TW200426282A - Device for insulating a building from earthquake - Google Patents
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 72
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 206010011878 Deafness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010052904 Musculoskeletal stiffness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
200426282 玖、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於一種避震裝置，即塑性遲滯(hysteresis) 型避展裝置’其係配置於上部結構與下部結構間，俾於地震時 5使上部結構的振動衰減，且可吸收地震能量者。 t先前技】 有關於生遲滞型避震裝置，諸如設置於如同建築物與用 以支撐該建築物之基礎間，即設置於上部結構與下部結構之間 者，迄今已提出有各式各樣改變構件形狀的提案。 10例如，日本專利公報特公平^期號(專利文獻υ中揭示 有-種裝置，將避震裝置成形為直棒型，且將每一端部各固定 於上、下部結構者。又，日本特公平2·5觸號（專利文獻2) 中亦揭示有一種將避震裝置做環狀成形之裝置。 又，如曰本特開平2-194233號(專利文獻3)中，揭示有一裝 15置研發，即，將避震裝置形成略呈U字形，並於該減震器的兩 側突設有止振用板狀輔助構件者。 按，處於地震時之建築物搖動，是沿水平方向做36〇度全 方位變形，因此避震裝置亦隨之做360度全方位的變形。惟， 依特開平2-194233號公報之揭示，使略呈υ形減震器可於_ 20方向做C狀變形，俾行能量吸收，而於其他方向則做例如對於 與C狀垂直之變形，靠兩侧突設之止振器以抑制之，便將變形 之方向限制在單一方向，卻沒有顧慮到其他方向的振動。 又，特開昭60-223576號中亦揭示有一種υ字形狀避震裝 置，但其中並沒有揭露有關避震裝置在地震時朝任一方向做水 5 200426282 平變形時之性質方面的方向性。 本發明欲解決之課題如下9點，即： ⑴避震農置的形狀為直棒型時，如第i圖所示，端部的固 定方式是兩端固定式以及一端插入另一端固定的插銷方式 5時’ IS地震時之水平變形，所產生之應變職中在構件的端 部。藉此，導致應變集中在構件的某一部分時，由水平變形小 的寺點開始，違應變將予以集中且加以累積，而將使構件屈服 亚塑性化的速度加快，使構件之遲滯特性中之彈性範圍變窄。 經塑性化後水平變形增加，同時亦使應變集中且持續累積增 10加，而使於水平變形還小的時候就斷裂。且，在承受到無法預 期之大地震所造成之大變形時，使構件跟不上變形，且不能吸 收地震能量，而至斷裂。又，應變集中到構件中的-部分，使 構件内塑性化範圍變窄時，亦使吸收地震能量的部分變小，並 導致構件全體的能量吸收量也變少。 15 (2)避震敦置的形狀為直棒型時，如第2圖所示，由於地震 時之水平變形，使端部間距離變長，構件亦隨之而被拉伸而伸 長。因此，隨著水平變形量加大，構件的延伸所造成之應變、 抗拉應力增加，再加上彎曲變形所產生之彎曲應力及應變，使 牛上同時產生的應變及應力亦趨增加。 20 门、、 避震裝置的形狀為直棒型時，由於構件之遲滯特性中的 彈性靶圍很窄的關係，藉由產生頻率較地震還高之風所造成之 平憂形亦使構件屈服，而將因風的振動所造成之能量予以吸 收 ’使得構件目的即在於能將地震能量吸收之量就變少。又， 因風的振動所產生之能量亦被吸收其中，因此亦使構件所具有 6 之總吸收月度的期間提早到達，使得檢修暨交換構件的a 數變多，亦使維護費用增加。 (4) 避震裝置的形狀為直棒型時，為彌補構件因地震時之水 平變形所造成之伸長及抗拉應力，且為了避免構件遭受微小變 形便屈服之情況發生，所崎於避震裝置之端部採用複雜機械 式構造。因此，使構建避震裝置用之零件增加，也使製造複雜， 結果也導致製造成本增加。 (5) %狀型避震裝置為3維式複雜形狀時，其用以成形之熱 軋成形及熱鍛等製造過程繁複，增加製造成本。 ⑹由於環㈣魏裝置隸时面擴展配狀方式構建 而成者，因此避震裝置所佔面積極大，便佔去空間。 ⑺欲將隔離器與避震裝置分別並列配置時，避震裝置及隔 離器所佔面積極大，在此在結構物平面設計上亦有配置困 問題存在。 (8) 欲將隔離器與避震裝置分別並列配置時，避震裝置與隔 離器個別需要有用以安裝於上、下結構之安裝部位及其工程， 因此施工費極高。 (9) 避震裝置形成U字型狀時，如不考慮避震裝置的變形 方向時，對地震時妹意方向之水平變形，便產生相對於各變 形方向之避震裝置極限應力、剛性等性狀之方向性。例如，第 26圖係顯示不考慮構件的方向性，且令構件剖面為等載面之形 :。對柃面内0度方向之屈服剪切力與面外9〇度方向之屈服 剪:力，面外90度方向較_ G度方向還低篇，因地震時 、Λ 乂方向的不同’將使避震|置的性狀改變之問題發生。 200426282 【潑^明内容】 本發明之目的係於提供一種解決前述問題點（1)至（6)及（9) 之避震裝置及一種包括前述(乃、（8)在内解決問題點（1)至（9)之 避震裝置。 5 本發明之第1特徵係於一種避震裝置，該裝置為塑性遲滯 型者，包含有：隔離器，係將金屬板與彈性體交叉積層而成者； 及，衰減機構，係由彈塑性材料構成之多數寬度較板厚還大之 彎曲狀構件的兩端部各固定於上部結構與下部結構，且令前述 f曲狀構件之除兩端部外的中間部分設置成離開前述上部結 10 構及前述下部結構之狀態者。 本發明之第2特徵係於一種避震裝置，於第1發明中，該 •彎曲狀構件中之上部板、下部板及用以連接該等板之脊曲連接 板係對其等寬度方向之中心轴線，呈對稱之形狀，且前述彎曲 狀構件並對前述彎曲連接板中央之橫向中心軸線，呈上下對稱 15 之形狀。 本發明之第3特徵係於一種避震裝置，於第丨發明或第2 發明中，該彎曲狀構件之寬度係呈變化之狀態者。 本發明之第4特徵係於-種避震裝置，於第i至3發明之 任一發明中，該彎曲狀構件之前端部寬度W1 與板厚T間之尺寸關係為W2>W1>T者。 20 、端部寬度W2 Μ明之第5特齡於-種魏裝置，於第丨至4發心 ::Γ:;其係於將全部的彎曲狀構件之外形形狀變化成同 者，糟相似律設定«曲狀構件之外形形狀，以形成相似 8 本㈣之“特徵係於—種避震裝置，於第項中任 一項之避震裴置，复 少,上之彎角度間隔且於平面狀態下配置由至 狀構件成組之彎曲狀構件單元者。 發月之第7特徵係於_種避震裝置，於第^至6發明之 任-發明中，令彎曲狀構件滿足以下條件者。 1卜，將,件之各部位名稱標示於第27圖。 成為1^考曲狀構件之端部寬度W2對彎曲部前端寬 度W1之比在u<W2/wl<2 〇者。 ^曲狀構件之直線部長度L(接合部除外)係於1〇cm 至7〇cm範圍内。 t f曲狀構件之彎曲部R對板厚T之比即2.5 < R/T者。 換舌之，本發明 m y 遲滞型者，”丨 特徵躲-種贿裝置，其係塑性 該彎曲狀構件之端^㈣之任一發明中，具有f曲狀構件， 之矿円 寬度係對前端寬度之比在大於1且小於2 圍二，—T4彎曲狀構件之直線部長度係於1()咖至70咖範 於2.5: K曲狀構件之彎曲部長度對該構件之板厚之比則大 於本發明之第8特徵係於_種避震装置其係塑性遲滞型者， _:=!明中，該配置於前述上部結構與下部 曲狀構件安裝有由彈塑性材料構成之多數變 ，且使各兩端部^於連結隔_與上部結構 、％構用之連結板上者。 本發明之作用係如下列8點。 ⑴藉將彈祕㈣成形騎崎構件，水平變形量之 200426282 變化，使塑性變形時應變成為最大之點在構件内移動，俾分散 構件的應變，而不集中在局部者。藉此，可使構件之塑性化範 圍可擴及構件軸向全部區域，因此可有效使用構件全部，吸收 地震所產生之能量。 5 第3A圖顯示有小地震時之彎曲狀構件7之應變分布；第 3B圖顯示有中度地震時之應變分布；第3C圖顯示有大地震時 之應變分布。彎曲狀構件之彎曲部承受應變之部分在中度地震 時，地震力所造成之變形δΐ之1/2量即往構件7之材軸方向移 動。在大地震時，承受應變之部分移動變形δ2之1/2量。如此， 10按地震時之水平變形量’可使承受應變之部位朝構件全區域移 動，使構件全體塑性化，可使構件有效地吸收地震能量。 (2) 產生地震時之水平變形時’如第5圖所示，將構件彎曲 成形’因此使蠻曲部不會朝材軸方向拉伸，且可藉直線狀變形 而彌補。藉使彎曲部呈直線狀變形之部分始終移動，便具有使 15構件所產生之應變減低成彎曲部之曲率程度的應變之效果。 (3) 用以成形彎曲狀構件之彈塑性材料使用鋼材之形態極 多。在本發明中，令成形彎曲狀構件之彈塑性材料為鋼材=， 彎曲狀構件的形狀並不像環狀型等般呈三維結構的那樣複 雜，因此無須將彎曲狀構件進行熱軋成形或熱锻，藉冷成形= 可在良好精密度下處理彎曲部，俾製造彎曲狀構件。藉此，簡 化彎曲狀構件之製造步驟，降低製造單價。 (4) 將避震裝置與隔離器形成—體時，可將避震裝置與隔離 器各自所佔面積減少。又，藉使避震褒置與隔離器形成一體， 便可減少原本避震裝置與隔離器個別必須安裝於上、下結構用 10 200426282 因此可減少施工費用。 狀構件係於任意方向承受水平變形。在 所有的水平方向的變形，亦不使彎曲狀構 且可減少方向性。 之安裝部位或工程， (5)在地震時，彎 本發明中，對於對於 件之力學性狀改變， 如第26、27圖所一 ^ . _ .., 不，令彎曲部寬度為一定（W1=W2)時，以 面内0度方向與面外9〇 又方向之變形而言，面外9〇度方向之 屈服剪切力降低5〇%以下。 又万穴之 這疋因為：變、开彡古a 方向於面内方向不一致（變形方向角度超過 0度）時，彎曲部前端 ίο 鳊及直線部便改變為扭轉之變形，無法盥面 内〇度方向之彎曲驗取得平朗致者。 ” 藉此’為使面内〇度方向迄至面外⑽度方向之水平全方向 之剛性及屈服剪切力為同等性能時，藉改變彎曲狀構件之寬 度，便可減少方向性。 又特别為了立曰力口聋曲狀構件之扭曲岡，】性時，藉使彎曲狀 15構件之端部寬度W2比f曲部前端寬度W1還粗大，便可防止 彈性極限應力及剛性降低，進一步減少變形方向之方向性。 第28圖顯示實驗結果。令前述之W1 : W2之比為1 : 1 % 時，屈服剪切力係於面内〇度方向為29kN(相當於3 〇t〇nf)時， 面外90度方向則為27kN(相當約2.8t〇nf)，只減少7%，沒產生 20多大因方向性所致之差異。同樣，1次剛性亦於i9kN〜12kN(相 當於約2.0tonf/cm〜1.2tonf/cm)範圍，而成具有略同等之性能。 如此，藉使端部寬度W2對於彎曲部前端寬度W1之比大於 1，便可構建成不產生方向性者。 藉使该比大於2日^ , ’考曲狀構件之前端部相對地減弱了構 11 200426282 件變細的部分，而使應變集中於該部位，對於地震時之面内方 向的變形，如第29A圖般不變形，如第29B圖般，使應變集中 於前端部，而使構件變形陡增，便於疲勞特性發生問題。 又，將彎曲狀構件成形時，彎曲狀構件之材料收率差，經 5 濟效益不佳。 (6) 選擇彎曲狀構件之端部寬度W2與彎曲部前端寬度W1 之比率，對於地震時彎曲狀構件所承受對任意方向之水平變 形，可使應變不始終集中於彎曲狀構件之特定部分，而是將應 變分散於構件内，便能有效地利用彎曲狀構件全體吸收地震能 10 量。 第30圖顯示實驗結果。藉施力方向改變斷裂位置，在面内 0度方向中，藉振幅亦使斷裂位置改變。此結果乃表示：對於 地震時的變形，以構件全體有效地吸收能量者。 (7) 為使地震時之彎曲狀構件之變形構建成：隨彎曲狀構件 15 之彎曲變形及扭曲變形而變，且使朝材軸方向之過剩的抗拉應 力不加其上時，必須將彎曲狀構件之全長構造成足以應付地震 時之變形量的長度。彎曲狀構件之直線部長度，是用以確保可 隨地震時之變形而變之彎曲狀的長度時而有其必要的。 又，將應變分散於彎曲狀構件全體上以吸收能量時，直線 20 部長度是一進行塑性變形俾可吸收能量之長度。藉地震時變形 量以將彎曲狀構件之直線部做成最恰當的長度，便能絲毫不浪 費且有效地吸收地震能量。 迄今之避震裝置在地震時之最大變形（等級2 :建物之耐用 年限中或許遭遇一次的程度之地震振動）的調查結果，即日本建 12 200426282 築中心發行之Building letter 1998年1月號迄至1998年5月號 間所揭示之避震建築物之日本建築中心評定完成部分，示於第 31圖。 以結果而言，大多為迄至10〜50cm左右，從避震建築物之 5變形量年年增加之情形可知，藉以確保彎曲狀構件之直線部長 度在10cm〜70cm範圍間，便可足以對應於地震時之變形。 第32圖係顯示疲勞實驗結果，該結果係由令彎曲狀構件之200426282 发明 Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a kind of shock absorbing device, namely a plastic hysteresis type suspension device, which is arranged between the upper structure and the lower structure, and is suitable for earthquakes. 5 Those who attenuate the vibration of the superstructure and can absorb seismic energy. [Prior art] Regarding hysteresis-type shock absorbers, such as those provided between a building and a foundation for supporting the building, that is, between a superstructure and a substructure, various types have been proposed so far. Proposal to change the shape of the component. 10 For example, Japanese Patent Gazette No. ^ (Patent Document υ discloses a device that forms a shock-absorbing device into a straight rod type, and each end is fixed to the upper and lower structures. Also, Japanese Patent Equity 2.5 · Symbol (Patent Document 2) also discloses a device for forming a shock-absorbing device in a ring shape. Also, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-194233 (Patent Document 3), a 15-unit package is disclosed. Research and development, that is, forming the shock-absorbing device in a U-shape, and plate-shaped auxiliary members for vibration isolation are protruded on both sides of the shock absorber. Press, the building shakes during the earthquake, it is done in the horizontal direction Deformation of 360 ° in all directions, so the shock absorbing device also deforms in 360 ° of all directions. However, according to the disclosure of Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-194233, a slightly υ-shaped shock absorber can be used in the direction of _ 20 Shape deformation, limp energy absorption, and in other directions, for example, for deformation perpendicular to the C shape, dampers are provided on both sides to suppress it, so the direction of deformation is limited to a single direction, but no concern Vibrations in other directions. Also disclosed in JP-A-60-223576 υ shape shock absorber, but it does not disclose the directionality of the shock absorber in any direction during the earthquake 5 200426282 flat deformation. The problem to be solved by the present invention is as follows: When the shape of the suspension farm is a straight rod type, as shown in Figure i, the end is fixed at both ends and the plug is fixed at one end at the other end. At 5 'IS horizontal deformation during the earthquake The strain duty is at the end of the component. As a result, when the strain is concentrated in a certain part of the component, it starts from the temple point with small horizontal deformation. The faster the speed, the narrower the elastic range of the hysteresis characteristics of the component. After plasticization, the horizontal deformation increases, and at the same time, the strain concentration and continuous cumulative increase of 10 plus, and when the horizontal deformation is still small, it breaks. When subjected to large deformations caused by unpredictable large earthquakes, the component cannot keep up with the deformation, and cannot absorb the seismic energy, and then break. The strain is concentrated in the-part of the component Narrowing the plasticizing range in the component also reduces the part that absorbs seismic energy, and results in less energy absorption for the entire component. 