TW200408865A - Electro-optical light modulation element, display and medium - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an electro-optical light modulation element and to electro-optical displays and display systems containing such elements, such as, for example, television screens and computer monitors. The light modulation elements according to the invention contain a mesogenic modulation medium which is in an optically isotropic phase, preferably in the blue phase, on operation of the light modulation elements and are distinguished, in particular, by relatively low driving voltages in addition to good contrast, low viewing-angle dependence and very short response times. The electro-optical light modulation elements according to the invention have an electrode structure which is designed in such a way that the electrically conductive layers adjacent to one another in the plane of the modulation layer have a separation of 20 μ m or less from one another and/or the conductive layer or, if a plurality of electrically conductive layers is present, one or more of these layers of the electrode structure is or are raised and/or the electrode structure in each case comprises two or more superjacent layers, are connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner and at the same time are separated from one another over significant parts of their surface by a dielectric layer, and/or the electrically conductive layer or, if a plurality of electrically conductive layers is present, one or more of the conductive layers of the electrode structure is or are separated from the respective underlying substrate by a solid dielectric layer. The mesogenic modulation media used in the electro-optical light modulation elements are likewise a subject-matter of the present invention.

Description

200408865 (1) Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a light modulation element and a display including the light modulation element. The light modulating element preferably uses a modulation medium having anisotropy at a specific temperature = ', for example, night crystal. The light modulating element is operated at a temperature at which the modulating medium is in an optically isotropic phase. Among them, it is better to operate in a blue phase or an isotropic phase, and particularly preferable in a blue phase. In German patent M 172 73.0, it is described that the modulation medium is an isotropic contemplation indicator. The present invention relates to a photoelectric light modulation element and a photoelectric display, and a display system including these elements, such as, for example, a television screen or a computer monitor. The light modulation element according to the present invention includes a mesogenic modulation medium which is in a state of an optically isotropic phase during operation of the light modulation element. In addition to good contrast and low contrast viewing angle dependence, its very short response time is particularly significant. The invention further relates to a medium and the use of this medium as a modulation medium in this type of light modulation element. [Prior Art] In general terms, a conventional photoelectric liquid crystal display is known. These buccal states are operated at temperatures where the metamorphic media is in the mesophase, while most display types are in the nematic phase. In the mesophase, the modulation medium already has anisotropic properties, such as, for example, birefringence (Δη). This is only induced when an electric field is applied. The most common are "Twisted Nematic (TN)" and "Super Twisted Nematic (STN)" displays. The liquid crystal unit 87586 200408865 in these displays has electrodes on a substrate on two opposite sides of the liquid crystal medium. Therefore, the electric field is substantially perpendicular to the liquid crystal layer. The first display is used in particular to combine thin film transistors (TFTs) to handle displays with a large amount of information content and high resolution, such as laptops or laptops. Recently, especially in desktop computer monitors, more and more flat switch (Ips, for example, German patent DE 40 00 451 and European patent EP 0588 568) type, or vertical nematic (VAN) ) Type liquid crystal display. A modified version of the VAN display's electronically controlled birefringence (ECB) display. In the latest revision of the Multi-Area Vertical Arrangement (MVA) filter, multiple areas are stabilized for each specified electrode, and a special optical compensation layer is used. These displays, such as the TN display already mentioned, use an electric field perpendicular to the liquid crystal layer. In contrast, IPS displays usually use electrodes on only one substrate, that is, electrodes on one side of the liquid crystal layer, that is, they are characterized by an effective electric field parallel to the liquid crystal layer. A common feature of all these traditional displays is the relatively slow switching, which is especially inadequate for more general television (τν) and multimedia applications. = This is particularly significant compared to almost existing cathode ray tubes. A further disadvantage of the known optoelectronic effects used in liquid crystal displays is that the contrast achieved is significantly viewing angle dependent. In most cases, the ㈣ dependence is so large that the display is operated in direct viewing. In the case of a complex structure, a compensation layer must be used. The compensation layer is usually an anisotropic film. German patent DE 1 () 217273.〇 describes a light modulation element in which a mesogenic modulation medium is in an isotropic phase at an operating temperature. These 87586 200408865 switches of these light modulating elements are particularly fast. , And has a good contrast angle depending on m, for more than 4 applications, the dynamic voltage is too high. In German patent DE 10217273.0, ^ < you 7C parts should have a high driving voltage. From a technical point of view, these items are usually not worthwhile, and are too high for many applications. *, ^ ^ ^ ^ In the second case, the corresponding operation is ## and the driving voltage may be reduced. You can use this method to reduce the driving voltage, which requires wood and soil, but it requires 51 new materials and relatively high time. Therefore, it is limited to reduce the amount of private pressure. In addition, in evening applications, the use of highly polar chemical compounds can lead to problems with guilt and light modulation components. The object of the invention is to develop a particularly fast switching light modulation element which has a good viewing angle dependence, especially a low driving voltage. These light modulation elements should have modulation media with the lowest possible layer thickness to be suitable for use as elements of flat panel displays (FPDs), such as, for example, flat screens for computers. In addition, they should be addressable with the simplest electrode configuration and have a low operating voltage. In addition, when used in optoelectronic displays, they should have good contrast with low viewing angle dependence. k 疋 The requirements for improved light modulation elements, especially light modulation elements with reduced driving voltage. [Summary of the Invention] As described below ', it was surprisingly found that the light modulating element described in German Patent DE 10217273.0 can be significantly improved, and in particular a light modulating element having a significantly reduced characteristic voltage can be obtained. The optoelectronic light modulation element according to the present invention includes: 87586 200408865-a substrate or a plurality of substrates,-an electrode configuration, one or more elements for light polarization, and-a modulation medium, and It is characterized in that:-in the unaddressed state, the light modulation element is operated at a temperature at which the modulation medium is in an optically isotropic phase, and-the electrode configuration can generate an electric field, which has an apparent parallel to the intermediate chirped medium Component of the surface, and-designing the electrode configuration in such a way as to satisfy at least one of the following four conditions:-the conductive layer is adjacent to another conductive layer in the plate of the modulation layer, and has 20 μm) or less It is better to separate 15 micrometers or less from each other, and 10 micrometers is particularly preferred.-If a conductive layer or a plurality of conductive layers are present, one or more of these electrode structure layers are protruding,-in each In one case, the electrode structure includes two or more layers overlying each other, which are connected to each other in a conductive manner, while at the same time 'the surfaces of each other are separated by a considerable distance from the dielectric layer, if- A conductive layer in a plurality of words, one or more of the electrode structure is a conductive layer of solid dielectric layers, from each of the following substrate to carve away. In addition to the low driving voltage, these displays are particularly excellent in contrast and viewing angle dependence, and have very short response times. 87586 -10- 200408865 The invention is explained in more detail below. [Embodiment] The modulation medium used in the light week history element is preferably a mesogenic medium. In this patent application, the term mesogenic media or chemical compound is used for media or compounds that have a mesophase, which is 'soluble' in the mesophase or may cause the mesophase. The mesophase is a SmeCtlC or nematic phase. The two can also be chiral or supervised. The opposite phase is the nematic phase or the blue phase. It is particularly good in blue. The media used to study the mesogenic nature of the media does not have a mesophase, which is preferably a nematic phase blend ZLI-4792 from Merck KGaA of Darmstadt, Germany. In this mixing, from 10% solution to the extension, the intermediate media should preferably have a clearing point of 100 degrees Celsius or higher (P nt), which is known to 1 degree -50 degrees or better, At -20 ° C or better. It may be issued that the light modulation element according to the present invention preferably includes an intermediate type medium which is in an optically isotropic phase at the operating temperature, and where blue is compared to X in the patent application 'unless stated, " The isotropic phase refers to the monitor phase, isotropic phase, or another optical isotropic phase. Among them, the blue phase is preferred, and the blue phase refers to one of the known blue phases. Therefore, in 1984, "Smectic liquid crystal, organization and structure" by Gray and Godby and published by Leonhard Hill of Canada and the United States described three kinds of Blue phase: The blue phase zsm, these phases can be observed without a field. When an electric field is applied, 87586 -11-200408865 generates or causes a further blue phase. The mesophase is a smectic phase, a nematic phase or a blue phase. The stratified phase and the nematic phase here are preferably aligned. In this patent application, unless specifically stated otherwise, the terms "comparative nematic phase" and "cholesterol phase" are used synonymously. The term "blue phase" means any known blue phase, and unless specifically stated otherwise, it includes a plurality of these phases simultaneously. H.S. Kitzerow published in 1991 Mol.Cryst.Liq.Cryst · Journal 202, pages 51-83 "Effects of Electric Fields on Blue Phases" Paper 'describes the effects of electric fields on liquid crystals in the blue phase form. It is also mentioned that these three types of blue phases (BP I to BP III) can be observed in liquid crystals without field effect. However, there is no description of photoelectric display using field birefringence. Under the influence of the electric field, further blue phase 'or other phases different from blue phase I, ^ and ⑴ may appear. In the application of electric fields, phases caused by electric fields may appear, for example, BPH and βρχ. In the case of high electric field strength, it is more likely to change from one phase to a phase that appears in the absence of an electric field at low temperatures. The determination of the phase of material characteristics, especially the altered media itself, is always related to the case where no electric field is applied. However, unless otherwise specified, the determination of the phase of optical modulation element characteristics is to apply the corresponding voltage. It is usually implemented under operating voltage or critical voltage. The modulation medium preferably has a blue phase, especially the blue phase and further intermediate phases, especially the cholesterol phase. The tuning medium is preferably located under the substrate or between the two substrates. The modulation medium is usually located between the two substrates. This specific embodiment is preferably 87586-12-200408865. If the modulation medium is located between rain substrates, at least one of these substrates is light transparent. For example, light-transparent substrates include glass, quartz, or plastic. If a light-tight substrate is used, it may especially include metal or semiconductor materials. These media can be used as such or placed on a stand, for example, ceramic. If the modulation medium is a polymer medium, the use of the second substrate may be omitted if necessary. Polymer modulation media can even be made stand-alone. In this case, no substrate is even needed. According to the modulation medium of the present invention, the optically isotropic phase at the operating temperature or at least one of the operating temperatures of the optical modulation element is an optically isotropic phase, or preferably an optically isotropic intermediate phase, for example, for example In other words, the blue phase (ie, emerald: hue I, blue phase Π or emerald: hue I π). A specific embodiment in which the modulation medium is a blue phase at least one of the operating temperatures of the light modulation element is preferred. The operating temperature of the optical modulation medium is preferably above the characteristic temperature of the modulation medium, usually above the transition temperature of the modulation medium into the blue phase, and generally above this temperature from 01 to 50 degrees. Among them, it is better to range from 0.1 degrees to 10 degrees at this temperature x, and it is better to range from 0.1 degrees to 5 degrees above this temperature. The operating temperature is preferably in the range pQUt from the transition temperature of the modulation medium to the blue phase circle to the transition temperature of the isotropic phase to the isotropic phase. The transition temperature of the isotropic phase is the clearing point. As described in DE1G1 17 273.G, light modulation moon migration can be operated at a temperature where the media is isotropic. The temperature dependence of the operating voltage has been increased, and this is usually not good. Ben Maoming "The operating temperature range of light-m components should preferably exceed at least 87586 -13-200408865 20 degrees or more, of which 30 degrees or more is better, 40 degrees or more is better, 60 degrees or more Very good, and 80 degrees or more is the best. The operating temperature range of the light modulating element according to the present invention should be at least 10 degrees or below, to 50 degrees or above, of which at least 0 degrees or below, to 60 ° C or above is preferred, at least -20 ° C or below, more preferably to 80 ° C or above, at least -30 ° C or below, to 100 ° C or above is particularly preferred, and at least _40 ° C Degrees or below, preferably 120 degrees or above. In a preferred embodiment, the operating temperature range of the light modulation element according to the present invention is at least 50 degrees Celsius or more above the characteristic temperature relative to the characteristic temperature of the modulation medium, and at least below the characteristic temperature. -5 degrees Celsius or less, preferably 60 degrees Celsius or more above the characteristic temperature, and at least -10 degrees Celsius or less below the characteristic temperature, or 80 degrees Celsius or more above the characteristic temperature. When voltage is applied, the intermediate-type medium in the optically isotropic phase causes calibration that causes optical delay, which can be manifested in a known manner. Among them, it is better to use an uneven electric field. The optical modulation element according to the present invention includes At least one element for polarizing light. In addition, it preferably includes a further optical element. This further optical element is a second element for polarizing light, a mirror or a reflector. Arrange the optical element in this way When the light passes through the intermediate medium of the light modulation element, before entering the intermediate medium and after leaving the intermediate medium, it passes through at least one polarizing element One less time. -14- 87586 200408865 In a preferred embodiment of the light modulation element according to the present invention, the intermediate-type media is located between two polarizing plates, that is, a polarizing plate and an analytical state. Among them It is better to use two linear polarizers. In this specific embodiment, the absorption axes of the polarizers are preferably intersected, and it is preferred to form an angle of 90 degrees. The light modulation element according to the present invention, optionally includes One or more birefringent layers. It preferably contains one λ / 4 layer or a plurality of individuals / 4 layers, and one of them is preferably a λ / 4 layer. The optical delay of the / 4 layer is about 14 nm () Is preferred. The layer thickness 中间 of the intermediate modulation medium is preferably from 0.1 micrometer (// m) to 5000 micrometers (that is, 5 centimeters, among which from 0.5 micrometers to 100 micrometers (also That is, 1 cm) is preferred, and 10 micrometers to 100 micrometers is particularly preferred, and 30 micrometers to 30¼ meters is most preferred, especially from 3.5 micrometers to micrometers. In a preferred embodiment, the layer thickness of the intermediate modulation medium is preferably from 0.5 micrometers to m) soil 50 仏 m. Among them, ι · μm to 20 micrometers is preferred, and% is from micrometers to 8 · 0 micron is best. The invention also relates to a photovoltaic display ' comprising one or more light modulating elements according to the invention. These optoelectronic displays are preferably addressed in an active matrix manner. This issue is further related to a light display system comprising one or more "photoelectric displays according to the present invention. These optoelectronic display systems are best used as Besson, especially TV screens or computer monitors. The information to be displayed is preferably a digital or video signal. According to the present invention, the optical chirped element may additionally include one or more traditional 87586-15-200408865 optical elements, such as a birefringent layer (for example, a compensation layer), a diffusion layer, and increased brightness and / or light yield And / or viewing angle-dependent components, and the list is not intended to be limiting. The light modulating element according to the present invention is characterized by good contrast, and highly and obviously depends on the nature of the polarizing plate used. Compared with the conventional Ding element, the TN cell used here has an optical retardation of 0.5 μm (# m), a positive contrast, and a preferred arrangement of polarizing plate absorption with nematic liquid crystals on vertically adjacent substrates. Axis, and contains non-aligned liquid crystals. The comparison of < photoconversion elements according to the present invention depends in particular on the shape, type and structure of the electrodes used. If some polarizing plates are used in the light modulating element according to the present invention and the conventional tn unit, the comparison of the light modulating element according to the present invention is usually 20% or more than that of the TN unit, and in some cases In contrast, especially at viewing angles that deviate significantly from the vertical angle of the display surface, the contrast of the TN unit is 40% or more. The contrast viewing angle dependence of the light modulating element according to the present invention is very good. It is significantly better than the known ECB units. Its viewing angle dependency is more comparable to commercially available IPS displays (for example, Hitachi in Japan and MVA display TF devices (for example, Fujitsu in Japan). It has a lower viewing angle dependency than commercially available TN displays Many. Therefore, according to the present invention, the optical P Zhouman element 'isocontrast curve of the known contrast, and the equivalent curve of the equivalent contrast of the TN presentation pair, generally contains more than twice the size' Usually more than three times the angular range. The response time of the light modulating element according to the present invention is very short. They are usually a value of 1 millisecond (ms) or less, with 0.5ms or less being less than 87586. -16- 200408865, best with 0.1 milliseconds or less. The best is the switch between different gray chromaticities. The response time between turning off and turning off is almost independent of the driving voltage used. This:

