RU2454857C1 - Method of surface watering - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes treatment of strips of an irrigated area surface, covering of strips with a synthetic film and supply of watering water under the film. Prior to coating of irrigated area surface strips with a synthetic film, weed control agents sodium trichloroacetate or treflan are applied on a part of the film surface. The film surface faces heads of irrigated area surface strips.

EFFECT: technology will make it possible to expand functional capabilities of watering by development of conditions to suppress weeds in rows of crops.

Description

The present invention relates to irrigation, and more particularly to methods of surface irrigation with waste irrigation water.

There is a method of furrow irrigation by cutting irrigation furrows and supplying water to them, described in the book by S.F. Averyanov and others. Workshop on agricultural land reclamation. - M .: Kolos. 1970. S. 30-31.

The disadvantage of this method of irrigation is the loss due to evaporation from the surface of the water and from the slopes of the furrow.

The closest in technical essence and purpose of the proposed technical solution is the method of surface irrigation by treating the surface strips of the irrigated area with simultaneous coating with a synthetic film, feeding irrigation water under the film, described in patent RU No. 2365095 C1, IPC A01G 25/00 (2006.01), published in bull. No.24 08/27/2009.

The method lacks the ability to suppress weeds in the rows of plants.

The aim of the invention is to expand the functionality of the irrigation method by creating conditions for suppressing weeds in rows of cultivated plants.

This goal is achieved by the fact that before coating the stripes of the surface of the irrigated area with a synthetic film, weed control agents trichloroacetate or treflan are applied to the part of the film surface facing the heads of the stripes of the surface of the irrigated area.

To implement the method, the middle parts are loosened and the side parts of the strips of the surface of the irrigated area are compacted. Each strip is covered with a synthetic film, the edges of which are embedded in the soil. Before coating the strips, weed control trichloroacetate or treflan is applied to a part of the surface of the film facing the heads of the strips of the surface of the irrigated area. Then, irrigation water is supplied under the film. Irrigation water dissolves the herbicide, is filtered into the slopes of the furrow, and in the form of a solution transfers it to the roots of weeds. After 5-6 days, weeds die.

Soil herbicides, sodium trichloroacetate or treflan are applied to the film in the form of granules encapsulated by sticky polymer hydrogels based on N-vinylpyrrolidone, polyamines, cellulose. Herbicides can be applied to the film in two steps. At the first stage, a layer of sticky polymer hydrogel and then herbicide particles are applied to the film. Polymer hydrogels do not adversely affect the quality of irrigation water, plants, soil and do not reduce the effectiveness of the herbicide. The length of the zone of application of the herbicide in the head of the strip take no more than 1/3 of the length of the irrigation strip. Increasing the length of the zone of application of the herbicide in excess of 1/3 reduces the uniform distribution of the herbicide along the length of the irrigation strip. Reducing the length of the zone of application of the herbicide increases the complexity of setting the dispensers.

The application rate of soil herbicide is set according to the reference literature in accordance with the type of herbicide, the type of cultivated and weed plants, and the type of soil. To configure the herbicide-feeding dispensers, the rate of application of the herbicide in units of kilogram per hectare is converted into units of kilogram per irrigation strip. Recalculation is performed according to the formula: n = (N · l · a ) / 10000, where n is the rate of application of the herbicide kg / lane; N - rate of application of the herbicide kg / ha; l is the length of the irrigation strip, m; but - the distance between the axes of the irrigation strips, m. For example, the rate of application of treflan on soybean crops is 1.5 kg / ha of active substance. The distance between the axes of irrigation strips with a length of 100 m is 0.6 m. The dispensers supplying the herbicide are adjusted to the flow rate of the herbicide (1.5 · 100 · 0.6) / 10000, kg / strip.

The length of irrigation strips is taken from 75 to 120 m. Simultaneously with the treatment, irrigation strips are covered with a synthetic film, the longitudinal edges of which are embedded in the soil. The edges of the film in the heads of irrigation strips are fixed on the underground outlets of distribution pipelines. 0.25 l / s is fed to the heads of irrigation strips under pressure. The pressure value is taken within 0.4-0.6 m water column (0.04-0.06 atm). With a pressure of less than 0.4 m. Art. the rate of movement of water along the length of the irrigation strip decreases sharply. With a pressure of more than 0.6 m. Art. tearing of the synthetic film is possible.

The width of irrigation strips is taken in the range from 0.2 to 0.4 m. When the width of the irrigation strip is less than 0.2 m, the irrigation time increases significantly due to the reduction in the absorption area of irrigation water. With an irrigation band width of more than 0.4 m, formation of a faulty flow and soil water erosion are possible.

It is rational to use an opaque reclamation film 120-150 microns thick as a synthetic film.

The proposed method of irrigation along the stripes of the surface of the irrigated area expands the functionality of the analogue method by applying weed control agents to a part of the film surface facing the heads of the stripes of the surface of the irrigated area, which suppresses weeds in rows of cultivated plants.

Claims (1)

The irrigation method, including processing the surface strips of the irrigated area, coating them with a synthetic film and supplying irrigation water under the film, characterized in that before the coating of the surface strips of the irrigated area with synthetic film, anti-spraying agents are applied against the surface of the film strips. weed sodium trichloroacetate or treflan.