SU992564A1 - Method for refining vegetable oils - Google Patents

Description

(54) METHOD OF REFINATION OF VEGETABLE OILS The invention relates to the oil and fat industry and can be used to purify vegetable oils. Vegetable oils extracted from oilseeds in various ways contain numerous concomitant substances, including phospholipids, which must be removed for the purpose of two high quality products: hydrocratic oil and phosphate concentrate. Known methods are refining vegetable oils, including hydration of masa with water or aqueous electrolyte solutions with separation of the phases in settling tanks or on separators 1. The known method of refining vegetable oils by hydrating it at 45-55 ° C with water, exposing and separating the resulting phosphatide уль emulsion, drying the oil 23. However, the hydration process does not allow for the removal of non-hydratable phospholacids that negatively contribute to the appearance and quality of the oil, and also causing difficulties in carrying out subsequent technological processes: refining and hydrogenation. The most promising approach to this invention is the method of refining vegetable oils, which includes hydration, treatment with a phosphoric acid solution with a concentration of 1-1 O% and a solution of silicate HaTvp0, washing with water and drying. The amount of phosphoric acid solution is O, 2-2.5% by weight of the oil, and the amount of sodium silicate solution is 0.3-2% by weight of oil. The method involves additional washing of the oil with a complex reagent, cocTosnnHM from sodium chloride, citric acid, caustic soda and NW water. In the process of extracting wax convenient substances on a gel of 1frometic acid o & A mop of sediment develops, carrying with it neutral Hlf, that. leads to waste and noTepsiM oils. In addition, for removal — 11 hydrate (fumed phosphorus-containing substances, this sample implies additional washing of the oil (after processing it with solutions of phosphoric acid and sodium silicate) with a solution of a complex reagent pH 3-5, and then with water, which also leads to waste and loss of oil and the complication of the refining process When phosphoric acid and sodium silicate are introduced into the oil, sodium phosphate is formed according to a known method according to a known method. NagO nSiO + H PO tNagPO HgO nSiOg, it should be noted that It is possible to choose such quantitative ratios of reagents (sodium suicate and phosphoric acid) that provide the necessary amount of sodium phosphate as a result of the reactions, i.e., alkali metal ions. An increase in the amount of reactive substances. At the same time, with the formation of sodium phosphate, an additional amount of silica acid gel is formed, which will lead to an increase in waste, and loss of neutral fat. The purpose of the invention is to simplify the process by eliminating additional rumyuki oil, improving its quality and reducing its loss. This goal is achieved by the fact that according to the method of refining grow Hijx oils, including hydration,. treatment with a phosphoric acid solution with a concentration of 1-10% and sodium silicate solution; washing with water and drying; after treatment with phosphoric acid and sodium silicate, an aqueous solution of a salt of phosphoric acid and an alkali metal is added to the oil without separation of the phases, while the amount of phosphoric acid solution acids are chosen in the range of 0.1-0, S% by weight of the oil, sodium silicate solution in the range of 0.2-1.3%, and salt solution in the range of 0.1-0.5% at a concentration of 5- ten%. o After separation of the formed phases, the oil is directed to the aqueous washing and drying. The proposed refining technology eliminates the process of treating the oil with a complex reagent. During the processing of hydrated sunflower oil with solutions of phosphoric acid and sodium silicate, a silica gel is formed in 994 as a result of the interaction of sodium silicate with phosphoric acid and partly with free fatty acids Ma20-P5 02 HzP04 MazP04 H20. .nS i 02 + RCOOH RCOONa + H20 ,, However, the content of free fatty acids in the oil, which is subjected to treatment, varies widely: 1.5 mg KOH — View, 2.25 mg KOH — 1 grade, 6 mg KOH — 2 varietal and unsorted, which affects the stability of the formation of silica gel and its adsorption properties. It is known that the presence of alkali metal ions in the reaction medium stabilizes the gel, promotes aggregation of gel particles and its separation. Phosphoric acid and alkali metal salts (azPO4, Na2HPO4, K2HPO4, etc.) selected as a reagent, stabilizing silica gel, increasing its adsorption properties and promoting separation of the gel, are formed during the processing of oil with phosphoric acid solutions and metal silicate, however, in an insufficient amount for polarizing action, stabilizing the silica gel and increasing its adsorption properties. The introduction of an alkali metal salt solution and phosphoric acid allows the upper and lower znacheniga oil solutions of processing parameters of phosphoric acid and sodium silicate, namely for the phosphoric acid in quantitative 0.1-0.8% by weight of oil, for sodium silicate 0.2-1.3% by weight of oil. Example. Under laboratory conditions, 100 g of hydrated pressed sunflower oil with an acid number of 2.67 mg KOH, a phosphatide content of 0.24%, unwashed substances 0.85%, oxidation products 0.52%, chromaticity 15 mg 1 are treated with phosphoric acid at a concentration of 10% in an amount of 0.1% by weight of the oil and sodium silicate, with a density of 1.36 g / cm in an amount of 0.2% by weight of the oil, after transfer, 0.1% is added to the weight of the oil of a 10% solution NajHF, the precipitate is separated from the oil by centrifuging. The oil is heated and dried. The main indicators of soap-wax precipitation, derived from the proposed and known methods, are given in Table. one.

