RU2567129C1 - Method of combined irrigation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises coating the bands of the surface of the irrigation strip with synthetic film, the longitudinal edges of the film are embedded in the soil, the edges of the film in the heads of irrigation strips are fixed to the underground water outlets of distribution pipelines, the irrigation water is fed to the heads of irrigation strips (under the film) under pressure, the water lifts the film above field surface, forming film rollers over the irrigation strips, after lag of water to the end of the irrigation strip the irrigation water is fed on the field areas between the irrigation strips from the outlet furrow or from outlets of the irrigation hose. The synthetic film is used as opaque ameliorative film having a thickness of 120-150 microns. Heating the irrigation water under the film ensures destruction of pests, microbes, pathogenic fungi, weed seeds and their seedlings.

EFFECT: reduction of irrigation duration.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and forestry, and more particularly to methods of surface irrigation.

There is a method of furrow irrigation by cutting irrigation furrows and supplying water to them (Workshop on agricultural land reclamation. Edited by S.F. Averyanov and others - M .: Kolos. 1970. S. 30-31).

The disadvantage of this method of irrigation is the loss due to evaporation from the surface of the water and from the slopes of the furrow.

The closest in technical essence and purpose of the proposed technical solution is the method of irrigation, including coating the stripes of the surface of the irrigated area with a synthetic film, feeding irrigation water under the film (patent RU No. 2365095. IPC A01G 25/00 (2006.01), publ. Bulletin No. 24 27.08 .2009).

The disadvantage of this method of irrigation is the increased duration of irrigation.

The aim of the invention is to reduce the duration of irrigation.

The goal is achieved due to the fact that after the water reaches the end of the irrigation strip, irrigation water is supplied to the fields between the irrigation strips. When using this method, the irrigation time is reduced by 2 times, and when heating the irrigation water in the irrigation strips under the film, the destruction of pests, microbes, pathogenic fungi, weed seeds and their seedlings is ensured.

The essence of the combined method of irrigation, including coating the strips of the surface of the irrigation strip with a synthetic film, feeding irrigation water under the film, is that after the water reaches the end of the irrigation strip, irrigation water is supplied to the field sections between the irrigation strips.

The proposed method is implemented as follows. Aisles are covered with layers of synthetic film, forming irrigation stripes. The length of irrigation strips is from 95 to 180 m. The longitudinal edges of the film are embedded in the soil. The edges of the film in the heads of irrigation strips are fixed on the underground outlets of distribution pipelines. Irrigation water is supplied to the heads of irrigation strips under pressure. Pressure irrigation water raises the film above the field surface, forming film rollers above the irrigation strips. After the irrigation water reaches the end of the irrigation strip, irrigation water is supplied to the sections of the field between the irrigation strips. The duration of running irrigation water to the end of the irrigation strip depends on the topography, soil texture, cultivated crops. It can vary within 1-2% of the duration of irrigation.

Irrigation water is supplied to the fields between the irrigation strips from the outlet furrow or from the outlets of the irrigation hose. The flow rate of irrigation water to sections of the field between the irrigation strips depends on the rate of irrigation, slope and soil texture of the plot. It is taken within 0.19-0.30 l / s. The duration of water supply to the fields between the irrigation strips of irrigation is determined by the formula t = l · a · m / 3.6 · q, where t is the duration of the water supply, hours; l is the length of the irrigation strip; a - the width of the fields between the irrigation strips, m; m is the norm of irrigation, m; q is the flow rate of irrigation water to areas of the field between irrigation strips, l / s. The magnitude of the irrigation norm depends on the topography of the site, the cultivated crop, irrigation technique, and soil properties.

The pressure on the underground water outlets of the distribution pipeline is taken within 0.4-0.6 m water column (0.04-0.06 atm). With a pressure of less than 0.4 m water the rate of movement of water along the length of the irrigation strip decreases sharply. With a pressure of more than 0.6 m water tearing of the synthetic film is possible. The width of irrigation strips is taken in the range from 0.2 to 0.4 m. When the width of the irrigation strip is less than 0.2 m, the irrigation time increases significantly due to the reduction in the absorption area of irrigation water. With an irrigation band width of more than 0.4 m, formation of a fault current and soil water erosion are possible.

It is rational to use an opaque reclamation film 120-150 microns thick as a synthetic film. Heating the irrigation water in the irrigation strips under the film ensures the destruction of pests, microbes, pathogenic fungi, weed seeds and their seedlings.

An example implementation of the proposed method. The soils of the site are medium loamy serozems. The length of the irrigation strip is 150 m. The irrigation norm is 0.1 m. Cotton is cultivated on the site. Irrigation strips 0.35 m wide are covered with a synthetic film through a mechanized aggregate. The distance between the irrigation strips is 0.4 m. The edges of the film in the head of the irrigation strip are fixed on the underground outlets of the distribution pipeline. Under a film under a pressure of 0.5 m water column supply irrigation water with a flow rate of 0.22 l / s. The duration of irrigation water supply is t _n = l · b · m / 3.6 · q _n = 150 · 0.35 · 0.1 / 3.6 · 0.22 = 6.6 hours, where t _n is the duration of irrigation water supply under the film, hours; b is the width of the irrigation strip, m; q _n is the flow rate supplied to the head of the irrigation strip, l / s. The remaining notation is the same. After the irrigation water reaches the end of the irrigation strip, irrigated water with a flow rate of 0.27 l / s is supplied to the sections of the field between the irrigation strips from the outlet furrow. Duration of running irrigation water is 0.05 hours. The duration of irrigation water supply is t = l · a · m / 3.6 · q = 150 · 0.4 · 0.1 / 3.6 · 0.27 = 6.2 hours. When irrigation water is supplied only under the film by an analogous method, the irrigation duration is t _n = l · (b + a) · m / 3.6 · q _n = 150 · (0.35 + 0.4) · 0.1 / 3.6 · 0.22 = 14.2 hours.

Claims (1)

The method of combined irrigation, including coating the strips of the surface of the irrigation strip with a synthetic film, feeding irrigation water under the film, characterized in that after the water reaches the end of the irrigation strip, irrigation water is supplied to the field sections between the irrigation strips.