The obvious advantages of traditional light modulation are traditional J units, for example, TN units. ... Niu Ru LCD single a ::: Performance of processing gray chroma switches 'according to the light modulation device of the present invention: In one case,' all switch with different driving voltages. The end point selected here is the characteristic voltage of the photoelectric characteristic line. For example, ^, V2 ° 'V3 °' ..... to V9 ° ', then from the known characteristic voltage to other electricity, and return, for example. Say, from V10 to each voltage, 乂 ⑽, to v2. . Then ‘select another—the characteristic voltage, and the component goes from there—to each higher voltage and back, for example, from V-per-calendar% 〇’ V8〇 ’Kg, to Vs. 'So until switching from the element's initial voltage to v90 and back. In conclusion, in the light modulating element of the present invention, from the time when the new voltage is turned on until it reaches 90% of the individual maximum transmission variation, it is the same as all these switching operations for the first approximation. The optoelectronic display &apos; according to the invention comprises one or more light-reducing elements according to the invention. In a preferred embodiment, these are addressed by an active matrix. In another embodiment, the light modulation element according to the present invention is addressed in a so-called "field sequential mode". Here, different colors of light are continuously irradiated through the address of the device to generate pulsed colored light. For example, a color wheel, a stroboscope light, or a flash can be used. 87586 -17- 200408865 The optoelectronic display according to the present invention 'especially when it is used as a TV screen, «monitor or the like can be used for color image display: color filter ... color filter It is composed of different color mosaic filter elements. Usually, each of the electro-optical switching elements is given a color filter mosaic element. No, the light modulating element according to the present invention includes an electrode structure which generates an electric field, which has a component parallel to the middle-type media layer. This electrode structure can be designed in the form of a comb-shaped (inteI> digital) electrode. Can also be designed as a comb: or ladder. It is also good to have examples of cascade ΓΗ "and double" τ "4 Γι". The electrode structure is preferably only on one side of the intermediate type medium 'between it and the intermediate type medium, and at least one substrate is used. The electrode structure should be located between at least two different planes, and both planes are located on the median side of the intersecting medium <-side; especially for 4 h when the electrode structure contains adjacent substructures, these substructures are best separated by a dielectric layer. Separated from each other. If the / in,, and β structures are on the opposite side of the insulation layer, you can choose a design that allows the capacitor to produce a substructure. In the case of addressing using an active matrix display, this is particularly beneficial. The type of active display is &amp; using a matrix-type drive element with a non-linear current / voltage characteristic curve and a non-linear current / voltage characteristic. The curves are assigned to individual light modulating elements, such as, for example, TTS or MIM (metal_insulator_metal) diodes. The main aspects of the present invention include the electrodes of the photoelectric switching element according to the present invention. There may be various specific embodiments here. The preferred embodiments of the electrode of the light modulation element according to this ignorance are described below, and the drawings are referred to in the description. 87586 -18-200408865 The structure of a light modulation element with an intermediate modulation substance is mainly described in German patent DE 102 172 73.0. Briefly explained here with reference to FIG. 1. The figure shows the structural cross-section of a switch element or 70 switch elements according to German patent DE 102 172 73.0. The modulation medium (2) is located between the inner surfaces of the substrate (1) Λ (1). Potentials different from each other can be applied to the electrode junction, the two surrounding electrodes (3) and (4) ', wherein the electrode structure is located on the inner surface of the substrate (1). = vGp ”means voltage, charge or current source. The line from V "symbolizes the electric feed lines of the Tingji. The electrode may be composed of a transparent material, such as, for example, indium tin oxide = τ〇). In this case, preferably, And sometimes it is necessary to cover the spectroscopy modulation element with a black mask. This improves the areas that are not effectively shielded from the electric field, thereby improving the contrast. However, the electrodes can also be made of non-transparent materials, which are usually metal For example, 'chrome, aluminum, tantalum, copper, silver or to, of which chromium is preferred. In this case, it is not necessary to use a separate black mask. The electric field used is preferably non-uniform Field. It has been found that the electrodes are laterally separated from each other, and different potentials can be applied, which has a considerable impact on the characteristic voltage of the light modulation element. By reducing the separation, the required driving voltage is also reduced. However, if the separation becomes If it is smaller, the relative porosity of the light modulating element becomes smaller and the brightness is reduced. The electrodes are preferably separated from each other in the range of 0.5 micrometers Um ^ Uoo micrometers, in the range of 1 micrometer to 20 micrometers. Better, the range from 丨 micron to 15 micron is better, the range from 2 micron to 12 micron is particularly good, and the range from 3 micron to u micron is the best. The electrodes are preferably separated from each other by 19 micron or less 87586 -19- 200408865 Among them, 15 micrometers or less is preferred, 10 micrometers or less is particularly preferred, and 9 micrometers or less is most preferred. The electrode width in the direction of the adjacent electrodes that can apply different potentials, The electrode separation in this direction is not important. It has almost no effect on the characteristic voltage of the light modulation element. However, as the electrode width increases, the relative porosity of the light modulation element becomes smaller and the brightness decreases, especially In the case where the electrode is made of opaque material. Conversely, as the width of the electrode decreases, its resistance increases. The electrode may have a width ranging from 0.05 micrometers (^ m ^ j30 micrometers, with 0.5 micrometers The range from 20 microns is better, the range from 0.7 microns to 19 microns is better, the range from! Microns to 9 microns is particularly good, and the range from microns to 6 microns is the best. Specific implementation in the first best Example (Example A) The electrode has a protruding design. Here protruding means that the electrode has a larger thickness, which cannot be ignored compared with the layer thickness of the modulation layer. In each case, the layer thickness of the electrode is preferably separated between the substrates. 5% or more, ## is preferred or more, and 20% or more is better; the separation between the substrates, that is, the layer thickness of the modulation medium on the unit point without electrodes. In this specific embodiment of the electrode with protrusions, it has a specific thickness' Λ-thickness compared with the layer thickness of the intermediate-type media. In this case, the electrode structure can have various Different shapes. The electrode structure can extend a considerable proportion of the entire layer thickness of the intermediate-type modulation medium. However, the maximum height of the electrode layer is preferably significantly smaller than the thickness of the intermediate-type modulation medium. The ratio is preferably 1: 3 or less, with ㈣ or less being preferred 'and 1:50 or less being most preferred. * The thickness of this grid, 87586 -20-200408865 is negligible when compared with the thickness of intermediate media, and the middle ratio is preferably 1: 100 or less. However, it is also necessary to consider the performance of the specific embodiment, in which the light tone is designed. ¾: The electrode configuration of the element is to extend the main part of the layer thickness of the intermediate modulation medium, preferably more than 60%, of which basically It is better to exceed the intermediate-type modulation medium &lt; the thickness of the entire layer, more preferably 80% or more, and more preferably 90% or more. In a preferred embodiment, the lower limit of the layer thickness of the electrode is 0.05 micrometers (Um), of which micrometers are preferred, 2 micrometers are more preferred, and the upper limit is 10 micrometers, with 5 micrometers being preferred It is best to be 3 microns. Figs. 2 to 6 schematically show cross sections of five different examples of the switching element according to the present invention, wherein the switching element has a protruding electrode according to a preferred embodiment (A). In the specific embodiment depicted in FIG. 2, the electrodes have a design similar to that of the specific embodiment of FIG. The electrodes (3) and (4) have a rectangular or almost rectangular cross section. However, the electrode has a thickness that is not negligible compared to the layer thickness of the modulation layer [d (2)] or the thickness of the feature layer. For example, it usually has a range from 0. 5 micrometers (# to 3 micrometers in thickness, with a range of 1 micrometer to 2 micrometers is preferred. In the specific embodiment depicted in FIG. 3, the electrodes (3) and (4) have the same as described in FIG. 2 The specific embodiment is similar in design. However, these electrodes extend beyond the entire thickness [d (2)] of the modulation layer (2). In the specific embodiment depicted in FIG. 4, the electrodes (3) and (4) Once again, the design is similar to the specific embodiment depicted in FIG. 2. However, the electrode thickness (which is coincident with 87586-21-200408865 is not dependent on the number of layers) but is related to the position. The electrode has a triangular surface. It is depicted in FIG. 5 In a specific embodiment, the electrodes (3) and ⑷ have a design similar to the specific embodiment described in FIG. *, Where the specific embodiment of FIG. 4 has a layer thickness depending on the position. However, these electrodes are composed of two Layers (3) and (3,) and (4) and (4 ') are composed of' where — stacked on top of another layer And each—the upper layers (3 ′) and (4,) respectively cover smaller switching element regions than the corresponding lower layers (3) and (4). In the specific embodiment described in FIG. 6, the electrode (3 ) And (4) have a design similar to that of the specific embodiment described in FIG. 2 again. However, the electrodes ⑷ and ⑷ here have a circular cross section and are shown in the form of a hollow conductor. But 'they also have The other circles are cut from 'and', for example, the shape of a solid metal wire or a cylindrical non-conductive material with a conductive coating. It also encompasses other specific embodiments, including a pair of sides with different common potentials Electrode, or an electrode with different potentials, or at least a pair of electrodes, JL — say ^ 1 ', or another potential can be applied. The electrodes here can be

To lie on a single plane s Bu ten + τ J or on different planes. It has the same potential, or is connected or can be applied with the same potential, preferably located on the same plane Adjacent electrodes of the enclosed electrode structure are separated from the other electrode horizontally by solid :: '' at least Shaofen ground. … In another embodiment, the secondary structure of the electrode structure is located on the middle-type medium 87586 -22- 200408865 = opposite sides. In this case, the corresponding electrode sections II are perpendicular to each other, but compensate each other laterally in a manner that generates an electric field parallel to the intermediate-type media layer.

