200425556 玖、發明說明： ㈠【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明大體上係有關於發光裝置，特別是有關於有機發 光二極體（organic light eipitting diodes，〇 LEDs)之具體實 施。本發明特別是有關於用以將上述發光裝置之發射光譜 之光轉換成爲不同發射光譜之光的轉換器層。 ㈡【先前技術】 有機發光二極體經由一有機材料所形成之有機層來發 射光，當施加一橫跨於上述有機層之電壓時，上述有機層 會發出某一發射光譜之光。因此有機發光二極體通常包括 一具有上述特性之一有機材料所形成之有機層（針對上述 特性將於下面使用上述所表明之有機發光二極體材料）、一 隔著上述有機層彼此相對且用以施加一橫跨於上述有機層 之電壓的兩個電極之電極結構、以及一基材，其中上述層 係依序放置於上述基材上。 在上述有機發光二極體中，所謂基材射極（substrate emitters)係不同於頂射極（top emitters)。上述基材射極型之 有機發光二極體經由上述基材自上述有機層發射光，然而 上述頂射極係提供用以將其有效動作所發射之光朝遠離上 述基材之方向發射。再者，有機發光二極體可依據上述有 機材料之聚集狀態（state of aggregation)的形態來做區別， 其中上述有機材料在沈積上述有機層之前係爲蒸氣形態或 者液體形態。 •-有機發光二極體分別發射何種發射光譜及何種顏色 係先依上述有機材料之型態而定。將上述電壓施加於上述 200425556 有機層之兩側，以產生一電場，上述電場會造成在上述有 機材料中原子之激發，最後造成電子與電洞朝彼此相反方 向遷移。當電子與電洞相會時，會產生復合.，其中依據上 述有機材料之狀態，會以光之形式釋放不同數量之能量。 因爲有機材料之選擇係受限制的，所以會有下面之有機發 光二極體，其除了具有上述有機發光層之外，同時具一光 轉換層，上述光轉換層具有可藉由吸收作用以在某些區域 中過濾上述有機層之發射光譜的濾光特性或者具有螢光 或磷光特性，依據上述螢光或磷光特性，在上述光轉換層 中吸收由上述有機層所發射之光以及在從一激發狀態轉 移至其它能量狀態之後，再次以不同發射光譜來發射光。 有機發光二極體已成爲許多被看好之新式平面顯示器 及平面螢幕之基礎。相較於已知平面顯示器之觀念，以有 機發光二極體爲主之顯示器具有許多之優點，例如大角度 視野，上述顯示器之自行發射而不需任何之背光以及以非 常低之功率耗損以完成顯示之可能性。爲了實現一彩色顯 不，必須將上述顯示器之複數個圖元（picture elements)(亦 稱爲圖素）分別分割成爲複數個圖素區域，上述圖素區域會 發射一不同顏色之光。 基本上，具有兩個用以分別產生不同顏色及一彩色顯示 之方式。一方面，分別佈置上述複數個圖元及圖素，以便 在可將每一圖元分割成爲具有個自發射顏色之複數個次圖 素（subpixels)。亦即，在上述個別次圖素之發光區域產生不 同之光。因此，可藉由個別空間上分離之複數個有機發光 二極體來產生上述顯示器之個別顏色及原色（primary col or s)(例如，紅色、綠色及藍色），上述複數個有機發光二 200425556 極體在空間上彼此分離之複數個圖素區域上具有不同發射 顏色，然後在觀視者眼睛中將上述不同發射顏色混合成爲 一任意所需之顏色。另一選擇是藉由將上述發光二極體佈 置成爲裝置以實施上述方式，因而將用以發出個別顏色之 複數個層彼此堆疊在一起，以便可自任何圖素區域發射出 任何顏色之光。 用以實現上述顯示器之不同顏色之第二可能性係不要 提供具有不同發射顏色之有機發光二極體之彩色顯示器， 而是僅使用會發射出一相同顏色之有機發光二極體，但是 會藉由個別之光轉換元件，以將上述發射顏色轉換成爲上 述原色之一。以此設置，可解決在實現依據有機發光二極 體之彩色顯示時所造成之重大問題：有機發光二極體在操 作期間之老化及針對一所給予之電流密度釋放亮度。對於 不同之顏色會有不同之老化，此即所謂之差異性老化 (differential aging)，因此如果沒有實施後調整（p〇st adjustment)，則上述老化會漸漸地使上述顯示之顏色變得 不好。 在此轉換中，又有兩種不同之原則。一方面，當每一圖 素區域之有機發光二極體產生第一白光，以及之後藉由一 濾光層（filter layer)自每一圖素區域中之白光過濾出上述 所需顯示顏色或所需原色時，可在上述個別圖素區域中針 對一全色顯示器實現上述不同之顏色。上述設置具有下列 缺點：在過據期間會失去其它不需要之顏色，因而嚴重地減 少上述顯示器之效率。 上述第二可能解決方式比較有利，每一圖素區域之有機 發光二極體及上述有機層分別只發射出一種原色，然後藉 200425556 由一螢光或磷光轉換器將上述所發射之顏色轉換成爲另一 種原色。針對不同原色提供不同之轉換器。正常地，當上 述發光二極體發射藍光及綠光時，例如藉由上述轉換產生 紅光，即可實現此程序。 到目前爲止，上述轉換解決方式具有重大之缺點。上述 戶斤獲得之現有材料不是只具有非常有限之顏色區域，就是 上述現有材料不夠穩定。上述第一個適用於使用無機磷光 材料之轉換。通常係使用金屬原子之內殼層（inner shell)之 轉移（transition)。然而，上述轉移只涵蓋相對有限之光譜 區域’以及只能以有限方式來改變。因此，基本上，因爲 基於在有機合成化學性質中之可能性（possibility)的原因， 有機染料可允許上述吸收與發射波長之無限變化，所以上 述有機染料比較適合做爲轉換器。 然而’因爲上述有機染料經常不夠穩定，所以將以上述 有機染料之轉換應用於發光裝置中會造成非常大的問題。 正常地’當使用上述有機染料以做爲轉換器時，會將上述 有機染料嵌入一聚合物矩陣（polymer matrix)中。正常地， ±述轉換器染料之壽命時間太短，而無法針對照明或顯示 應用達成一足夠的壽命時間。到目前爲止，以具有轉換器 機藍色發光二極體爲主之發光二極體只能以無機轉換 器材料來達成。 現在期望能有一具有一足夠壽命時間之轉換器層。 ㈢【發明內容】 @此’本發明之目的在於提供一種發光裝置及上述發光 裝置之製造方法，以便一方面能改善上述壽命時間，另一 方面可易於製造上述發光裝置。 -10 - 200425556 可藉由如申請專利範圍第1項之發光裝置及如申請專利 範圍第12項之方法來達成本發明上述目的。 本發明之知識在於：藉由將一有機染料與一無機材料混 合，以獲得一具有較長壽命時間之用以將一第一發射光譜 之光轉換成爲一第二發射光譜之光的轉換器層，其中上述 有機染料吸收上述第一發射光譜中至少某一波長之光，以 及發射具有一第二發射光譜之光，以回應上述吸收作用。 因此，可維持有關於上述有機合成化學之吸收與發射波長 之幾乎無限變化的優點。有關於上述有機染料之不夠穩定 的問題則可藉由將上述有機染料混入上述無機材料來解 決。總之，當選擇上述合適無機材料時，上述轉換器層可 同時扮演一透明陽極或陰極之角色，在此情況中，可簡'化 上述發光裝置之結構。總之，當選擇上述合適無機材料時， 本發明之混合物可使上述轉換器簡單化，並且能有便宜之 建構方法（例如’在氧化砂或二氧化鈦之情況中之介層平版 倉虫刻方法（via lithographic methods))。 依據本發明之特定實施例，上述混合物係由在上述無機 矩陣材料中之上述有機轉換器材料之一固態溶液所組成。 在大部分應用情況中，上述有機染料對無機材料之混合比 爲··上述有機部分所佔之體積係少於5 %，但是大於〇.丨％。 依據一特定實施例，藉由在重疊氣相沈積區域上同時氣 相沈積上述有機染料與無機材料以獲得上述混合物。上述 結果會產生一固態溶液，其中將上述有機染料嵌入上述無 機材料中。 ㈣【實施方式】 首先，第1圖顯示依據本發明之一實施例的一頂射極有 200425556 機發光二極體（topemitter organic light emitting diode)之 結構。第1圖之由元件符號1 0所代表之有機發光二極體包 括一下接觸層12、一有機發光二極體材料層14(亦即，有 機材料）以及一爲導電材料之轉換器層16,其中上述有機發 光二極體材料層1 4在施加一橫跨於其兩側之電壓時具有 發射出某一波長之光的特性，以及上述轉換器層1 6對於上 述層14所發射之光係屬透明的，上述導電材料例如係經適 當摻雜之二氧化砂（silica)或二氧化鈦（titanium dioxide)，用 以做爲一有機染料1 8之矩陣，上述有機染料1 8係嵌入於 上述轉換器層16之無機材料中，其中上述層12至16係依 序沉積於一基材20上。 在此，上述有機發光二極體10係佈置成爲一頂射極 (topemitter)，亦即分別爲一朝遠離上述基材20之方向發射 光之結構以及一朝遠離上述基材20之方向發射光之發光 裝置。上述下接觸層（電極層）12係做爲一陰極，然而上述 轉換器層1 6除了做爲光轉換層的功能之外，亦扮演陽極之 角色。在另外一種情況下，上述下接觸層1 2可做爲陽極， 而上述轉換器層16可做爲陰極。一旦將一電壓施加於上述 陽極16與上述陰極12之間時，上述層14會發射出光。 在上述有機發光二極體10係一有機發光二極體被動矩 陣顯示器之一圖素的情況下，其中上述有機發光二極體被 動矩陣顯示器係由位於上述基材2 0上之例如以列與行方 式排列之數個有機發光二極體（每一有機發光二極體係針 對每一圖素）所組成，上述下陰極層1 2例如係建構成彼此 電性隔離之複數個列導電層（row conductive layers)，然而 上述轉換器層1 6係建構成彼此隔離之複數個行導電線跡 -12· 200425556 (column conductive traces)中，上述複數個行導電線跡之行 進方向係垂直於上述複數個列導電層。儘管係一藉由在氣 相沉積期間經由上述複數個行導電線跡間之複數個阻斷邊 緣來遮蔽複數個狹長帶（narrow stripes)之全區域氣相沉 積，上述轉換器層1 6上可分別藉由朝行方向行進之上述複 數個阻斷邊緣（interruption edges)及複數個分離器 (separator)而建構成上述複數個行導電線跡。當針對上述有 機發光二極體材料層14氣相沉積上述有機發光二極體材 料時，上述複數個分離器可藉由在氣相沉積期間遮蔽上述 有機發光二極體材料，以便使上述有機發光二極體材料層 1 4建構於沿著行方向行進之路徑中。藉由在上述陰極層！2 中之某一列導電線跡與上述轉換器層1 6中之某一行導電 線跡間施加一電壓，可個別啓動在此被動矩陣有機發光二 極體顯示器中之有機發光二極體（亦即並非相依於其它有 機發光二極體）。 另外一種情況，上述下陰極層丨2可代表一形成於上述 基材20之積體主動矩陣電路，其中在一有機發光二極體顯 示器之情況中，可分別針對每一圖素及每一有機發光二極 體以在上述基材20上提供上述下陰極層12。如果上述有機 發光二極體1 0係一主動矩陣有機發光二極體顯示器之部 分，則上述轉換器層1 6可以是一連續轉換器層，用以做爲 上述顯示器之所有有機發光二極體之陽極，上述陽極係處 於相同預定之電位，然而上述有關於每一有機發光二極體 之主動矩陣電路係藉由設定在上述陰極側之電位，以控制 上述個別有機發光二極體。 依據橫跨於上述有機發光二極體材料層1 4之電趣而 -13- 200425556 定，上述有機發光二極體材料層1 4之有機材料會發射具有 較多或較少強度之光。上述確實有效光（actually effective light)係指遠離上述基材20之方向（意指朝上述轉換器層16 之方向）所發射之光。因此，上述基材20對於光來說沒有 必要是透明的。一旦以橫跨上述有機發光二極體材料層i 4 方式施加上述電壓，上述有機發光二極體材料層14會因複 數個電洞與電子之復合而發光，以及上述所發射之光包括 一依據上述有機發光二極體而定之發射光譜。爲了達到能 在上述觀視者之眼睛中分別產生一不同發射光譜之光及一 不同顏色之光（上述有機發光二極體材料層14所發射），因 而提供上述轉換器層1 6，上述轉換器層1 6除了扮演透明陽 極之角色之外，同時用以將由上述有機發光二極體材料層 14所發射之光轉換成爲一具有不同光譜之光。嚴格來說， 整合於上述透明陽極及具有螢光特性之有機染料1 8係用 以吸收上述有機發光二極體之光以及將上述所發射之光以 一不同之波長再度發射。上述矩陣材料應該是透明的，並 且除了別的以外亦可用以增加上述整合染料之壽命時間。 由於上述有機合成化學之多樣性，所以上述吸收能帶及發 射能帶間之變化可能性係很大的，以致例如可容易地從 上述有機發光二極體材料層14之藍光產生紅光或綠 光。 爲了製造上述有機發光二極體10,首先，提供一具有上 述下接觸層12之基材20。在上述有機發光二極體10係一 有機發光二極體顯示器之部分的情況中，上述方式例如針 對一被動矩陣有機發光二極體顯示器之情況來說可包含氣 相沉積列導電線跡於上述基材20上，或者針對一主動矩陣 -14 - 200425556 有機發光一極體顯不器之情況來說，上述方式色 主動矩陣電路，以控制上述有機發光二極體1 〇。 最後，將上述有機發光二極體材料層14設濯 接觸層1 2上。在例如藉由氣相沉積來沉積上述确 極體材料之情況中，上述有機發光二極體材料層 有機材料所組成。針對一被動矩陣有機發光二極 之情況’在上述基材20與上述下接觸層12之一 域間所^£供之邊緣（edges)藉由遮蔽（shadowing)， 述有機發光二極體材料層14在實施氣相沉積之 於一行路徑中。再者，上述有機發光二極體材料 入一矩陣材料中。上述矩陣材料例如可以是一聚 無機材料。依據上述矩陣材料之型態而定，可藉 相沉積（co-vapor deposition)(其意指同時在一共 積區域中氣相沉積上述有機發光二極體材料及上 料）或者藉由將一溶解於一聚合物並且具有溶液 機染料分別沉積於上述基材20與上述下接觸層 施上述沉積。 在目前所形成之上述層12、14及20的結構上 時沉積上述有機材料1 8與一無機矩陣材料以及 相沉積材料氣相沉積於上述層1 4上之一共同氣 域’以形成上述轉換器層丨6。上述共同氣相沉積 包括上述有機發光二極體10與上述有機發光二 器之整個區域或者其部分區域，其中藉由氣相沉 所要蒸發之上述層2〇、12及14間之相對運動， 述轉換器層16所要沉積之整個區域的方式來移 相沉積區域。 丨括整合一 丨於上述下 ‘機發光二 1 4係由純 體顯示器 ‘行圖素區 以確保上 後係建構 脣14可嵌 合物或一 由共同氣 同氣相沉 述矩陣材 形式之有 12上來實 ，藉由同 將上述氣 相沉積區 區域可以 極體顯示 積設備與 以橫過上 動上述氣 -15- 200425556 第2圖槪要地顯示一用以獲得上述有機染料（以下有時 稱之爲有機摻質）與上述無機矩陣材料之共同氣相沉積之 可能氣相沉積1置。弟2圖顯不以兀件符號40代表之上述 層之配置及上述基材，而上述所要形成之轉換器層係要沉 積於上述層之配置與上述基材上。爲了保持與第1圖之實 施例中之一致性，上述層序結構（1 a y e r s e q u e n c e) 4 0對應於 上述層20、12及14。第2圖之氣相沉積裝置係以元件符號 42來表示。上述氣相沉積裝置係由一用以沉積上述有機材 料之氣相沉積設備4 4及一用以氣相沉積上述無機矩陣材 料之蒸發源4 6所組成。上述氣相沉積設備4 4係由一氣相 沉積容器48與一位於上述氣相沉積容器48中用以蒸發上 述有機材料之蒸發源50所組成。 上述氣相沉積容器48之內壁形成一大體上封閉之內室 52。上述氣相沉積容器48之面對上述基材40的一下側54 係形成用以做爲一屏幕（screen)或隙孔（aperture)，以及包括 一個或多個孔56,其中藉由上述蒸發源50蒸發之上述有機 發光二極體經由上述孔56以氣相沉積圓形突出部（vapor deposition lobe)58之形式排出，以撞擊上述基材40。 