200428011 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種具辨別二次電池是否過度放電之測量方法，尤 其針對二次電池充電前判斷該電池是否過度放電，進而控制充電電流 之大小。 【先前技術】 隨著微電子技術的顯著進步，使用一次電池(不能充電），二次電 池（藉充電而能反覆使用之電池）的二次電池來驅動電子機器之情形 大幅增加’例如’隨身聽、手提音響、攝影機、照相機等小型電子用 _ 品之外’諸如重視環保之電動機、汽車等大都使用具備蓄電功能之二 次電池，因此，現在電池在很多地方都可輕易購得，但在機器的使用 時’遇二次電池之電力已消耗完畢，而有苦惱經驗的人大有人在。 上提各項設備在進行二次電池使用時，均會造成電池飽合電壓vs 電壓下降，而在電池電壓小於設備之額定電壓時，設備因電壓不足將 進行關機’如第1圖所示為二次電池之放電電壓與時間關係圖，電池 電壓由飽合電壓Vs降到關機電壓Voff，但是，由於電池内部的化學自 然反應將會使該電池產生假性電壓VA (VA>Voff)，此時，若使用者不 察，而重新開啟設備繼續使用該電池，將會造成電池電壓過度放電（電 馨 壓降為Vb，且VB<Voff)，在現有充電器設計技術中，雖多有設計低電 流之過度放電模式，但是，實質上各家充電器均未設有任何設計去偵 測實際電池過度放電後之電壓，因此，使用者往往發現一種狀況是當 電池裝設後無法充電，或者電池直接以高電壓大電流的暫態過電壓與 暫態過電流對該二次電池做快速充電，在此充電狀態下不僅容易造成 電池溫度上升，在這種環境下電解液會分解並產生氣體，造成蓄電池 可供使用電量下降甚至導致電池内壓上升而發生自燃或破裂的危險。 而該過度放電狀態下電解液因分解導致電池特性及耐久性劣化，嚴重 才貝壞畜電池的再充電能力和蓄電能力，從而降低二次電池的可充電次 5 200428011 數，縮短使用壽命。 雖然’亦有廠商宣稱該充電器採用多段式充電技術以改善電池過 度放電’但對使用者而言，基於電池使用次數多相對充電時間必須縮 短’若以該多段式充電技術設計，將會浪費使用者許多等待充電時間， 根本不符合其效益。 ‘ 【發明内容】 本發明之主要目的，在於解決習知對已過度放電之電池的錯誤充 電動作，本發明係提供一種具辨別二次電池是否過度放電之測量方 法’避免產生暫態過電壓與暫態過電流直接對該二次電池做快速充 電。 本發明在二次電池裝設後，對該二次電池測量實際剩餘電量與過 度放電電壓比較並決定應充電模式，透過該測量方法以該電池裝設後 初次測量電壓為基準電壓，再對電池輸入一電流拉載訊號，令電池產 生不同電壓位準，並測量取得二次電壓為判定電壓，以判定電壓或者 基準電壓與判定電壓之平均值與過度放電電壓比較並決定進入深度 充電模式或正常充電模式’讓電池有過度放電之現象時，充電模式不 會直接以高電壓大電流的快速充電模式對該二次電池做快速充電，藉 以維持該二次電池的充電能力和蓄電能力，從而增加其使用壽命。 【實施方式】 有關本發明之較佳實例與技術内容，茲配合圖式說明如下： δ月參閱「第2圖」，係為本發明之電路方塊圖。本發明係用以測量 鉛酸、鎳離子、鋰離子等具備蓄電能力之二次電池2〇 ,且應用本發明 測量方法之充電器10主要具有一充電迴路，該充電迴路包括控制單元 11及變壓單元12’藉由控制單元11及變壓單元12電力轉換外部電源 後（交流轉直流或直流轉直流）對二次電池2〇充電，而充電迴路之充 電模式，預設有深度充電模式及正常充電模式；該充電迴路係與一债 測迴路14連接’該偵測迴路14係具有一與控制單元η連接之微控制 器141 該微控制器141係對二次電池2〇測量取得電壓，且該微控制 6 器141輸出一電流拉載訊號，經一訊號轉換器142 (數位訊號轉類比 訊號）輸出至一與二次電池20連接之負載電路143，使微控制器141 取得二次電池20多點不同電壓，並運算輸出至控制單元u決定充電 模式。 請同時再參閱「第3、4圖」’係為本發明之流程圖、二次電池2〇 之電壓及充電電流與時間的關係圖。本發明之充電方法包括下列步 驟： 初始化設定A.將充電器10之控制單元1丨中依照所欲操作 之二次電池20種類、容量等因素，進行充電時間、預設電量參考值、 顯示電量比例等設定。 電池電量檢測B :在二次電池20與充電器10連接時，充電器1〇 先進行二次電池20是否可進行充電而作偵錯判斷，用以判斷該二次 電池20是否已損壞不可使用，並對二次電池2〇進行剩餘電量測量以 判斷是否有過度放電現象，此時請參照第2圖，本發明之測量方法步 驟為： 取得基準電壓bl :以該二次電池2〇裝設後初次測量電壓為基準 電壓VI，在進行測量前，亦即二次電池2〇初始裝設於充電器1〇上， 該充電器10係在停止充電模式下對二次電池2〇進行電壓測量，藉由 控制單元11中斷外部電力供應，令微控制器141得於二次電池2〇連 接處取得二次電池20真實回饋剩餘電量之基準電壓vi ,此時取得之 基準電壓VI因電池化學反應特性將略為上升大於正常電池關機狀態 之過度放電電壓Vof f。 取得二次電壓b2 ··透過微控制器141輸出一電流拉載訊號，經訊 被》轉換器142變換訊號後輸出至負載電路143，此時，二次電池2〇因 負載電路143拉載’將產生不同電壓位準，再透過微控制器丨41於同 一測量點取得二次電壓為判定電壓V2。 電壓比較及決定充電模式b3 :充電模式可區分為深度充電模式c 及正常充電模式，此處所稱正常充電模式係為快速充電模式E，且於 一-人電池20充電完成後更具有一脈衝充電模式η，以判定電壓V2或 者基準電壓VI與判定電壓V2之平均祕ya與過度放電電壓v〇ff比 較，若小於或等於過度放電電壓Voff (Va$v〇ff )則進入深度充電模 式，若大於過度放電電壓Voff (Va>Voff)則進入正常充電模式，本 發明以基準電壓VI與判定電壓V2之平均電壓Va為實細，如第4 圖所示，此處所彳于之平均電壓將會趨近於二次電池2〇的真實電 壓，此時微控制器141會將平均電壓ya與該種類二次電池2〇的過度 放電電壓Voff做一比較，如果平均電壓Va大於過度放電電壓v〇ff， 則充電器10將進入快速充電模式，須注意的是，電壓比較亦可在控 制單元11完成。 但’如果平均電壓Va等於或小於過度放電電壓v〇ff(Va$v〇ff )， 表示此二次電池20係為一已過度放電之電池則充電器1〇將進入深度 充電模式，請如第5圖所示之該電池電壓，此時即落在深度充電階段 Ml，如圖所示，此階段之充電電流係為一小電流比之充電方式，在 充電過程中，充電器10將間隔一定時間對電池進行電量檢測D，與前 述相同在充電訊號後加入一中斷訊號後，再次檢測得到該二次電池2〇 此時之基準電壓VI及判定電壓V2，經過微控制器141運算取得新的 平均電壓Va，微控制器141將該平均電壓Va與預設過度放電電壓Voff 做一比較’如果平均電壓Va小於或等於過度放電電壓Voff，表示該 二次電池20尚在深度充電階段’則重複回到深度充電模式c。但，如 果平均電壓Va大於過度放電電壓v〇ff，則充電器1〇將進入下一模 式，即快速充電模式E。 快速充電模式E :當平均電壓Va大於過度放電電壓Voff時，如 「第5圖」所示之快速充電階段M2，此模式之充電電流Im係為一持 續大電流之充電模式，即充電器1〇將對二次電池2〇進行定電流模式 充電。又’為讓使用者能即時獲得二次電池2〇已完成充電之電量值， 快速充電階段之定電流I可依控制單元11之中斷訊號使該充電電流 形成一多段間隔之充電樣態，此充電中斷的短暫時間程序將進入電量 200428011 測試F ’並取得電池實際充電量傳回控制單元11後，再與預設的參考 電量值進行邏輯運算，並依照其預設比例得出電量比值於顯示單元 · 13 ’即程序中的電量顯示依二次電池20回饋的電量值。