with non-selective technology, this feature is favourable to make separation embodiments more of the present invention operate with higher water recovery rate, does not need to consider or seldom need to consider undesirable precipitation because the volumetric rate that can effectively reduce second stream.Therefore, with non-selective based on ED and distillatory tripping device and even higher recovery rate based on the tripping device of RO and NF relatively, the embodiments more of the present invention that relate to the system that utilizes selective separation unit price material and technology can the operation of higher reclamation speed.It should be noted that owing to the concentration that reduces non-unit price material based on the separation system selectivity of RO and NF, so these methods can not effectively provide the treating water with low SAR value.
Another advantage of selective separation system of the present invention and technology relates to and reduces or remove very little or not have the nonionic material that influences to the crop growth influence.For example, in based on the system of the present invention of ED, generally preferentially do not remove silicon-dioxide, general fouling or the pollution problem in second stream that occurs when therefore avoiding in RO and water distilling apparatus, handling silica containing water.In addition, because the second stream scaling tendency of embodiments more of the present invention generally reduces, the recovery rate in separation system of the present invention and technology is greater than the recovery rate based on RO and Distallation systm.
The controller 106 of system of the present invention can be carried out with one or more computer systems.For example, computer system can be general purpose computer, as based on Intel
Type treater, Motorola
Treater, Sun
Treater, Hewlett-Packard
Those computers of treater or any other type processor or its combination.The specialized hardware of the dedicated programmed that computer system used water treatment system is used is carried out, for example application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or controller.
Computer system can comprise one or more treaters, and treater generally is connected to one or more holders, for example can comprise other devices of any one or a plurality of disk drive memory, flash memory, RAM storer or storage data.During system 100 and/or computer system operation, generally with storage arrangement or subsystem stores program and data.For example, the storage availability apparatus stores and the historical data and the service data of the parameter correlation of for some time.The software that comprises the procedure code of carrying out embodiment of the present invention, can be stored in computer-readable and/or the non-volatile recording medium that can write on, generally copy to memory sub-system then, can carry out by one or more treaters subsequently.This type of procedure code can be write with any multiple programming language, for example Java, Visual Basic, C, C# or C++, Fortran, Pascal, Eiffel, Basic or its any combination.
The element that can connect computer system by interconnection mechanism can be included in one or more bus that communication is provided between the element integrated in the same device and/or provide communication or interactive network between the element that exists on the independent discrete device.Interconnection mechanism generally makes communication become possibility, includes but not limited to swap data and instruction between system component.
Computer system also can comprise one or more input units (for example keyboard, mouse, tracking ball, microphone, touch-screen) and one or more take-off equipment (for example type printer, display screen or loud speaker).In addition, except the network that can be formed by one or more elements of system or as its alternatives, computer system can comprise one or more one or more interfaces that computer system can be connected to network of communication.
According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, one or more input unit can comprise the transmitter that measuring parameter is used.Perhaps, transmitter, metering valve and/or pump or all these elements can be connected to the network of communication that operability is attached to computer system.For example, one or more transmitters 108 can be configured to be directly connected to the input unit of controller 106, metering valve, pump and/or the element of device 102 can be configured to be connected to the take-off equipment of controller 108.Any one or a plurality of this type of inferior element or subsystem can be connected to another computer system or element, so that communicate by letter with computer system on network of communication.This configuration allows a transmitter to leave the remarkable distance of another transmitter, perhaps allows any transmitter to leave any subsystem and/or the remarkable distance of controller, and data still are provided between them simultaneously.
Controller can comprise one or more computer storage media, as non-volatile recording medium readable and/or that can write, can store the signal of qualification by the program of one or more treaters execution therein.Medium can be for example disk or flash memory.In general operation, treater can make the data (as code) of carrying out one or more embodiments of the invention read in storer from storage media, and storer allows by one or more treaters than medium visit information quickly.Storer is generally volatile random access memory, as dynamic RAM (DRAM) or static memory (SRAM) or help information transfer to one or more treaters or other suitable devices of shifting from one or more treaters.