爲了避免上述氣相沉積之有機發光二極體材料堵塞上 述複數個孔5 6，因而提供一隙孔加熱裝置，上述隙孔加熱 裝置包括複數條加熱線，其例如係位於上述複數個孔5 4中 或沿著上述複數個孔54來佈置，以及上述隙孔加熱裝置係 用以將上述圓形突出部5 8加熱至可以有效地防止上述複 數個孔56堵塞之溫度。選擇上述溫度時，最好使上述溫度 能足夠低，以便在上述隙孔54之表面形成單層之有機發光 二極體材料，但是在另外一方面，上述溫度需足夠高，以 -16 - 200425556 防止再次形成額外有機發光二極體材料層。因爲不期望上 述溫度太高以避免任何單層之形成以及額外吸收層之有機 發光二極體材料只在一非常低之溫度以下形成，所以此一 溫度設定是非常有利的。可使用陶瓷來做爲上述圓形突出 部58之材料。上述溫度例如可以是200〇c〜400ac。同時， 亦可加熱上述氣相沉積容器48之其它內壁，其中上述加熱 溫度最好大於用以加熱上述隙孔54之溫度。 上述矩陣材料蒸發源46(例如，用以蒸發做爲無機矩陣 材料之一氧化矽（Silica)及二氧化欽（titaniuin dioxide))傳送 一疋向氣相、丨几積圓形突出部（directed vapor deposition lobe)60於上述基材40上，其中將氣相沉積設備44與蒸發 源46固定地彼此對齊，以便將上述氣相沉積圓形突出部5 8 及60重疊，以在上述基材40上界定出一共同沉積區域62。 藉由在上述氣相沉積裝置4 2與上述基材4 0間實施一相對 運動64，可將嵌入於上述無機矩陣材料中之有機染料的轉 換器層16沉積於上述整個區域，或者藉由橫越上述基材40 以適當定位上述氣相沉積區域，以便刻意地將上述轉換器 層16沉積於上述基材40之某些區域。 氣相沉積設備44、蒸發源50及蒸發源46最好以細長形 狀來形成’以便能在一延伸方向（例如，上述行延伸方向） 對應於或超越一有機發光二極體顯示器，因而在上述基材 40與上述氣相沉積裝置42間有足夠之一維相對運動。上述 細長形狀設計之另一優點在於：可避免上述共同染料損失 (上述共同染料損失例如發生於藉由一點源（point source)氣 相沉稹上述有機材料之時），以及藉由上述氣相沉積設備44 只曝露上述基材40之一條狀區域來加熱。 -17- 200425556 在上述共问氣相丨几積中，可同時氣相沉積另一摻質，上 述另一摻質用以增加上述無機矩陣材料之導電特性。 上述先前描述僅有關於一有機發光二極體（一有機發光 二極體顯示器之圖素部分）之形成。然而，對於特別之彩色 有機發光二極體顯示器來說，在分別使用上述相同有機發 光二極體材料於所有有機發光二極體及所有圖素（亦即所 有有機發光二極體發射出具有相同光譜之光）之情況中，其 針對上述不同圖素及圖素區域分別需要額外地使用不同有 機染料於上述轉換器16中。第3圖顯示一具有相鄰有機發 光二極體l〇a、10b、l〇c、l〇d及10e之有機發光二極體顯 示器之部分’以做爲範例。上述有機發光二極體l〇a_1〇e 係以如第1圖所示之相同方法所形成，以及亦一共同層配 置方式來形成’上述共同層配置包括上述基材20、上述下 接觸層12、上述有機發光二極體材料層14及上述轉換器層 1 6。上述轉換器層1 6及上述下接觸層1 2係用以做爲陽極/ 陰極結構，以及以適當方式來建構，以便可藉由施加一橫 跨於位在上述個別有機發光二極體及圖素區域中上述層14 之電壓，來個別控制上述有機發光二極體l〇a-l〇e，其中上 述陽極/陰極結構對應到如上所述之主動或被動矩陣原 則。 上述有機發光二極體l〇a-l〇e僅基於下面事實而彼此不 同··不同無機矩陣材料及不同有機染料分別嵌入於位於上 述個別圖素區域中之轉換器層1 6的無機矩陣材料中。在 此，上述有機發光二極體材料層1 4例如發射藍光。然後， 例如，上述有機發光二極體1 〇 a之有機染料吸收上述光， 並且發射出紅光，然而上述有機發光二極體l〇b之有機染 200425556 料吸收藍色光，並且發射出綠光。可以相同方式來改變上 述其它有機發光二極體l〇c、10d及10e。亦可提供在上述 轉換器層1 6之矩陣材料中不具有有機染料之有機發光二 極體’以便上述有機發光二極體之藍光可簡單地通過上述 控制器層1 β 〇 在上述方式中，藉由在上述複數個圖素區域中分別提供 不同有機染料及無機染料給上述轉換器層1 6，可針對一可 個別控制的有機發光二極體矩陣完成三個原色（例如，紅 色、綠色及藍色）中之一，其中上述可個別控制的有機發光 二極體矩陣係以一行與列矩陣來排列，其針對每一圖素區 域發射相同發射光譜之光。上述複數個圖素區域之顏色變 化的一個可能性顯示於第4圖之示意頂視圖中。如同上述 基本之可個別控制的有機發光二極體，上述複數個圖素區 域係以行及列方式來排列，並且在第4圖中係以一矩陣方 塊來表示。因爲字母R代表紅色、G代表綠色、Β代表藍 色’所以在一列圖素區域中上述轉換器層1 6分別具有相同 有機染料及不具有染料。因此，在行方向之相鄰三個有機 發光二極體可整合成爲次圖素（如圖中圈繞所示），其中藉 由適當控制在上述次圖素之複數個有機發光二極體的強 度’可在上述觀視者之眼睛中達成一所需顏色觀感（color impression) 〇 當第2圖之一氣相沉積裝置朝著列方向70以直排式排 列（column-wise alignment)方式相對於或橫跨上述基材來移 動或者上述基材相對於上述氣相沉積裝置來移動時，如第4 圖所示之轉換器層1 6的顏色分佈及結構例如可藉由依據 上述氣相沉積裝置來完成。上述氣相沉積裝置42以橫跨上 -19- 200425556 述整個行範圍方式來延伸，以及將複數個孔56彼此隔開， 以致於上述複數個孔56與每一第三列對齊。在上述方式 中，例如在一第一次通過動作中，可形成具有有機染料之 每一第三列，其中上述有機染料係用以將藍光轉換成爲紅 光。在上述相對運動中，可保持第2圖之氣相沉積裝置與 基材之對齊，以便上述氣相沉積裝置之長度對齊線係以平 行於上述行方向之方式來移動、每一個孔與每一第三列對 齊、至上述基材之距離比較小以及上述氣相沉積裝置平行 於上述待蒸鍍之基材的主要表面。在一第二製程中，以一 對應方式將上述轉換器層施加於其它列之圖素區域中。上 述不同列之轉換器層亦可藉由使一氣相沉積裝置以唯一相 對運動來同時形成，其中上述氣相沉積裝置包括三個氣相 沉積設備44,上述三個氣相沉積設備44在針對上述蒸發設 備4 6之矩陣材料摻雜材料的同時氣相沉積不同之有機材 料，並且上述三個氣相沉積設備44之複數個孔彼此以相隔 一個列方式來排列。 上述實施例係有關於頂射極結構，在上述頂射極結構 中’將上述有機發光二極體層放置於上述轉換器層與上述 基材之間。第5圖顯示一基材射極之範例。第5圖顯示一 有機發光二極體10，，其包括一轉換器層16，、一透明陰極 層12’、一有機發光二極體層14,及一陽極層60，上述層係 依序形成於一透明基材2 0 ’上。 如同在第1圖之實施例中，形成上述陰極與陽極層，以 便可個別施加一橫跨上述有機發光二極體層1 4，之區域的 電壓’上述有機發光二極體層14，係上述有機發光二極體 10’之一部分。在上述有機發光二極體1〇,係一有機發光二 -20- 200425556 極體顯示器之部分的情況中，電壓之施加會以一主動矩陣 裝置或被動矩陣裝置之方式發生。一旦施加一電壓，在上 述有機發光二極體層14,中之有機發光二極體材料會發射 具有某一發射光譜之光。上述光會穿透透明或者半透明之 陰極層12,，並且會被嵌入上述轉換器層16,中之有機材料 1 8 ’所吸收，然後上述有機材料會藉由從一激發狀態遷移至 一較低能量狀態之方式來發射具有一不同發射光譜之光。 在上述情況中，上述轉換器層16,必須是透明的，以便上述 轉換器層1 6，所發射之光能夠離開並且進入到上述觀視者 之眼睛。上述基材20,之適當材料例如可以是二氧化矽或二 氧化鈦。 因此，在上述先前實施例中，有機發光二極體已與轉換 器結合，在上述轉換器中，有機染料係包含於無機材料中。 上述有機層中所需之透光層可用以做爲上述轉換器染料之 矩陣。然而，値得注意的是，本發明不但適用於有機發光 二極體’同時可將上述轉換器層之實施例、沉稹以及其在 產品中之使用結合不同發光原理來使用，以製造一發光裝 置。因此，上述轉換器層亦可與一般發光二極體或半導體 雷射二極體結合。 在上述實施例中，上述有機分子經常係以均勻方式 (homogeneous way)包含於上述透明矩陣材料中，以便上述 有機材料在上述層之厚度方向具有一規則密度分佈。然 而，上述有機分子可能以不均勻方式包含於上述層厚度方 向上。在極端情況中，例如上述有機分子可以不均勻方式 只包含於某一深度中’因而導致上述轉換器層分解成兩個 或多個次層，亦即一個包含有上述有機分子之區域以及一 -21- 200425556 個沒有包含上述有機分子之區域，然而，取而代之，上述 沒有包含有機分子之區域可摻雜一不同摻雜材料，以增加 導電率，因此會導致上述轉換器層分解成爲一光轉換次層 與一電極次層（亦即陽極與陰極）。 除了上述有關於一^有機發光一極體（一*顯示器之部分）之 實施例之外，本發明亦可應用於照明目的。因此，可藉由 設計上述轉換器層以獲得一白光有機發光二極體，以便其 可傳送上述有機發光二極體之藍光的部分，例如以便白光 及具有所需色覺（color perception)之光與上述轉換器層中 之有機材料所轉換之光一起產生。 在上述特別是有關於第2圖之實施例中，已描述可藉由 經由一光罩局部地氣相沉積上述轉換器層，以將一有機發 光二極體彩色顯示器建構成爲具有不同原色之複數個圖素 區域。可選擇的是，亦可使用針對區域沉積之其它沉積技 術（例如，轉印（imprinting))。另外一方面，可先將上述轉 換器層沉積於上述整個區域，然後藉由例如微影200425556 (1) Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention generally relates to the specific implementation of light-emitting devices, especially organic light-emitting diodes (o LEDs). The present invention particularly relates to a converter layer for converting light of the emission spectrum of the light-emitting device into light of a different emission spectrum.先前 [Previous technology] An organic light emitting diode emits light through an organic layer formed of an organic material. When a voltage is applied across the organic layer, the organic layer emits light of a certain emission spectrum. Therefore, the organic light emitting diode generally includes an organic layer formed of an organic material having one of the above characteristics (for the above characteristics, the organic light emitting diode material indicated above will be used below), an organic layer facing each other through the organic layer, and An electrode structure for applying two voltages across the organic layer and a substrate, wherein the layers are sequentially placed on the substrate. In the above organic light emitting diode, the so-called substrate emitters are different from the top emitters. The above-mentioned substrate-emitter-type organic light-emitting diode emits light from the above-mentioned organic layer through the above-mentioned substrate, but the above-mentioned top-emitter is provided to emit the light emitted by its effective action away from the above-mentioned substrate. Furthermore, organic light emitting diodes can be distinguished according to the state of aggregation of the organic materials, wherein the organic materials are in a vapor state or a liquid state before the organic layer is deposited. • The emission spectrum and color of organic light-emitting diodes depend on the types of organic materials. The above voltage is applied to both sides of the above-mentioned 200425556 organic layer to generate an electric field, which will cause the atoms in the organic material to be excited, and finally cause electrons and holes to migrate in opposite directions to each other. When electrons and holes meet, a recombination occurs, in which different amounts of energy are released in the form of light depending on the state of the organic material. Because the choice of organic materials is limited, there will be the following organic light-emitting diodes, which, in addition to having the above-mentioned organic light-emitting layer, will also have a light conversion layer. In some