RU2414120C1 - Method of surface watering - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes tillage of middle and compaction of side parts of strips in surface of watered site with their simultaneous coverage by synthetic film, supply of irrigation water under film. Prior to compaction of side parts in strips on surface of watered site, magnetoactive material is applied in them. Magnetoactive material is represented by magnetised particles of crushed slag from ferrous metallurgy.

EFFECT: technology will make it possible to reduce hardness of irrigation water.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to irrigation, and specifically to methods of surface irrigation.

There is a method of furrow irrigation by cutting irrigation furrows and supplying water to them, described in the book: S.F. Averyanova and others. Workshop on agricultural land reclamation. - M .: Kolos. 1970. S. 30-31.

The disadvantage of this method of irrigation is the loss due to evaporation from the surface of the water and from the slopes of the furrow.

The closest in technical essence and purpose of the proposed technical solution is the method of surface irrigation by loosening the middle and sealing the side parts of the strips of the surface of the irrigated area while coating them with a synthetic film, applying irrigation water under the film, described in patent RU No. 2365095, IPC A01G 25/00 (2006.01) published in Bul. No. 24, 08/27/2009.

The disadvantage of this method is a narrow range of functionality, which does not allow to affect irrigation water with a magnetic field.

The aim of the invention is to expand the functionality of the irrigation method by creating conditions for the magnetic treatment of irrigation water.

This goal is achieved by the fact that before compaction of the side parts of the stripes of the surface of the irrigated area on them make magnetic material. As magnetically active material, magnetized particles of crushed slag of ferrous metallurgy are used.

The essence of the proposed method of irrigation is illustrated in the drawing. The drawing shows a cross section of irrigation strips. To implement the method, the middle parts 1 are loosened and the side parts 2 of the stripes of the surface of the irrigated area are compacted. Each strip is covered with a synthetic film 3, the edges 4 of which are embedded in the soil. Irrigation water 5 is supplied under the film 3. Before compaction, magnetic material 6 is introduced onto the side parts of the 2 strips 6. The jets 7 of the central volume of irrigation water 5 go into the soil depth. The jets 8 of the lateral parts of the volume of irrigation water 5 go into the rows of plants.

As magnetically active material, magnetized particles of crushed slag of ferrous metallurgy are used. Ferrous metallurgy slag contains up to 20-25% of iron. Iron treated with a magnetic field in the particles of crushed slag of ferrous metallurgy is magnetized.

Irrigation water moves along the irrigation strip, falls under the influence of a magnetic field. The magnetic field reduces the hardness of irrigation water and improves its quality.

When placing magnetically active material in the lateral parts of the irrigation strip, the magnetic field more intensively affects the jets of the lateral parts of the irrigation water volume. The jets of the lateral parts of the volume of irrigation water in the strip extend into rows of plants. The jets of the central part of the irrigation water volume in the strip go deep into the soil and do not significantly affect the plants.

The prior art placement of magnetic granules under the substrate layer (see, for example, SU 1546019 A1, 02.28.90 (abstract, examples 1-3). Magnetic granules are placed not on the edges of the irrigation strip, as in the proposed method, but under the entire area substrate, which does not provide intensive magnetic field effects on the jets of the side parts of the volume of irrigation water.

The proposed method is implemented as follows. In the aisles, the middle parts are loosened 10 cm wide and the lateral parts 5 cm wide are irrigated. Before compaction, the magnetized particles of crushed slag of ferrous metallurgy are introduced into the lateral parts at the rate of 3-8% of the mass of the compacted soil layer. The magnetic field intensity drops sharply when the amount of slag is less than 3%. An increase in the amount of slag introduction of more than 8% significantly increases the cost of irrigation without increasing the intensity of the magnetic field. The particle size of the slag take from 5.0 to 20.0 mm At a size of less than 5.0 mm, the cost of crushing slag increases sharply, without increasing the intensity of the magnetic field. Particles larger than 20.0 mm are difficult to evenly distribute along the length of the strip.

The length of irrigation strips is taken from 75 to 120 m. Simultaneously with the treatment, irrigation strips are covered with a synthetic film, the longitudinal edges of which are embedded in the soil. The edges of the film in the heads of irrigation strips are fixed on the underground outlets of distribution pipelines. 0.25 l / s is fed to the heads of irrigation strips under pressure. The pressure value is taken within 0.4-0.6 m water column (0.04-0.06 atm). With a pressure of less than 0.4 m. Art. the rate of movement of water along the length of the irrigation strip decreases sharply. With a pressure of more than 0.6 m. Art. tearing of the synthetic film is possible.

The width of irrigation strips is taken in the range from 0.2 to 0.4 m. When the width of the irrigation strip is less than 0.2 m, the irrigation time increases significantly due to the reduction in the absorption area of irrigation water. With an irrigation band width of more than 0.4 m, formation of a fault current and soil water erosion are possible.

The width of the loosening of the middle part of the strip of the surface of the irrigated area take at least 50% of the width of the irrigation strip. With a smaller width of the loosening strip, the duration of irrigation increases significantly. The maximum width of the loosening strip is determined by the minimum width of the sealed side parts of the irrigation strip. The width of the sealed side parts should be at least 5 cm. The smaller width of the sealed side parts of the irrigation strip does not provide reliable fastening of the edges of the synthetic film in the soil. The introduction of particles of crushed slag of ferrous metallurgy increases the reliability of fastening the edges of the synthetic film.

The depth of cultivation is from 5 to 10 cm. When the depth of cultivation is less than 5 cm, the absorption rate of irrigation water decreases and the duration of irrigation increases significantly. With a depth of cultivation of more than 10 cm, the complexity of processing increases significantly without reducing the duration of irrigation.

It is rational to use an opaque reclamation film 120-150 microns thick as a synthetic film. Heating the irrigation water in the irrigation strips under the film ensures the destruction of pests, microbes, pathogenic fungi, weed seeds and their seedlings.

The proposed method of irrigation along the stripes of the surface of the irrigated area expands the functionality of the analogue method by introducing magnetically active material on the side parts of the irrigation strip.

Claims (2)

1. The method of surface irrigation by loosening the middle and sealing the side parts of the strips of the surface of the irrigated area while coating them with a synthetic film, applying irrigation water under the film, characterized in that before the sealing of the side parts of the strips of the surface of the irrigated area, magnetically active material is introduced onto them. 2. The method of surface irrigation according to claim 1, characterized in that magnetized particles of crushed slag of ferrous metallurgy are used as magnetically active material.

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