Though Controlling System is described as carrying out the computer system of a type of all respects of the present invention for example in the above, should be appreciated that, the invention is not restricted to carrying out on the software or on illustrative computer system.In fact, can for example not carry out on the general purpose computer system, controller or its element or son section can be used as dedicated system or as special-purpose programmable logic controller (PLC) or carry out in dcs.In addition, should be appreciated that one or more features of the present invention or aspect can be carried out in software, hardware or firmware or its any combination.For example, one or more segments of the algorithm that can be carried out by controller 106 can be moved on independent computer, and independent computer again can be by one or more network services.
Though illustrative different embodiments is described as using transmitter, should be appreciated that, the invention is not restricted to this.The present invention includes and improve existing facility, to improve one or more systems, subsystem or element and to carry out technology of the present invention.Therefore, for example can especially in agricultural or crop growth facility, improve existing facility, so that one or more be configured to provide irrigation water, tap water or both systems to be provided according to one or more embodiments that this paper example is discussed.Perhaps, can improve existing systems and/or its part or subsystem to finish one or more processes of the present invention.
Embodiment
The function of these and other embodiments of the present invention and advantage can further be understood from following examples, and these embodiment illustrate the benefit and/or the advantage of one or more systems of the present invention and technology, but complete scope of the present invention is not described.
Present embodiment is described in the estimated performance that is used for ED device when pending stream selectivity is removed the treating water that univalent cation and preparation have low SAR value.
Fig. 5 is for showing the graphic representation that utilizes SAR value in the treating water with other different unit price selective membranes of different choice level.As shown in the figure, if can accept or required SAR value less than about 6, then can utilize unit price selective membrane to reach about 3, the TDS content of 500ppm with about 5 selectivitys.Equally, if can accept or required SAR value less than about 3, then can utilize unit price selective membrane to reach about 2, the TDS content of 700ppm with about 10 selectivitys.
To the prediction energy requirement of ED device less than the forecast demand that utilizes the RO device.In addition, expect that the required prediction energy for the treatment of water is subjected to pending salinity water linear effect in electricity driving tripping device of the present invention.In some embodiments of the present invention, can regulate the temperature of incoming flow, drive the required energy of the effective separation of promotion cost in the tripping device to reduce at electricity.For example, make the feed stream temperature that comprises seawater raise about 25 ℃ so that provide about 1, the product of 500ppm TDS content and about 50% reclaims and can make the prediction energy in the ED module reduce about 6%.
Present embodiment is described essence is utilized the system of the technology of the present invention shown in Fig. 1 synoptic diagram performance, and difference is the operating parameters without the controller regulation system.
The ED stack comprises that ten effective unit that concentrate with dilution compartments are right, has five unit right at downward stream, has five unit right at the stream that makes progress, thereby about 28 inches total fluid flow stream is provided.Sodium cation is preferentially removed to utilizing cation selective film (available from the CMS unit price selectivity homogeneous membrane of Tokuyama Corporation) in the unit, and heterogeneous ion-exchange membrane is used for anion-selective membrane (IONPURETM anionic membrane, 0.018 inch thick).Limit compartment with 0.020 inch thick interval liner and about 70% port area and 0.020 inch thick screen cloth to small part of extruding.The ED device passes through RuO
2The titanium electrode that applies with about 2 volts/unit right apply voltage-operated.
By in deionized water, dissolving Instant
Artificial sea salt mixture (available from Spectrum Brands Inc.) makes feed water.Add sodium-chlor as required, so that the feedstock solution with seawater SAR value (about 54) to be provided.
By the pattern operation, wherein diluent stream and concentrated stream all turn back to filling tank to module with once.Electrode vessel constitutes dilution compartments and charging separately.The concentration of calcium and magnesium material is measured by the standard titration method in incoming flow and the product stream.TDS content is according to the Conductivity Calculation of measuring.The same na concn that calculates.
Table 1 and 2 shows the character of feed water flow and desalination current respectively.As shown in table 2, system of the present invention and technology can provide the current of the desalination with one or more required character.For example, the alternative concentration that reduces the unit price material of system of the present invention and technology is to provide the water with required SAR value.