如果電量 、 值<100% (電池電壓7(：<飽合電壓Vcs)，則表示還在快速充電階段 M2 ’則程序上將會維持在快速充電模式E ;但如果電量值= 100%，則 表不該二次電池20已充電充飽，此時如果使用者未將該二次電池2〇 拿離開充電器1〇，則程序將進入脈衝充電模式H。 脈衝充電模式Η:當預設充電時間完成或者二次電池20實際電容 量已達100%飽和狀態（電池電壓Vc=飽合電壓Vcs)，若使用者未將 一次電池20取出使用，則充電器1〇將進入脈衝充電模式η，如「第 鲁 4圖」所示之維持充電階段Μ3，此模式之充電電流係為一持續大電流 之充電模式，即充電器1〇將對二次電池2〇進行脈衝充電方式（即一 時段τ進行一次短時間如同快速充電階段船之大電流Im充電），使 二次電池20維持其充電量於飽和狀態。 經由上述說明可以明顯看出’本發明在電池電量檢測將會針對平 均電壓Va與該種類二次電池2〇的過度放電電壓v〇ff做一比較，如 ，平均電壓Va等於或小於過度放電電壓赌（Va$VQff )，即此二 -人電池20為一已過度放電之二次電池2〇，則充電器1〇將進入深度充 電模式C，且此深度充電模式c會持續到平均賴Va大於過度放電電 壓Voff (Va>Voff) ’充電器1〇才會進入快速充電模式E。如是達 到-種具辨別二次電池2〇是否過度放電之充電方法，藉此避免產生 如習知的㈣過電壓與賴過電流直接_二次電池 20做快速充 電’藉以」維持電池充魏力和蓄電能力，從而增加其使用壽命。 、上列詳細說明係針對本發明之可行實施例具體說明，惟該實施例 並非限制本發明之專概圍，凡未騰本發明之發概藝精神之等效 實施或變更，触包含於转之糊範圍内。 9 200428011 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖，為二次電池之放電電壓與時間關係圖。 第2圖，為本發明之測量流程方塊圖。 第3圖，為本發明之充電器電路方塊圖。 第4圖，為本發明之充電流程示意圖。 第5圖，為本發明之二次電池之電壓及充電電流與時間的關 係圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 10 :充電器 11 :控制單元 12 :變壓單元 13 :顯示單元 14 :偵測迴路 141 :微控制器 142 :訊號轉換器 143 :負載電路 20 :二次電池 A:初始化設定 B:電池電量檢測 bl :取得基準電壓 b2 :取得二次電壓 b3 :電壓比較以決定充電模式 C : 深度充電模式 D : 電量檢測 E : 快速充電模式 F ： 電量測試 G : 電量顯示 Η : 脈衝充電模式 200428011200428011 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a measuring method for distinguishing whether a secondary battery is over-discharged, especially for judging whether the battery is over-discharged before charging the secondary battery, and then controlling the size of the charging current. . [Previous technology] With the remarkable progress of microelectronics technology, the use of primary batteries (non-rechargeable) and secondary batteries (rechargeable batteries that can be used repeatedly) to drive electronic equipment has increased dramatically. In addition to small electronic products such as speakers, portable speakers, cameras, cameras, etc., secondary batteries with power storage functions are mostly used in environmentally-friendly motors and automobiles. Therefore, batteries can now be easily purchased in many places, but in When the machine is in use, the power of the secondary battery has been consumed, and there are many people with distressed experience. All the devices mentioned above will cause the battery saturation voltage vs. voltage to drop when the secondary battery is used, and when the battery voltage is less than the rated voltage of the device, the device will be shut down due to insufficient voltage, as shown in Figure 1. The relationship between the discharge voltage and time of the secondary battery. The battery voltage drops from the saturation voltage Vs to the shutdown voltage Voff. However, due to the natural chemical reaction inside the battery, the battery will generate a false voltage VA (VA > Voff). At this time, if the user does not notice and restarts the device to continue using the battery, the battery voltage will be over discharged (the voltage drop of the battery is Vb, and VB < Voff). In the existing charger design technology, although there are many designs Low-current over-discharge mode. However, virtually every charger is not equipped with any design to detect the voltage after the actual battery is over-discharged. Therefore, users often find a situation where the battery cannot be charged after installation, or The battery directly charges the