TR200102318T2 - İkincil yeniden oluşturma işlemi ve yakıcı. - Google Patents

İkincil yeniden oluşturma işlemi ve yakıcı.

Info

Publication number
TR200102318T2
TR200102318T2 TR2001/02318T TR200102318T TR200102318T2 TR 200102318 T2 TR200102318 T2 TR 200102318T2 TR 2001/02318 T TR2001/02318 T TR 2001/02318T TR 200102318 T TR200102318 T TR 200102318T TR 200102318 T2 TR200102318 T2 TR 200102318T2
Authority
TR
Turkey
Prior art keywords
gas
hydrocarbons
supplied
combustion chamber
stream containing
Prior art date
Application number
TR2001/02318T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bedetti Gianfranco
Original Assignee
Casale Chemicals S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Casale Chemicals S.A. filed Critical Casale Chemicals S.A.
Publication of TR200102318T2 publication Critical patent/TR200102318T2/tr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/36—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
    • C01B3/363—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents characterised by the burner used
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0242—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly vertical
    • B01J8/025—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly vertical in a cylindrical shaped bed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0278—Feeding reactive fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0285—Heating or cooling the reactor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
    • C01B3/382—Multi-step processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/32—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid using a mixture of gaseous fuel and pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/48—Nozzles
    • F23D14/56—Nozzles for spreading the flame over an area, e.g. for desurfacing of solid material, for surface hardening, or for heating workpieces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/48—Nozzles
    • F23D14/58—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00477—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means
    • B01J2208/00495—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means using insulating materials or refractories
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00504—Controlling the temperature by means of a burner
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
    • C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
    • C01B2203/0244—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being an autothermal reforming step, e.g. secondary reforming processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
    • C01B2203/0816—Heating by flames
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
    • C01B2203/0822—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel the fuel containing hydrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0838—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by heat exchange with exothermic reactions, other than by combustion of fuel
    • C01B2203/0844—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by heat exchange with exothermic reactions, other than by combustion of fuel the non-combustive exothermic reaction being another reforming reaction as defined in groups C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/0294
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0866—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combination of different heating methods
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
    • C01B2203/1005—Arrangement or shape of catalyst
    • C01B2203/1011—Packed bed of catalytic structures, e.g. particles, packing elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1276—Mixing of different feed components
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/14—Details of the flowsheet
    • C01B2203/142—At least two reforming, decomposition or partial oxidation steps in series
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/80—Aspect of integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas not covered by groups C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/1695
    • C01B2203/82—Several process steps of C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/08 integrated into a single apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Abstract

Sentezleme gazinin üretiminde ikincil yeninden olusturma reaksiyonlarinin gerçeklestirildigi bir islem, burada oksijen içeren gaz akimi ve hidrokarbonlari içeren gaz akimi yanma odasinin içerisine verilmekte ve karistirilarak reaksiyona sokulmaktadirlar,böylece yeniden buhar olusturma reaksiyonunun gerçeklestirilmesi için katalitik yataga verilen, hidrojenden ve karbon monoksitten olusan gaz akimi elde edilmektedir,Söz konusu islem yandaki asamalardan ayirt edilmektedir:Oksijeni içeren gaz akiminin yanma odasina, hidrokarbonlardan olusan akimin yönü dikkate alindiginda birbirleri üzerinde yatmayan ve esit süratli uygun paralel akim borulari tarafindan olusturulmus çok sayidaki jetlerle verilmektedir.hidrokarbonlari içerisine dagitilmaktadirlar, böylece oksijen içeren gaz akimi hidrokarbonlari içeren gaz akimiyla yerel olarak sabit oranli miktarlarda karismaktadir.
TR2001/02318T 1999-02-10 2000-02-10 İkincil yeniden oluşturma işlemi ve yakıcı. TR200102318T2 (tr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99200369 1999-02-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
TR200102318T2 true TR200102318T2 (tr) 2002-01-21

Family

ID=8239876

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
TR2001/02318T TR200102318T2 (tr) 1999-02-10 2000-02-10 İkincil yeniden oluşturma işlemi ve yakıcı.

Country Status (18)

Country Link
US (1) US7048772B1 (tr)
EP (1) EP1183209B1 (tr)
CN (1) CN1167607C (tr)
AT (1) ATE268734T1 (tr)
AU (1) AU771003B2 (tr)
BR (1) BR0008048B1 (tr)
CA (1) CA2361704C (tr)
DE (1) DE60011425T2 (tr)
HU (1) HUP0200615A3 (tr)
ID (1) ID30326A (tr)
MX (1) MXPA01008109A (tr)
NZ (1) NZ513255A (tr)
PL (1) PL191629B1 (tr)
RU (1) RU2235058C2 (tr)
TR (1) TR200102318T2 (tr)
UA (1) UA59487C2 (tr)
WO (1) WO2000047517A1 (tr)
ZA (1) ZA200106119B (tr)