In addition, data show shown in the table, and two or more electricity drive the tripping device connection can provide the treating water with required SAR value.In other words, first electricity drives the SAR value that tripping device can reduce current, so that the intermediate product stream with middle SAR value to be provided.Intermediate product stream can be introduced second electricity again and drive tripping device, so that the treating water with required SAR value to be provided.Specifically, Fig. 6 shows, by utilizing the ED device with unit price selective membrane in about 3 stages according to this structure, TDS content and SAR value can be reduced to desired level.Other structures can comprise more or less stage of obtaining one or more required aqueous nature.
Data further show, can regulate the SAR value in the different parameters adaptation desalination water.For example, can make the processing flow velocity increase or reduce to reach target SAR value.As selecting or combine with regulating flow velocity, can of the present invention one or more aspect with the voltage that applies and/or total flow path length as regulating operating parameters.
Table 1. incoming flow character
| Flow velocity | Specific conductivity | Ca | Mg | TDS | Na | SAR |
| L/m | mS/cm | ppm | ppm | ppm | ppm | - |
| 0.064 | 33.7 | 340 | 1940 | 24062 | 6397 | 29.4 |
| 0.072 | 33.7 | 340 | 1940 | 24062 | 6397 | 29.4 |
| 0.072 | 33.7 | 340 | 1940 | 24062 | 6397 | 29.4 |
| 0.076 | 34.7 | 352 | 1928 | 24836 | 6673 | 30.7 |
| 0.1 | 15.8 | 224 | 1196 | 10596 | 2418 | 14.1 |
| 0.122 | 33.7 | 340 | 1940 | 24062 | 6397 | 29.4 |
| 0.148 | 49.7 | 316 | 1784 | 37426 | 11339 | 54.4 |
Table 2. product fluidity matter
| Flow velocity | Specific conductivity | Ca | Mg | TDS | Na | SAR |
| L/m | mS/cm | ppm | ppm | ppm | ppm | - |
| 0.064 | 16.0 | 236 | 1584 | 10766 | 2094 | 10.7 |
| 0.072 | 16.2 | 252 | 1588 | 10880 | 2116 | 10.8 |
| 0.072 | 22.1 | 284 | 1756 | 15164 | 3453 | 16.8 |
| 0.076 | 24.8 | 292 | 1720 | 17159 | 4192 | 20.5 |
| 0.1 | 5.2 | 124 | 740 | 3374 | 374 | 28 |
| 0.122 | 23.3 | 276 | 1724 | 16031 | 3800 | 18.6 |
| 0.148 | 36.4 | 268 | 1652 | 26163 | 7493 | 37.5 |
Present embodiment relatively electricity drives the performance of tripping device and the performance of heat driving and pressure-driven tripping device.
It is right that the ED module of utilizing has ten unit at folding stream, make flow process by dilute and five unit of concentrated compartment right, turn to then and to pass through other five unit right.Each unit in the module comprises screen cloth and 0.020 inch hassock sheet.The unit is 14 inches * 1.2 inches.The univalent cation selective membrane that uses is the CMS film available from Tokuyama Soda Corporation.The anion-selective membrane that uses is IONPURE
TMHeterogeneous film.The ED module is utilized platinized titanium plate.Change the voltage and current, flow velocity and the feed composition that are applied, to obtain different effective selectivity conditions.
Table 3 and 4 has been listed the character of feed water stream and desalination current.Fig. 7 is the optionally graphic representation of influence of the TDS content of display process water with respect to used film in the ED module.Analyze the TDS content of incoming flow and product stream and the concentration of sodium, calcium and magnesium.Calculate effective selectivity with these observed values according to formula (2):
Wherein v is the volumetric molar concentration of ionic species i, and Δ v is that the volumetric molar concentration of ionic species i changes.