areas, the filtering characteristics of the emission spectrum of the organic layer are filtered or have fluorescent or phosphorescent characteristics. According to the fluorescent or phosphorescent characteristics, the light emitted by the organic layer is absorbed in the light conversion layer and the After the excited state is transferred to other energy states, light is emitted again with a different emission spectrum. Organic light emitting diodes have become the basis of many promising new flat panel displays and flat screens. Compared with the concept of known flat display, organic light emitting diode-based displays have many advantages, such as a large angle field of view, the above-mentioned display emits itself without any backlight and has a very low power consumption to complete Show possibilities. In order to realize a color display, a plurality of picture elements (also referred to as pixels) of the display must be divided into a plurality of pixel regions, and the pixel regions emit a light of different colors. Basically, there are two ways to produce different colors and a color display, respectively. On the one hand, the above-mentioned plurality of pixels and pixels are arranged separately, so that each pixel can be divided into a plurality of subpixels with self-emission colors. That is, different light is generated in the light emitting regions of the individual sub-pixels. Therefore, the individual colors and primary colors (for example, red, green, and blue) of the display can be generated by a plurality of organic light-emitting diodes separated in individual spaces. The plurality of organic light-emitting diodes 200425556 The polar bodies have different emission colors on a plurality of pixel regions separated from each other in space, and then the above-mentioned different emission colors are mixed into an arbitrary desired color in the viewer's eyes. Another option is to implement the above-mentioned method by arranging the above-mentioned light emitting diode into a device, thereby stacking a plurality of layers for emitting individual colors on each other so that light of any color can be emitted from any pixel area. The second possibility to achieve different colors of the above display is not to provide a color display with organic light emitting diodes having different emission colors, but to use only organic light emitting diodes that emit the same color, but will An individual light conversion element is used to convert the emission color into one of the primary colors. With this arrangement, it is possible to solve the major problems caused when implementing color display based on organic light emitting diodes: the aging of the organic light emitting diodes during operation and the release of brightness against a given current density. Different colors will have different aging. This is the so-called differential aging. Therefore, if no post adjustment is implemented, the aging will gradually make the displayed color bad. . In this transformation, there are two different principles. On the one hand, when the organic light emitting diode of each pixel area generates the first white light, and then a filter layer is used to filter out the above-mentioned required display color or color from the white light in each pixel area by a filter layer. When primary colors are required, the above-mentioned different colors can be realized for a full-color display in the individual pixel regions. The above arrangement has the following disadvantages: it loses other unwanted colors during the data passing period, thus seriously reducing the efficiency of the above display. The above-mentioned second possible solution is more advantageous. The organic light-emitting diode and the organic layer in each pixel region respectively emit only one primary color, and then the above-mentioned emitted color is converted into a fluorescent or phosphorescent converter by 200425556. Another primary color. Provide different converters for different primary colors. Normally, when the above-mentioned light emitting diode emits blue light and green light, for example, red light is generated by the above conversion, this procedure can be realized. So far, the above conversion solutions have significant disadvantages. The existing materials obtained by the above households have either only a very limited color area or the existing materials are not stable enough. The first of the above applies to conversions using inorganic phosphorescent materials. Transitions using inner shells of metal atoms are usually used. However, the above-mentioned transfer covers only a relatively limited spectral region 'and can only be changed in a limited manner. Therefore, basically, because organic dyes allow infinite changes in the absorption and emission wavelengths based on the possibility in organic synthetic chemistry, the above organic dyes are more suitable as converters. However, because the above-mentioned organic dyes are often not stable enough, applying the conversion of the above-mentioned organic dyes to a light-emitting device causes a very large problem. Normally, when the above-mentioned organic dye is used as a converter, the above-mentioned organic dye is embedded in a polymer matrix. Normally, the lifetime of the converter dye is too short to achieve a sufficient lifetime for lighting or display applications. So far, light-emitting diodes based on blue light-emitting diodes with converters can only be achieved with inorganic converter materials. It is now desired to have a converter layer with a sufficient lifetime.发明 [Summary of the Invention] @ 此 ’The object of the present invention is to provide a light-emitting device and a method for manufacturing the above-mentioned light-emitting device so as to improve the life time on the one hand and facilitate the manufacturing of the light-emitting device on the other hand. -10-200425556 The above-mentioned object of the invention can be achieved by the light-emitting device as claimed in the scope of patent application and the method as described in the scope of patent application. The knowledge of the present invention is: by mixing an organic dye with an inorganic material, to obtain a converter layer with a longer lifetime for converting light of a first emission spectrum into light of a second emission spectrum The organic dye absorbs light of at least a certain wavelength in the first emission spectrum and emits light with a second emission spectrum in response to the absorption effect. Therefore, it is possible to maintain the advantage that the absorption and emission wavelengths of the organic synthetic chemistry