In a specific embodiment (specific embodiment B) of the present invention, it is better to design the electrode structure so that the electrodes are located on a separator above their respective substrates, and separated from an important part of the surface thereof, of which The surface "Wang Yao #" is better separated from the top, and it is best to separate from almost the entire surface or just the entire surface. For this reason, the electrodes are preferably formed on a solid dielectric. This is depicted by way of example in Figures 7, 9 and Η to B. The solid dielectric used is preferably a solid insulator such as, for example, glass as described below. Solid dielectrics are preferably in the form of layers or platforms. Here is a simple manufacturing method. In the simplest case of a substrate, a% quality platform can be obtained by etching the space between the platforms of the dielectric layer. &amp; area ratio of combined electrode structure,

-Quite sharp means the best is 20% or more, of which 300/0 or more is better, and 40% or more is the best, a major part means 55% or more is the best, of which It is better to be 60/0 or more, and 70% or more is the best. • Almost whole means to be the best 80% or more, of which 90% or more is better, and 95% or more. Best, and-the whole means the best is 98% or more, of which 99% or more is better, and 100% is best. FIG. 7 schematically shows a preferred embodiment of a specific embodiment of a switching element 87586 -23- 200408865 (B), a 'structural cross-section, according to the present invention. The electrodes here have a similar design to the specific embodiment depicted in FIG. 1. However, the electrodes are not directly on the surface of the substrate and (6), for example, but on a solid insulating layer (5) with a specific thickness (the thickness is usually 1 μm) to 2 μm. Here, a 10,000-H ten-electrode configuration is used to separate the pixel electrode pair dielectric from the related substrate. Although the electrode is located on only one substrate, this makes it easy to manufacture the modulation element and the photoelectric display. Therefore, a specific embodiment is preferred. The thickness of the solid insulating layer under the conductive layer of the electrode can be selected to give a large effect on the driving voltage, which is significantly reduced by 0. In this preferred embodiment (B), the conductive layer of the electrode structure protrudes. On the surface of the adjacent substrate. In this specific implementation, solid-state insulating layers are located between the respective substrates and adjacent conductive layers. The solid-state insulating layer may be composed of glass 'quartz'-or more inorganic layers, such as, for example, silicon dioxide (SiO2) or nitrogen cut (SiN), organic polymers, or the like. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example, the insulation layer is a substrate (a crying portion in the form of a flat r). This—a specific embodiment can be simply obtained, and the It is better to get the substrate to the corresponding depth. Each conductive layer of the electrode structure can be used as a photomask during etching, or two layers can be etched through the same photomask in a single step. In another In a specific embodiment, in a known manner of α, a structured or unstructured method is used to apply or deposit a solid insulating layer on the surface of the substrate, and it can be sequentially constructed as needed. The layer thickness of the solid insulating layer is preferably Is from 01 micron um) mo micron 87586-24-200408865 thickness, in which the cadaver sound surface from 0.2 micron to 7 micron to 5 micron is again, from 0.4 micron spoon is better, and from Micrometers to 4 microns are optimal. Structure = good specific embodiment (in the specific embodiment 0, the electrode = the same potential is applied), which is composed of two or more conductive layers, and the layers are arranged in the unit of the switching element, one by one and separated by ΓΓ Insulate the entire surface of each other from a considerable part of their surface ... It is better to separate them in part, and it is best to separate them from the conductive ones. If the light modulating element type surface is used, it is connected conductively. Square current source. 4 Voltage, charge or electricity connected to the outside of the light modulating element: "In a preferred embodiment, 'at least one of the electrode structures is conductively located in the mother-its 4k u * r soil. In this specific embodiment The modulation medium is formed between the electrode layers to form a dielectric. K media-layer sound, which is good for each other. In the specific embodiment, two or more layers of the electrode structure are electrically separated from each other by a solid dielectric. 。 Shows a preferred embodiment (c) of the switching element according to the present invention, and, the cross-section, and ...-/, /,--pole structure, where the electrode structure consists of two layers, the mother i is located Among the substrates-above. The electrodes here are The right juice, so that the first electrode (3) on the first substrate (1) is applied, and the same electricity is placed on the second electrode (3,) on the second substrate, (4). Similarly, Shi = Electrode 位于 located on the first substrate can also be applied with a second electric 位于 electrode located on the ground. In each case, the electrode pair (3) and (3,) and ⑷ and ( 4 ') are opposite to each other. Since it allows the characteristic voltage to be reduced by 87586 -25- 200408865, and the effect obtained is independent of further parameters, where the parameters are the material and layer thickness of the solid dielectric material used Therefore, this specific embodiment is preferred. Each electrode structure preferably has two pairs of electrodes assigned to each other, and at least one of these electrode pairs assigned to each other, in each case, applies or can apply the same In this specific embodiment, the conductive electrode layers assigned in pairs to each other may be located on the opposite substrate (compare FIGS. 8 and 9) or the same substrate (for example, compare FIGS. 10 and 11). This specific embodiment (C) In the improvement of the specific embodiment (B), the electrode 'in the electrode arrangement f' is preferably composed of two or more layers which are conductively connected to each other. In each case, 'the individual here The electrode layer is basically: • separated from its entire surface by -dielectrics, β is of equal area, and _ one layer is laid flat on top of the other according to regulations. They can also be combined with each other. Therefore, as a rule, in the following description of the "excellent specific embodiment of the specific f embodiment (c), the conductive layer of the ^ inch private layer is facing the substrate, where the solid dielectric质 与 rti # ^ Preferably JL _ ~, separated from the electric layer, and as described in the premise of the case, it can be left. ^ By the solid sad dielectric layer from each The base plate is divided into Figures 9 and 13 to schematically show the cross section of the structure of the root and the integrated embodiment * <various embodiments of several switches. , /, Is a second V according to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention with 87586 -26-200408865, which shows the specific implementation depicted in Figs. 7 and 8. Contrary to the specific embodiment depicted in FIG. 7, the protruding electrodes (3) and rhenium are not only formed on the solid insulating layer (5) and rhenium on the surface of the substrate. == In the specific embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the electrodes (3,) and (4,) are all formed on the surface of the phase, "soil plate (1,)". Like the corresponding electrodes on the first substrate, these electrodes protrude from the surface (1,) through the solid insulating layers (5,) and (6,).

The figure T is extremely similar in design to the specific embodiment depicted in FIG. However, the electrodes in the specific embodiment shown in FIG. 8 are each composed of two layers (3) and (3,), and ⑷ and (4,). I applies electricity to each pair in a paired manner. Apply the same potential. However, in contrast to the specific embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the individual two pairs of conductive layers of the 疋 and Ώ 桠 structures are respectively (3,), and (4) and (4,) 'are not each other by the dielectric modulation layer ⑺ is separated, but separated by solid insulation layers (5) and (6), respectively.

In Fig. 11, the electrode has a design similar to that of the embodiment shown in Fig. 10. However, as shown in the specific embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the first layer electrode structure (3) and the person (4) here are separated from the substrate by a solid insulating layer (5) and (6) (from a dog) of. As shown in the specific embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the two-layer electrode structures (3) and (3,) and (4) and (4,) which can apply the same potential, are respectively provided by a solid insulating layer (5 ') and ( 6 ') to separate each other. In FIG. 12, each electrode of the electrode structure is composed of four conductive layers (3) to (3 '' ') and (4) to (4' ''). In each case, two of the four layers are on the same substrate. Layers (3) and (3,), and (4) and (4,) are on a substrate having a surface (1), and (3 ,,) and (3 ,,,), and (4 ,,) and (4 ,,,) is on a substrate having a surface (Γ). Layers (3) and (4) or (3 ,,) and (4 ,,) adjoin the respective 87586 -27- 200408865 substrates (1) or (1 '), which are respectively composed of solid insulating layers (5) and (6) ) Or (5,) is separated from (6,). Similarly 'located on the same substrate [(3) and (3,)] and [(4) and (4,)], and [(3' ') and (3' '')] and [(4 '') And the two conductive layers on (4 ,,,)] are separated from each other by the solid insulating layers (5,) and (6,) and (5 ,,,) and (6 ,,,). In FIG. 13, as shown in the specific embodiment shown in FIG. 2, each electrode of the electrode structure is composed of four conductive layers (2) to (2 ,,,) or (3) to (3 ,,,). composition. The thickness of the conductive layer and the insulating layer in different orders can be extended to the entire modulation layer. Therefore, similarly, the inner conductive layer pairs (2,) and (2 ,,,) and (3,) and (3) are respectively composed of solid insulating layers (5 ,,,,) and (6 ,,, ,), Separate from each other. Intermediate-type media layers or layered layers (for example, comparing FIGS. 8 and 9), or one (comparing to FIGS. 10 and 11) or more solid dielectrics may be located between the conductive layers of the electrodes of the electrode structure. In the case where the electrode includes two or more conductive layers, the conductive layer of the electrode or the respective lower conductive layer can be arranged on the insulating layer and the base layer of the substrate in a protruding manner (compare Fig. 7, 9, 11, 12, and 1 3). In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each electrode is composed of at least four conductive layers (compare FIGS. 12 and 13), of which at least two of the conductive layers On the substrate, and it is better to apply different potentials or possibly different potentials. = In this specific embodiment, a further electrode is assigned to each of the two ^ electrodes, and this electrode has the same potential, Or it is possible to apply a plutonium potential. In each case, a dielectric is assigned to electricity: further electrodes of the female pen of the driver are separated from the electrode pair. However, it is also possible to use more than four layers of conductivity Layer, one layer after another 87586 -28- 200408865 Above. In the embodiment of the preferred embodiment ...), particularly preferred embodiment (C), it may be possible to turn the electric Γ into a protrusion as described in the specific embodiment ”" In the specific embodiment (c)中 ， A 苏 你 # 田 k 旳 大 起 式. The surface and the same potential are applied, it is better to layer-to-layer and then another layer, while at the same time ::: the dielectric modulation layer separates each other from a The solid dielectric layer (see Figure 9) is attached to each of them, and the substrates under each of them are separated from each other. They are separated from the conductive layer in Figure 8 and Figure 8, and there are no specific examples. Compared to this, since this and ## each example allows driving voltage, this specific embodiment is better ... In &quot; Criminal Case (C), the conductive layer of the electrode structure is one layer followed by another-= above "For example, (3) and (3,) in Figs. 8 to 13 are connected to each other or to the driving electrons in a conductive manner. If the corresponding layers are connected to each other in a conductive manner" and the resistance Is low, the corresponding layers may be at the same potential or have the same voltage. However, in certain embodiments These layers can also be located at different potentials or addressed at different times, making it possible to be at different potentials at different times. The electrode structure can be obtained independently or electrically through the use of corresponding driving electrons connected to the corresponding layers. Coupling addressing of corresponding adjacent conductive layers. Thus, for example, different potentials may be applied to corresponding layers 'at the same time or at different times'. This facilitates improved addressing, which, for example, can improve light modulation Element response time and / or contrast. According to this result, the intensity of the observed photoelectric effect depends on the layer thickness of the isotropic modulation medium. The required driving voltage for layer thicknesses below a micron range It increases as the layer thickness increases. This effect maintains 87586 -29- 200408865 to the characteristic layer thickness (de) when saturation occurs. The layer thickness is further increased to a value exceeding the layer thickness of this feature without causing any noticeable improvement, that is, a reduction in the characteristic voltage. The thickness of the feature layer is generally in a range from 0.5 μm to 10 μm, and is usually in a range from 10 μm to 50 μm. For practical purposes, values from about 2 to 3 microns should be used, especially values from about 3 microns. In the light modulating element having the embodiment (A), the layer thickness of the isotropic modulation layer is preferably at least as large as the thickness of the characteristic layer. In the specific examples (B) and (C), the layer thickness of the isotropic modulation layer is preferably twice the thickness of the characteristic layer or more. This preferred lower limit of the thickness of the modulation media layer is applicable to the specific embodiment (B) and the specific embodiment, wherein in the specific only case (B), the electrode structure includes two layers that apply or can apply the same potential, In the specific embodiment (c), the electrode structure explicitly includes a conductive layer, which has or can apply a known potential. The specific embodiment that explicitly has a conductive layer in the electrode structure produces similar results to the embodiment (B). As the thickness of the insulating layer between the substrate and the conductive layer increases, as long as it is saturated, the characteristic voltage decreases. As long as the thickness of the entire layer of the modulation layer is large enough, the sound thickness of the solid insulating layer is: Value, saturation occurs. In this specific embodiment, the insulation layer under the first conductive layer facing the substrate is high, preferably equal to or greater than the thickness of the feature layer. The thickness of the remaining portion of the modulation layer above the conductive layer of the electrode structure is also equal to or greater than the thickness of the feature layer. Therefore, such as = specific embodiment (B) 'in this-specific embodiment, all layers of the modulation layer The lower limit of the degree is preferably twice the thickness of the feature layer. #Conductive layer is located at the center or almost the center of the variable layer thickness, and the best effect is achieved when the feature layer thickness or more is extended in the direction of each substrate. If multiple conductive layers are used, one layer on top of the other, in each case separated from each other by a solid insulating layer, the lower limit of the thickness of the media layer is adjusted and the feature layer thickness is doubled, each of which is further Of the conductive layer.

According to the present invention, the intermediate type medium preferably has a nematic phase, a pair of palm phase and / or a blue phase, and the blue phase is preferred. However, it is also possible to use a species that makes the temperature range of the nematic phase in the wood so narrow that the transformation actually dreams of going from the crystalline or smectic phase to the isotropic phase.