15 (2) When the shape of the suspension mount is a straight rod type, as in section As shown in Figure 2, due to the horizontal deformation during the earthquake, the distance between the ends becomes longer, and the member is stretched and extended accordingly. As the horizontal deformation increases, the strain and resistance caused by the extension of the member The increase in tensile stress, coupled with the bending stress and strain generated by the bending deformation, will increase the simultaneous strain and stress on the cow. 20 When the shape of the door and suspension device is a straight rod type, due to the hysteresis characteristics of the component The elastic target range in the medium is very narrow. By generating the flat shape caused by the wind with a higher frequency than the earthquake, the component also yields, and the energy caused by the vibration of the wind is absorbed. The amount of seismic energy absorbed is reduced. In addition, the energy generated by the vibration of the wind is also absorbed therein, so that the total monthly absorption period of 6 is reached earlier, which increases the number of a for maintenance and exchange of components, and increases maintenance costs. (4) When the shape of the shock-absorbing device is a straight rod type, in order to compensate for the elongation and tensile stress caused by the horizontal deformation of the component during the earthquake, and to avoid the situation where the component is subject to small deformation and yield, it is used for shock absorption The end of the device adopts a complicated mechanical structure. Therefore, increasing the number of parts for constructing the shock absorbing device also complicates manufacturing, and as a result, manufacturing costs increase. (5) When the% -shaped shock absorbing device is a three-dimensional complex shape, the manufacturing processes such as hot rolling forming and hot forging are complicated, and the manufacturing cost is increased. ⑹Because the ring-and-wei device is constructed based on the time-plane expansion profile, the suspension device occupies a large area and takes up space. ⑺ When the isolator and the shock absorber are to be arranged side by side, the area occupied by the shock absorber and the isolator is extremely large, and there are also problems in the layout design of the structure. (8) When it is necessary to arrange the isolator and the shock absorber separately in parallel, the shock absorber and the isolator individually need to be useful for the installation of the upper and lower structures and the engineering thereof, so the construction cost is extremely high. (9) When the shock-absorbing device is U-shaped, if the deformation direction of the shock-absorbing device is not taken into account, the horizontal deformation of the direction in the direction of the earthquake during the earthquake will produce the ultimate stress and rigidity of the shock-absorbing device relative to each deformation direction. Directionality of traits. For example, Figure 26 shows that the directionality of the component is not considered, and the section of the component is of the same load surface:. The yielding shear force in the 0 degree direction in the plane and the yielding shear in the 90 degree direction out of the plane: force, the 90 degree direction out of the plane is lower than the _ G degree direction. Due to the difference in the Λ 乂 direction during earthquakes, the The problem of changing the characteristics of the suspension | 200426282 [Explanation of content] The object of the present invention is to provide a suspension device that solves the aforementioned problems (1) to (6) and (9), and a solution to the problem including the aforementioned (that is, (8) ( 1) to (9). 5 The first feature of the present invention is a shock absorbing device, which is a plastic hysteresis type, and includes: an isolator, which is formed by cross-laminating a metal plate and an elastomer And, the damping mechanism is composed of elastoplastic material, and both ends of the curved member having a larger width than the plate thickness are fixed to the upper structure and the lower structure, and the two ends of the f-shaped member are fixed. The outer middle portion is provided so as to be separated from the state of the upper structure 10 and the lower structure. A second feature of the present invention is a suspension device. In the first invention, the upper plate and the lower portion of the curved member The plates and the ridge connecting plates used to connect the plates are symmetrical to the center axis of the same width direction, and the curved member is symmetrical to the horizontal center axis of the center of the curved connecting plate 15 Shape. The third feature is a shock absorbing device. In the first or second invention, the width of the curved member is changed. The fourth feature of the present invention is a shock absorbing device. In any one of the inventions i to 3, the dimensional relationship between the front end width W1 and the plate thickness T of the curved member is W2 > W1 > T. 20, the fifth width of the end width W2 is older than- Wei device, from the fourth to the fourth heart :: Γ :; It is based on changing the outer shape of all curved members to the same, the similarity law sets «curve member outer shape to form similar 8 books ㈣ The "characteristics" is a kind of shock absorbing device, which is located in any one of the items of the shock absorbing device in the first item, with a small number, the upper bending angle interval, and the curved member unit grouped by the to-like member in a flat state. The seventh feature of Fayue is in _ a kind of shock absorber. In any of the ^ to 6 inventions-the invention, the curved member meets the following conditions. 1. The name of each part of the piece is marked on the 27th. Fig. The ratio of the width W2 of the end of the curved member 1 to the width W1 of the front end of the bent portion is u < W2 / wl < 2 〇 ^ The length L of the straight portion of the curved member (excluding the joint) is in the range of 10 cm to 70 cm. Tf The ratio of the curved portion R of the curved member to the plate thickness T is 2.5 < R / T. In other words, the "my hysteresis type" of the present invention is a feature hiding-type bribery device, which is plastic at the end of the curved member. In any of the inventions, it has an f-curved member, and the width of the mine ridge is opposite to the front end. The ratio of the width is greater than 1 and less than 2. The length of the straight part of the T4 curved member is from 1 () to 70. The range is 2.5: K The ratio of the length of the curved part of the curved member to the thickness of the member. It is greater than the eighth feature of the present invention that is _ a kind of suspension device whose plastic hysteresis type, _: =! Mingzhong, the above structure and the lower curved member are installed with a majority made of elastoplastic material Change, and make each end part ^ on the connection partition _ and the upper structure, the structure of the connection plate. The effect of the present invention is as follows. ⑴ By changing the bullet shape into a riding saki component, the horizontal deformation amount of 200426282 is changed, so that the point at which the strain becomes the largest during plastic deformation moves inside the component, and 俾 disperses the component's strain without focusing on the local. In this way, the plasticization range of the component can be extended to the entire axial area of the component, so the entire component can be effectively used to absorb the energy generated by the earthquake. 