secondary battery with high-voltage and high-current transient overvoltages and transient overcurrents, which not only easily causes battery temperature in this state of charge In this environment, the electrolyte will decompose and generate gas, resulting in a decrease in the available power of the battery and even an increase in the internal pressure of the battery, resulting in the risk of spontaneous combustion or cracking. In this over-discharged state, the electrolyte deteriorates due to decomposition of the battery characteristics and durability, which severely deteriorates the recharging ability and storage capacity of the bad animal battery, thereby reducing the number of secondary batteries 5 200428011 and shortening the service life. Although 'some manufacturers claim that the charger uses multi-segment charging technology to improve over-discharge of the battery', for users, the relative charging time must be shortened based on the number of times the battery is used. 'If designed with this multi-segment charging technology, it will be wasted Many users wait for charging time, which is not in line with their benefits. '[Summary of the Invention] The main purpose of the present invention is to solve the conventional charging error of a battery that has been over-discharged. The present invention provides a measurement method for distinguishing whether a secondary battery is over-discharged to avoid the occurrence of transient over-voltage and The transient overcurrent directly charges the secondary battery quickly. After the secondary battery is installed, the present invention measures the actual remaining power of the secondary battery and compares it with the over-discharge voltage and determines the charging mode. The measurement method uses the voltage measured for the first time after the battery is installed as the reference voltage, and then measures the battery. Input a current load signal to make the battery generate different voltage levels, and measure and obtain the secondary voltage as the judgment voltage. Compare the judgment voltage or the average value of the reference voltage and the judgment voltage with the over-discharge voltage and decide to enter the deep charging mode or normal. "Charging mode" when the battery is over-discharged, the charging mode will not directly charge the secondary battery in a fast charging mode with high voltage and high current, so as to maintain the charging capacity and storage capacity of the secondary battery, thereby increasing Its service life. [Embodiment] The preferred examples and technical contents of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the drawings as follows: δ Refer to "Figure 2", which is a circuit block diagram of the present invention. The present invention is used to measure lead-acid, nickel ion, lithium ion and other secondary batteries 20 with power storage capacity, and the charger 10 applying the measurement method of the present invention mainly has a charging circuit. The charging circuit includes a control unit 11 and a transformer. The voltage unit 12 'uses the control unit 11 and the transformer unit 12 to convert external power (AC to DC or DC to DC) to charge the secondary battery 20, and the charging mode of the charging circuit