According to the present invention (the modulation medium of the SI periodic change element according to the present invention, at a temperature 2 degrees higher than the characteristic temperature, it should have a characteristic voltage ranging from 5 volts to 150 volts ~, where It is preferably from 15 volts to volts, preferably 20 volts to 90 volts, and most preferably 30 volts to volts. Unless otherwise specified, otherwise, in the patent application, Units separated by 10 micron envelopes have characteristic voltages. The modulation medium according to the present invention in the light modulation unit according to the present invention should have a temperature of 10 ° at a temperature of 2 degrees: Characteristic electricity of volts or less: Among them, 95 volts or less is preferred, 75 volts or less is most preferred, and 50 volts or less is most preferred. The light modulation according to the present invention is above the characteristic temperature 2 Characteristic voltage of 10 volts and 10 volts to 80 volts. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the optical modulation medium according to the present invention in the element should preferably have a range from 5 volts. (V) to V10 ', preferably from 10 volts to 90 volts, 87586 31 20 0408865 is the best. In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the light modulation medium according to the present invention in the light withering element according to the present invention is at a temperature 2 degrees higher than the characteristic / plate degree, It should have a specific voltage V1G ranging from 2 volts (乂) to ⑽ ⑽ volts, of which 3 volts to 50 volts is preferred, 4 volts to M volts is better, and 5 volts to 20 volts is more It is best to use 5 volts or 7 volts to 15 volts. In this patent application, the characteristic temperature (Tehar) is defined as follows: If the characteristic voltage passes the minimum value and becomes the minimum value of the temperature function, then the minimum value The temperature is called the characteristic temperature. If the desired voltage does not become a function of the temperature through the minimum value, but the modulation medium has-or more blue phases, the temperature of the transition to the blue phase, or occurs in a complex blue phase. In the case of temperature, the temperature that turns into the blue phase becomes the rising temperature for the first time, which is called the characteristic temperature. If the specific voltage does not become a function of the temperature through the minimum value, and the media does not have the blue phase, it changes into various The temperature of the isotropic phase is called the characteristic temperature.… The clearing point of the intermediate media with nematic phase should be in the range from -20 ° C to 80 ° C, with the range from 0 ° C to ⑼ ° C. It is better, and the range from 20 ° C to 60 ° C is the best. In the case of a display with a backlight, the clearing point is preferably in the range from 0 ° C to 70 ° C, in which the range is from 30 ° C. The range from 50 to 50 ° C is better. The nematic phase Jl is stable at as low as -10 ° C, of which -30 ° C is better, and it is the lowest at 40 ° C. 87586 -32- 200408865 The intermediate-type medium according to the present invention has a birefringence (Δη) of 0.090 or more in a nematic phase neutral at a temperature 4 degrees below the clearing point, in which 0.1 to 〇〇 Or more is preferred, 0.150 or more is particularly preferred, and 0,200 or more is most preferred. According to the application of the present invention, the value of birefringence is almost unlimited. However, actually it is usually 0.500 or less, and usually 0.45 or less. Here, the birefringence value of the medium according to the present invention is measured in a nematic phase whose temperature is lower than the clearing point P. If the media is not 歹 J% 疋 at this temperature, or at least this temperature can be supercooled in the nematic phase, j ,; Jiao 20, decided to mix I5% media with 85% Merck & (^ octet J-phase / 叱 σ ZLI_4792 birefringence, and 'extrapolate' from the comparison of the mixed zli_4792 changes to obtain the value of the pure media. According to the present invention, the intermediate media should preferably have 4 Debye ( Debye) or more; L moment is preferably 6 Debye or more, and 8 Debye or more is best. The light modulation element according to the present invention 'may be used in the mesophase, with Page anisotropy (△ ε) intermediate modulation media, and medium modulation media with negative media anisotropy. Use the median modulation with the "vector-isotropy (△ ε)" in the mesophase. Variable media is better. If the intermediate modulation 媪, the ancient J 夂 杲 has a positive dielectric anisotropy (△ ε), which is below 1 kilohertz (kHz) and the temperature is The temperature or clearing point is 4. When it has a value of 15 or more, it is better to use “30 to 30 or more, 45 or more” It is best to be nematic ^, ew ... if the media does not have a nematic phase, or if the degree is lower than the characteristic temperature. 4, the same as the division point 4, it is similar to birefringence if it is not in the nematic phase, Its median anisotropy is determined by the value of 15% of the extrapolated mixture IZ 87586 -33- 200408865 4792. If the intermediate modulation media has a negative Beggar interest, it should preferably have -5 or Fewer values are preferred, with _7 and less optimal rule yf being better, and modulation media with positive dielectric anisotropy of -10 or better are particularly preferred. The intermediate-type media according to the present invention is preferably It is composed of 2 to 40 compounds, of which 5 to 30 compounds are preferred, and 7 to 25 compounds are most preferred. The intermediate dielectric medium according to the present invention, which includes the positive dielectric anisotropy, preferably includes: · A group of A, which is composed of one or more chemical makeup makeup ~ \ 7 &lt; children's mouth, and these compounds have a very high positive dielectric anisotropy of 30 or more,- It is necessary to include a group B consisting of one or more compounds having a range from 10 to &lt; 30 has a very high positive dielectric anisotropy, depending on which component C is to be composed, which is composed of one or more compounds, and the distant compounds have a range from &gt; 1.5 to &lt; 1 General positive dielectric anisotropy,-include a set of D as needed, which consists of one or more neutral dielectric compounds, and these compounds have a range from __ 1 · 5 to +1 · 5 Electron anisotropy, and-if necessary, includes a component E consisting of one or more compounds that have a negative dielectric anisotropy of less than -1.5. Component A of these media should preferably include one or more compounds of formula I, in which the main part is preferably composed of them, but in fact it is composed entirely of one or more of 87586-34-200408865 compounds of formula i optimal.

R1 is alkyl, alkoxy, among which n-alkyl or n-alkyl is preferred, each having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or alkenyl, Alkenloxy, alkynyl or alkoxyalkyl, each having 2 to 7 carbon atoms

Each one is independent of each other,

F F

And one—and one of them is

Of The Rainer ’-35- 87586 200408865 i

And, if any,

Z11 and Z12 are independent of each other, single-bonded -CO-O ·, transverse-1.1. CH = CH-, -CH = CF_, -CF = CH-, -CF = CF-, -CH = CH_CO- 0-, -CF = CF-C0-0-, -CF = CH-C0-0 ', -CH = CF-C0-0_, -CF2_0-, -o-cf2- or -c triple c-, or A combination of two or more of these groups. X1 is F, -OCF3, -CF3, -OCF2H, Cl, CN, -C three C-CN, or NCS, preferably CN, C_CN or NCS, and n1 is 0 or 1, where 87586 -36- ZUU4U88t) ^ In the case of X ^ F, there are at least two, preferably at least 3, full fluorine (F) atomic rings. In the case of X1 == _ OCF3, 3, -0CF2H or Cl, all benzene rings With at least one extra (F) atom, and preferably at least 2 additional fluorine atoms, and in the case of X-CN, _Csc-CN or NCS, the benzene ring is preferably with at least 1 Extra ammonia (F) atoms. According to the media of the present invention, one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of adducts of molecular formulas 1 to 1-7, and / or one or more compounds selected from the formulas ^ to The compound of the group consisting of the compounds is similar to the sub-molecular formula of the molecular formula I.

-4 R1 R1 R1

CEC-C〇〇

-5 -6

C three C ^ C three N 87586 -37--7 200408865

The parameters are defined as above and are located below the formula i. : According to the media of the present invention, it is preferable to include one or more selected from the formulae I-la to I-le, I-2a to I-2c, I-3a to I_3c, I-4a to I-4c, I-5a To I-5c, a hydrazone b complex of the group consisting of I-6a to I-6c and l-7a to I-7c, and / or one or more selected from the formulae III-la to II-lc, Compounds consisting of II-2a to II-2c, II-3a, II-3b, II-4a, II-4b, IUa.ilUb.

87586 -38- 200408865 R1— &lt; A12) — R! 12

F

R!, 12

R1, 12

F

R1— (A12) —C triple C—COO— &lt; 〇 &gt; —C triple N

F

R1— &lt; A12 &gt; —C triple C—COO— &lt; 〇 &gt; —C triple N

F

R1 —— (A12 &gt; t ~ CEC—C〇0— &lt; 0 &gt;-CEN

F

CEN CEN R1 ~~ (A 12

F I! C = C—C〇O I F

O &gt;-C three N l-2c l-3a l-3b l-3c l-4a l-4b. * * I-4c l-5a l-5b l-5c l-6a 87586 -39- 200408865

l-6b l-6c l-7a l-7b l-7c IMa IMb IMg ll-2a 87586 -40- 200408865

ll-2c ll-2b

ll-3a ll-3b ll-4a ll-4b ll-5a ll-5b 87586 -41-200408865 where the parameters are defined as above and are located below the molecular formula i. The compounds of formulae 1-13 to 1-; ^ are preferably selected from formulae 1-; ^ -1 to 1-la-6, I-lb-1 to I-lb-9, I-lc-1 to I-lc_9 , I-ld-1 to I-ld-5, and I-le-1 to l-le-2.

〇

C three N

Ma-1

CnH2n + 1-

F

Ma-2 Bu 1a-3 1-13-4

Ma-5

CnH2n + 1nTCH = CH—CmH2V 〇— \ 〇 C 三 Ν l «1a-6

F

1-1 b-1

CnH2n + f 〇 &gt;-C triple N F

C three N

Mb-2 Bu 1b-3 87586 -42- 200408865

1-1 b-4

F

F 1-1 b-5 lr1b-6

CnH2n + 1— \ / — &lt; 〇 &gt; ~ 〇ΞΝ F

Mb-7 W + i-1 1-1 b-8

CnH2n + r-〇- &lt; 〇 λ &quot; (0 &gt; -C ^ N 1-1 b-9

F ^ n ^ 2n + f

〇 C = N F 1-1 c-1

CnH2n + r-CH = CH—Cm々

F

F

Mc-2 87586 -43- 200408865

F

Mc-3

CnH2n + 1—Three N '

CnH2n + 1 \ / N ~ \ ^

F F

Mc-4

F F

1-1 c-5 1-1 c-6

Bu 1c-7

1-1 c-8 1-1 c-9 87586 -44- 200408865

Md-2

Md-3 1-1 d-4

Md-5

Me-1 1-1Θ-2 »where .n is an integer from 0 to 7, where 1 to 7 is preferred, m is an integer from 0 to 5, n + m is an integer from 0 to 7, where 1 to 5 are preferred. The compounds of the formulae I-2a to I-2c are preferably selected from the group consisting of the formulae Ida-1 to I-2a-5, I-2b-1 to I-2b_9, and I-2c-1 to I-2C-17 group. 87586 -45-200408865 C Η 2n + 1

COO- (0) —C = N: n + 1

COO— (C three N

CnH2n + i ~ \ 0 / 一 -〇〇-〇 * — (0) 一 &quot; CEN

F

CnH2n + r \ 0 / —COO—〇 y—〇ΞΝ F F

CnH2n + 1 1 ~ \ 〇 / —COO—〇 y—CSN F F

CnH2n + 1—O—0 y—COO— \ 〇 / —C = N F

CnH2n + 1 · —C triple C &quot;-( O) —CQO— \ 〇) 一 &quot; C triple NFF l-2si-1 l-2a-2 l-2a-3 1-23-4 l'2a-5 l-2b-2 l-2b-3 l-2b-4 l-2b-5 87586 -46- 200408865

l-2b-6 l-2b-7 F

F F

CnH2n + 1 — ^ (〇) —COO— &lt; 〇} ~ C = H l-2b-8

F

l-2b-9 I-2C-1

CnH2 n + 1

F

F l-2c-2

CnH2n + 1 (〇) —COO— \ 〇) —ΟΞΝ l-2c-3

F 87586 -47- 200408865 V-c

1-2〇4

CnH2n + {CnH2n + f

1-20-5 l-2c-6

CnH2n + i -CH = CH ~ CmH2-

F COO

C three N l-2c-7

CnH2n + i CnH2n + i

l-2c-8 l-2c-9

CnH2n + i

I-2C-10 87586 -48-200408865

l-2c-11 1-20-12 I-2C-13 I-2C-14 1-20-15 I-2C-16 I-2C-17 87586 -49- 200408865 where η is an integer from 0 to 7, Among them, 0 to 5 is preferred, and 1 to 5 is optimal. 'M is an integer from 0 to 5, and n + m is an integer from 0 to 7, wherein! Is preferably from 1 to 5. The compounds of the formulae 1-3a to I-3c are preferably selected from the group consisting of the formulae 1-3a-1 to 3a-4, I_3b-1 to I-3b-4 and I-3c-1 to 1-304. Group.

l-3a-1 1-38-2 l-3a-3 1-33-4

F ^ η ^ 2η + ί W + i *

CnH2n + {^ n ^ 2n + f

CnH2n + f CnH2n + i PnH2n + 1

I-3b-1 l-3b-2 l-3b-3 87586 -50- 200408865

F

F

CnH2n + 1 1 ~ (O &gt; -CF ^ O Ο &gt; ~ · 〇ΞΝ l-3b-4

F

CnH2n + 「

CFp

F

I4c-1

C H 2n + 1 F 〇 &gt; -cf2o

F l-3b-2

F

CnH2n + 1— (〇 h-CFp 〇7 ~ C ^ N l-3b-3

F

F F l-3b-4

CnH2n + 1 ~ \ 0 ^ CFp—ΟΞΝ

V F where n is an integer from 0 to 7, with 0 to 5 being preferred, and 1 to 5 being most preferred. The compounds of the formulae I-4a to I-4c are preferably selected from the group consisting of the formulae I-4a_1 to I-4a-3, I-4b-1 to I-4b-4 and I-4c-1 to I-4c-3 Group. 87586 -51-200408865 C Η 2n + 1 -CEC—C〇, 0

CnH2n + 1 a

〇) -c three c-c0-〇 F

〇 &gt; -CEN:

1-43-2

cnH2n + i— ~ ^ ^ CEC-C〇-〇 一 \ 〇 CEN 1-43-3

F ^ n ^ 2n + 1 ~

C three c ^ c〇〇 一 &lt; 〇 &gt; —CEN F BU 4b-1

CnH2n + 1 \ 〇 / —CEC-COO— (〇) —C = N F F l-4b-2

F

CnH2n + 1 one ~ ^ 〇 / —C triple C—COO— \ 〇) one C triple N l-4b-3

F

CnH2n + 1 ~, O &lt; &gt; -CEC-C〇〇- (0 &gt; ~ C = N F l-4b-4

CnH2n + f

CEC—CCKD

F

C triple N F l-4c-1

l-4c-2

PnH2n + 1— \ 〇;) a CEC-C〇-0 〇 C three N

F 87586 -52- 200408865

F F

C triple N 1-4〇3 where n is an integer from 0 to 7, with 0 to 5 being preferred, and 1 to 5 being most preferred. The compounds of the formulae I-5a to I-5c are preferably selected from the group consisting of the formulae I-5a-1 to 1-5a-3, I-5b-1 to I-5b-3 and I-5c-1 to I-5c-3 Group of people. :

CnH2n + 1— ^ 0) ~ C = C-COO- F

H H ^, η ^ 2η + Γ 1-53-1

〇 &gt; --CEN Bu 5a-2

… H 0 &gt; —C = C—CO〇 H

0 &gt; —CEN 1-53-3

F l-5b-1 〇 &gt; --c = c-co-o-

F

CnH

H

〇 c 二 c —ca〇 H

l-5b-2

2n + 1 F

H

O &gt; ~ Cf COO- ^ O Six-C Three N 丨 · 87586 -53 」200408865

l-5c-1 l-5c-2

CnH2n + i

i-5c-3, where n is an integer from 0 to 7, with 0 to 5 being preferred, and 1 to 5 being most preferred. The compounds of the formulae I-6a to I-6c are preferably selected from the group consisting of the formulae I-6a-1 to 1-6a-3, I_6b-1 to I-6b-3 and I-6c_l to I-6c-3 . 87586

-54- 200408865

F O &gt; -C ^ C-COO F F F CnH2n.i- ^ 0 / -C-C-COO, F F 0) -〇 = 〇-〇〇〇 F

CnH 2n + 1

F

l-6b-2 | -6b ** 3 l-6b-1 ^ n ^ 2n + 1

F 0 -C = C-COO F

F

F

CnH 2n + 1

0 &gt; —C = C-COO F

F

F Ic = c-c〇〇 I F

l-6c-1 BU 6o2 BU 6c-3 87586 -55- 200408865 where η is an integer from 0 to 7, where 0 to 5 is preferred, and 1 to 5 is preferred. The compounds of the formulae I-7a to I-7c are preferably selected from the group consisting of the formulae I-7a-1 to I-7a-2, I-7b-1 to I-7b-2 and Wc-1 to I-7c-2 Group.