5 Figure 3A shows the strain distribution of the curved member 7 during a small earthquake; Figure 3B shows the strain distribution during a moderate earthquake; and Figure 3C shows the strain distribution during a large earthquake. In a moderate earthquake, the portion of the curved portion of the curved member subjected to strain is half the amount of deformation δΐ caused by the seismic force, which moves toward the material axis of the member 7. During a large earthquake, the part subjected to the strain moves 1/2 of the deformation δ2. In this way, according to the horizontal deformation amount at the time of the earthquake, 10, the portion subjected to the strain can be moved toward the entire area of the member, plasticizing the entire member, and allowing the member to effectively absorb seismic energy. (2) In the case of horizontal deformation at the time of an earthquake ', as shown in Fig. 5, the member is bent and formed', so that the curved portion does not stretch in the direction of the material axis, and can be compensated by linear deformation. If the curved portion deforms linearly all the time, it has the effect of reducing the strain generated by the 15 members to a degree of curvature of the curved portion. (3) There are many forms of elastoplastic materials used to form curved members using steel. In the present invention, the elastic-plastic material used to form the curved member is made of steel =, and the shape of the curved member is not as complicated as a three-dimensional structure such as a ring type, so there is no need to hot-roll the curved member or heat Forging, cold forming = Bending parts can be processed with good precision, and bent members can be manufactured. Thereby, the manufacturing steps of the curved member are simplified, and the manufacturing unit price is reduced. (4) When the shock absorber and the isolator are formed as a single body, the area occupied by the shock absorber and the isolator can be reduced. In addition, if the shock absorbing arrangement is integrated with the isolator, the original suspension device and the isolator must be individually installed on the upper and lower structures. 10 200426282 Therefore, construction costs can be reduced. The member is horizontally deformed in any direction. Deformation in all horizontal directions does not make curved structures and reduces directivity. (5) During the earthquake, in the present invention, for the change of the mechanical properties of the parts, as shown in Figures 26 and 27 ^. _ .., No, make the width of the bending part constant (W1 = W2), in terms of the deformation in the direction of 0 degrees in plane and the direction of 90 degrees out of plane, the yield shear force in the direction of 90 degrees out of plane is reduced by 50% or less. Another reason for Wanxue is that when the direction of the opening and opening of the ancient a is inconsistent (the angle of the deformation direction exceeds 0 degrees), the front end of the curved portion and the straight portion change to a twisted deformation and cannot be washed in the surface. The bending test in the direction of the direction is flat. "In this way, in order to make the horizontal rigidity and yield shear force in the horizontal and all directions from 0 degrees in the plane to out of the plane the same direction, the directivity can be reduced by changing the width of the curved member. It is also special In order to clarify the distortion of the deaf curved member, the width W2 of the end of the curved 15 member is larger than the width W1 of the front end of the curved member, which can prevent the reduction of elastic limit stress and rigidity, and further reduce The directionality of the deformation direction. Figure 28 shows the experimental results. When the aforementioned ratio of W1: W2 is 1: 1%, the yield shear force is 29kN (equivalent to 3 〇t〇nf) in the 0-degree direction in the plane. At the time, the out-of-plane 90-degree direction is 27kN (equivalent to about 2.8tOnf), which is only reduced by 7%, and there is no difference of more than 20 due to directivity. Similarly, the primary stiffness is also i9kN ~ 12kN (equivalent to about 2.0tonf / cm ~ 1.2tonf / cm), which has slightly equivalent performance. In this way, if the ratio of the width W2 of the end to the width W1 of the front end of the bend is greater than 1, it can be constructed without directivity. Make the ratio greater than 2 days ^, 'The front end of the test-shaped member relatively weakens the structure 11 2 00426282 The part becomes thinner, so that the strain is concentrated on the part. For in-plane deformation during an earthquake, it is not deformed as shown in Figure 29A, and as shown in Figure 29B, the strain is concentrated on the front end and the component is deformed. The sharp increase is convenient for the problem of fatigue characteristics. In addition, when the curved member is formed, the material yield of the curved member is poor, and the economic benefits are not good. (6) The end width W2 of the curved member and the front end of the curved portion are selected. The ratio of the width W1, for the horizontal deformation of the curved member in any direction during an earthquake, can make the strain not always concentrated on a specific part of the curved member, but disperse the strain in the member to effectively use the curved shape. The entire member absorbs 10 energy of seismic energy. Figure 30 shows the experimental results. The fracture position is changed by applying a force. In the 0 degree direction of the plane, the fracture position is also changed by the amplitude. This result indicates that for the deformation during an earthquake, Those who effectively absorb the energy of the entire member. (7) To make the deformation of the curved member at the time of the earthquake: It will change with the bending deformation and twisting deformation of the curved member 15, When the excessive tensile stress in the direction of the material axis is not added, the entire length of the curved member must be constructed to a length sufficient to cope with the amount of deformation during an earthquake. The length of the straight portion of the curved member is used to ensure that The curved length that changes with the deformation during an earthquake is sometimes necessary. When the strain is dispersed over the entire curved member to absorb energy, the length of the 20 straight lines is a length that can be plastically deformed to absorb energy. .By using the amount of deformation at the time of the earthquake to make the straight part of the curved member the most appropriate length, it can absorb the seismic energy efficiently without wasting. The largest deformation of the shock absorber to date during the earthquake (level 2: building The degree of earthquake vibration that may be encountered once in the service life), that is, the Japanese building of the shock-absorbing building disclosed in the building letter issued by Japan Construction 12 200426282 Construction Center from January 1998 to May 1998 The completed part of the center assessment is shown in Figure 31. As a result, most of them are about 10 to 50 cm. It can be seen from the situation that the amount of deformation of the 5th suspension structure increases year by year. By ensuring that the length of the straight portion of the curved member is in the range of 10 cm to 70 cm, it is sufficient to respond. Deformation during an earthquake. Figure 32 shows the results of the fatigue experiment.
直線部長度為L-150mm(CASEl)及L=300mm(CASE2)時所得 者。在同一振幅中，L- 150mm(CASEl)較 L=300mm(CASE2)之 10斷裂次數少。這是表示：加長彎曲狀構件之長度，便可使長度 在變形增大時保留可隨之改變的空間，可提升疲勞特性。 例如，以彎曲狀構件所要求之性能來說，2()次就斷裂之振 幅只可為20cm時’便令直線部長度L=15〇mm(CASEl)。而2〇 次才斷裂之振幅只須至30cm時，便令直線部長度L=3〇〇mm 15 (CASE2)。如此，便可依所要求之性能，不浪費且有效地成形 彎曲狀構件。The length of the straight part is L-150mm (CASEl) and L = 300mm (CASE2). In the same amplitude, L-150mm (CASEl) has less break times than 10 = L = 300mm (CASE2). This means that by lengthening the length of the curved member, the space that can be changed as the length increases can be retained, and fatigue characteristics can be improved. For example, in terms of the performance required for a curved member, when the amplitude of the fracture 2 times is only 20 cm, the length of the straight portion L = 150 mm (CASEl). When the amplitude of breaking only after 20 times is only 30 cm, the length of the straight portion L = 300 mm 15 (CASE2). In this way, the curved member can be efficiently formed without wasting the required performance.