Table 3. incoming flow character
| Ca | Mg | TDS | SAR | Na | |
| ppm | Ppm | ppm | - | |
|
| 1 | 126 | 428 | 37426 | 121.66 | 12822 |
| 2 | 141 | 1928 | 24836 | 75.42 | 8283 |
| 3 | 136 | 1940 | 24062 | 72.92 | 8009 |
| 4 | 136 | 1940 | 24062 | 72.92 | 8009 |
| 5 | 136 | 1940 | 24062 | 72.92 | 8009 |
| 6 | 136 | 1940 | 24062 | 72.92 | 8009 |
| 7 | 355 | 5112 | 40268 | 72.13 | 12850 |
| 8 | 306 | 4396 | 35028 | 67.75 | 11193 |
| 9 | 234 | 3396 | 27129 | 59.78 | 8674 |
| 10 | 163 | 2340 | 19281 | 51.29 | 6184 |
| 11 | 98 | 1336 | 11356 | 39.93 | 3651 |
| 12 | 90 | 1196 | 10596 | 39.45 | 3419 |
| 13 | 32 | 384 | 4014 | 26.5 | 1313 |
| 14 | 32 | 384 | 4014 | 26.5 | 1313 |
The selectivity of table 4. product fluidity matter and calculating
| Ca | Mg | TDS | SAR | Na | Selectivity | |
| ppm | ppm | ppm | - | ppm | - | |
| 1 | 107 | 396 | 26163 | 87.84 | 8852 | 1.8 |
| 2 | 292 | 1720 | 17159 | 54.42 | 5614 | 1.4 |
| 3 | 276 | 1724 | 16031 | 50.72 | 5217 | 1.4 |
| 4 | 252 | 1588 | 10880 | 34.66 | 3420 | 1.5 |
| 5 | 284 | 1756 | 15164 | 47.14 | 4897 | 1.8 |
| 6 | 236 | 1584 | 10766 | 34.51 | 3386 | 1.4 |
| 7 | 804 | 5036 | 34123 | 60.92 | 10707 | 3.1 |
| 8 | 704 | 4276 | 29348 | 56.79 | 9217 | 2.5 |
| 9 | 536 | 3324 | 21566 | 47.05 | 6724 | 3.7 |
| 10 | 304 | 1972 | 8897 | 23.73 | 2604 | 1.7 |
| 11 | 188 | 1148 | 6187 | 22.26 | 1871 | 1.6 |
| 12 | 124 | 740 | 3374 | 14.58 | 986 | 0.9 |
| 13 | 44 | 236 | 1321 | 10.4 | 400 | 0.9 |
| 14 | 32 | 168 | 651 | 5.57 | 181 | 0.8 |
Data in the table 3 and 4 and Fig. 7 show that along with feed water TDS content reduces, the selectivity of cation selective film also reduces.The dependency of selectivity and TDS is determined according to formula (3):
Selectivity=0.5905+ (5 x 10
-5) (TDS)
Use then this selectivity/TDS relation characterize electricity of the present invention drive tripping device with respect to other non-selective technology (reverse osmosis, distillation and nanofiltration) in the ability aspect the recombination property, shown in Fig. 8 A and 8B.
Suppose that in seawater about 96% univalent cation material is a sodium, about 4% is potassium.In addition, suppose that all cationic substance forms the about 37% of TDS content, make and can determine that TDS changes according to formula (4):
Suppose that further performance was similar when divalence material calcium and magnesium were removed in electricity driving tripping device, can utilize following formula:
Utilize the above supposition of formula (2), (3) and (4) to be used to predict desalination water SAR value with respect to TDS content.The results are shown among Fig. 8 A and the 8B, the latter shows the former amplifier section.Fig. 8 B comprises the coverage diagram in the preferred property zone that limits some farm crop, shows that isolation technique of the present invention can provide the multiple actual product stream that satisfies or cross over destination properties group limit.It should be noted that separation system of the present invention and technology provide centre and/or the adaptive character that supplies choosing method directly not reach with non-selective.However, for comparison basis is provided, by approximate real income product and the former seawater of proportional amount or the supposition mixture of the seawater that is untreated, can be near the middle character for the treatment of water.For example,, raw material seawater is mixed with actual distilled water, with the eigenwert of prediction intermediate product in order to estimate the SAR/TDS nexus nature of distilled water product.Though generally do not utilize these ways, give the middle character of illustrated prediction (representing) and provide comparison with respect to the selective separation system as the dotted line that connects real data.By the character of estimation theory mix products, can be equally near the SAR/TDS nexus nature of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration system.Therefore, for indivedual non-customized technology, the dotted line that connects actual data point represents to suppose obtainable customizable product, and the solid line of connection actual data value is represented obtainable customizable product.