CnH2n + i

CEC—CEN F F ·

CnH2n + {&lt;,) —CEC—C triple N c BU 7a-1 l-7a-2 l-7b-1 l-7b-2 l-7b-1 l-7c-2

F 87586 -56- 200408865 where η is an integer from 0 to 7, with 0 to 5 being preferred and 1 to 5 being most preferred. The medium according to the present invention preferably includes one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the formulae II-lc-1, II-2c-1, II-3b-1, II-4b-1 and II-5b-1 A group of compounds.

Ρη ^ 2η + ί ^ η ^ 2η + ί CnH2n + f

-57- 87586 200408865 where η is an integer from 0 to 7, with 0 to 5 being preferred, and 1 to 5 being most preferred. According to the medium of the present invention, it is preferable to include one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds of molecular formulas M to I-7, and one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds of molecular formulas 11_1 to 11_5 Compounds. The following table shows some examples of compounds of preferred formula which are particularly suitable for the preparation of media according to the invention. Better combination

87586 -58- 200408865 16 I-lb-7 5 C94I 17 I-lb-8 3 Lai C54I 18 I-lb-9 3 C76I 19 I-lb-9 4 sides C41 I 20 I-lc-1 2 C46I 21 I -lc-1 3 Μ C57I 22 I-lc-2 0 0 C41 I 23 Mc-2 1 0 C43I 24 Mc-3 5 C46I 25 1-1c-4 1 C51I 26 Mc-4 3 _ C67I 27 I-lc- 5 2 C43I 28 I- lc-5 3 C43I 29 I-lc-6 5 C23I 30 Mc-7 0 2 C64I 31 I-lc-8 4 C78I 32 Mc-8 5 C78I 33 1-1c-9 4 _ C85I 34 I-ld-1 5-C84I 35 I-ld-5 3 sides C85I 36 1-1d-5 5 C36I 37 I-le-1 3 C 1171 87586 -59- 200408865

38 I-2a-3 2-C 77 N (43.1) 1 39 I-2a-3 3 C 100 N (46) 1 40 I-2b-l 2 C78N (11) I 41 I-2b-l 3 C 70 N (19) 1 42 I-2b-l 4 sides C 13 N (6.7) 1 43 I-2b_l 5 C 30 N (23.8) 1 44 HI 6 C 35 N (17) 1 45 I-2b-l 7 C 29 N (28) I 46 I-2b-2 4 Sleep C33I 47 I-2b-3 4 C 57 N (21.8) 1 48 I-2b-4 3 C55I 49 I-2b-4 4 sides C49I 50 I-2b -4 5 Fine C46I 51 I-2b-5 3 pin C67I 52 I-2b-5 5 C41 I 53 I-2b-5 6 TS-59C31N (-30) I 54 I-2b-6 2 Not determined 55 I- 2b-7 3 C59I 56 I-2b-7 4 C39I 57 I-2b-7 5 C31 I 58 I-2b-8 4 stopper C47I 59 I-2b-9 4 T &57; 191 60 I-2c-l 3 pain C61 I -60- 87586 200408865 61 I-2c-2 5 C31 I 62 I-2c-3 3 Fine C77I 63 I-2c-3 5 Read C47I 64 I-2c-4 0 1 C77I 65 I-2c-4 0 2 C 37 N (8.2) 1 66 I-2c-4 0 3 Not determined 67 I-2c-5 4 C52I 68 I-2c-6 4 C70I 69 1_2〇7 0 2 C 47 N (1.0) 1 70 I- 2c-9 3 C52I 71 I-2c-9 4 sides C39I 72 I-2c-9 5 C39I 73 I-2c-10 4 _ C60I 74 I-2c-ll 3 C50I 75 I-2c-12 4 C56I 76 I-2c-13 3 coffee C80I 77 I-2c-13 4 C59I 78 I-2c-14 noodle 2 C60I 79 I-2c-15 3 C 69I 80 I-2c-15 4 C47I 81 I-2c-15 5 C33I 82 I-2c-16 4 Te-54Xr35X2-7 I 83 I-2c-17 4 C 78 N (50.8) 1 87586 -61- 200408865

84 I-2c-17 5 C 72 N (55.0) 1 85 I-3b-4 2 per C35I 86 I-3c-l 3 sides Tg-72C 17N (-18) I 87 I-4b -1 3 C50I 88 I -4c-l 3 Tg-47 C 30 I 89 I-4c-2 3 Sleep Tg-37 C 63 I 90 I-4c-2 5 Ts-46 C 56 I 91 I -5b-3 3 Sun C 75 N ( 68.0) I 92 I-6a-l 3 C56N65.1 I 93 I-6c-l 2 tank C76I 94 I-7b-l 2 drawing C 39 N 46.41 95 I-7c-l 2 drawing C44I 96 I-7c-2 0 0 C 61 N (48.8) I 97 I-7c-2 0 2 C 57 N (78.9) I 98 I-7c-4 3 C 75 N (51.0) I 99 I-7c-4 5 C 61 N (48.8 ) I 100 II-lc-1 5 C 85 N (75) I 101 II-2ol 2 sides C 59 N 95.2 I 87586 -62- 200408865

102 II-3b-l --3 C 78 Sa (55) I 103 IH1 104 nJ -----------= _ __C65 SA (62) I IH1 2 C 82 I 105 ------ II-5b-l 3 C 77 T According to this &amp; Ming positive dielectric anisotropy intermediate type media, the main part should be composed of component A, and it is best to actually consist of it completely. In a preferred embodiment, the positive dielectric anisotropic intermediate-type medium according to the present invention includes' or more components selected from the group consisting of components, wherein The formed group is better. Component D in some media preferably includes-or more compounds. According to the present invention, the "negative dielectric anisotropy intermediate type medium" should preferably include component A ', which is composed of a compound having a negative dielectric anisotropy as high as -5 or less,-including component B as needed , Which is composed of compounds with general negative dielectric anisotropy from _15 to &lt; or even the negative dielectric anisotropy,-if necessary, includes a component C, which is anisotropic with a dielectric from _15 to +15 An anisotropic neutral dielectric compound and, if necessary, a group D, which is composed of a compound having a positive dielectric anisotropy greater than 15. According to the intermediate-type medium of the present invention, it is preferable to include a palmitic compound which senses a counter-phase mesophase, of which a blue phase is preferred. The intermediate-type medium according to the present invention may further include a small concentration, an adduct or a palmar dopant at a normal concentration. The total concentration of these additional components, depending on the overall mix, ranges from 0% to 10%, with individual concentrations of the two compounds in the range 8786 -63- 200408865 from 0.01 to 6%. Range from 01 to 3%. When specifying the concentration ranges of the other mixture components, &amp; additions to the palm dopants and / or taking into account the concentrations of these compounds and similar components mixed. Media is obtained from compounds in a general way. $ A little bit of compound is easier to dissolve than a multi-point compound. If the temperature during the mixing operation increases above the clearing point of the Wang Yao component, complete dissolution can be easily observed. However, the media according to the present invention can also be prepared in other ways, for example, 2 using a premix. The pre-mixtures that can be used here are, in particular, w-type mixtures and / or eutectic mixtures. However, the premix is already suitable for the medium itself. This applies to so-called two-bottle or multi-bottle systems. In this patent application, the following applies, unless specifically stated otherwise. The positive dielectric compound has a value of &gt; 1.5, the neutral dielectric compound has a value of -1.5 $, and the negative dielectric compound has a value of &lt; _1.5, Δε. The same definition applies to the components of a mixture. The dielectric anisotropy of the compound is tied! The values in kilohertz (kHz) and 20 ° C are obtained by extrapolating the values from a solution containing 10% of the individual compounds in the main mixture to a solution containing 100% of the individual mixtures. In cells with homeotropic edge alignment and cells with homogenous edge alignment, the capacitance of the test mixture is determined. The layer thickness of the two unit types is approximately 20 μm (# m). This measurement is performed using a square wave with 1 kilohertz (kHz) and an effective voltage (root mean square, 87586 -64- 200408865 rms) which is usually 0.1 volts (V) or from 0.2 volts to 1.0 volts. In each case, the voltage used is lower than the critical capacitance value of the mixture to be studied in each case. For positive dielectric compounds, the mixture ZLI-4792 is used as the main mixture, and for neutral and negative dielectric compounds, the mixture ZLI-3086 is used as the main mixture, both of which are from Merck KGaA in Germany. In this patent application, the term critical voltage means an optical critical value and indicates a relative contrast of 10% (V10). The mid-grey voltage and the saturation voltage are also determined optically, and they indicate a relative contrast of 50% and 90%, respectively. If it refers to the capacitance threshold voltage (VG), also known as the Freedericks threshold, it will be clearly stated. The indicated numerical ranges include the limit values. Concentrations are expressed in weight percent and are based on complete mixing. Temperature is expressed in degrees Celsius, and temperature difference is the difference in degrees Celsius. All physical properties are determined in the book "Merck Liquid Crystals, Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals" issued by Merck KGaA, Germany, in November 1997, and the temperature indicated is 20 ° C. Optical anisotropy (An), also known as birefringence, is determined at a wavelength of 589.3 nanometers (nm). The dielectric anisotropy (Δε) is determined at a frequency of 1 kilohertz (kHz). In a series of possible choices that only indicate the plural, there is also the meaning of the singular. Together with the details of the composition of the media, "include" means the concentration of the individual materials in the reference unit mentioned, preferably 10% or more, with 20% or more being preferred, and 30% Or better, the reference unit here is the media or compound, 87586 -65- 200408865 and the individual material is the component of the compound, "consisting mainly of" means the concentration of the material in the reference unit, preferably 50 % Or more, with 60% or more being better, and 70% or more being the best, and "consisting essentially of" means the concentration of the material in the reference unit, preferably 80% or More, 90% or more is preferred, and 95% or more is most preferred. The dielectric properties, optoelectronic properties (for example, critical voltage) and response time are determined in a test cell manufactured by Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. The test cell that determines Δε has a layer thickness of 22 micrometers (m), and the circular electrode of indium tin oxide (ITO) has an area of M3 square centimeter (cm2) and a guard ring. In order to determine the same-direction arrangement of ε, the alignment layer of polyfluorene imide having the same-direction arrangement is used. Alternatively, a lecithin (Merck 仏 ⑷ 仏 ⑷ _ arranging medium can be used. The unit of ε ε 丄 has an alignment layer of polyimide AL_1054 of Japan Synthetic Rubber. The capacitor is usually used. The Solatron 1260 frequency analyzer is measured with square wave and effective voltage of 0. 3 volts. The photoelectric analysis is performed with white light. The characteristic voltage is determined by vertical observation. In the example, the structure of the chemical compound is represented by an abbreviation. The meaning of the individual abbreviations is shown in Tables A and B below. Atoms. Table B is self-evident, because: in each case, it indicates the abbreviation of the molecular formula of the homogeneous compound. In Table A ', there are only abbreviations showing the core structure of the compound. As shown in the table below, each 87586 200408865 Abbreviations for individual compounds, consisting of the appropriate abbreviations for these compound cores, and the abbreviations for the groups R1, R2, L1, and L2 appended with a dash. 0

R1, R2, L1 and L2 abbreviations R1 R2 L1 L2 nm CnH2n + l CmH2m + l HH nOm CnH2n + l OCmH2m + l HH nO.m OCnH2n + l CmH2m + l HH η CnH2n + l CN HH nN.F C l CN HF nN.FF CnH2n + l CN FF nON.FF 〇CnH2n + i CN FF nOF OCnH2n + l FHH nCl CnH2n + l Cl HH nCl.F CnH ^ n + l Cl HF nCl.FF CnH2n + l Cl FF nF CnH2n + l FHH nF.F CnH2n + l FHF nF.FF CnH2n + l FFF NmF CnH2n + l FH nCF3 CnH2n + i cf3 HH nOCF3 CnH2n + i 〇cf3 HH nOCF3_F CnH2n + HF OCF cf3 FF 87586 -67 200408865 nOCF2 CnH2n + l nOCF2.F CnH2n + l nOCF2.FF CnH2n-fl nS CnH2n + l nS.F CnH2n + i nS.FF CnH2n + i rYsN CrH2r + 1-CH-CH rHs + l-〇-CsH2S nAm CnH2n + i

ochf2 H H ochf2 H F ochf2 F F NCS H H NCS H F NCS F F CN H H

CN H H COOCmH2m + i H H

❿ 87586 -68- 200408865 Table A:

BCH

CCP

CPTP L1

R 1 —c2h4 — (^) — c three c— &lt; ^ oy ~ R2 ^ L2

CEPTP

D 87586 -69- 200408865

Rl

— CH2CH2 -Qy ~ coo

R

EHP

87586 -70- 200408865 Table B:

F F F F

CnH2n + r (〇)

0 CrnH2m + 1 CnH2n + r (°)-&lt;, 0 〇-C m ^ 2m + 1 PY-n (0) -0m

PCH-n (0) mFF

F F F F cnH2n + r (〇 &gt; ~ &lt; ^ y ^^ 〇_CmH2m + i YY-n (0) -0m •,-;. /-!