(8)因地震時構件變形所造成之應變係於板厚愈大則愈 大，尤其是有關於面内〇度方向，-曲部是呈直線變形，彎： 部R與板厚T之比率即彎曲部的曲率大時，疲勞特性則變差。 20因此，決定彎曲部R與板厚τ之比率，可防止彎曲狀構件之疲 勞特性低落。 例如，在0度方向振幅±2〇cm反覆施力實驗中，R 時之斷裂次數是6次，而R/T = 4.14時之斷裂次數是18文。即 R/T只是改變約1.0,便對彎曲狀構件之疲勞特性有大幅影響， 13 200426282 斷裂次數增加3倍。 又，比彎曲部R與板厚T之比率R/T=2.5還小時，彎曲部的曲 率便大於1/4，在面内方向之變形中，彎曲部變成直線狀，而承 受板厚方向表面之應變為25%之應變者。例如，彎曲狀構件為 5 鋼材時，彎曲狀構件承受地震時為最大25%之應變時，由第27 圖所示之鋼材的疲勞特性判斷，單單一次地震便能使鋼材斷 裂。因此，彎曲部r與板厚T之比率R/T須大於2.5。 I：實施方式】 本發明之實施形態乃示於第6圖。該實施形態係一其間設 10有隔離器1之上部結構2與下部結構3間設有衰減機構6者。 衰減機構6 ’即為：使用如第7圖所示之多個由彈塑性材料形 成為略呈U字型之彎曲狀構件7，像畫圓般組合成燈籠狀，或 者疋如第8圖所示之線對稱般，使用多組將2個彎曲狀構件相 對而成的組合而設置者。如第9圖所示，彎曲狀構件7例如用 彈塑性材料如縱25mmx橫50mm之長方形截面之鋼材彎曲成 形，因應所需，在成形後進行熱處理，以除去殘餘應變。並將 每一彎曲狀構件7之一端的安裝部8固定在上部結構2上，而 另一端之安裝部9則固定於下部結構3。 又貫際上將本發明之衣減機構安裝在結構物上使用時， 2〇並不是將彎曲狀構件的端部（安裝部）8及9直接安裝在上部姅 構2及下部結構3 ,而是如第1〇圖所示，先將連結板忉裝設 於上部結構2及下部結構3 ,再如第11圖所示，在事先於連結 板ίο加工之安裝孔（螺絲孔}11，與事先在彎曲狀構件7之端呷 8及9加工之安裝孔12 一起用螺栓13加以固定。藉此，要在 14 200426282 上部結構2及下部結構3安裝彎曲狀構件7時，只要栓緊螺检 13，便可輕易安裝。且，用以連結上部結構2及下部結構3之 裝置只有連結板10’因此可使用以固定端部之裝置最小，並可 降低製造成本。 5 又，在吸收地震能量且疲勞損傷亦非常嚴重時，或者是由 於彎曲狀構件7因使用中的事故而造成之毁損，乃需做f曲狀 構件7的替換時’可只將想替換之彎曲狀構件7單獨取下，且 更換作業亦藉螺栓的取下及栓緊便可進行，作業容易，並可降 低更換工程費用。 10 [變形形態] 參考第17圖，說明由本發明之衰減機構(減震器）6中所使 用之彈塑性材料形成為略呈U字形之彎曲狀構件7的另一較佳 實施形態。 在該彎曲狀構件7中之上部板17及下部板18係呈平行， 15 又，該彎曲狀構件7中之上部板17及下部板18以及將其等連 接成一體之彎曲連接板19係對於其等寬度方向的中心軸線C 呈對稱形狀，且前述上部板17及下部板18以及連接其等之彎 曲連接板19並對彎曲連接板19中央之橫向中心軸線b呈上下 對稱的形狀。做成如此彎曲狀構件7的形狀，便可使地震時的 20 彎曲狀構件7及衰減機構(減震器）的變形做對稱變化，使殘餘 變形不會偏向單一方向，即使受到同一方向之變形時，亦可使 剛性、屈服剪切力能量吸收量不會少於最初之值。 與前述實施形態相反，將彎曲狀構件7中之上部板17及下 部板18以及連接其等之彎曲連接板19做成非對稱形狀時，地 15 200426282 震時之彎曲狀構件及衰減機構（減震器）之變形便不會做對稱變 化，且使殘餘變形偏向單一方向，因此不佳。又，如前述本發 明，藉使其等做成對中心軸線B、c對稱之形狀，便可在安裝 時，即使將彎曲狀構件7逆轉配置，亦可為正常的配置狀態， 5在沒有安裝錯誤下構建而成者。此外，在本發明之各實施形態 中疋共通的，即，彎曲狀構件7除安裝端部以外的弯曲狀構件 7之中間部分及前端部在不受變形拘束之狀態下，是配置於離 開連結板10(14)、上部結構2及下部結構3之位置上。 又，彎曲狀構件7之前端部寬度wi係與位於f曲狀構件7 10中之上部板17及下部板18的基端側之端部寬度W2之尺寸相 較’其寬度較窄，且彎曲狀構件7之前端部寬度…及蠕部寬 度W2之尺寸係大於靑曲狀構件7之板厚τ者。如此，彎· 構件7之前端部寬度W1、端部寬度W2及板厚τ間之尺寸^ 係為W2>W1>T時，即便上部板17及下部板18以及連接其 15等之·彎曲連接板19在面外方向受到變形時，亦不會在塑性變 形時積壓殘餘變形，因此亦不會扭轉，衰減機構(減震器％的性 能變化也小。反之，如果是W2<T且W1<T之尺寸關係時， 在上部板17及下部板18以及連接其等之f曲連接板受到 面外方向之變形時，恐有塑性變形時積壓殘餘變形而致扭曲之 20虞，藉此使衰減機構(減震器）之性能改變，因此不佳。 又’將刚述實施形態及後述實施形態付諸實施時，對於將 全部的·彎曲狀構件之外形形狀改變成同一形⑯，以成為一具有 新功能之變曲狀構件7之形態上，藉相似律以設定各彎曲狀構 件7之外形形狀，使之成相似形時，衰減機構(減震器）6之性能 16 200426282 (衰減機構之屈服剪切力、變形性能、能量吸收量、疲勞特性等） 亦遵循相似律而變化。為此，要求一因為需要之某一特定衰減 機構（減震器）6之性能時，利用相似律，便能輕易地決定一用以 構建可滿足該性能之衰減機構(減震器）6中彎曲狀構件7的尺 5 寸形狀。 配置多數用以構成衰減機構6之彎曲狀構件7時，可如第 12圖所示，以一個彎曲狀構件7為一組等距配置，亦可如第 12B圖所示，配置成使彎曲狀構件7之中心軸線C略與連結板 10各邊呈平行，並以90度間隔呈放射狀配置，使彎曲狀構件 10 7之安裝端部位於連結板10各角落部附近，亦可如第13A圖所 示，呈放射狀配置，使彎曲狀構件7之端部位於連結板10各 角落部附近，並使彎曲狀構件7之中心軸線C朝著連結板10 之中心者。又，在第12A圖中顯示：假設上部結構2及下部結 構3為混凝土結構時，藉焊接等將雙頭螺栓22固定於連結板 15 10上之狀態。上部結構2及下部結構3為鋼製時，則可適時用 螺栓或焊接加以固定。 在第12A圖所示之形態中，彎曲狀構件7之兩端部係以具 有螺孔之面板(skin plate)21為中介，各藉螺栓13而固定於連結 板10。前述面板21係採用與彎曲狀構件7之安裝端部的形狀 20 略同之鋼板，藉以該面板21為中介，即可構造成：彎曲狀構 件7即使有些變形，仍可使上部板17接觸於上部結構2，或是 下部板18接觸下部結構3，便可不受彎曲狀構件7變形的限 制。為此，進一步在彎曲狀構件7中的上部板17與上部結構2 間，以及，彎曲狀構件7中的下部板18與下部結構3間設有 17 200426282 一較大的間隙G。如該實施形態所示，由連結板1〇或連結板 1〇與面板21之板厚尺寸，上部結構2之下面或下部結構3之 上面亦為平坦面時，因為形成有前述間隙G ,所以可構造成不 受彎曲狀構件7之橫向及上下方向之變形限制之點，在前述及 5後述之全部實施形態中為共通之構造。 角形之連結板10而言，使與連結板1G各邊·直相交之狀態 下’將狀構件7之安裝端部裝設於連結板1()，使其呈放射 10 15 20 狀配置者。又’亦可如帛15圖所示，以人角形或以點線標示 之四角形連結板1G而言，使·f曲狀構件7與連結板ig各邊垂 又之狀悲、下配置膏曲狀構件7者，或，亦可為以點線所示 ，四角形連結板ίο的形狀。此外，帛13〜16圖所示之實施形 圖係與第13^同樣，因此省略其等前視_顯示。 又’亦可如第16A圖所示，將2個以上之彎曲狀構件7相 接近平仃Si置，做成_組彎曲狀構件單元2G 曲狀構件單元20以莖& + 了夕默尋 4角度間隔配置成前述各實施形態者。如 =上彎曲狀構件7平行接近配置後構建成一㈣曲狀 形能::時，與前述將-個曲狀呈放射狀配置之 昇2ΓΤ’較能有效率地設置多數彎曲狀構件7,且可提 ^成機構（減震器）6的性能。 又’如第16B圖戶斤；^ 構(上部結構物)2之下部=使件7不突出於上部結 部角落☆孩下縣構(下部結構物)3之上 件”平面輪廓形狀時，亦可將適當數量以一個彎曲狀構 仵7或2個以上之蠻也处 似弓曲狀構 構件7做成一組之彎曲狀構件單元2〇 18 200426282 相隔適當間距，而配置於連結板10者。 如此，配置彎曲狀構件7時，亦可在平面上以等角度間隔 配置由至少一個以上之彎曲狀構件7成組之彎曲狀構件單元 20 ° 5 如前述，以等角度間隔配置彎曲狀構件7時，可於地震時， 使衰減機構(減震器）6從水平方向360度全方位承受變形，因此 使彎曲狀構件7不須承受如水平方向般特定方向性之應力，可 由水平方向之任一方向承受地震時之水平力時，亦可維持一定 之衰減機構6之前述性能（諸如衰減機構之屈服剪切力、變形性 10 能、能量吸收量、疲勞特性等）。 以顯現有第12〜16圖所示形態之復原特性及疲勞特性的特 徵之遲滯曲線的代表形態而言，針對第12圖所示之衰減機構 6，將針對第38A圖所示之箭頭A方向及B方向之漸增加力測 試結果各示於第38B及38C圖。又，針對於第17圖所示之彎 15 曲狀構件7重複振幅與斷裂次數之疲勞曲線示於第39圖。第 38B及38C圖中顯示有約略同樣之曲線，因此可知對於復原特 性而言沒有方向性者。又，可知有示出很高的斷裂次數。 [實施形態2] 本發明之實施形態示於第18圖。該實施形態係一避震裝 20 置，即，在於上部結構2與下部結構3間所設之隔離器1的外 周，配置用以構建衰減機構6之彎曲狀構件7，且使隔離器1 與彎曲狀構件7配置成一體的狀態者。如第19圖所示，在隔 離器1及連結上部結構2與下部結構3用之連結板14的外周， 使用2個以上之多數個將彈塑性材料成形為彎曲狀之彎曲狀構 19 200426282 件7，以等角度間隔配置成如第20圖及第21圖所示之畫圓， 組合成燈籠狀，或如第22及23圖所示，以線對稱之配合將2 個彎曲狀構件7成1組，將多組配置於隔離器1之外周。彎曲 狀構件7之端部安裝於連結板14之作業，係藉螺栓13將事前 5 加工在該彎曲狀構件7之端部8及9之安裝孔12固定於事前 加工在連結板14之安裝孔15。 藉此，在上部結構2與下部結構3間展開之空間中，將隔 離器1及衰減機構6分別且並列配置時，各自佔有該空間的面 積，使得避震裝置所佔之面積增加，但藉使隔離器1及衰減機 10 構6構建成一體，可減少在上部結構2與下部結構3間之空間 中所佔的面積。 又，藉使隔離器1及衰減機構6構建成一體，可減少安裝 在上部結構2及下部結構3的部分之個數，因此可減少安裝部 分之工程及安裝用之裝置諸如連結板10,且可將施工工程費減 15 少。 進而，如同第24圖及25圖所示之建築物的柱16之中間設 置空間，且插入隔離器1以避震化之中間層避層結構中，如同 第20圖及第21圖、第22及23圖所示，在該隔離器1之外周 配置彎曲狀構件7，且設置隔離器1及衰減機構6成一體之狀 20 態。此種形態，只要是建築物的柱子根數決定，便使隔離器1 之安裝個數及地點亦自然決定之限定形態中，亦可將隔離器1 及衰減機構6形成一體後再加以安裝。又，在中間層避層結構 中，不能將避震裝置配置成使之較柱16之外周還突出於外側 之形態下，如第25圖所示配置彎曲狀構件7，便可在有限空間 20 200426282 中配置隔離器1及衰減機構6。 [變形形態] 第34〜37圖係顯示避震裝置之變形形態者，在隔離器1之 外周配置用以構建衰減機構6之彎曲狀構件7，配置隔離器1 5 與具有彎曲狀構件7之衰減機構6且使其等為一體之狀態；在 第34圖之實施形態中，切割矩形狀連結板14之角落部，使之 為短邊，並使全體成略矩形狀連結板14，且將彎曲狀構件7之 端部與前述角落部短邊垂直配置，是呈放射狀配置之形態。第 35A〜36B圖係顯示：於由略五角形〜八角形之板體所構成之連 1〇結板μ上放射狀配置彎曲狀構件7,並將該端部與業經切割之 角落部短邊垂直配置且呈玫射狀配置之形態。此外，其等第 35〜37圖所示之實施形熊之針 〜、⑴硯圖係與第34Α圖同樣，因此省 略其專圖之顯示。 又’彎曲狀構件7之兩端邱槎w ^ 15 20 鹄#構造成以具有螺孔之面板21為 中，丨各稭螺栓13而固定於遠姓 _ 錢板14之構造，與第12Α圖所示 之形怨同樣，藉以使用有略歲 婵… 與考曲狀構件7之安裝端部形狀同 樣之鋼板之面板21為中介時， 寺即使彎曲狀構件7稍微變形， 亦可構建成：上部板17接觸 丧啁於上部結構2，或τ:部板 於下部結構3 I攸接觸 +又f曲狀構件7變形之限制者。 第37圖係顯示一代表形 置多數將2個、，… 其顯示：亦可以等角度間隔配 置夕數將2個以上之弯曲狀構 彎曲狀構件單元2〇者。 乂此為-組之 又’在第37圖所示之形皞中 z丄 中’係間隔90度等角声拓施收， 組由2個彎曲狀構件 角-距離將4 丁配置成組之彎曲狀構件單元2〇，配 21 200426282 置於八角形狀的連結板14的每隔一邊的邊上之形態。如此， 將2個以上之彎曲狀構件7間隔一定距離或相接近之狀態下平 行配置，形成一組彎曲狀構件單元時，即使是如同第16圖所 示之形態般較窄之連結板14，亦能有效率地配置彎曲狀構件 5 7，因此可提昇衰減機構(減震器）6之性能。 在使用第17圖所示之彎曲狀構件7以顯現第34〜37圖所示 之避震裝置之復原特性的特徵之遲滯曲線的代表形態中，針對 第34圖所示之避震裝置，各將對於第40A圖所示之箭頭A方 向及B方向之漸增施力測試結果示於第40B圖及第40C圖。因 10 為第40B圖及第40C圖顯示有略同樣之曲線，所以由此可知： 復原特性是無方向性者。 按本發明之避震裝置，與習知之避震裝置相較後，具有如 下之優點。即： (1) 本發明，藉由彈塑性材料構成之構件成形彎曲狀者，可 15 藉水平變形量之變化使於地震時之水平變形所造成之彎曲狀 構件之彎曲應力成最大之點在構件内移動。又，只須改變彎曲 狀構件之剖面形狀及構件形狀，便可使彎曲狀構件因地震時的 水平變形而所產生之應力、應變不致集中且累積於構件内的某 一部分。 20 藉此，可將承受構件應變之部分分散於構件全體中，以擴 大塑性化範圍，便可有效地利用構件全體，吸收地震所產生之 能量。 (2) 因地震時之水平變形所產生之構件的端部間距離之伸 長，係衍生抗拉應力及應變，但藉使彎曲部延伸成直線狀便可 22 200426282 減社。又，因為以構件形狀本身吸收源自水平變形之構件伸 …力所以不須將端部按固定條件而做成機械式複雜 構造’便可輕易進行震置製造，亦具有經濟效益。 ()將用以使彎曲狀構件成形之彈紐材料改為鋼材時，蠻 5曲狀的形狀不呈3維般複雜，因此可藉冷成形，將彎曲部精密 加工，俾製造彎曲狀構件。藉此，可使彎曲狀構件之製造少驟 簡單’且具有經濟效益。 ()f曲狀構件中之上部板及下部板以及用以連接其等之 f曲連接板係呈對於其等寬度方向之中心軸線c而對稱之形 1〇狀，且彎曲狀構件係呈對於變曲連接板中央之橫向中心轴線而 上下對稱之形狀，因此可使地震時之f曲狀構件及衰減機構(減 震器)之·絲對稱變化，且不使殘餘變形偏於單 一方向，即使為 23 200426282 時，利用相似律，即可輕易決定用以構成滿足所需性能之衰減 機構(減震器）之彎曲狀構件7的尺寸形狀。 (7) 以平面方式且等角度間隔配置藉至少一個以上之彎曲 狀構件成組之彎曲狀構件單元，因此衰減機構（減震器）在地震 5 時由水平方向之360度全方位承受變形，所以藉以等角度間隔 配置彎曲狀構件7時，從水平方向之任一方向都受到地震時之 水平力而無水平方向之特定方向性之狀態下時，可維持一定之 衰減機構之前述性能（衰減機構之屈服剪切力、變形功能、能量 吸收量及疲勞特性等），且以等角度間隔配置將2個以上之彎曲 10 狀構件平行接近配置之彎曲狀構件單元之形態，即可有效率地 配置多數彎曲狀構件。 (8) 藉將避震裝置與隔離器構造成一體時，可減少避震裝置 與隔離器所佔面積。又，減少避震裝置與隔離器各自原本所需 之安裝於上、下部結構用之安裝部分或安裝作業，因此減少施 15 工工程費用，亦具有經濟效益。 (9) 本發明係成形一種彎曲狀構件，即，藉使彎曲狀構件之 端部寬度相對於前端寬度之比在大於1且小於2之範圍内，彎曲 狀構件之直線部長度在10cm至70cm範圍内，彎曲狀構件之彎曲 部長度相對於該構件之板厚之比大於2.5者，便可改善迄今已知 20 之彎曲狀構件在地震時朝任意方向之水平變形時之性狀中的 方向性之差，且可獲得一對於任一方向皆可穩定之復原力特 性。又，藉有效地使彎曲狀構件全體做塑性變形，便可針對設 計要求，不浪費且有效率地形成彎曲狀構件。 24 200426282 I：圖式簡單説明】 示用以構建衰減機構之 ’構件上所產生之彎曲 第1圖係彎曲力矩圖及變形圖，顯 構件為直棒型時，依地震時之水平、變开> 力矩及變形者。 第2圖係抗拉變形圖，顯示用以構建衰減機構之構件為直 棒型時’依地震時之水平變形’構件上所產生之構件長向之抗 拉變形者 ，顯示用以構建衰減機構 變形，構件上所產生之彎 10 第3A至3C圖係彎曲力矩圖之例 之構件為彎曲狀時，依地震時之水平 曲力矩例者。 第4圖係一用以構建衰減機構之弯曲狀構件形狀例之圖。 第5圖係抗拉變形圖，顯示用以構建衰減機構之構件為彎 曲狀時’依地震時之水平變形，構件上所產生之構件長向抗拉 變形者。 15帛6 ®細雜胁上料構訂縣_之衰減機構及 隔離器者。 第7圖係-組合用以構建衰減機構之f曲狀構件之組合圖。 第8圖係一組合用以構建衰減機構之彎曲狀構件之組合圖。 第9圖係顯示彎曲狀構件圖。 20 第10圖係—可將上部結構、下部結構及彎•構件相連， 之連結板之安裝圖。 σ 第11圖係-彎曲狀構件與連結板之安裝圖。 圖係另-形態之衰減機構(減震器)之縱剖前視圖。 第12Β圖係第12Α ϋ之衰減機構的俯視圖。 25 200426282 第13A圖係於四角形連結板配置彎曲狀構件成放射狀之形 態的衰減機構(減震器）之俯視圖。 第13B圖係於五角形連結板配置彎曲狀構件成放射狀之形 態的衰減機構(減震器）之俯視圖。 5 第14A圖係於六角形連結板配置彎曲狀構件成放射狀之形 態的衰減機構(減震器）之俯視圖。(8) The strain caused by the deformation of the member during the earthquake is greater as the thickness of the plate becomes larger, especially with respect to the 0 degree direction in the plane. -The curved part deforms in a straight line, and the ratio of the part R to the thickness T of the plate That is, when the curvature of the bent portion is large, the fatigue characteristics are deteriorated. Therefore, by determining the ratio of the bent portion R to the plate thickness τ, it is possible to prevent the fatigue characteristics of the bent member from being deteriorated. For example, in the repeated force experiment with amplitude of ± 20cm in the direction of 0 degrees, the number of breaks at R is 6 times, and the number of breaks at R / T = 4.14 is 18 words. That is, R / T only changes about 1.0, which greatly affects the fatigue characteristics of curved members. 