Actual distilled water character derives from U.S.Dept.of Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver Office, " Water Treatment Technology Program Report, " no.7,1995 open source literature.The real data of non-selective ED desalination water character derives from Turek, M., " Cost Effective Electrodialytic Seawater Desalination ", Desalination, no.153, pp.371-376,2002 open source literature.The real data of the desalination water character of nanofiltration derives from people such as Tseng, " Optimization of Dual-Staged NF Membranesfor Seawater Desalination ", AWWA 2003 CA-NV An.Fall Conf., 2003 open source literature.
Described illustrative embodiment more of the present invention now, but it will be apparent to those skilled in the art, aforementioned only is explanation, and is not restriction.Many modifications and other embodiments and fall within the scope of the invention in those skilled in the art's the visual field.Specifically, though a lot of embodiment that this paper proposes comprise the concrete combination of procedure or factor of system, should be appreciated that those processes can otherwise make up with key element and finish identical purpose.For example, ED and EDI device can make up in the two-stage method, and wherein the ED device is reduced to the TDS content in the seawater about 5, and 000ppm is to about 6, and 000ppm, and that the EDI device is reduced to TDS content subsequently is about 1,500ppm be to about 2,000ppm.
In addition, not to get rid of among the similar role from other embodiments only with process, key element and the characteristic of a relevant discussion of embodiment.
Should be appreciated that those skilled in the art can be easy to carry out various variations, modification and improvement, these variations, modification and improvement be intended to be part of the present disclosure, and within the spirit and scope of the present invention.For example, the sodium adsorption ratio rate can select formula (5) to express according to a confession:
Wherein Na is na concn in the water (me/L), Ca
xBe the calcium value of revising (me/L), expression is because salinity, the HCO of water
3CO in/Ca ratio (me/L) and the soil surface
2The water of estimation dividing potential drop compensation in calcium substance concentration, Mg is a magnesium material concentration (me/L) in the water.
Should be appreciated that in addition, the present invention relates to any combination of each characteristic described herein, system, subsystem or technology and two or more characteristics described herein, system, subsystem or technology and any combination of two or more characteristics, system, subsystem and/or method, if these characteristics, system, subsystem and technology are consistent with each other, then should think in the scope of the present invention that claim embodies.
Modify the ordinal number term of claim key element, as " first ", " second ", " the 3rd " etc., it uses independent expression any preferential, successively or order for a claim key element of another or the temporary transient order that wherein carry out a procedure, and just as a token of distinguish a claim key element with certain title and another key element (if not using the ordinal number term) with same title, with the key element of difference claim.
It is to be appreciated that those skilled in the art that parameter as herein described and structure are exemplary, actual parameter and/or structure depend on the concrete application of wherein using system of the present invention and technology.Those skilled in the art only also should be familiar with the equivalent that maybe can determine specific embodiments of the present invention with routine test.Therefore, should be appreciated that, embodiment as herein described only as an example, and in accessory claim and suitable scope thereof, implementing the present invention can specifically describe different with this paper.
All terms of this paper " a plurality of " are meant two or more projects or part.Term " comprises " (comprising), " comprising " (including), " load ", " having ", " comprising " reach " comprising " (involving), no matter be at specification sheets or in claims etc., be open term, i.e. meaning " including but not limited to ".Therefore, the use of these terms meaning comprises Listed Items, its suitable project and other project subsequently.For claim, have only the transition phrase " by ... form " and " substantially by ... form " be respectively and seal or semiclosed transition phrase.In addition, " drink ", do not limit the scope of theme of the present invention, but can refer to be fit to the water that livestock is used (comprising consumption) with the term of the relevant use of water (especially treating water).
Claims (18)
1. method that supplies drinking water, described method comprises:
Pending water is provided;
Drive a part of pending water of processing in the tripping device at electricity, to prepare first treating water;
In the pressure-driven tripping device, handle a part of pending water, to prepare second treating water; With
First treating water and second treating water are mixed, have the tap water of required TDS content with preparation.