Families Citing this family (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4363002B2 (ja) * 2002-04-18 2009-11-11 日産自動車株式会社 燃料改質システムとその暖機装置
CN100341616C (zh) * 2003-06-23 2007-10-10 卡萨尔化学股份有限公司 二次重整设备
EP1531147A1 (en) * 2003-11-06 2005-05-18 CASALE ChEMICALS S.A. Catalytic secondary reforming process and reactor for said process
FR2914396A1 (fr) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-03 Inst Francais Du Petrole Nouveau four de vaporeformage utilisant des bruleurs poreux
US8142530B2 (en) * 2007-07-09 2012-03-27 Range Fuels, Inc. Methods and apparatus for producing syngas and alcohols
US9227895B2 (en) * 2007-07-09 2016-01-05 Albemarle Corporation Methods and apparatus for producing alcohols from syngas
US20090093555A1 (en) * 2007-07-09 2009-04-09 Range Fuels, Inc. Methods and apparatus for producing syngas
US20090018371A1 (en) * 2007-07-09 2009-01-15 Range Fuels, Inc. Methods and apparatus for producing alcohols from syngas
US20090014689A1 (en) * 2007-07-09 2009-01-15 Range Fuels, Inc. Methods and apparatus for producing syngas and alcohols
US8153027B2 (en) * 2007-07-09 2012-04-10 Range Fuels, Inc. Methods for producing syngas
DE102011101077A1 (de) * 2011-05-10 2012-11-15 L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Verfahren und Reaktor zur autothermen Reformierung von Brennstoffen
EP2662133A1 (en) * 2012-05-09 2013-11-13 Casale Chemicals S.A. A method for revamping a secondary reformer
RU2515326C1 (ru) * 2012-10-04 2014-05-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Центральное конструкторское бюро морской техники "Рубин" Способ конверсии дизельного топлива и конвертор для его осуществления
PL2811228T3 (pl) 2013-06-07 2020-01-31 Haldor Topsøe A/S Palnik
DE102015121037A1 (de) * 2015-12-03 2017-06-08 Thyssenkrupp Ag Vorrichtung zur Sauerstoffverteilung in einem Oxidationsreaktor, Oxidationsreaktor und Anlage mit einer solchen Vorrichtung und Betriebsverfahren
CN107213810B (zh) * 2016-03-22 2023-06-27 中国石油化工股份有限公司 氧气与可燃气体高效、安全混合的方法
CN107213809B (zh) * 2016-03-22 2023-06-02 中国石油化工股份有限公司 氧气与可燃气体旋流混合的方法
CN112707430B (zh) * 2021-01-12 2022-11-08 江西理工大学 一种燃烧室和燃烧合成超细氧化镧粉体的方法
CN116717790A (zh) * 2023-05-31 2023-09-08 海南大学 一种氢气燃烧炉头
CN116603361B (zh) * 2023-07-21 2023-09-26 天津市英格环保科技有限公司 一种中药加工用废气处理装置

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US3945942A (en) * 1971-10-04 1976-03-23 Texaco Development Corporation Fuel burner and process for gas manufacture
US4166834A (en) * 1977-09-27 1979-09-04 John Zink Company Air injector nozzle for secondary reformer
US4902484A (en) * 1985-07-18 1990-02-20 John Zink Company Oxygen injector means for secondary reformer
FR2648800B1 (fr) * 1989-06-27 1991-10-18 Inst Francais Du Petrole Dispositif et procede de fabrication de gaz de synthese par combustion et son application
DE69736438T2 (de) * 1996-10-03 2007-08-02 Kato, Hajime, Kawasaki Methode zur dampfreformierung von kohlenwasserstoffen
US5980596A (en) * 1997-04-25 1999-11-09 Exxon Research And Engineering Co. Multi-injector autothermal reforming process and apparatus for producing synthesis gas (law 565).

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MXPA01008109A (es) 2002-08-30
PL191629B1 (pl) 2006-06-30
BR0008048B1 (pt) 2009-08-11
US7048772B1 (en) 2006-05-23
ATE268734T1 (de) 2004-06-15
CA2361704C (en) 2009-12-15
CN1340027A (zh) 2002-03-13
UA59487C2 (uk) 2003-09-15
DE60011425T2 (de) 2005-06-09
WO2000047517A1 (en) 2000-08-17
ID30326A (id) 2001-11-22
HUP0200615A2 (en) 2002-06-29
EP1183209A1 (en) 2002-03-06
RU2235058C2 (ru) 2004-08-27
BR0008048A (pt) 2001-10-30
DE60011425D1 (de) 2004-07-15
NZ513255A (en) 2003-08-29
HUP0200615A3 (en) 2003-07-28
CA2361704A1 (en) 2000-08-17
CN1167607C (zh) 2004-09-22
AU2313800A (en) 2000-08-29
PL350136A1 (en) 2002-11-04
AU771003B2 (en) 2004-03-11
EP1183209B1 (en) 2004-06-09
ZA200106119B (en) 2002-10-25

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