13 200426282 The number of fractures increases three times. In addition, when the ratio R / T = 2.5 of the bending portion R and the thickness T is smaller than 2.5, the curvature of the bending portion is greater than 1/4. In the deformation in the in-plane direction, the bending portion becomes linear and receives the surface in the thickness direction. The strain is 25%. For example, when the curved member is made of 5 steel materials and the maximum strain of the curved member is 25% when subjected to an earthquake, judging from the fatigue characteristics of the steel shown in Figure 27, a single earthquake can break the steel. Therefore, the ratio R / T of the bent portion r to the plate thickness T must be greater than 2.5. I: Embodiment The embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 6. This embodiment is one in which 10 isolators 1 are provided between the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3 and an attenuation mechanism 6 is provided. The attenuation mechanism 6 ′ is: using a plurality of curved U-shaped members 7 made of elastoplastic material as shown in FIG. 7, and combined into a lantern shape like a circle, or as shown in FIG. 8 The shown line is symmetrical, and it is installed using a combination of two sets of two curved members facing each other. As shown in Fig. 9, the curved member 7 is formed by bending, for example, an elastic-plastic material such as a steel with a rectangular cross section of 25 mm in length and 50 mm in width. If necessary, heat treatment is performed after forming to remove residual strain. A mounting portion 8 at one end of each curved member 7 is fixed to the upper structure 2, and a mounting portion 9 at the other end is fixed to the lower structure 3. In addition, when the clothing reduction mechanism of the present invention is conventionally installed and used on a structure, 20 does not directly attach the ends (installation portions) 8 and 9 of the curved member to the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3, but As shown in FIG. 10, the connection plate 忉 is first installed in the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3, and then as shown in FIG. 11, the mounting holes (screw holes) 11 processed in the connection plate in advance are Fix the mounting holes 12 processed at the ends 8 and 9 of the curved member 7 with bolts 13 in advance. Therefore, when installing the curved member 7 on the 14 200426282 upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3, simply tighten the screw inspection. 13. It can be easily installed. Moreover, the device used to connect the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3 only has a connection plate 10 ', so the device with a fixed end can be used to the minimum, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. 5 Also, it absorbs seismic energy When the fatigue damage is also very serious, or because the curved member 7 is damaged due to an accident in use, it is necessary to replace the f-shaped member 7 'only the curved member 7 that you want to replace can be removed separately And the replacement operation is also removed by bolts It can be carried out by tightening the bolts, and the operation is easy, and the replacement engineering cost can be reduced. 10 [Deformation] Referring to FIG. Another preferred embodiment of the U-shaped curved member 7. In the curved member 7, the upper plate 17 and the lower plate 18 are parallel, and the upper plate 17 and the lower plate are in the curved member 7. 18 and the curved connecting plate 19 connecting them integrally have a symmetrical shape with respect to the central axis C of the equal width direction, and the upper plate 17 and the lower plate 18 and the curved connecting plate 19 connecting them and the curved connecting plate The horizontal central axis b at the center of 19 is a vertically symmetrical shape. By making such a curved member 7 shape, the deformation of the 20 curved member 7 and the damping mechanism (shock absorber) during the earthquake can be symmetrically changed to make the residual The deformation will not deviate to a single direction, and even when subjected to deformation in the same direction, the energy absorption of rigidity and yield shear force will not be less than the initial value. Contrary to the previous embodiment, the curved member 7 When the upper plate 17 and the lower plate 18 and the curved connecting plate 19 connecting them are made into an asymmetric shape, the deformation of the curved member and the damping mechanism (shock absorber) at the time of the ground 15 200426282 will not change symmetrically. And the residual deformation is biased to a single direction, so it is not good. Also, as described in the present invention, by making it symmetrical to the central axis B, c, the curved member 7 can be reversely arranged during installation, It can also be a normal arrangement state, and 5 is constructed without installation errors. In addition, it is common in each embodiment of the present invention, that is, the curved member 7 except for the mounting end portion of the curved member 7 The middle portion and the front end portion are disposed at positions separated from the connection plate 10 (14), the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3 without being restricted by deformation. In addition, the width of the front end portion wi of the curved member 7 is smaller than the size of the end width W2 of the base plate side of the upper plate 17 and the lower plate 18 in the f-shaped member 7 and 10, and its width is narrow and curved. The dimensions of the width of the front end portion of the shape-like member 7... And the width of the creep portion W2 are larger than the plate thickness τ of the bent-shape member 7. In this way, when the dimension between the end width W1, the end width W2, and the plate thickness τ of the bending member 7 is W2 > W1 > T, even if the upper plate 17 and the lower plate 18 are connected to the 15 and the bending connection When the plate 19 is deformed in the out-of-plane direction, it will not have a backlog of residual deformation during plastic deformation, so it will not twist, and the performance change of the damping mechanism (shock absorber%) is also small. On the contrary, if it is W2 < T and W1 < In the dimensional relationship of T, when the upper plate 17 and the lower plate 18 and the f-shaped connecting plate connecting them are deformed in an out-of-plane direction, there is a fear of 20 deformations caused by the backlog residual deformation during plastic deformation, thereby attenuating the attenuation. The performance of the mechanism (shock absorber) is changed, so it is not good. Also, when the above-mentioned embodiment and the embodiment described later are put into practice, the outer shape of all the curved members is changed to the same shape to become one. In terms of the shape of the curved member 7 with new functions, the external shape of each curved member 7 is set by the law of similarity so that when they are similar, the performance of the damping mechanism (shock absorber) 6 16 200426282 (of the damping mechanism Yield Shear Force, Deformation Energy, energy absorption, fatigue characteristics, etc.) also change according to the similarity law. For this reason, when the performance of a specific attenuation mechanism (shock absorber) 6 is required, the similarity law can be used to easily determine a It is used to construct a 5-inch shape of the curved member 7 in the damping mechanism (shock absorber) 6 that can satisfy the performance. When most of the curved members 7 are configured to form the damping mechanism 6, it can be shown in FIG. 12, A curved member 7 is arranged as a set of equal distances, or as shown in FIG. 12B, so that the central axis C of the curved member 7 is slightly parallel to each side of the connecting plate 10, and is radiated at 90-degree intervals. Arranged so that the mounting end of the curved member 10 7 is located near each corner of the connecting plate 10, or as shown in FIG. 13A, it may be arranged radially so that the end of the curved member 7 is located at each corner of the connecting plate 10. The center axis C of the curved member 7 faces the center of the connecting plate 10. In addition, as shown in FIG. 12A, when the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3 are concrete structures, the two ends are welded or the like. Bolt 22 is fixed to the connecting plate 15 10 When the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3 are made of steel, they can be fixed with bolts or welding at an appropriate time. In the form shown in FIG. 12A, both ends of the curved member 7 are provided with a panel with screw holes ( The skin plate 21 is an intermediary, and each is fixed to the connecting plate 10 by bolts 13. The aforementioned panel 21 is a steel plate having the same shape as the shape 20 of the mounting end portion of the curved member 7, and can be constructed by using the panel 21 as an intermediary As a result, even if the curved member 7 is deformed, the upper plate 17 can contact the upper structure 2 or the lower plate 18 can contact the lower structure 3, so that the deformation of the curved member 7 is not restricted. A large gap G is provided between the upper plate 17 and the upper structure 2 in the member 7 and between the lower plate 18 and the lower structure 3 in the curved member 7. As shown in this embodiment, when the thickness of the connecting plate 10 or the connecting plate 10 and the panel 21 is flat, the lower surface of the upper structure 2 or the upper surface of the lower structure 3 is also a flat surface because the aforementioned gap G is formed. It can be structured so as not to be restricted by the lateral and vertical deformations of the curved member 7, and it is a common structure in all the embodiments described above and 5 to be described later. For the angled connecting plate 10, the sides of the connecting plate 1G intersect with the sides of the connecting plate 1 'are mounted on the connecting plate 1 () so as to be arranged in a radiating pattern 10 15 20. Also, as shown in Fig. 15, in the case of a quadrilateral connecting plate 1G marked with a human angle or a dotted line, the sides of the f-shaped curved member 7 and the connecting plate ig are laid down and sadly arranged. The shape-like member 7 may be in the shape of a