F F F F CH2 = CH-CnH2n- (〇) 〇-CmH2m-CH = CH2

YY-Vn (0) -0mV

F F

CCP-n (0) mFF

F F

CnH2nTT 0 &gt; ~ &lt; ^-(〇) -CmH2m + 1 CPY-n (0) -rh 87586 -71-200408865

CnH2n ~

.F F F F (〇) -CmH2m + 1 CYY-n- (0) m

2m + 1

CnH 2n + 1 〇

F F

(〇) -CmH2m + 1

F F

〇 V-c = c ^ 〇 V- (0) -CmH

CPTP-n (0) mFF

CnH2n +

〇 h-x

CGP-n-X (X = particularly F, Cl, CN, NCS)

CnH2n + 1

F F 〇) — (〇

Inm

C H 2n + 1

F

CGU-n-X (X = particularly F, Cl, CN, NCS) 87586 -72- 200408865

CH

C2H5-CH-CH2—O CB15

CnH2nf1

2m + 1 ^ n ^ 2n + 1 CmH2m + 1

ECBC-nm

CN h2g = ch — ~ ¢ 7)-

CP-V-N 87586 -73- 200408865

_2m + 1 0) ~ (〇 V-C H 2m + 1

H2C = CH

CPP-V-m

C H 2n + 1

If

CPP-nV-m

'~ (^) ~ CmH2m + 1 h2c CPP-V2-m

HX = CH

CnH2n + 1 CCP-V-m

If

CmH2 2m + 1 CCP-nV-m

CnH2n + 1— &lt; ^)-CH20H2— &lt; ^ &gt; ~ CN G3n 87586 -74- 200408865

M3 η

Ο V—CN PVG-n-S 87586 -75 200408865

PVG-nO-S

F

UPP-n-S

CPU-n-S

CGU-n-S 87586 • 76- 200408865

F

cn ^ r \ ^ 〇 three

PTG-n-S F CnH2- ^ r \ O ')-C =

PTU s

CnH2n + 1— \ O) ~ (〇) —CH = CH ~ (〇 V-NCS PPVP-n-S

CnH2n + 1— (〇

PPVG-n-S

CnH 2n + 1 〇

F

F

PPVU-n-S

F

CnH2n + r (〇)-\ 〇) -C = C— (0 &gt; -CN PTG-n (0) -N 87586 -77- 200408865

PTU-n (0) -N

F

GZU-n (0) -N

UZU-n (0) -N

co—〇 GZU-nA-N 87586 -78- 200408865

C〇〇〇 UZU-nA-N

CN F 10

CnH2n + 1-&lt; 〇

F F

UVZG-n-N 15

CnH2n + 1— &lt; 〇

PWZU-3-N 20

25

CUZU-n-N

30

CCZU-n-F 87586 -79- 200408865

F F

CnH2n + 1— &lt; Ο

PGU Pu F

F

UM-n-N

F

DU-n-N

CnH2n + f -CH two CH.

CC-n-V

CnH2n + f -C = 〇-〇mH2m + 1 CC-n-Vm

^ n ^ 2n + 1 87586 -80- 200408865

〇, I B (OC) 2C * H-C ^ 3 or R-5011 / S-5011 ο- n-C3H7

CnH2n + 1

CnH2n + i

◦Λη + 1,

^ n ^ 2n + 1

^ n ^ 2n + 1 6〇2C * H-CC-n

^ n ^ 2n + 1 87586 -81-200408865

CnH2n + 1

O ^ 〇-CnH plus V (nOPZ) 2X *

H W〆0—O ^ C〇〇 '* O ^ CC ^ 〇 〇〇C _ ^^-〇-CnH2n + 1 (nOPZPZ) 2X *

^ n ^ 2n + 1 SS- (nCPZ) 2BE

CnH; 2n + 1 RR- (nCPZ) 2BE C2H5-CH-GH2〇— (0) ~ (0) -CN CH. C 15 87586 -82- 200408865

c2h5-ch-ch2—〇 CH3 ♦ CB 15

R-811 / S-811

CcH

H c5h11—h &gt; ~ (o ycoo R-1011 / S-1011

CH c3h7〇, c6H13

V R-2011 / S-2011 87586

F F

R-3011 / S-3011

R-4011 / S-4011 -83-200408865

CM 44

Pm ^ 2m + 1 O 1 F cnH2n + r〇- &lt; 〇 〇, f CmH2m + 1

F

P (m) UQU-n-F

CmH2 O F * 2m + 1

CmH 2m + 1

F

P 《m) UQU-n-CI

CnH2n + r ° ~ ^ 0

〇 \ F

CmH 2m + 1

P (m) UQU-n- (0) T 87586 -84- 200408865 / CmH 〇 / ^ 2m + l

P (m) UQU &gt; n-SF5 〇 / CnnH2m + 1

F

Intermediate media according to this patent application should preferably include -4 or more compounds, of which 6 or more is preferred, selected from the group consisting of compounds of Table B, and / or with -5 or more Multiple compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds of Table B, -2 or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds of Table A. EXAMPLES The examples described below illustrate the invention without limiting it in any way. In addition, it also shows to those skilled in the art that the combination of sex, quality and properties that can be obtained by the present invention. Comparative Example An intermediate type mixture having the following composition was prepared. 87586 -85-200408865 Compound / abbreviation concentration / weight percentage UZU-3A-N 12.0 UZU-5A-N 12.0 GZU-3A-N 12.0 GZU-4A-N 11.0 GZU-40-N 10.0 UVZG-3-N 10.0 CUZU- 2-N 10.0 CUZU-3-N 10.0 CUZU-4-N 10.0 HP-5N.F 3.0 Σ 100.0 This mixture has the following properties: Clearance point (T (N, I)) / ° c: 23.7 ne (2〇 C '589.3 nm (nm)): 1.6187 Δ n (2 (TC, 589.3 nm): 0.0925 The liquid crystal mixture of patent application DE 1 〇 2 172 73 · 0 was introduced into the test unit' and at 24 ° C. Temperature, and analyze its photoelectric properties. As shown in Figure 1, the test unit used has electrodes on only one of the two substrates. A photoelectric test unit with an optical switching element is prepared, where the optical switching element contains a liquid crystal mixture. The substrate system Consists of glass. Uses a substrate without an alignment layer. The electrode structure consists of comb-shaped electrodes that engage each other. The electrodes are separated from each other by 20 microns (// m), and the width of the electrodes is 10 microns. The layer thickness of the electrodes is 60 microns. All electrodes are on the same plane 87586-86-200408865. The layer thickness is 6.8 microns. The first polarizer is used on the front of the unit, and the second polarizer is used as the analyzer on the back of the unit. The absorption axes of the two polarizers form a 90-degree angle with each other. The maximum absorption axis of the polarizer and the display The angle between the electric field components on the plane is 45 degrees. The DMS 703 photoelectric measuring station of Autronic-Melchers, Karlsruhe, Germany, is used to determine the voltage / transmission characteristic line. The operating temperature is 24.0 ° C. On vertical observation, a dual electric field control is obtained. The curve of a typical unit of refraction (for example, ECB). The value of the critical voltage (V1G) is 40.5 volts (V), the mid-grey voltage: the value is 56 volts (V50), and the saturation voltage ( The value of V9G) is 65 volts (V). At 73 volts (V), the maximum contrast is reached. At 80 volts and 90 volts, the relative contrast drops back to 90% and 50%, respectively. These results are also shown in In the table below: Table 2: Comparison of characteristic voltage examples 1 1 2 3 Electrode structure Electrode type according to the drawing 1 1 7 8 Separate // m 20 10 10 10 Width / # m 10 5 5 5 Relative comparison of characteristic lines / % Voltage / volt ( V) 0 0 0 0 0 10 40.5 26.5 25 21 50 56 38 33.5 29 90 65 46 41 35 100 73 51 45 37.5 90 80 60 n.d. 41 50 90 n.d. n.d. 47 87586 -87- 200408865 Note: n.d .: Not determined. Due to the strong temperature dependence of Fang, Teyu, and Yuanzhi, the measurement accuracy here is only +/- 3 Volts (V). Example 1 According to the teachings of this patent application, a mixture of comparative examples was introduced into a test cell and its photoelectric characteristics were also at 24 ° C. The temperature is determined. The test cell has the same structure as the user of the comparative real estate, but the separation between the enveloping poles here is 10 micrometers (from m), and the electrode width is 5 micrometers. With this 10,000 formula, the unit is 10% relative contrast at 26 · 5 volts (V), 50% relative contrast at 38 volts, and ^ at 46 volts. A 90% relative comparison was reached. Maximum contrast is reached at 51 volts. At a voltage of 60 volts, the eye-to-eye contrast dropped back to 90%. These results are shown in Table 2 compared to those of the comparative examples. It can be seen from this table that all the characteristic voltages of the liquid crystal switching element of Example 1 are lower than the characteristic voltages in the comparative embodiment. For the first 4 values, the average reduction is about 31%. Example 2 The comparative example and the mixture used in Example 1 were introduced into a test unit according to another specific embodiment, and this specific implementation is based on the teaching of this patent application, and its photoelectric characteristics are also at 24 ° C. make decision. The test unit has a structure as shown in FIG. As in the unit used in Example 丨, the separation between the electrodes is 10 micrometers (#m) and the electrode width is 5 micrometers. Delicious here on the electrode table. It has a layer with a thickness of 15 microns and is composed of a substrate material 87586 -88- 200408865. The unit obtained in this way achieves a relative contrast of | 10% at a voltage of 25 volts (V), reaches a relative value of 50% at 33.5 volts = to and reaches 90 at 41 volts % Relative comparison. Maximum contrast is reached at 45 volts. These results are also shown in Table 2. ^