described above are almost infinitely varied. The problem of insufficient stability of the above-mentioned organic dyes can be solved by mixing the above-mentioned organic dyes into the above-mentioned inorganic materials. In short, when the above-mentioned suitable inorganic material is selected, the converter layer can simultaneously play the role of a transparent anode or cathode. In this case, the structure of the light-emitting device can be simplified. In short, when selecting the above-mentioned suitable inorganic materials, the mixture of the present invention simplifies the above-mentioned converters, and can have cheap construction methods (such as the 'interlayer lithography silo carving method in the case of oxidized sand or titanium dioxide (via lithographic methods)). According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the mixture is composed of a solid solution of the organic converter material in the inorganic matrix material. In most applications, the mixing ratio of the organic dye to the inorganic material is that the volume occupied by the organic portion is less than 5%, but greater than 0.1%. According to a specific embodiment, the above-mentioned mixture is obtained by gas-depositing the organic dye and the inorganic material simultaneously on the overlapping vapor-deposition region. The above result results in a solid solution in which the above-mentioned organic dye is embedded in the above-mentioned inorganic material.实施 [Embodiment] First, FIG. 1 shows a structure of a 200425556 topemitter organic light emitting diode according to an embodiment of the present invention. The organic light emitting diode represented by the component symbol 10 in FIG. 1 includes a lower contact layer 12, an organic light emitting diode material layer 14 (that is, an organic material), and a converter layer 16 which is a conductive material. Wherein, the organic light-emitting diode material layer 14 has the characteristics of emitting light of a certain wavelength when a voltage across both sides is applied, and the converter layer 16 emits light to the layer 14 It is transparent. For example, the conductive material is appropriately doped silica or titanium dioxide, which is used as a matrix of an organic dye 18. The organic dye 18 is embedded in the converter. Among the inorganic materials of the layer 16, the above-mentioned layers 12 to 16 are sequentially deposited on a substrate 20. Here, the organic light emitting diode 10 is arranged as a topemitter, that is, a structure that emits light in a direction away from the substrate 20 and emits light in a direction away from the substrate 20 respectively. Of light emitting device. The above-mentioned lower contact layer (electrode layer) 12 is used as a cathode, but the above-mentioned converter layer 16 also functions as an anode in addition to its function as a light conversion layer. In another case, the lower contact layer 12 can be used as an anode, and the converter layer 16 can be used as a cathode. When a voltage is applied between the anode 16 and the cathode 12, the layer 14 emits light. In the case where the organic light emitting diode 10 is a pixel of an organic light emitting diode passive matrix display, the organic light emitting diode passive matrix display is formed by It consists of several organic light-emitting diodes arranged in a row (each organic light-emitting diode system is for each pixel). The above lower cathode layer 12 is, for example, a plurality of rows of conductive layers (rows) that are electrically isolated from each other. conductive layers), however, the above-mentioned converter layer 16 is constructed to form a plurality of rows of conductive traces isolated from each other-12 · 200425556 (column conductive traces), the direction of travel of the plurality of rows of conductive traces is perpendicular to the plurality of rows Column conductive layer. Although a full-area vapor deposition of a plurality of narrow stripes is shielded by a plurality of blocking edges between the plurality of rows of conductive traces during vapor deposition, the above-mentioned converter layer 16 may be The plurality of rows of conductive traces are constructed by the plurality of interruption edges and the plurality of separators, which are traveling in a row direction, respectively. When the organic light-emitting diode material is vapor-deposited for the organic light-emitting diode material layer 14, the plurality of separators may shield the organic light-emitting diode material during vapor deposition so as to make the organic light-emitting The diode material layer 14 is constructed in a path traveling in a row direction. By the above cathode layer! A voltage is applied between one of the conductive traces in a column 2 and one of the conductive traces in the above-mentioned converter layer 16 to individually activate the organic light-emitting diodes in the passive matrix organic light-emitting diode display (that is, Not dependent on other organic light emitting diodes). In another case, the above lower cathode layer 丨 2 may represent an integrated active matrix circuit formed on the above substrate 20, and in the case of an organic light emitting diode display, each pixel and each organic The light emitting diode is provided on the substrate 20 to provide the lower cathode layer 12 described above. If the above organic light emitting diode 10 is a part of an active matrix organic light emitting diode display, the converter layer 16 may be a continuous converter layer for all the organic light emitting diodes of the display. The anode and the anode are at the same predetermined potential. However, the active matrix circuit for each organic light emitting diode described above controls the individual organic light emitting diodes by setting the potential on the cathode side. According to the electric funnel across the organic light emitting diode material layer 14 described above, the organic material of the organic light emitting diode material layer 14 described above will emit light with more or less intensity. The above-mentioned actually effective light refers to light emitted from a direction away from the substrate 20 (meaning toward the converter layer 16). Therefore, it is not necessary that the substrate 20 is transparent to light. Once the voltage is applied across the organic light emitting diode material layer i 4, the organic light emitting diode material layer 14 emits light due to the recombination of a plurality of holes and electrons, and the emitted light includes a basis. The emission spectrum depends on the organic light emitting diode. In order to