is preset with a deep charging mode and Normal charging mode; the charging circuit is connected to a debt measurement circuit 14 'the detection circuit 14 has a microcontroller 141 connected to the control unit η, and the microcontroller 141 measures the voltage obtained from the secondary battery 20, And the micro-controller 141 outputs a current-carrying signal, which is output to a load circuit 143 connected to the secondary battery 20 via a signal converter 142 (digital signal to analog signal), so that the microcontroller 141 obtains the secondary battery. More than 20 different voltages are calculated and output to the control unit u to determine the charging mode. Please refer to “Figures 3 and 4” at the same time. It is a flowchart of the present invention, and the relationship between the voltage and charging current of the secondary battery 20 and time. The charging method of the present invention includes the following steps: Initializing the settings A. The control unit 1 of the charger 10 is charged according to the type and capacity of the secondary battery 20 to be operated, and performs the charging time, the preset power reference value, and the displayed power. Settings such as ratio. Battery power detection B: When the secondary battery 20 is connected to the charger 10, the charger 10 first determines whether the secondary battery 20 can be charged and makes an error detection judgment to determine whether the secondary battery 20 is damaged and cannot be used. , And measure the remaining power of the secondary battery 20 to determine whether there is an over-discharge phenomenon. At this time, please refer to FIG. 2. The measurement method steps of the present invention are: obtaining a reference voltage bl: installing the secondary battery 20 The initial measured voltage is the reference voltage VI. Before the measurement, that is, the secondary battery 20 is initially installed on the charger 10, and the charger 10 measures the voltage of the secondary battery 20 in the stop charging mode. By interrupting the external power supply by the control unit 11, the microcontroller 141 can obtain the reference voltage vi of the secondary battery 20's true feedback remaining power at the connection of the secondary battery 20, and the reference voltage VI obtained at this time due to the battery chemical reaction The characteristic will slightly increase the over-discharge voltage Vof f that is greater than the normal battery shutdown state. Obtain the secondary voltage b2 ··················································································· Different voltage levels will be generated, and then the secondary voltage is obtained at the same measurement point through the microcontroller 丨 41 as the determination voltage V2. Voltage comparison and determination of charging mode b3: The charging mode can be divided into deep charging mode c and normal charging mode. The normal charging mode referred to here is fast charging mode E, and there is a pulse charging after the one-person battery 20 is charged. Mode η, comparing the average voltage ya of the determination voltage V2 or the reference voltage VI and the determination voltage V2 with the overdischarge voltage v0ff. If it is less than or equal to the