2. the process of claim 1 wherein that described first treating water has less than about 1, the TDS content of 000mg/L, second treating water have the TDS content less than about 250mg/L.
3. the process of claim 1 wherein that the required TDS content of described tap water is not more than about 500mg/L.
4. the process of claim 1 wherein that the described portion water of handling comprises the waste water from the pressure-driven tripping device in electricity driving tripping device.
5. the process of claim 1 wherein that the step of described mixing first treating water and second treating water comprises its relative quantity of adjusting.
6. the process of claim 1 wherein that described electricity drives tripping device and comprises electrodialysis unit.
7. the method for claim 6, wherein said pressure-driven tripping device comprises nanofiltration unit.
8. the method for claim 6, wherein said pressure-driven tripping device comprises reverse osmosis unit.
9. the method for claim 8, wherein said electrodialysis unit comprises the univalent cation selective membrane.
10. system that supplies drinking water, described system comprises:
Pending water source;
Pressure-driven tripping device, described pressure-driven tripping device have inlet, wastewater outlet and the treating water outlet that fluid is connected to pending water source;
Electricity drives tripping device, and described electricity drives tripping device to have desalination water outlet and fluid and be connected to pending water source and wastewater outlet inlet one of at least; With
Mixing tank, described mixing tank have the tap water outlet and fluid is connected to the inlet that treating water exports and desalination water exports.
11. the system of claim 10, wherein said electric driver comprises electrodialysis unit.
12. the system of claim 11, wherein said pressure-driven tripping device comprises nanofiltration unit.
13. the system of claim 11, wherein said pressure-driven tripping device comprises reverse osmosis unit.
14. the system of claim 13, described system further are included in the strainer that the upstream fluid of reverse osmosis unit connects.
15. the system of claim 14, described system comprise that further fluid is connected to the refined unit operation of tap water outlet.
16. the system of claim 15, described system further comprise the flow regulator that is arranged to limit the treating water of introducing mixer entrance and desalination water flow velocity one of at least.
17. the system of claim 16, described system comprise that further fluid is connected to the reservoir of tap water outlet.
18. the system of claim 16, described system further comprises controller, and described controller is configured to start flow regulator and regulates desalination water and treating water flow velocity one of at least, has the tap water of required TDS content with preparation.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US80461006P | 2006-06-13 | 2006-06-13 | |
| US60/804,610 | 2006-06-13 | ||
| US60/805,512 | 2006-06-22 | ||
| US11/524,078 | 2006-09-20 | ||
| US11/524,033 | 2006-09-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101500946A true CN101500946A (en) | 2009-08-05 |
Family
ID=40947292
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007800295631A Pending CN101500946A (en) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-05-22 | Method and system for providing potable water |
| CNA2007800302423A Pending CN101500948A (en) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-05-22 | Method and system for irrigation |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007800302423A Pending CN101500948A (en) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-05-22 | Method and system for irrigation |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (2) | CN101500946A (en) |
| ZA (2) | ZA200809946B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105060576A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-18 | 杭州水处理技术研究开发中心有限公司 | Combined membrane treatment process applied to high-salinity industrial wastewater |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2018266639B2 (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2024-03-28 | Evoqua Water Technologies Llc | Water treatment of sodic, high salinity, or high sodium waters for agricultural applications |
| CN109526686B (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2021-04-09 | 桂林理工大学 | Irrigation method for sea rice planting |
-
2007
- 2007-05-22 CN CNA2007800295631A patent/CN101500946A/en active Pending
- 2007-05-22 CN CNA2007800302423A patent/CN101500948A/en active Pending
-
2008
- 2008-11-24 ZA ZA200809946A patent/ZA200809946B/en unknown
- 2008-12-05 ZA ZA200810338A patent/ZA200810338B/en unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105060576A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-18 | 杭州水处理技术研究开发中心有限公司 | Combined membrane treatment process applied to high-salinity industrial wastewater |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA200810338B (en) | 2010-09-29 |
| CN101500948A (en) | 2009-08-05 |
| ZA200809946B (en) | 2010-10-27 |
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