achieve that a different emission spectrum light and a different color light (emitted by the organic light-emitting diode material layer 14) can be generated in the eyes of the viewer, the converter layer 16 and the conversion are provided. In addition to playing the role of a transparent anode, the device layer 16 is also used to convert the light emitted by the organic light emitting diode material layer 14 into a light having a different spectrum. Strictly speaking, the organic dye 18 series integrated with the transparent anode and the fluorescent characteristics is used to absorb the light of the organic light emitting diode and re-emit the emitted light at a different wavelength. The above matrix materials should be transparent and can be used to increase the life time of the integrated dyes, among others. Due to the diversity of the above-mentioned organic synthetic chemistry, the possibility of change between the above-mentioned absorption energy band and emission energy band is so great that, for example, red light or green light can be easily generated from the blue light of the organic light emitting diode material layer 14 Light. In order to manufacture the above-mentioned organic light emitting diode 10, first, a substrate 20 having the above-mentioned lower contact layer 12 is provided. In the case where the organic light emitting diode 10 is a part of an organic light emitting diode display, the above method may include, for example, a case of a passive matrix organic light emitting diode display, a vapor deposition column of conductive traces included in the above. On the substrate 20, or in the case of an active matrix -14-200425556 organic light-emitting diode display, the above-mentioned method uses an active matrix circuit to control the organic light-emitting diode 10. Finally, the organic light-emitting diode material layer 14 is provided on the contact layer 12. In the case where the above-mentioned pole material is deposited by, for example, vapor deposition, the above-mentioned organic light-emitting diode material layer is composed of an organic material. In the case of a passive matrix organic light-emitting diode, the edges of the organic light-emitting diode material layer provided between the substrate 20 and one of the lower contact layers 12 are provided by shadowing. 14 In a one-line path where vapor deposition is performed. Furthermore, the above organic light emitting diode material is incorporated into a matrix material. The matrix material may be, for example, a poly inorganic material. Depending on the type of the matrix material, co-vapor deposition (which means that the organic light-emitting diode material and the material are vapor-deposited in a co-accumulation area at the same time) or by dissolving a The above-mentioned deposition is performed on a polymer and a solution-based dye deposited on the substrate 20 and the lower contact layer, respectively. The organic material 18 and an inorganic matrix material and a phase deposition material are vapor-deposited on a common gas region on the layer 14 to form the above conversion on the structures of the layers 12, 14 and 20 formed so far.器 层 丨 6. The common vapor deposition includes the entire area or a part of the area of the organic light emitting diode 10 and the organic light emitting diode, in which the relative movement between the above-mentioned layers 20, 12, and 14 to be evaporated by vapor deposition is described. The converter layer 16 is phase shifted in such a way that the entire area is to be deposited.丨 Including integrated one 丨 In the above-mentioned "Mechanical Illumination 2 1 4 series by pure body display" line pixel area to ensure that the upper and rear systems can be fitted into the lip 14 or a matrix material in the form of a common gas and gas phase. There are twelve practical examples. By using the above-mentioned vapor deposition area region to display the polar device and moving the gas across it, 15-200425556 Figure 2 shows the essential purpose to obtain the above organic dye (the following are It is called organic dopant at the time, and the potential vapor deposition of the common vapor deposition of the above-mentioned inorganic matrix material is possible. Brother 2 does not show the configuration of the above-mentioned layers and the above-mentioned substrate represented by the component symbol 40, and the converter layer to be formed as described above is to be deposited on the above-mentioned layer configuration and the above-mentioned substrate. In order to maintain consistency with the embodiment of Fig. 1, the above-mentioned sequence structure (1 a y er s e q u e n c e) 4 0 corresponds to the above-mentioned layers 20, 12 and 14. The vapor deposition apparatus of Fig. 2 is indicated by a reference numeral 42. The vapor deposition device is composed of a vapor deposition device 44 for depositing the organic material and an evaporation source 46 for vapor depositing the inorganic matrix material. The above-mentioned vapor deposition apparatus 44 is composed of a vapor deposition container 48 and an evaporation source 50 located in the vapor deposition container 48 to vaporize the organic material. The inner wall of the above-mentioned vapor deposition container 48 forms a substantially closed inner chamber 52. The lower side 54 of the vapor deposition container 48 facing the substrate 40 is formed as a screen or aperture, and includes one or more holes 56. The evaporated organic light emitting diode 50 is discharged through a hole 56 in the form of a vapor deposition lobe 58 to hit the substrate 40. In order to avoid the above-mentioned vapor-deposited organic light-emitting diode material from blocking the plurality of holes 5 6, a gap heating device is provided. The gap heating device includes a plurality of heating wires, which are located at the plurality of holes 5 4, for example. It is arranged along or along the plurality of holes 54, and the gap heating device is used to heat the circular protrusions 58 to a temperature that can effectively prevent the plurality of holes 56 from being blocked. When selecting the above temperature, it is better to make the temperature sufficiently low so as to form a single-layer organic light emitting diode material on the surface of the gap 54, but on the other hand, the above temperature needs to be sufficiently high to -16-200425556. Prevents additional layers of organic light emitting diode material from being formed again. This temperature setting is very advantageous because it is not expected that the above temperature is too high to avoid the formation of any single layer and the organic light