overdischarge voltage Voff (Va $ v0ff), enter the deep charging mode. If the voltage is greater than the over-discharge voltage Voff (Va> Voff), the battery enters the normal charging mode. The present invention takes the average voltage Va of the reference voltage VI and the determination voltage V2 as the actual voltage. As shown in FIG. Approaching the real voltage of the secondary battery 20, the microcontroller 141 will compare the average voltage ya with the over-discharge voltage Voff of the secondary battery 20 of this type. If the average voltage Va is greater than the over-discharge voltage v ff, the charger 10 will enter the fast charging mode. It should be noted that the voltage comparison can also be done in the control unit 11. However, 'If the average voltage Va is equal to or less than the over-discharge voltage vOff (Va $ v〇ff), it means that the secondary battery 20 is an over-discharged battery, and the charger 10 will enter the deep charging mode. The battery voltage shown in Figure 5 now falls in the deep charging stage M1. As shown in the figure, the charging current at this stage is a small current ratio charging method. During the charging process, the charger 10 will After a certain period of time, the battery is tested for power D. After an interrupt signal is added after the charging signal, the secondary battery 20 is again detected and the reference voltage VI and the determination voltage V2 at this time are obtained. The average voltage Va, the microcontroller 141 compares the average voltage Va with a preset over-discharge voltage Voff 'if the average voltage Va is less than or equal to the over-discharge voltage Voff, it means that the secondary battery 20 is still in a deep charging stage' then Repeatedly return to deep charge mode c. However, if the average voltage Va is greater than the over-discharge voltage v0ff, the charger 10 will enter the next mode, namely, the fast charging mode E. Fast charging mode E: When the average voltage Va is greater than the over-discharge voltage Voff, as shown in the "figure 5" fast charging stage M2, the charging current Im of this mode is a continuous high current charging mode, which is charger 1 〇 The secondary battery 20 will be charged in constant current mode. In addition, in order to allow users to obtain the value of the secondary battery 20 that has been fully charged in real time, the constant current I in the fast charging phase can make the charging current form a multi-interval charging state according to the interrupt signal of the control unit 11, This short-term program of charging interruption will enter the power level 200428011 test F 'and obtain the actual battery charge level and return it to the control unit 11, and then perform a logical operation with a preset reference power value, and obtain the power ratio in accordance with its preset ratio. The display unit 13 'is the power value in the program. If the amount of electricity, value < 100% (battery voltage 7 (: < saturation voltage Vcs), it means that it is still in the fast charging stage M2 ', then the program will be maintained in the fast charging mode E; but if the electricity value = 100% , It means that the secondary battery 20 is fully charged, and if the user does not take the