It can be seen from this table that all the characteristic voltages of the liquid crystal switching element of Example 2 are again significantly lower than the characteristic voltages of Example 丨. Compared to those of Comparative Example 1, the corresponding values were reduced by an average of about 40% (38%). J Example 3 will be used in the comparison of the comparative example with the above examples 丨 and 2 and introduced into a test unit according to a further specific embodiment, wherein the further specific embodiment is based on the teaching of this patent application, and its photoelectric characteristics are the same It is determined at a temperature of 24 ° C. As shown in FIG. 8, the test unit has electrode pairs on both sides of the substrate. The electrodes that are directly opposite on the two substrates are connected to each other in a conductive manner, or the same potential is applied to these electrodes. As in Examples 1 and 2, the separation between the electrodes was 10 microns, and the electrode width was 5 microns. The unit obtained by this method reached a relative contrast of 10% at a voltage of 2 volts, a relative contrast of 50% at 29 volts, and a relative contrast of 90% at 35 volts. Maximum contrast was reached at 37.5 v. At 41 volts (卩) and 47 volts, the relative contrast drops back to 90% and 50%, respectively. These results are also shown in Table 2. «This table shows that all characteristic voltages P C ν of the liquid crystal switching element of Example 2 are reduced. Compared to those of the comparative example, the numbers 87586-89-200408865 decreased by about 48% on average, so the values were only half as large as those of the comparative example. Example 4 A liquid crystal mixture having the following composition was prepared. Compound / abbreviation concentration /% by weight ME2N.F 3.0 ME3N.F 3.0 ME4N.F 8.0 ME5N.F 8.0 UM-3-N 4.0 PTG-3-N 8.0 PTG-5-N 8.0 PTU-40-N 8.0 PU-3 -AN 8.0 PU-5-AN 8.0 PGU-2-F 10.0 PGU-3-F 10.0 PGU-5-F 10.0 HP-3N.F 4.0 Σ 100.0 This mixture has the following properties: Clearance point (T (N, I )) / ° C: 23.8 ne (20 ° C, 589.3 nanometers (nm)): 1.6971 △ n (20 ° C, 589.3 nanometers): 0 · 1441 87586 -90- 200408865 ε N (20 ° C, 1 kilohertz (kHz)): 47.4 Δ ε (20 ° C, 1 kilohertz (kHz)): 27.3 As in Example 3, a photoelectric display was manufactured and its characteristic line was measured. The temperature is 24.0 degrees Celsius. . The value of the threshold voltage (V10) is 22 volts (V), the value of the intermediate gray voltage (^ 50) is 35.5 volts (¥), and the saturation voltage (乂 90) is 44.5 volts (\ 〇. Example preparation has the following Liquid crystal mixture of components. Compound / condensation concentration / weight percent UM-3-N 10.0 PYP-3N.FF 15.0 HP-3N.F 10.0 CUZU-2-N 10.0 CUZU-3-N 10.0 UVZG-3-N 10.0 GZU-40-N 10.0 GZU-4-N 1.0 GZU-3A-N 12.0 UZU-3A-N 12.0 Σ 100.0 This mixture has the following properties. Clearance point (T (N, I)) / t: 24.8 ne (21 ° C, 589.3 nanometers (nm)): 1.6372 △ n (21 ° C, 589.3 nanometers): 0.1122 The photovoltaic display was manufactured as in Example 3 and its characteristic line was measured. The temperature was 87586-91-200408865 26 · 5 °. The characteristic line starts with a relatively strong low voltage of 0% and rises with increasing voltage. The value of the threshold voltage (V10) is 18 volts (V), and the value of the middle gray voltage (V ^) is 28 volts (V ), And the saturation voltage (V9 ()) is 34 volts (V). The maximum strength is reached at a voltage of 37 volts (V). Example 6 A liquid crystal mixture having the following composition was prepared. Compound / Abbreviation concentration /% by weight UM-3-N 10.0 GZU-3 AN 10.0 UVZG-3-N 10.0 PWZU-3-N 7.0 PU-3-AN 16.0 PU-5-AN 16.0 PTG-3-N 15.0 PTU-40 -N 15.0 HP-3N.F 1.0 Σ 100.0 This mixture has the following properties: Clearance point (T (N, I)) / t: 22.9 ne (! 9C '589.3 nm (nm)): 1.7298 △ n ( 19 ° C, 589.3 nm): 0.1765 As in Example 3, a photovoltaic display was manufactured and its characteristic line was measured. The temperature at which the measurement was performed was 23.1 ° C. The value of the threshold voltage (V1 (}) was 16.5 volts (V), The middle gray voltage (v50) has a value of 87586 -92- 200408865 of 28 volts (V) and the saturation voltage (V90) is 3 1.5 volts (V). The maximum relative contrast is at 34 volts (V) ° Example 7 A liquid crystal mixture having the following composition was prepared: Compound / abbreviation concentration / weight percent CGU-2-F 11.0 CGU-3-F 11.0 CGU-5-F 10.0 BCH-3F.FF 18.0 BCH-5F.FF 14.0 PGU-2- F 11.0 PGU-3-F 11.0 PGU-5-F 11.0 BCH-32 3.0 Σ 100.0 This mixture has the following properties: Clearance point (T (N, I)) / ° C: 23.5 ne (2〇C '589.3 na Meter (nm)): 1.6138 △ n (20 ° C, 589.3 nm): 0. 0854 ε n (20 ° C, 1 kilohertz (kHz)): 16.5 △ ε (20 C '1 kilohertz (kHz)): 9.1 Example 8 Preparation has the following Composition of liquid crystal mixture. Compound / abbreviation concentration /% by weight 87586 -93-200408865 ME2N.F 10.0 UM-3-N 8.5 PTG-5-N 15.0 PTG-3-N 15.0 PU-3-AN 15.0 PU-5-AN 15.0 PTU-40- N 15.0 HP-3N.F 6.5 Σ 100.0 This mixture has the following properties: Clearance point (T (N, I)) / ° C: 29.6 ne (20 ° C, 589.3 nm (nm)): 1.7549 △ n ( 20 ° C, 589_3 nm): 0.2092 ε ^ (20 ^ :, 1 kilohertz (kHz)): 59.2 △ ε (20 ° C, 1 kilohertz (kHz)): 42.9

Example 9 A liquid crystal mixture having the following composition was prepared. Compound / abbreviation concentration /% by weight UM-3-N 8.0 GZU-3A-N 8.0 UVZG-3-N 8.0 PWZU-3-N 10.0 PYP-40N.FF 6.0 PU-3-AN 15.0 87586 -94- 200408865 PU- 5-AN 15.0 PTG-3-N 15.0 PTU-40-N 15.0 Σ 100.0 This media has a clearing point of 21 ° C. Example 10 A liquid crystal mixture having the following composition was prepared. Compound / abbreviation concentration /% by weight PTG-3-N 15.0 PTG-5-N 15.0 PTU-40-N 15.0 PU-5-AN 9.0 PGU-5-F 14.0 HP-3N.F 7.0 HP-5N.F 8.0 DU -2-N 15.0 PCH-3N.FF 2.0 Σ 100.0 This mixture has the following properties: Clearance point (T (N, I)) / ° C: 24.2 ne (20 ° C, 589.3 nm (nm)) ·· 1.6857 △ n (20 ° C, 589.3 nm): 0 · 1405 ε ^ (201, 1 kilohertz (kHz)): 45.8 △ ε (20 ° C, 1 kilohertz (kHz)): 27.8

87586 -95- 200408865 Example 11 A liquid crystal mixture having the following composition was prepared. Compound / abbreviation concentration /% by weight CCP-2F.FF 10.0 CCP-3F.FF 10.0 CCP-5F.FF 10.0 ME2N.F 10.0 ME3N.F 10.0 ME4N.F 7.0 ME5N.F 15.0 DU-2-N 6.0 PCH-5N .FF 2.0 UM-3-N 10.0 HP-3N.F 10.0 Σ 100.0 This mixture has the following properties: Clearance point (T (N, I)) / ° C: 30.1 ne (20 ° C, 589.3 nm) (Nm)) · 1.6095 △ n (20 ° C, 589_3 nanometers): 0 · 1035 ε 丨 l (20 ° C, 1 kilohertz (kHz)): 62.6 △ ε (20 ° C, 1 kilohertz ( kHz)): 45.9 Example 12 A liquid crystal mixture having the following composition was prepared. Compound / abbreviation concentration / weight percent 87586 -96- 200408865 UM-3-N 6.0 GZU-3A-N 10.0 UVZG-3-N 12.0 PWZU-3-N 10.0 PU-3-AN 15.0 PU-5-AN 15.0 PTG- 3-N 15.0 PTU-40-N 15.0 HP-3N.F 2.0 Σ 100.0 This mixture has the following properties:

Δ ε (20 ° C, 1 kilohertz (kHz)) &gt; 0 Example 13 A liquid crystal mixture having the following composition was prepared. Compound / abbreviation Concentration / weight percent

CGU-2-F 11.0 CGU-3-F 11.0 CGU-5-F 10.0 BCH-3F.FF 16.0 BCH-5F.FF 14.0 PGU-2-F 10.0 PGU-3-F 10.0 PGU-5-F 9.0 PCH- 7F 9.0 87586 -97- 200408865 Σ 100.0 This mixture has the following properties: Clearance point (T (N, I)) / ° C: 11.5 △ ε (20 ° C, 1 kilohertz (kHz)) &gt; 0 Example 14 A liquid crystal mixture having the following composition was prepared. Compound / abbreviation concentration /% by weight CGU-2-F 12.0 CGU-3-F 12.0 CGU-5-F 11.0 BCH-3F.FF 18.0 BCH-5F.FF 14.0 PGU-2-F 11.0 PGU-3-F 11.0 PGU -5-F 11.0 Σ 100.0 This mixture has the following properties: Clearance point (T (N, I)) / ° C: 15.5 Δ ε (20 ° C, 1 kilohertz (kHz)) &gt; 0 Example 1 5 Preparation A liquid crystal mixture having the following components. Compound / abbreviation concentration /% by weight ME2N.F 3.0 ME3N.F 3.0 87586 -98- 200408865 ME4N.F 5.0 ME5N.F 3.0 UM-3-N 4.0 PTG-3-N 8.0 PTG-5-N 8.0 PTU-40- N 7.0 PU-3-AN 8.0 PU-5-AN 8.0 PGU-2-F 10.0 PGU-3-F 10.0 PGU-5-F 10.0 HP-3N.F 4.0 HP-4N.F 5.0 HP-5N.F 4.0 Σ 100.0

This mixture has the following properties: Clearance point (T (N, I)) / ° C: 42.3 Δ ε (20 ° C, 1 kilohertz (kHz)) &gt; 0 Example 16 6 Preparation of a liquid crystal mixture having the following composition . Compound / abbreviation concentration /% by weight ME2N.F 3.0 ME3N.F 3.0 ME4N.F 8.0 87586 -99- 200408865 ME5N.F 9.0 UM-3-N 4.0 PTG-3-N 9.0 PTG-5-N 8.0 PTU-40- N 8.0 PU-3-AN 9.0 PU-5-AN 9.0 PGU-2-F 10.0 PGU-3-F 10.0 PGU-5-F 10.0 Σ 100.0

This mixture has the following properties: Clearance point (T (N, I)) / ° C: 16.0 Δ ε (2 (TC, 1 kilohertz (kHz))) &gt; 0 Example 1 7

A liquid crystal mixture having the following composition was prepared. Compound / abbreviation concentration /% by weight YY-2-02 8.0 YY-3-02 8.0 YY-40-04 10.0 YY-V10-01V 8.0 PY-3-02 15.0 PY-1-02 11.0 CYY-3-02 10.0 87586 -100- 200408865 CYY-5-02 PTP-302FF PTP-502FF Σ This mixture has the following properties: △ ε (20 ° C, 1 kilohertz (kHz)) &lt; 0 Example 1 8 10.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 Preparation has the following Composition of liquid crystal mixture. Compound / abbreviation concentration /% by weight YY-2-02 8.0 YY-3-02 8.0 YY-30-02 6.0 YY-40-04 6.0 YY-V10-01V 6.0 PY-3-02 9.0 PY-1-02 12.0 CYY -3-02 9.0 CYY-5-02 9.0 PTP-302FF 10.0 PTP-502FF 10.0 CPY-3-02 5.0 CCYY-2-02 2.0 Σ 100.0 This mixture has the following properties:

87586 -101-200408865 Δe (20 ° C, 1 kilohertz (kHz)) &lt; 0 Example 19 A liquid crystal mixture having the following composition was prepared. Compound / abbreviation concentration /% by weight PYP-5F 25.0 PCH-32 16.5 PCH-301 15.0 PCH-302 1 1.3 BCH-32 14.3 BCH-52 10.5 CBC-33 3.7 CBC-53 3.7 Σ 100.0 This mixture has the following properties: Clear Point (T (N, I)) / ° C · 41.0 ne (20 ° C, 589.3 nm): 1.6157 △ n (20 ° C, 589.3 nm): 0.1066 ε 丨 丨 (2 (TC , 1 kilohertz (kHz)): 5.7 Δ ε (20 ° C, 1 kilohertz (kHz)): 2.4 Example 20 A liquid crystal mixture having the following composition was prepared. Compound / abbreviation concentration / weight percent PCH-5F 14.6 PCH- 6F 12.9 102 · 87586 200408865 PCH-7F PTP-20F PTP-40F PTP-60F Σ This mixture has the following properties 12.5 15.2 19.1 25.7 100.0 Clearance point (T (N, I)) / ° C: 27.0 ne (2 (TC , 5 89.3 nanometers (nm)): 1.6470 Δ n (20 ° C, 589.3 nanometers): 0.1350 ε 丨 (2 (TC, 1 kilohertz (kHz)): 7.4 Δ ε (20 ° C, 1,000 Hertz (kHz)): 3.6 k1 (20 ° C) / pN: 5.7 k2 (20 ° C) / pN: 3.1 k3 (20〇C) / pN: 6.3

Example 21 Preparation of a liquid crystal mixture having the following components

Compound / abbreviation CCP-2F.FF CCP-20CF3 CCP-30CF3 CCP-40CF3 PCH-3 Κ9 BCH-3F.FF Concentration / weight percent 4.0 4.0 5.0 2.0 6.0 4.0 12.0 87586 -103 200408865 CGU-2-F 10.0 CGU-3 -F 6.0 CCZU-2-F 5.0 CCZU-3-F 16.0 CCZU-5-F 5.0 CC-5-V 2.0 CCP-V-1 10.0 CC-3-V1 9.0 Σ 100.0 This mixture has the following properties: Clear point (T (N, I)) / t: 30.0 ne (20 ° C, 589.3 nanometers (nm)): 1.5856 △ n (20 ° C, 589.3 nanometers): 0.1007 ε ^ (20 ^: ,, 1 kilohertz (kHz)): 14.5 Δ ε (20 ° C, 1 kilohertz (kHz)): 10.6 Example 22 A liquid crystal mixture having the following composition was prepared. Compound / Abbreviation PCH-5 PCH-302 PCH-304 K15 Σ Concentration / weight percent 19.0 31.0 31.0 19.0 100.0 This mixture has the following properties: 87586 -104- 200408865 Purge point (T (N, I)) / ° C: 33.0 ne (20 ° C, 589.3 nanometers (nm)): 1.6010 △ n (20 ° C, 589.3 nanometers): 0.1100 ε 丨 (20 ° (:, 1 kilohertz (kHz)): 9.5 △ ε (20 ° C, 1 kilohertz (kHz)): 4.9 Example 23 A liquid crystal mixture having the following composition was prepared. Compound / abbreviation concentration / weight percent PCH-302FF 26.0 PCH-502FF 26.0 CCP-V-1 15.0 CC-5-V 19.0 8.0 6.0 100.0 CCH-35 BCH-32 Σ This mixture has the following properties: Clearance point (T (N, I)) / ° C: 50.0 △ ε (20 ° C, 1 kilohertz (kHz)) &lt; 0 Example 24 Prepare a liquid crystal mixture with the following components: Compound / abbreviation concentration / weight percent PCH-302FF 26.0 PCH-502FF 26.0 CCP-V-1 13.0 105-87586 200408865 CC-5-V 16.0 CCH-35 5.0 BCH-32 9.0 CCP -21FF 3.0 PCH-301 Σ 100.0 This mixture has the following properties: 50.01.5640 0.0821 3.9 -2.9 ne (20 ° C '589.3 nm (nm)): △ n (20 ° C, 589.3 nm): ε n (20 ° C, 1 kilohertz (kHz)): △ ε (20 ° C, 1 kilohertz (kHz)): 7 i (20 ° C) / mPa -s:? 2 As described in Examples 1 to 3, according to the present compound, a test unit was introduced: "Teach the element of Example 4 &lt; the photoconversion element, and the light modulation described in these three specific examples The goodness of the element, especially when compared with a light modulating element having a corresponding conventional electrode structure, has a similar and significant reduction in its characteristic voltage (compared with a comparative "..." comparison with Example 25