emitting diode material of the additional absorption layer is formed only at a very low temperature. Ceramic may be used as the material of the above-mentioned circular protrusion 58. The temperature may be, for example, 200 ° C to 400ac. At the same time, the other inner walls of the vapor deposition container 48 may be heated. The heating temperature is preferably higher than the temperature used to heat the slits 54. The above-mentioned matrix material evaporation source 46 (for example, used to vaporize Silica and titaniuin as one of the inorganic matrix materials) transmits a stack of directed vapor deposition to the gas phase lobe) 60 on the above-mentioned substrate 40, wherein the vapor deposition device 44 and the evaporation source 46 are fixedly aligned with each other so as to overlap the above-mentioned vapor-deposited circular protrusions 5 8 and 60 to define on the above-mentioned substrate 40 Out of a common deposition area 62. By implementing a relative motion 64 between the vapor deposition device 42 and the substrate 40, the converter layer 16 of the organic dye embedded in the inorganic matrix material can be deposited on the entire area, or The substrate 40 is moved over to properly position the vapor deposition region, so that the converter layer 16 is intentionally deposited on some regions of the substrate 40. The vapor deposition device 44, the evaporation source 50, and the evaporation source 46 are preferably formed in an elongated shape so as to be able to correspond to or exceed an organic light emitting diode display in an extension direction (for example, the above-mentioned row extension direction). There is a sufficient one-dimensional relative movement between the substrate 40 and the aforementioned vapor deposition device 42. Another advantage of the slender shape design is that the common dye loss can be avoided (the common dye loss occurs, for example, when the organic material is vapor-deposited by a point source), and by the vapor deposition The apparatus 44 exposes only one strip-shaped area of the substrate 40 for heating. -17- 200425556 In the above-mentioned common gas phase, another dopant can be vapor-deposited at the same time, and the other dopant is used to increase the conductive properties of the above-mentioned inorganic matrix material. The previous description above is only about the formation of an organic light emitting diode (the pixel portion of an organic light emitting diode display). However, for a special color organic light emitting diode display, the same organic light emitting diode material is used in all organic light emitting diodes and all pixels (that is, all organic light emitting diodes emit the same light). In the case of spectral light), it is necessary to additionally use different organic dyes in the converter 16 for the different pixels and pixel regions. Fig. 3 shows a portion of an organic light emitting diode display 'having adjacent organic light emitting diodes 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, and 10e' as an example. The organic light emitting diode 10a-10e is formed by the same method as shown in FIG. 1 and is formed in a common layer configuration. The common layer configuration includes the substrate 20 and the lower contact layer 12. The organic light-emitting diode material layer 14 and the converter layer 16. The above-mentioned converter layer 16 and the above-mentioned lower contact layer 12 are used as the anode / cathode structure, and are constructed in an appropriate manner so that a single organic light-emitting diode The voltage of the layer 14 in the prime region individually controls the organic light emitting diode 10a0e. The anode / cathode structure corresponds to the active or passive matrix principle described above. The above organic light emitting diodes 10a to 10e are different from each other only based on the fact that different inorganic matrix materials and different organic dyes are respectively embedded in the inorganic matrix materials of the converter layer 16 located in the individual pixel regions. Here, the organic light emitting diode material layer 14 emits blue light, for example. Then, for example, the organic dye of the organic light emitting diode 10a absorbs the light and emits red light, but the organic dye 200425556 of the organic light emitting diode 10b absorbs blue light and emits green light. . The other organic light emitting diodes 10c, 10d, and 10e described above can be changed in the same manner. An organic light emitting diode having no organic dye in the matrix material of the converter layer 16 can also be provided so that the blue light of the organic light emitting diode can simply pass through the controller layer 1 β. In the above manner, By providing different organic dyes and inorganic dyes to the converter layer 16 in the plurality of pixel regions, three primary colors (for example, red, green, and Blue), in which the individually controllable organic light emitting diode matrix is arranged in a row and column matrix, which emits light of the same emission spectrum for each pixel region. One possibility of the color change of the plurality of pixel regions is shown in the schematic top view of FIG. 4. Like the basic individually controllable organic light emitting diodes described above, the plurality of pixel regions are arranged in rows and columns, and are represented by a matrix block in FIG. 4. Because the letter R stands for red, G stands for green, and B stands for blue ', the converter layers 16 in the pixel area of a column have the same organic dye and no dye. Therefore, three adjacent organic light-emitting diodes in the row direction can be integrated into a sub-pixel (as circled in the figure), where the proper control of the plurality of organic light-emitting diodes in the above-mentioned sub-pixels is appropriate. 