secondary battery 20 away from the charger 10, the program will enter the pulse charging mode H. Pulse charging mode Η: It is assumed that the charging time is completed or the actual capacity of the secondary battery 20 has reached 100% saturation (battery voltage Vc = saturated voltage Vcs). If the user does not remove the primary battery 20 for use, the charger 10 will enter the pulse charging mode. η, as shown in the "Chart 4" maintenance charging stage M3, the charging current in this mode is a continuous high current charging mode, that is, the charger 10 will pulse charge the secondary battery 20 (ie Performing a short period of time τ for a short period of time is like the high current Im charging of the ship during the fast charging phase, so that the secondary battery 20 maintains its charged capacity in a saturated state. It can be clearly seen from the above description that the present invention's battery power detection will be aimed at the average The voltage Va is compared with the over-discharge voltage v 0ff of the secondary battery 20 of this type. For example, the average voltage Va is equal to or less than the over-discharge voltage (Va $ VQff), that is, the two-person battery 20 is an excessive battery. When the secondary battery 20 is discharged, the charger 10 will enter the deep charge mode C, and this deep charge mode c will continue until the average Va is greater than the over-discharge voltage Voff (Va> Voff) 'charger 10 will enter Fast charging mode E. If it is achieved-a charging method that distinguishes whether the secondary battery 20 is over-discharged, thereby avoiding the occurrence of over-voltage and over-current as is conventionally known, the secondary battery 20 is fast-charged 'by this' Maintain the battery's charging capacity and storage capacity, thereby increasing its service life. The detailed description above is a specific description of the feasible embodiments of the present invention, but this embodiment is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Equivalent implementation or change of the spirit of the general art is included in the scope of the transfer. 9 200428011 [Simplified illustration of the diagram] Figure 1 is a diagram of the relationship between the discharge voltage and time of the secondary battery. Figure 2 is this hair The block diagram of the measurement process of the Ming. Figure 3 is a block diagram of the charger circuit of the present invention. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the charging process of the present invention. Figure 5 is the voltage and charging current and time of the secondary battery of the present invention. [Description of symbols of main components] 10: Charger 11: Control unit 12: Transformer unit 13: Display unit 14: Detection circuit 141: Microcontroller 142: Signal converter 143: Load circuit 20: Secondary Battery A: Initial setting B: Battery level detection bl: Obtain reference voltage b2: Obtain secondary voltage b3: Voltage comparison to determine charge mode C: Deep charge mode D: Battery level detection E: Fast charge mode F: Battery level test G: Battery level Display Η: Pulse charging mode 200428011
Ml :深度充電階段 M2 :快速充電階段 M3 :維持充電階段Ml: Deep charge phase M2: Fast charge phase M3: Maintain charge phase