quadrangular connection plate, shown by dotted lines. In addition, the embodiments shown in Figs. 13 to 16 are the same as those in Fig. 13 ^, so their front view display is omitted. Also, as shown in FIG. 16A, two or more curved members 7 can be placed close to the flat Si, so as to form a group of curved member units 2G. The curved member unit 20 is identified by stem & The four angular intervals are arranged in each of the aforementioned embodiments. For example, the upper curved member 7 is configured in a curved shape after being arranged close to each other in parallel. The energy can be set efficiently with the majority of the curved members 7 as described above, which is a radial arrangement of 2 Γ ′. Can improve the performance of the 机构 mechanism (shock absorber) 6. Another example is shown in Figure 16B. ^ The lower part of the structure (superstructure) 2 = the piece 7 does not protrude from the corner of the upper knot ☆ When the upper part of the child structure (lower structure) 3 is in the plane outline shape, It is also possible to arrange an appropriate number of curved members 7 or two or more like curved members 7 to form a group of curved member units 2018 200426282 at appropriate intervals and arrange them on the connecting plate 10 In this way, when the curved members 7 are arranged, the curved member units composed of at least one or more curved members 7 can be arranged at equal angular intervals on the plane. 20 ° 5 As mentioned above, the curved members are arranged at equal angular intervals. At the time of the member 7, the damping mechanism (shock absorber) 6 can be subjected to 360-degree deformation from the horizontal direction in the event of an earthquake. Therefore, the curved member 7 does not need to bear the stress of a specific directivity like the horizontal direction, and can be horizontal. When subjected to horizontal forces in either direction during an earthquake, the aforementioned properties of a certain attenuation mechanism 6 (such as the yield shear force of the attenuation mechanism, deformability, energy absorption, fatigue characteristics, etc.) can be maintained. 12th ~ The representative form of the hysteresis curve of the characteristics of the recovery characteristics and fatigue characteristics of the form shown in FIG. 16 is that the attenuation mechanism 6 shown in FIG. 12 will gradually increase in the directions of the arrows A and B shown in FIG. 38A. The results of the force test are shown in Figs. 38B and 38C. The fatigue curves for the repeated amplitude and the number of fractures of the curved member 7 and bend 15 shown in Fig. 17 are shown in Fig. 39. Figs. 38B and 38C show The curve is approximately the same, so it can be seen that there is no directionality in the recovery characteristics. It can also be seen that it shows a high number of breaks. [Embodiment 2] An embodiment of the present invention is shown in Fig. 18. This embodiment is a The shock absorbing device 20 is arranged on the outer periphery of the isolator 1 provided between the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3, and the curved member 7 for constructing the damping mechanism 6 is disposed, and the isolator 1 and the curved member 7 are disposed. In an integrated state, as shown in FIG. 19, two or more of the outer periphery of the isolator 1 and the connecting plate 14 for connecting the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3 are used to form an elastic-plastic material into a curved shape. Curved structure 19 200426282 pieces 7 Arranged at equal angular intervals as drawing circles as shown in Figures 20 and 21 to form a lantern shape, or as shown in Figures 22 and 23, 2 curved members are grouped into 7 groups with a line-symmetrical fit A plurality of groups are arranged on the outer periphery of the isolator 1. The operation of installing the ends of the curved member 7 on the connecting plate 14 is to process the previous 5 by the bolts 13 into the mounting holes of the ends 8 and 9 of the curved member 7. 12 is fixed to the mounting hole 15 processed in the connecting plate 14 in advance. Accordingly, when the isolator 1 and the damping mechanism 6 are arranged side by side in the space developed between the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3, respectively, The area increases the area occupied by the shock absorbing device. However, by constructing the isolator 1 and the attenuator 10 structure 6 as a whole, the area occupied by the space between the superstructure 2 and the substructure 3 can be reduced. In addition, if the isolator 1 and the attenuation mechanism 6 are integrally formed, the number of parts to be installed in the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3 can be reduced, so the engineering of the installation portion and the installation equipment such as the connection plate 10 can be reduced, and The construction cost can be reduced by 15%. Further, a space is provided in the middle of the column 16 of the building as shown in Figs. 24 and 25, and the isolator 1 is inserted into the intermediate layer avoidance structure for shock isolation, as shown in Figs. 20 and 21, and 22 As shown in Fig. 23, a curved member 7 is arranged on the outer periphery of the isolator 1, and the isolator 1 and the damping mechanism 6 are integrated into a state of 20. In this form, as long as the number of pillars of the building is determined, the number and location of the isolators 1 are naturally determined. In the limited form, the isolators 1 and the attenuation mechanism 6 may be integrated and then installed. Moreover, in the middle layer avoiding structure, the shock absorbing device cannot be arranged so as to protrude from the outer periphery of the column 16 outside, and the curved member 7 can be arranged in the limited space 20 as shown in FIG. 25. 200426282 is equipped with an isolator 1 and an attenuation mechanism 6. [Deformation] Figures 34 to 37 show the deformation form of the shock absorbing device. The curved member 7 for constructing the damping mechanism 6 is arranged on the outer periphery of the isolator 1, and the isolator 15 and the member having the curved member 7 are disposed. Attenuating mechanism 6 and the like as a whole; in the embodiment of FIG. 34, the corners of the rectangular connecting plate 14 are cut to make them short sides, and the whole is made into a slightly rectangular connecting plate 14, and The ends of the curved member 7 are arranged perpendicularly to the short sides of the corners, and are arranged radially. Figures 35A ~ 36B show that the curved member 7 is arranged radially on a 10-joint plate μ consisting of a plate with a slight pentagon to an octagon, and the end is perpendicular to the short side of the cut corner The configuration is in the form of a rose-shaped configuration. In addition, the implementation of the bear-shaped needles ~ and ⑴ 砚 shown in Figs. 35 to 37 are the same as those in Fig. 34A, and therefore the display of the special drawings is omitted. The two ends of the curved member 7 Qiu W ^ 15 20 鹄 # is structured with the panel 21 having screw holes as the center, and each of the bolts 13 is fixed to the structure of the distant name _ money board 14, and FIG. 12A The shape complaints shown are the same. By using a slightly older slab ... When the panel 21 of the same steel plate shape as the mounting end of the koji-like member 7 is used as an intermediary, the temple can be constructed even if the curved member 7 is slightly deformed: The plate 17 is in contact with the superstructure 2 or τ: the subplate is in contact with the lower structure 3 and is restricted by the deformation of the curved member 7. Fig. 37 shows a representative configuration consisting of two, ..., which shows that two or more curved structures can also be arranged at equal angular intervals.乂 This is-the group of 'in the shape shown in Figure 37' z 丄 中 'is an iso-angle acoustic extension at intervals of 90 degrees, the group is composed of 2 curved members with an angle-distance of 4 D. The curved member unit 20 is arranged so that it is placed on every other side of the octagonal connecting plate 14. In this way, when two or more curved members 7 are arranged in parallel at a certain distance or close to each other to form a group of curved member units, even the connection plate 14 is as narrow as the form shown in FIG. 16, Since the curved member 5 7 can be efficiently arranged, the performance of the damping mechanism (shock absorber) 6 can be improved. In the representative form of the hysteresis curve using the curved member 7 shown in FIG. 17 to express the characteristics of the recovery characteristics of the suspension device shown in FIGS. 34 to 37, each of the suspension device shown in FIG. 34 is The results of the incremental force test on the arrow A and B directions shown in Figure 40A are shown in Figures 40B and 40C. Since 10 shows the same curve in Fig. 40B and Fig. 40C, it can be seen from this that the restoration characteristic is non-directional. Compared with the conventional shock absorbing device, the shock absorbing device according to the present invention has the following advantages. That is: (1) In the present invention, if a member made of an elastoplastic material is formed into a curved shape, the bending stress of the curved component caused by the horizontal deformation during an earthquake can be maximized by the change in the horizontal deformation amount. Move inside the component. In addition, by changing the cross-sectional shape and the shape of the curved member, the stress and strain generated by the horizontal deformation of the curved member due to an earthquake are not concentrated and accumulated in a part of the member. 