'Intensity' can achieve a desired color impression in the eyes of the viewer above. When one of the vapor deposition apparatus shown in FIG. 2 is in the column direction 70 in a column-wise alignment relative to When the substrate is moved across the substrate or the substrate is moved relative to the vapor deposition device, the color distribution and structure of the converter layer 16 as shown in FIG. 4 can be obtained according to the vapor deposition device. To be done. The above-mentioned vapor deposition device 42 extends in a manner spanning the entire row range described in the above -19-200425556, and separates the plurality of holes 56 from each other so that the plurality of holes 56 are aligned with each third column. In the above manner, for example, in a first pass operation, each third column having an organic dye may be formed, wherein the organic dye is used to convert blue light into red light. In the above relative movement, the alignment of the vapor deposition device and the substrate in FIG. 2 can be maintained, so that the length alignment line of the vapor deposition device is moved in a manner parallel to the row direction, and each hole and each The third column is aligned, the distance to the substrate is relatively small, and the vapor deposition device is parallel to the main surface of the substrate to be evaporated. In a second process, the converter layers are applied to the pixel regions of other columns in a corresponding manner. The above-mentioned different converter layers can also be formed simultaneously by making a vapor deposition device with a single relative movement. The vapor deposition device includes three vapor deposition devices 44. The three vapor deposition devices 44 are The matrix material of the evaporation device 46 is vapor-deposited with different organic materials while the matrix material is doped, and the plurality of holes of the three vapor deposition devices 44 are arranged in a row apart from each other. The above embodiment relates to a top-emitter structure in which the organic light-emitting diode layer is placed between the converter layer and the substrate. Figure 5 shows an example of a substrate emitter. FIG. 5 shows an organic light emitting diode 10, which includes a converter layer 16, a transparent cathode layer 12 ', an organic light emitting diode layer 14, and an anode layer 60. The above layers are sequentially formed on On a transparent substrate 20 '. As in the embodiment of FIG. 1, the cathode and anode layers are formed so that a voltage across the region of the organic light emitting diode layer 14 can be applied individually. The organic light emitting diode layer 14 is the organic light emitting device. Part of the diode 10 '. In the case of the organic light emitting diode 10 described above, which is part of an organic light emitting diode -20-200425556, the application of voltage may occur in the form of an active matrix device or a passive matrix device. Once a voltage is applied, the organic light emitting diode material in the above organic light emitting diode layer 14 will emit light having a certain emission spectrum. The light will penetrate the transparent or translucent cathode layer 12, and will be absorbed by the organic material 18 'embedded in the converter layer 16, and then the organic material will be transferred from an excited state to a comparative Low energy states to emit light with a different emission spectrum. In the above case, the converter layer 16 must be transparent so that the light emitted by the converter layer 16 can leave and enter the eyes of the viewer. A suitable material for the substrate 20 may be, for example, silicon dioxide or titanium dioxide. Therefore, in the above-mentioned previous embodiment, the organic light emitting diode has been combined with the converter, in which the organic dye is included in the inorganic material. The light-transmitting layer required in the organic layer can be used as a matrix of the converter dye. However, it should be noted that the present invention is not only applicable to organic light-emitting diodes. At the same time, the embodiment of the above-mentioned converter layer, Shen Yang, and its use in products can be used in combination with different light-emitting principles to make a light-emitting Device. Therefore, the converter layer can also be combined with a general light emitting diode or a semiconductor laser diode. In the above embodiment, the organic molecules are often contained in the transparent matrix material in a homogeneous manner, so that the organic material has a regular density distribution in the thickness direction of the layer. However, the above-mentioned organic molecules may be contained in the above-mentioned layer thickness direction in a non-uniform manner. In extreme cases, for example, the above-mentioned organic molecules may be contained only in a certain depth in a non-uniform manner, thus causing the converter layer to be broken down into two or more sub-layers, that is, a region containing the above-mentioned organic molecules and a − 21- 200425556 regions that do not contain the above-mentioned organic molecules, however, instead, the above regions that do not contain the organic molecules may be doped with a different doping material to increase the conductivity, so the converter layer will be decomposed into a light conversion time Layer and an electrode sublayer (ie, anode and cathode). In addition to the above-mentioned embodiments regarding an organic light-emitting polar body (a part of a display), the present invention can also be applied to lighting purposes. Therefore, the converter layer can be designed to obtain a white organic light-emitting diode, so that it can transmit the blue light portion of the organic light-emitting diode, such as white light and light having a desired color perception. It is generated together with the light converted by the organic material in the converter layer. In the above-mentioned embodiment, particularly with reference to FIG. 2, it has been described that an organic light emitting diode color display can be constructed into a plurality of different primary colors by locally vapor-depositing the converter layer through a photomask. Pixel regions. Alternatively, other deposition techniques for area deposition (e.g., imprinting) may be used. On the other hand, the converter layer may be deposited on the entire area, and then, for example, by lithography