T a 6 and tt a 1

(Content,%: total fat

neutral fatty acids

Fatty Acid: Neutral Fat ratio

From the data table. 1 it is evident that the soap no-sediment obtained by the proposed refining cnoco6jy in the corresponding. with lower boundary regimes, contains a smaller amount of total acid and acid number, mg KOH Phosphide content,% Color, mg Jo Neither content,% Content of oxidation products, Yield,%

The proposed method of refining makes it possible to produce a ghfatirovannoe oil of higher quality lio compared with the known.

PRI mme R 2. In laboratory conditions, 10O g of extraction hydrated sunflower oil with an acid number of 5.43 mg KOH, phosphatides 0, 30%, non-solid 1.14%, color 30 mg E at 2O ° C treat with phosphoric acid con18, 42

11.34

7.08

1.4: 1, O

ra and the best ratio of fatty acids:; neutral fat.

In tab. 2 shows the main KaaaTejra oils obtained by the supposed & known and known methods.

T a b l and pa 2

1.48

Iet

4.2

oh

Oi21 99.78.

Centooia 1% in the amount of 0.8%; Mabse oil and sodium silicate with a density of 1.2 g / cm in an amount of 1.3% by weight of the oil, after mixing 0.5% by weight of an oil of a 5% KjBD solution is added. The precipitate is separated by settling Yg, the infused oil is heated and dried.

The main indicators of sediment and oils obtained by the proposed and quest methods are given in Table. 3 and 4.

Indicator

Content%: fat yield

neutral fatty acids

Acid: Neutral ratio

The data given in Table. 3, indicate that in the process of refining the oils according to the proposed method in accordance with the upper boundary regimes, the soap and wax sediment is carried away by 1% of neutral fat, which contributes to scaling of otoods and loss of oil.

Data: ta6l. 4 will show that "the existence of the refining of the oil according to the proposed method allows not only waste and loss of oil, but also to remove it from (these are the following substances from hydrated oil. Its grade is increased with O and I. So, using The proposed method of refining oils provides hyu compared to known significant advantages.

Soap wax residue with silica gel, obtained by refining methods

famous

predyugami

31.89

13.86

18.03

1,3: 1,0

Table4

EXAMPLE 3 In laboratory conditions, 1OO g of hydrated press sunflower oil with an acid number of 2.67 mg KOH, phosphate content of pure substances, 0.85%, oxidation products 0.52%, color 15 mg 2 P treated with phosphoric acid with a concentration of 1O% in an amount of 0.05% by weight of the oil and sodium silicate with a density of 1.36 g / cm in an amount of 0.1% by weight of the oil; after mixing, 0.05% by weight of the oil is introduced 10% - KlajHPO solution, the precipitate is separated from the oil by centrifugation. Selected oil is heated and dried.

The main indicators of mylio-oskovyh.osadov and oils, obtained by the proposed and known methods, are given in table. 5 and 6.

With shalanie,%: total fat

neutral fatty acids

The ratio of fatty acids: neutral fat. As can be seen from tab. 5, the soap-and-sediment sediments obtained by the proposed method of refining according to the regimes leaving the lower limit have almost the same amount of fat and the ratio of fatty acids: neutral oil. Examination of quality poach and ampoule oils {tabl. 6), obtained by the proposed method in accordance with the regimes beyond the lower limit, shows that they are close to the qualitative indicators of oils obtained by a known method, CfIedo, the refining process in accordance with the regimes beyond the lower limit is impractical, since it provides high quality. oil and reduce waste and waste.

Table 5

22.97 11.99 10.98

1.1: 1.0

Tab IAAB PR d ime 4. Under laboratory conditions, lOO g extraction hydration. sunflower mespa with an acid number of 5.43 mg KOH, phosphorus content 0.30%, non-pouring substances 1.14%, color 30 mg Jj P 20 ° C out of 1% phosphoric acid, O% by weight oil and sodium silicate with a skin size of 11.30 g / cm in the amount of 1.5% by weight of the oil, after stirring, 1% O by weight of the oil of an 11% KjPO solution is introduced. The precipitate is separated by settling. The extracted oil is heated and dried. The main indicators of the young-Eosov precipitations and oils obtained by the proposed and known methods are given in Table. 7 and 8.

Content,%: total fat

neutral fatty acids

Fat ratio

acids: neutral fat

Acid number, mg KOH Phosphatides content,% Color, mg Jj Content of oxidation products. Output,% The data given in table. 7, testify. that refined oil but the proposed demolition of the regime above the upper boundary limits leads to an increase in waste and oil losses. The data table. 7 and 8 show that the refining of oil according to the regimes that go beyond the limits of the upper boundaries, ensures the production of high-quality oil, but at the same time its waste increases. Thus, by offering the 1st method, it is possible to obtain oil from oil with reduced waste and losses by reducing the content of total fat, improving the ratio of fatty acids: neutral fat in the soap wax. The method can be IS42, 01 2O, OO 22.01

1.0: 1.1

Tables

1.98 no 3.0 0.20

Claims (1)

1. Manual on technology and ass-S № 806750 CL, C and B 3/00, 1978 chensho and processing of vegetable oils (prototype).