A liquid crystal mixture having the following compounds / abbreviations GZU-3A-N was prepared. Concentration / weight percent 15.0 GZU-4A-N, c Λ 87586 -106-

GZU-30-N! 5.〇 8.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 6.0 6.0! 〇〇.0

UZU-3A-N

CUZP-2N.F.F

CUZP-3N.F.F

CUZP-4N.F.F

HP-3N.F

HP-4N.F

HP-5N.F Σ This mixture has the following properties: Clearance point (T (N, I)) / ° C: 56 8 This comparative example, the first, the first, and the analysis, and the analysis The unit has the electrode separation of the introduction of the standard test unit (micron Um), and the results are shown in Table 3 from the electrode width and the electrode width. The teaching of Example 25, μ 之 + profit-seeking application, the liquid crystal mixture of Example 25a, &quot; knowledge is better than the previous test. The obtained light modulation, the good properties of the light modulation element described in a specific example, and as described in Sanhui You 1 &quot; and Soil 3, it has the same ratio as that of Comparative Example 2 5a. improve. Two C25 table exemplified example electrode structure

87586 25 7 C26 26 '107- 7 200408865 Type separation / micron (// m) 10 10 10 10 Width / micron (// m) 10 5 10 5 Physical parameter T (N? I) / ° C 56.8 ndndnd Tchar. / ° C 60 ndndnd Ttrans. / ° C ndnd 18.1 16.5 T (BP, I) / 〇C ndnd 25,7 26.5 Characteristic electrical area TT (N, I) / ° V7〇 / V Vioo / V 0.5 ndnd 39 27 1.0 76 nd 40 28 1.5 84 ndndnd 2.0 92 nd 42 31 2.5 100 ndndnd 3.0 107 nd 43 33 4.0 121 nd 45 34 5.0 135 nd 46 35 6.0 ndnd 46.5 36.5 Temperature dependent V7〇 (Tchar + 2 °) / V 92 ndndnd dV70 / dT / V / Angle 15 ndndnd dV * 70 / dT /% / Angle 17 ndndnd 87586 -108- 200408865 vioo (Tchar. + 2〇) / V ndnd 42 +/- 2§ 31 +/- 38 dV1 () () / dT / V / Angle ndnd 1.5 +/- 1§ 2 +/- 2§ dV + 100 / dT /% / Angle ndnd 4 +/- 3 § 8 +/- 5§ Note ·· See Table 1. dVx / dT: [(V70 (Tchar + 2.5o) -Vx (Tchar + 1.5〇)) / l. ] dV * 7〇 / dT: [(Vx (Tchar + 2.5o) -V70 (Tchar + 1.5o) ^ · 1 °)] §: Ttrans. is used here instead of Tchar. Example 26 Two compounds B ( OC) 2C * HC-3 (= palmar dopant R-5011) and P (m) UQU-nF, each 5%, were added to the liquid crystal mixture of Example 25, where the liquid crystal mixture accounted for 90.0%. According to the teaching of the present invention, as in Examples 1 to 3, the mixture is introduced into a test unit and analyzed with a standard test unit for its properties, especially its phase behavior and its optoelectronic properties. As found in the standard cell, Tt_s = i8 rc, Ttrans = 165 ^ found in the unit of the present invention. Table 3 shows the results of TF including photoelectric characteristics. [Brief description of the figure] This figure shows the switching element or #; Each other = two changes "⑺ is located on the inner surface of the substrate ⑴ and (1,) (4), ...: ^ position, which can be applied to the two handles of the electrode structure (3, (4) where the electrode structure is located inside the substrate ⑴- (3 'electric charge or current source. Lines from ~ symbolize electricity :: voltage feed of 87586 200408865 (electric feed lines) 〇 Figure 2 to Figure 6: These diagrams schematically show the switching elements according to the present invention The structural cross-sections of 5 different specific embodiments, the middle piece has a protruded electrode. In Figure 2, the electrode has a design similar to the embodiment with limbs described in the figure. The electrode (3) and ( 4) It has a rectangular or almost rectangular cross section. However, the 'electrode has -thickness, which cannot be ignored compared with the thickness of the modulation layer [[d⑽, or compared with the thickness of the characteristic layer, for example , Its through reed has a thickness ranging from 0.3 micrometers (#m) to 5 micrometers. In FIG. 3, the poles (3) and ⑷ have a design similar to the specific embodiment described in FIG. 2. However, These electrodes extend beyond the entire thickness [d (2)] of the modulation layer (2). 'In Figure 4, the (3) and (4) again have a design similar to the specific embodiment depicted in Figure 2. However, the layer thicknesses of the electrodes (3) and (4) are not constant, but are related to the position. The electrodes have a triangular cross section. In FIG. 5, the electrodes (3) and (4) have a design similar to that of the specific embodiment depicted in FIG. 4, wherein the specific embodiment of FIG. 4 has a layer thickness depending on the position. These electrodes here Each one is composed of two layers (3) and (3,) and (4) · A (4), one of which is stacked on top of the other, and each of the upper layers (3) and (4) respectively cover the ratio The lower switching element areas corresponding to the lower layers (3) and (4) respectively. In FIG. 6, the electrodes (3) and (4) again have a design similar to the specific embodiment depicted in FIG. 2. However, The electrodes (3) and (4) here have a circular cross-section and are in the form of hollow conductors. 87586 -110- 200408865 Figure 7. This figure is a summary of the preferred embodiment of the specific embodiment of the non-switching element Structural cross section, according to the present invention. The electrodes here are similar to the specific embodiment described in FIG. However, the electrodes are not directly on the surface of the substrate, but on the solid insulation layers ⑺ and ⑷ with a specific thickness. For example, the thickness is usually [micron] (㈣ to 〖micron). A structural cross section showing a preferred embodiment of a switching element according to the present invention has an electrode structure, and the electrode structure is composed of two layers on one of the substrates. The electrodes here are designed so that the first -The electrode 电 on the first substrate ⑴, and the same electrode located on the 基板 -i &amp; / ,,, J, and the second electrode (3,) on the first substrate (1,). Similarly, the second electrode is applied to the electrode (4,) on the first substrate, and the second electrode is applied to the electrode (4,) on the second substrate. In each case, the electrode pairs ⑺ and (3,) and (4) and (4,) are opposite each other. Figure 9 to! 3: These figures schematically show the cross-sections of the structures of the various specific embodiments of the switching element according to the present invention, which are further detailed embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 9 shows a specific embodiment, which shows a combination of the specific embodiments described in FIGS. 7 and 8. Contrary to the specific embodiment depicted in FIG. 7, the protruding electric handle (3) is not only formed on the solid insulating layers (5) and (6) on the surface of the substrate. And 疋, 'the specific embodiment of the edge as depicted in Figure 8' electrodes (Qiao and ⑹ are formed on the opposite (substrate (1,) surface. Like the corresponding electrodes on the first substrate, these electrodes are insulated by solid state The layers (5,) and (6,) protrude from the surface 0,). In FIG. 10, the electrode has a design similar to the specific embodiment of the edge depicted in FIG. 7. However, as shown in FIG. In the specific embodiment, each of the electrodes 87586 111-200408865 is composed of = layers ⑺ and (3,), and ⑷ and (4,), and each pair has the same potential. However, the and figure The concrete structure shown in FIG. 8 is separated from the modulation layer (2) of the 4-state insulation layer, and is respectively fixed in FIG. U. The electrodes have a design similar to the specific embodiment shown in FIG. 10. However, as shown in FIG. The specific embodiment shown here is the first layer electrode structure (3) and rhenium, which are separated from the substrate (crying) with a solid insulating layer (5) and rhenium, respectively. As described in the specific embodiment , Two-layer electrode structures ⑺ and (3,) and ⑷ and (4,) which can apply the same potential, respectively, through a solid insulating layer (5 ) And (6,), to separate them from each other. In Figure 12, each electrode of the electrode structure is composed of four conductive layers (3), (4) to (4 ,,,). Composition. In each case, of these four layers = two layers are on the same substrate. Layers (3) and (3,), and (4) and (4,) are on a substrate with surface (1) And (3 ,,) and (3 ,,,), and (4 ,,) and (4 ,,,) are on a substrate having a surface (1,). Layers (3) and (4) or ( 3 ,,) and (4 ,,) adjoin the respective substrates (1) or (1,), which are separated by solid insulation layers (5) and (6) or (5,) and (6,) respectively. Similarly, , Located on the same substrates [(3) and 0,)] and [(4) and (4,)], and [(3 ”) and (3, '')] and [(4 ,,) and (4, ,,)] are separated from each other by the solid conductive layers (5,) and (6,) and (5 ",) and (6 '"). In FIG. 13, as shown in FIG. 12 In the specific embodiment shown, each electrode of the electrode structure is composed of four conductive layers (2) to (2 ,,,) or 3) to (3 ,,,). However, the conductive layers and insulating layers in different orders here extend to the entire layer thickness of the modulation layer. Therefore, the inner conductive layer pairs (2,) and (2, ,,) and (3,) and 87586 -112- 200408865 (3 '' ') are also separated from each other by solid insulating layers (5' '' ') and (6' '' '), respectively. [Figure Explanation of formula representative symbols] 1: Surface of the first substrate, Γ: Surface of the second substrate, 2: Modulation layer, 3 to 3 '' ': The first to fourth conductive layers of the electrode structure, on which the first 1 potential '4 to 4 ", · 1 to 4 conductive layers of the electrode structure, a second potential 5 to 5" "can be applied thereon: 1 to 5 solid-state insulating layers of the electrode structure, It separates the conductive layer of the electrode structure, and a first potential can be applied on the conductive layer, 6 to 6 '' '': The first to fifth solid-state insulating layers of the electrode structure separate the conductive layer of the electrode structure, and the top of the conductive layer A second potential can be applied: voltage, charge or current source. The line drawn from νορ indicates the conductive layer of the electrode structure to which the same potential is applied 0 87586 -113-

Claims (1)

200408865 Patent application park: 1 · A photoelectric light modulation element, including--a substrate or a plurality of substrates,-an electrode configuration,-at least one or a plurality of elements for polarization of light, and- A modulation medium, which is characterized in that-in an unaddressed state, the light modulation element is operated at a temperature at which the modulation medium is in an optically isotropic phase, and-the electrode configuration can generate an electric field, which has a significant parallel to The intermediate j modulates the surface component of the media, and the electrode configuration is designed in such a way as to meet at least one of the following four conditions: μ The conductive layer is next to another conductive layer in the plate of the modulation layer and has 20 microns (#M) or less, if one or more conductive layers are present, one or more of these electrode structure layers are raised, in each case the 'electrode structure includes two or more layers covering each other Connection, and there is a considerable distance here, one of the electrode structures or the upper layer in the respective underlying substrate is conductive at the same time, and the surfaces of each other are separated by a dielectric layer such as Complex is present, then a conductive layer, the conductive layer may be a multi-solid dielectric layer, away from the points. It is characterized in that this side 2. The electrode configuration of the light modulation element 87586 as in the scope of the patent application, such that-in the plane of the modulation layer, each other}, a mattress & conductive layer, each having 20 microns (// m) or less. 3. If the light, light, heart, and withered parts in the first patent application range are characterized, the electrode configuration is designed in such a way that when an isoelectric layer or a plurality of conductive layers are ... Multiple layers of these electrode structures are raised. 4. If the light modulation element of the scope of the patent application is β, it is characterized in that the electrode configuration is designed in such a way that the _ electrode has two or more layers connected to each other in a conductive manner. For example, the light modulating element of the scope of patent application is characterized in that-in each case, the individual layers of the electrodes are basically-with a dielectric substance, such as, for example, mesogenic modulation The variable media layer or part of the layer, or one or more solid dielectric layers, separates each other from their entire surface, has an equal area, and 6. The light modulating element of item (1) of the patent scope, It is characterized in that at least one of the conductive layers of the electrode arrangement is arranged on one of the substrates in a protruding manner. 7. If the scope of patent application is the first! The light modulation element of Xiang is characterized in that-at least the adjacent electrodes of the electrode structure are horizontally separated from each other by a layer of solid dielectric ta '. 8. — A kind of photoelectric display crying, and the sentence text 々, 上, 丁. Mouth eight packs of one or more light modulation elements according to patent application scope 87586 -2- 200408865. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. The optoelectronic display of item 8 of the patent scope is characterized in that the display is addressed by an active vehicle. An optoelectronic display system, Li Qu-Le, Wu, Ba. Or more photoelectric display according to item 8 of the scope of patent application. Target range The photoelectric display system, as described in the patent application, is characterized by being used as a TV screen, computer monitor, or both. According to the scope of the patent, the use of a smart light modulation element is used for information display. F is used for a photoelectric display system according to the scope of the patent application No. 8 jg j = 11 for the use of a photoelectric display system according to the scope of the patent application No. 10 for video # or digital signal display. 87586