S (photolithography)技術建構，以產生具有轉換器層之區域 以及不具有轉換器層之區域。因而，亦可以第2圖以外之 不同方式來產生第3圖所示之一彩色顯示器之現實變化， 其中在上述彩色顯示器中，可藉由一建構於具有不同染料 之次圖素中之轉換器層來實現個別顏色。 可進一步使用依據上述實施例所建構以及依一圖素著 色（pixel raster)而分佈於一基材上之有機發光二極體，以一 簡單方式來建構一有機發光二極體顯示器。首先’如最初 所述，因爲所有有機發光二極體具有一用以從上述發光區 域之藍光產生綠光之第一轉換器次層以及一用以從上述綠 -22- 200425556 光產生紅光之第二轉換器次層，所以基於上述轉換器矩 陣，所有有機發光二極體發射出紅光。然後，在用以發射 出綠光之圖素區域中，使用雷射光或其它適當光來照射上 述轉換器層，以便去除（lifted out)上述轉換器層或使上述 有機染料失去其在上述區域中之轉換特性及破壞上述有機 染料、以便使上述轉換器層無法將綠光轉換成爲紅光（稱之 爲漂白（bleaching)作用）。如同處理有機發光二極體一樣， 可以相同方式來處理上述綠色轉換器層，以便可獲得上述 顯示器之彼此相鄰之藍色、綠色及紅色有機發光二極體。 可藉由上述轉換器材料將使用於區域照射中之光波長設定 成爲一適當吸收帶，然後漂白上述光，或者將上述光波長 設定成爲一上述矩陣材料之吸收帶，藉以漂白上述整合嵌 入式轉換染料。 當將包含有上述有機分子之無機轉換器層放置於上述 有機發光二極體下方時（如第5圖所示），可在以二維方式 放置上述無機發光二極體之前建構上述轉換器層，其提供 有關於上述發光二極體之發光區域結構的可能感受性 (possible susceptibilities)之優點。 一般而言，上述實施例亦顯示出一以有機發光二極體爲 基礎之顯示器，在上述有機發光二極體中，上述複數個圖 元之不同顏色係藉由一轉換器層所產生，以及上述有機分 子係包含於一無機矩陣中。如第1圖所示，可結合電性輸 送層及轉換器層。上述轉換器層（透明接觸層）可在上述有 機發光二極體形成之後沉積（如第1圖所示），或者在上述 有機發光二極體形成之前沉積（如第5圖所示）。可在例如 藉由微影技術來實施沉積之後，建構上述無機-有機轉換器 -23- 200425556 層，以產生具有不同顏色之圖元。在第5圖之實施例中， 可將上述有機發光二極體沉積於上述已建構完成之轉換器 層上，以便能具有不同顏色。當設計上述轉換器層，以便 使其傳送由上述有機發光二極體所發射之光的部分時，可 以一適當設計從上述經轉換之光及經傳送之光產生具有所 需顏色觀感之光（例如白光）。再者，亦可將數個有機染料 引入上述轉換器層之無機矩陣中。因此，上述無機有機轉 換器層可與複數個濾光層結合，以產生一所需顏色觀感。 有關於第1圖、第3圖及第5圖，値得注意的是，可個 別交換陽極及陰極，然而必須保持上述個別層片之傳送特 性。 ㈤【圖式簡單說明】 以下將討論有關於所附圖示之本發明的較佳實施例。在 上述圖示中： 第1圖係依據本發明之一實施例的一具有轉換器層之有 機發光二極體的剖面圖； 第2圖係依據本發明之一實施例的一用以形成一轉換器 層之可能氣相沈積裝置及方法的示意圖； 第3圖係依據本發明之一實施例的整合於一有機發光二 極體顯示器中之數個有機發光二極體的剖面圖； 第4圖係依據本發明之一實施例之用以描述針對不同原 色之次圖素可能整合於一有機發光二極體顯示器之超極圖 素（superpixels)的示意圖；以及 第5圖係依據本發明之另一實施例的一有機發光二極體 之剖面圖。 -24- 200425556 【元件代表符號簡單說明】 10、10，、10A、10B、10C、10D、10E …有機發光二極體 1 2…下接觸層 14、14’…有機發光二極體材料層 16、16’…轉換器層 1 8、1 8’…有機染料 20、20’、40·.·基材 12’···透明陰極層 42…氣相沉積裝置 44···氣相沉積設備 4 6、5 0…蒸發源 48…氣相沉積容器 52…內室 54…下側S (photolithography) technology is constructed to generate areas with converter layers and areas without converter layers. Therefore, it is also possible to produce a realistic change of one of the color displays shown in FIG. 3 in a different way than that in FIG. 2. In the above color display, a converter constructed in a sub-pixel with different dyes can be used. Layer to achieve individual colors. An organic light-emitting diode display constructed in accordance with the above embodiment and distributed on a substrate according to a pixel raster can be further used to construct an organic light-emitting diode display in a simple manner. First of all, as stated above, because all organic light emitting diodes have a first converter sublayer for generating green light from the blue light in the above-mentioned light emitting area and a first layer for generating red light from the above green-22-200425556 light. The second converter sublayer, so based on the above converter matrix, all organic light emitting diodes emit red light. Then, in the pixel area for emitting green light, the converter layer is irradiated with laser light or other appropriate light so as to lift out the converter layer or make the organic dye lose its presence in the area. The conversion characteristics and the above-mentioned organic dye are destroyed so that the converter layer cannot convert green light into red light (called a bleaching effect). The green converter layer can be processed in the same manner as the organic light emitting diode, so that blue, green and red organic light emitting diodes adjacent to each other of the display can be obtained. The wavelength of the light used in the area irradiation can be set to an appropriate absorption band by the converter material, and then the light can be bleached, or the wavelength of the light can be set to the absorption band of the matrix material to bleach the integrated embedded conversion. dye. When the inorganic converter layer containing the organic molecules is placed under the organic light emitting diode (as shown in FIG. 5), the converter layer can be constructed before the inorganic light emitting diode is placed in a two-dimensional manner. It provides advantages related to the possible susceptibilities of the light emitting region structure of the light emitting diode. Generally speaking, the above embodiment also shows a display based on an organic light emitting diode. In the organic light emitting diode, the different colors of the plurality of picture elements are generated by a converter layer, and The above organic molecules are contained in an inorganic matrix. As shown in Figure 1, an electrical transmission layer and a converter layer can be combined. The converter layer (transparent contact layer) may be deposited after the organic light emitting diode is formed (as shown in FIG. 1), or may be deposited before the organic light emitting diode is formed (as shown in FIG. 5). The above-mentioned inorganic-organic converter -23-200425556 layer can be constructed, for example, by performing deposition by lithography technology, to generate elements with different colors. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, the organic light emitting diodes can be deposited on the completed converter layer so as to have different colors. When the converter layer is designed so that it transmits a portion of the light emitted by the organic light-emitting diode, an appropriate design can be made from the converted light and the transmitted light to produce light having a desired color appearance ( (E.g. white light). Furthermore, several organic dyes may be incorporated into the inorganic matrix of the converter layer. Therefore, the above-mentioned inorganic-organic converter layer can be combined with a plurality of filter layers to produce a desired color look and feel. Regarding Figures 1, 3, and 5, it is important to note that the anode and cathode can be exchanged individually, but the transfer characteristics of the individual layers described above must be maintained. ㈤ [Brief Description of the Drawings] Preferred embodiments of the present invention related to the accompanying drawings will be discussed below. In the above diagram: FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an organic light emitting diode with a converter layer according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a diagram for forming an organic light emitting diode according to an embodiment of the present invention. Schematic diagram of a possible vapor deposition device and method for a converter layer; FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of several organic light emitting diodes integrated into an organic light emitting diode display according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram for describing superpixels that may be integrated into an organic light-emitting diode display for sub-pixels of different primary colors according to an embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 5 is a diagram according to the present invention. A cross-sectional view of an organic light emitting diode according to another embodiment. -24- 200425556 [A brief description of the element representative symbols] 10, 10, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E… Organic light emitting diodes 1 2… Lower contact layers 14, 14 ′ ... Organic light emitting diode material layer 16 , 16 '... converter layer 1 8, 18' ... organic dye 20, 20 ', 40 ... substrate 12' ... transparent cathode layer 42 ... vapor deposition device 44 ... vapor deposition equipment 4 6, 5 0 ... evaporation source 48 ... vapor deposition container 52 ... inner chamber 54 ... lower side
56···孑L 58、60···氣相沉積圓形突出部 62…共同沉積區域 6 4…相對運動 70…歹ij方向 -25-56 ·· 孑 L 58, 60 ·· Vapor deposition circular protrusions 62 ... Co-deposition area 6 4 ... Relative motion 70 ... 歹 ij direction -25-