20 In this way, the part that can withstand the strain of the component can be dispersed throughout the component to expand the plasticization range, and the entire component can be effectively used to absorb the energy generated by the earthquake. (2) The extension of the distance between the ends of the members due to the horizontal deformation during the earthquake is derived from tensile stress and strain, but it can be reduced by extending the curved portion into a straight line. In addition, because the shape of the component itself absorbs the tensile force of the component due to horizontal deformation, it is not necessary to make the end part into a mechanically complex structure according to the fixed conditions, and it is easy to carry out seismic manufacturing, which is also economical. () When the elastic material used to form the curved member is changed to steel, the shape of the curved shape is not as complicated as 3-dimensional. Therefore, the curved part can be precisely processed by cold forming to manufacture the curved member. Thereby, the manufacturing of the curved member can be simplified easily and economically. () The upper and lower plates of the f-shaped member and the f-shaped connecting plate for connecting them are in the shape of 10 symmetrical to the center axis c in the equal width direction, and the curved member is The shape of the horizontal center axis of the curved connecting plate is symmetrical and up and down, so that the f-shaped member and the damping mechanism (shock absorber) of the f-curve can be symmetrically changed during the earthquake, and the residual deformation is not biased in a single direction. Even when it is 23 200426282, the size and shape of the curved member 7 used to constitute an attenuation mechanism (shock absorber) that satisfies the required performance can be easily determined using the similarity law. (7) The curved member units that are grouped by at least one or more curved members are arranged in a planar manner and at an equal angular interval, so the attenuation mechanism (shock absorber) undergoes 360-degree horizontal deformation in all directions during earthquake 5. Therefore, when the curved members 7 are arranged at equal angular intervals, the aforementioned performance of a certain attenuation mechanism (attenuation) can be maintained in a state where the horizontal force during an earthquake is received from any direction in the horizontal direction without a specific directivity in the horizontal direction. The yield shear force, deformation function, energy absorption, and fatigue characteristics of the mechanism), and the configuration of two or more curved 10-shaped members arranged in close proximity to the curved member units arranged at equal angular intervals can efficiently Many curved members are arranged. (8) When the shock absorber and the isolator are integrated, the area occupied by the shock absorber and the isolator can be reduced. In addition, reducing the installation parts or installation operations for the upper and lower structures originally required by the shock absorbing device and the isolator, respectively, so reducing construction costs and economic benefits. (9) The present invention is forming a curved member, that is, if the ratio of the width of the end of the curved member to the width of the front end is greater than 1 and less than 2, the length of the straight portion of the curved member is 10 cm to 70 cm Within the range, if the ratio of the length of the curved portion of the curved member to the thickness of the member is greater than 2.5, the directionality in the behavior of the curved member 20 which has been known so far during horizontal deformation in any direction during an earthquake can be improved Difference, and a restoring force characteristic that is stable in any direction can be obtained. In addition, by effectively plastically deforming the entire curved member, the curved member can be efficiently and efficiently formed according to design requirements. 24 200426282 I: Simple illustration of the diagram] Shows the bending generated on the member used to construct the attenuation mechanism. The first diagram is a bending moment diagram and a deformation diagram. When the member is a straight bar type, it will change according to the level and the time of the earthquake. > Moments and deformers. Figure 2 is a tensile deformation diagram showing the longitudinal deformation of the component generated on the component of the "deformation in the horizontal direction during an earthquake" when the component used to construct the attenuation mechanism is a straight rod, showing the component used to construct the attenuation mechanism. Deformation, Bends on Members 10 Figures 3A to 3C are examples of bending moment diagrams. When the members are curved, they are based on the horizontal bending moment examples during earthquakes. Fig. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the shape of a curved member for constructing an attenuation mechanism. Fig. 5 is a drawing of tensile deformation, showing that when the component used to construct the damping mechanism is curved, it is deformed according to the horizontal level during an earthquake, and the component generated on the component is subjected to longitudinal tensile deformation. 15 帛 6 ® fine miscellaneous materials are used to construct the attenuation mechanism and isolator of the county. Figure 7 is a combination diagram of the f-shaped members used to construct the attenuation mechanism. FIG. 8 is a combined diagram of curved members used to construct the attenuation mechanism. Fig. 9 is a diagram showing a curved member. 20 Figure 10 is the installation diagram of the connecting plate that can connect the upper structure, the lower structure and the bending and structural members. σ Figure 11 is the installation diagram of the curved member and the connecting plate. The figure is a longitudinal sectional front view of another form of attenuation mechanism (shock absorber). Fig. 12B is a plan view of the attenuation mechanism of 12A ϋ. 25 200426282 Figure 13A is a top view of a damping mechanism (shock absorber) in which a curved member is disposed in a radial shape on a quadrangular link plate. Fig. 13B is a plan view of a damping mechanism (shock absorber) in which a curved member is arranged in a radial shape on a pentagonal link plate. 5 Fig. 14A is a plan view of a damping mechanism (shock absorber) in which a curved member is arranged in a radial shape on a hexagonal connecting plate.
第14B圖係於七角形連結板配置彎曲狀構件成放射狀之形 態的衰減機構(減震器）之俯視圖。 第15圖係於八角形連結板配置彎曲狀構件成放射狀之形態 10 的衰減機構(減震器）之俯視圖。 第16A圖係顯示後述形態之衰減機構(減震器）之俯視圖， 該形態為將2個以上之彎曲狀構件平行配置而構造成1組彎曲 狀構件單元，且以等角度間隔配置多組彎曲狀構件單元者。Fig. 14B is a plan view of a damping mechanism (shock absorber) in which radial members are arranged in a radial shape on a heptagonal link plate. Fig. 15 is a plan view of an attenuating mechanism (shock absorber) in which the curved member is arranged radially in an octagonal connecting plate. FIG. 16A is a plan view showing an attenuation mechanism (shock absorber) in a form described later. This form is a structure in which two or more curved members are arranged in parallel to form a group of curved member units, and multiple groups of bends are arranged at equal angular intervals. Like building unit.
第16B圖係顯示後述形態之衰減機構(減震器）之俯視圖， 15 該形態為構造成彎曲狀構件不由上部結構物或下部結構物突 出者。 第17A圖係一較佳彎曲狀構件之立體圖。 第17B圖係第17A圖之彎曲狀構件之俯視圖。 第17C圖係第17A圖之彎曲狀構件之前視圖。 20 第18圖係顯示配置於隔離器外周之衰減機構的彎曲狀構件 之圖。 第19圖係一連結隔離器、上部結構及下部結構之連結板與 彎曲狀構件之安裝圖。 第20圖係顯示安裝於隔離器連結板的彎曲狀構件之圖。 26 200426282 第21圖係一配置於隔離器、連結板之彎曲狀構件的組合圖。 第22圖係一配置於隔離器、連結板之彎曲狀構件的組合圖。 第23圖係一配置於隔離器、連結板之彎曲狀構件的組合圖。 第24圖係中間層避震結構中在柱的中間配置一體形成之隔 5 離器及衰減機構之圖。 第25圖係中間層避震結構中在柱的中間配置一體形成之隔 離器及衰減機構之圖。 第26A圖係彎曲狀構件之俯視圖。Fig. 16B is a plan view showing an attenuation mechanism (shock absorber) in a form described later. 15 This form is a structure in which a curved member is not protruded by an upper structure or a lower structure. Figure 17A is a perspective view of a preferred curved member. Fig. 17B is a plan view of the curved member in Fig. 17A. Figure 17C is a front view of the curved member of Figure 17A. 20 FIG. 18 is a view showing a curved member of the damping mechanism arranged on the outer periphery of the isolator. Fig. 19 is an installation diagram of a connecting plate and a curved member connecting the isolator, the upper structure and the lower structure. Fig. 20 is a view showing a curved member attached to the isolator connection plate. 26 200426282 Figure 21 is a combined view of a curved member arranged in an isolator and a connecting plate. Fig. 22 is an assembled view of a curved member arranged on an isolator and a connecting plate. Fig. 23 is an assembled view of a curved member arranged on an isolator and a connecting plate. Figure 24 is a diagram of the separator and attenuation mechanism integrated in the middle of the column in the middle layer suspension structure. Fig. 25 is a diagram of an isolator and a damping mechanism integrally formed in the middle of the column in the middle layer suspension structure. Fig. 26A is a plan view of the curved member.
