SU988435A1 - Large ingot forging method - Google Patents

Description

(54) METHOD OF FORGING LARGE INGOTS

The invention relates to the processing of metals by pressure and can be used in press-forging shops in the manufacture of forgings from large ingots requiring removal of the defective metal from the bottom and profitable sides and working out the cast structure over the cross section.

There is a known method of forging large ingots, which includes the operations of billet ingot, and the reinforcement of billet: and its draft between the plates (1).

A disadvantage of the known methods is the incomplete removal of internal defects from the bottom and profitable parts of the ingot. In addition, the complete overlap of the cross section of the ingot during sludge requires increased slump effort,; which adversely affects the performance of the forging equipment.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of the products obtained and to reduce precipitation effort.

The goal is achieved by the fact that according to the method of forging large ingots, including the operations of bilding an ingot, pressing a billet and its draft between the slabs, the draft first

They are made between conical plates with holes in both plates.h, the working surfaces of which are parallel, then tilt the ingot by 180 ° and align its ends between the upper conical and lower flat plates.

FIG. 1 schematically shows the initial position of the ingot under the draft; in fig. 2 - upset ingot; in fig. 3 - the initial position of the ingot before aligning the ends; in fig. 4 - upset ingot after aligning the ends.

The ingot, heated to the forging temperature, is fed to the forging press, the axle is rolled up for the cartridge from the profitable part of the ingot, the liner is knocked down and billetted.

The booklet is held in air to cool its surface to the lower forging interval. The cooling time of a billet depends on the material and weight of the ingot. 2Q The temperature difference between the surface of the billet and its axial zone is 300-350 ° C and is determined experimentally. As a result of the cooling of the billet, a hard one forms on its surface. shell compared to the inner zones, providing lateral support uniform along the circumference of the billet.

The pressed billet 1 is set up with rolled pin 2 into the hole of the lower sedimentary plate 3 with a convex conical working surface, and the upper sedimentary plate 4 with an aperture and concave conical working surface is installed on the upper toren from the bottom of the blat. The convex conical working surface of the bottom plate 3 and the concave conical working surface of the upper plate 4 are parallel between comp. and (Fig. 1).

Installed billet upset to a predetermined size (Fig. 2). After the precipitation, the upper sediment plate 4 is removed, the precipitated billet 1 is removed from the lower conical plate 3, edged by 180 ° and installed in the opening of the lower flat plate 5 with the bottom part 6 formed during the precipitation process. On the profitable part 2 install the cone plate 4 ((| eig. 3) and align the lower and upper ends (Fig. 4).

With the deposition of bllet 1 at the initial moment, the contact surface of the sedimentary plates 3 and 4 reduces the resistance to flow of the cooled outer metal layers on the profit and milk sides, providing an intense leakage of the internal, hotter layers of metal and pallet into the holes of the upper and upper conical sedimentary plates.

At the same time, the flow of both the outer and the inner layers of the metal is slowed down by the expenditure of minimal slump forces, which increase only at the end of the slump process with the increase of the tool's contact with the metal.

The metal flow from the iriby side is more intense due to the lower cone-shaped efflorescence. and; n1ty.

In the process of alignment of the lower and upper ends, the internal layers of the metal flow to the center of the deposited billet 1, since the external surface layers and the cooled profitable 2 and bottom 5 parts, whose resistance to deformation of the metal is much higher than the resistance of the internal layers, prevent the leakage of the outer metal layers.

The flow of the inner layers of metal and precipitation and alignment of the ends contributes to the reduction of internal defects.

After precipitation, the precipitated billet is heated and the operations specified by the forging technology are carried out.

Such technology for forging ingots ensures reliable removal of the defective metal from the bottom and bottom sides, reduces the slump force and creates favorable conditions for brewing internal defects, especially adjacent, to the profitable and milking parts of the ingot.

The proposed method is carried out as follows.

Example. The forging of the support wa „7ka and. Has a barrel diameter of 1480 ± 14. M., A length of 2800 ± 50 mm, two necks with a diameter of 845 ± 12 m. M, and a length of 1660 and 1120 mm, respectively. Material-steel 9HF, weight 59100 kg. The forging of the roll is forged from an ingot weighing 97,000 kg on a hydraulic forging press with a force of 15,000, i.e.

In the first removal, the chuck is chambered for chuck, cleaned and ironed, the insert is knocked down with a turn, the ingot is billetted to a diameter of 1760 mm. The booklet is kept in air to cool its surface to the temperature of the bottom and the forging section.

Install the billet into the hole of the lower sedimentary plate with a convex conical working surface and set the upper sedimentary plate with an opening m. And a concave working surface up to a diameter of 2400 mm and a height of 1980 mm. Remove the upper sediment plate, remove the precipitated billet from the lower plate, turn it 180 ° and install it in the hole of the lower slab plate, the bottom part, formed during the precipitation process. The upper sedimentary plate with a hole and a concave conical working surface is installed on the profitable part and the lower one is aligned. top end.

In the second carryout, the besieged billet is pulled to the diameter. 1900 mm from the pallet to the bottom followed by canting, then we go to a diameter of 1550 m. They mark and cut the metal from the bottom part, cut it at a diameter of 1010 mm, smooth the barrel moderately with a thickening on the profit side and cut it down.

In the third removal, the lucrative part is compressed with a diameter of 1010 m. M with a transition to a diameter of 845 mm. Cut off the fish. Smooth utolgepp moderately, right t.

In the fourth offset, the bottom part is pulled in moderation. The pallet is chopped off, the iio axes are aligned, marked and transferred to the thermal compartment in a hot condition.

Compared with the prototype, the proposed invention makes it possible to improve the quality of the products obtained and to reduce the slump force.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula The method of forging large ingots, including the operations of billetting of ingot, nadstuzhivanie billet and its inter-. do plptamp, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of the products obtained and reduce the slump force, the slump is first produced between conical tangles with holes in both plates,