第26B圖係彎曲狀構件之前視圖。 10 第26C圖係彎曲狀構件之後方立體圖。 第26D圖係顯示第26A〜26C圖之彎曲狀構件變形時之復原 特性圖。 第26E圖係顯示第26A〜26C圖之彎曲狀構件變形時之復原 特性圖。 15 第27A圖係對彎曲狀構件之各部位附與名稱標示之側視Figure 26B is a front view of the curved member. 10 Figure 26C is a rear perspective view of the curved member. Fig. 26D is a graph showing the recovery characteristics when the curved member of Figs. 26A to 26C is deformed. Fig. 26E is a graph showing the recovery characteristics when the curved member of Figs. 26A to 26C is deformed. 15 Figure 27A is a side view of each part of the curved member with a name
圖。 第27B圖係對彎曲狀構件之各部位附與名稱標示之前視 圖。 第28A圖係彎曲狀構件之示意圖，該彎曲狀構件係用於有 20 關復原特性、施力方向與屈服剪切力及剛性之實驗者。 第28B圖係彎曲狀構件之示意圖，該彎曲狀構件係用於有 關復原特性、施力方向與屈服剪切力及剛性之實驗者。 第28C圖係顯示一採用第28A、28B圖之彎曲狀構件進行 且與復原特性有關之實驗結果者。 27 200426282 第28D圖係顯示一採用第28A、28B圖之彎曲狀構件進行 且與復原特性有關之實驗結果者。 第28E圖係顯示一採用第28A、28B圖之彎曲狀構件進行 且與復原特性有關之實驗結果者。 5 第28F圖係顯示一採用第28A、28B圖之彎曲狀構件進行 且和施力方向與屈服剪切力有關之實驗結果者。 第28G圖係顯示一採用第28A、28B圖之彎曲狀構件進行 且與剛性有關之實驗結果者。Illustration. Fig. 27B is a front view of each part of the curved member before the name is attached. Fig. 28A is a schematic diagram of a curved member, which is used for an experimenter who has 20 recovery characteristics, a direction of application of force, a yield shear force, and rigidity. Fig. 28B is a schematic diagram of a curved member which is used by an experimenter regarding the recovery characteristics, the direction of the applied force, the yield shear force, and the rigidity. Fig. 28C shows the results of an experiment performed with the curved members of Figs. 28A and 28B and related to the recovery characteristics. 27 200426282 Figure 28D shows the results of an experiment performed with curved members of Figures 28A and 28B and related to the recovery characteristics. Fig. 28E shows a result of an experiment performed with the curved member of Figs. 28A and 28B and related to the recovery characteristics. 5 Figure 28F shows the results of an experiment using curved members of Figures 28A and 28B and related to the direction of the applied force and the yield shear force. Fig. 28G shows a result of an experiment related to rigidity using a curved member shown in Figs. 28A and 28B.
第29A圖係說明圖，用以說明可影響疲勞特性之彎曲狀構 10 件的變形之諸種狀態者。 第29B圖係說明圖，用以說明可影響疲勞特性之彎曲狀構 件的變形之諸種狀態者。 第30A圖係用以於有關施力方向、振幅與斷裂位置之實驗 的彎曲狀構件之示意圖。 15 第30B圖係用以於有關施力方向、振幅與斷裂位置之實驗Fig. 29A is an explanatory diagram for explaining various states of deformation of the curved structure 10 which can affect the fatigue characteristics. Fig. 29B is an explanatory diagram for explaining various states of deformation of the curved member that can affect the fatigue characteristics. Fig. 30A is a schematic diagram of a curved member used in experiments regarding the direction of application of force, amplitude, and location of fracture. 15 Figure 30B is used for experiments on the direction, amplitude and location of the force
的彎曲狀構件之示意圖。 第30C圖係彎曲狀構件中之斷裂位置之示意圖。 第30D圖係顯示採用第30A、30B圖之彎曲狀構件進行且 有關變形方向與斷裂位置有關之實驗結果者。 20 第31圖係避震建築物在地震時之最大相對變形之調查結果 之示意圖。 第32A圖係一彎曲狀構件之示意圖，該彎曲狀構件係用以 於有關彎曲狀構件之直線變形與疲勞特性之實驗者。 第32B圖係另一彎曲狀構件之示意圖，該彎曲狀構件係用 28 200426282 以於有關彎曲狀構件之直線變形與疲勞特性之實驗者。 第32C圖係顯示採用第32A、32B圖之彎曲狀構件進行且 與彎曲狀構件之直線變形和疲勞特性有關之實驗結果者。 第33圖係第32圖之疲勞特性實驗結果中之應變振動與斷 5 裂次數間之關係的示意圖。 第34A圖本發明變形形態之避震裝置且取下該裝置之前面 側彎曲狀構件後所示之前視圖。 第34B圖係第34A圖之避震裝置的俯視圖。Schematic illustration of a curved member. FIG. 30C is a schematic diagram of a fracture position in a curved member. Figure 30D shows the results of experiments performed with the curved members of Figures 30A and 30B and related to the direction of deformation and the location of the fracture. 20 Figure 31 is a diagram showing the survey results of the maximum relative deformation of an isolated building during an earthquake. Fig. 32A is a schematic diagram of a curved member which is used by an experimenter regarding the linear deformation and fatigue characteristics of the curved member. Figure 32B is a schematic diagram of another curved member, which is used by the experimenter on the linear deformation and fatigue characteristics of curved members. Fig. 32C shows the results of experiments performed with the curved members of Figs. 32A and 32B and related to the linear deformation and fatigue characteristics of the curved members. Fig. 33 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the strain vibration and the number of fractures in the experimental results of the fatigue characteristics shown in Fig. 32. Fig. 34A is a front view showing a shock absorbing device according to a modification of the present invention with the curved member on the front side of the device removed; Fig. 34B is a top view of the suspension device of Fig. 34A.
第35A圖係顯示一避震裝置之變形形態的俯視圖，該裝置 10 使用略呈五角形之連結板，並將彎曲狀構件呈平面放射狀配置 者。 第35B圖係顯示一避震裝置之變形形態的俯視圖，該裝置 使用略呈六角形之連結板，並將彎曲狀構件呈平面放射狀配置 者。 15 第36A圖係顯示一避震裝置之變形形態的俯視圖，該裝置Fig. 35A is a plan view showing a modified form of the shock absorbing device. The device 10 uses a slightly pentagonal connecting plate, and the curved members are arranged in a radial plane. Fig. 35B is a plan view showing a modified form of the shock absorbing device which uses a slightly hexagonal connecting plate and arranges the curved members in a radial plane. 15 Figure 36A is a top view showing a modified form of a suspension device, the device
使用略呈七角形之連結板，並將彎曲狀構件呈平面放射狀配置 者。 第36B圖係顯示一避震裝置之變形形態的俯視圖，該裝置 使用略呈八角形之連結板，並將彎曲狀構件呈平面放射狀配置 20 者。 第37圖係顯示一避震裝置之變形形態的俯視圖，該裝置之 形態為：將彎曲狀構件平行配置而構造成1組彎曲狀構件單 元，並將多數彎曲狀構件以等角度間隔配置者。 第38A圖係一測試體的概略俯視圖，該測試體係用於漸增 29 200426282 施力測試中之衰減機構(減震器）之疲勞特性實驗者。 第38B圖係一遲滯曲線，顯示第38A圖中A方向之漸增施 力測試中之衰減機構(減震器）的疲勞特性者。 第38C圖係一遲滯曲線，顯示第38A圖中B方向之漸增施 5 力測試中之衰減機構(減震器）的疲勞特性者。 第39圖係一線圖，顯示針對彎曲狀構件所得之重複振幅與 斷裂次數關係之疲勞曲線。 第40A圖係一測試體的概略俯視圖，該測試體係用於漸增 施力測試中之衰減機構(減震器）之疲勞特性實驗者。 10 第40B圖係一遲滯曲線，顯示第40A圖中A方向之漸增施 力測試中之衰減機構(減震器）的疲勞特性者。 第40C圖係一遲滯曲線，顯示第40A圖中B方向之漸增施力 測試中之衰減機構(減震器）的疲勞特性者。 【圖式之主要元件代表符號表】 1...隔離器 13...螺栓 2...上部結構 16···柱 3…下部結構 17...上部板 6...衰減機構 18...下部板 7...彎曲狀構件 19…彎曲連接板 8,9...安裝部 20…彎曲狀構件單元 10,14...連結板 21…面板 11，12，15...安裝孔 22...雙頭螺栓 30A slightly heptagonal connecting plate is used, and the curved members are arranged radially in a plane. Fig. 36B is a plan view showing a modified form of the shock absorbing device, which uses a slightly octagonal connecting plate and arranges curved members in a radial shape in a plane. Fig. 37 is a plan view showing a modified form of the shock absorbing device. The shape of the device is a structure in which curved members are arranged in parallel to form a group of curved member units, and most of the curved members are arranged at equal angular intervals. Figure 38A is a schematic top view of a test body. This test system is used to gradually increase the fatigue characteristics experimenter of the attenuation mechanism (shock absorber) in the force test. Figure 38B is a hysteresis curve showing the fatigue characteristics of the damping mechanism (shock absorber) in the incremental force test in the direction A in Figure 38A. Fig. 38C is a hysteresis curve, which shows the fatigue characteristics of the attenuation mechanism (shock absorber) in the incremental force test in the B direction in Fig. 38A. Figure 39 is a line diagram showing the fatigue curve of the relationship between the repetitive amplitude and the number of breaks for a curved member. Fig. 40A is a schematic top view of a test body, and the test system is used for the experimenter of fatigue characteristics of the attenuation mechanism (shock absorber) in the incremental force test. 10 Figure 40B is a hysteresis curve showing the fatigue characteristics of the damping mechanism (shock absorber) in the incremental force test in the direction A in Figure 40A. Figure 40C is a hysteresis curve showing the fatigue characteristics of the attenuation mechanism (shock absorber) in the increasing force applied in the direction B in Figure 40A. [Representative symbols for the main components of the drawing] 1 ... Isolator 13 ... Bolt 2 ... Upper structure 16 ... Post 3 ... Lower structure 17 ... Upper plate 6 ... Attenuation mechanism 18. .. lower plate 7 ... bending member 19 ... bending connection plate 8,9 ... mounting portion 20 ... bending member unit 10,14 ... connecting plate 21 ... panel 11, 12, 15 ... mounting Hole 22 ... Stud 30
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003139178A JP2004340301A (en) | 2003-05-16 | 2003-05-16 | Seismic isolator |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| TW200426282A true TW200426282A (en) | 2004-12-01 |
| TWI280996B TWI280996B (en) | 2007-05-11 |
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| TW92130312A TWI280996B (en) | 2003-05-16 | 2003-10-30 | Device for insulating a building from earthquake |
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| JP (1) | JP2004340301A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1259488C (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1068663A1 (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI280996B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103397595A (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2013-11-20 | 清华大学 | Metal damper and design method thereof |
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-
2003
- 2003-05-16 JP JP2003139178A patent/JP2004340301A/en active Pending
- 2003-10-30 TW TW92130312A patent/TWI280996B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-10-31 CN CN 200310103132 patent/CN1259488C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2005-01-27 HK HK05100709A patent/HK1068663A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103397595A (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2013-11-20 | 清华大学 | Metal damper and design method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1550619A (en) | 2004-12-01 |
| CN1259488C (en) | 2006-06-14 |
| HK1068663A1 (en) | 2005-04-29 |
| JP2004340301A (en) | 2004-12-02 |
| TWI280996B (en) | 2007-05-11 |
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