RU2436650C1 - Method to manufacture products with shaft by die moulding in solid-liquid state and method to manufacture ready-made stock - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: inventions are related to the field of metallurgy and may be used in manufacturing of products with a shaft by die moulding of ready-made stocks that are mainly produced from aluminium. A ready-made stock is made with a shaft fixed on an axis, ends of which protrude above the stock ends. The stock is heated and transferred into an area of a previously heated die. The die comprises a container with a matrix, a puncheon arranged above the matrix and a pusher having an axial hole. The stock is placed on the end of a previously lifted pusher. At that the lower end of the shaft is fixed in the axial hole of the pusher. Then the pusher is lowered, the ready-made stock is installed into the matrix and is deformed by a puncheon. The shaft is moved in axial direction for its placement in the specified position along the product axis. To make a ready-made stock, the shaft is vertically mounted in a cylindrical sleeve. Then a globular suspension is filled into the sleeve, and it is cooled under conditions of sleeve ends heat insulation under load with provision of shaft fixation in the stock. Ends of the shaft are fixed in the upper and lower covers of the sleeve.

EFFECT: improvement of finished products quality.

3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of metallurgy and can be used in the manufacture of various products equipped with a shaft, stamping prefabricated cylindrical workpieces mainly from aluminum alloys.

A known method and device for producing metal billets with a globular structure (RU 2371279 C1, 04.17.2008, B22D 1/00, B22D 27/00), consisting in the fact that the melt is dosed poured onto an inclined water-cooled trough, when moving along which it is actively mixes up, forming a globular suspension entering a thin-walled, vertically located glass, made in the form of a cylindrical shell with a lower heat-insulating lid. Then the glass is closed with an upper heat-insulating lid, a load is placed on it and the suspension is cooled to a predetermined temperature under conditions of difficult heat removal from the ends, and then it is finally cooled by quenching in water.

A disadvantage of the known technical solution is manifested during further processing of the workpiece, namely, before deformation, the workpiece is heated and transferred to a solid-liquid state, which causes difficulties in transportation, installation in a stamp and, ultimately, reduces the quality of the finished product. In addition, the finished (stamped) product requires machining of the axial hole of the hub for mounting the shaft, which limits technological capabilities.

A known method and device for thixoforming cylindrical billets mainly made of aluminum alloy (RU 2357830 C2, 02.07.2007, B21J 5/06, B21J 13/02), in which the billet is placed in a container, covered with a glass, then heated together, transported to pre heated stamp and placed on a raised pusher coaxially with it, and then remove the glass with the container from the working area and, lowering the pusher, set the workpiece in the stamp matrix in the initial position for deformation. The blank is stamped with a punch, and the finished product is removed from the matrix using a pusher.

In the known technical solution, it is impossible to completely exclude the rejection of the finished product, since damage to the solid-liquid workpiece on the inner surface of the glass, the jumper of the container and its displacement from the axis of the pusher both during transportation to the working area and when installed on the pusher are possible. It should also be noted and the complexity of the design. Limited technological capabilities are due to the need to process the axial hole in the hub of the finished product for its mounting on the shaft.

The technical result, to which the claimed inventions are directed, is to improve the quality of the finished product by completely eliminating damage to the solid-liquid workpiece and ensuring its coaxial position relative to the deforming tooling both during transportation and during its installation in a pre-heated die matrix.

To achieve the specified technical result, a method of manufacturing products with a thixo-stamping shaft includes manufacturing a prefabricated workpiece with a shaft fixed along the axis, the ends of which protrude above the ends of the workpiece, heating the prefabricated workpiece vertically mounted on a removable spacer, subsequent transportation of the heated prefabricated workpiece held by the upper end of the shaft in the area of the pre-heated stamp containing the container with the matrix, a punch located above the matrix and an ejector made with an axial hole rst, placing the prefabricated workpiece at the end face of the previously raised pusher of the stamp, fixing the lower end of the shaft of the prefabricated workpiece in the axial hole of the pusher, after which the ejector is lowered, the prefabricated workpiece is installed in the matrix and deformed by the punch, while the axial movement of the prefabricated shaft is carried out with its placement in the specified position along the axis of the product.

A method of manufacturing a prefabricated workpiece with a shaft fixed along the axis, the ends of which protrude above the ends of the workpiece, characterized in that in a cylindrical glass having a bottom cover with an axial blind bore, a shaft is vertically mounted, the end of which is fixed in the said axial blind bore, and then vertically the located glass is poured into a globular suspension, the glass is closed with a top cover with an axial through hole in which the shaft end is placed, a load is placed on the top cover and the suspension is cooled in a mustache thermal insulation of the ends of the glass under load to ensure the shaft is secured in the workpiece.

In the middle of the shaft, circumferential grooves can be made.

The invention is illustrated by graphic materials, which show:

- figure 1 - prefabricated workpiece;

- figure 2 - cooling the suspension;

- figure 3 - installation of the shaft in the glass and pouring the suspension;

- figure 4 - placement of the prefabricated workpiece at the end of the ejector (in the middle of the drawing) and the prefabricated workpiece in the die matrix in the initial position for deformation (bottom of the drawing);

- figure 5 - the end of the stamping of the disputed billet.

Prefabricated workpiece 1 is equipped with a shaft 2, which is located along its axis. In the middle part of the shaft along its circumference, longitudinal grooves 3 are made, and its ends 4 and 5 protrude above the ends of the workpiece (Fig. 1). The glass 6 is equipped with two removable insulating covers and a load 7. The lower cover 8 has an axial blind bore 9 and a flange for stability of the glass. In the upper cover 10, an axial through hole 11 is made (Fig. 2). To prepare a globular suspension 12 and pour it into a glass, for example, an inclined water-cooled trough 13 is used (Fig. 3). The stamp contains a pusher 14 with an axial hole 15, a lower plate 16 with a container 17 into which the die is pressed 18. A punch 20 is mounted above the die coaxially with the movable traverse 19 of the hydraulic press, the latter being equipped with a set of stops 21 for changing the depth of the axial hole 22 ( figure 4). All the holes and bores mentioned in the text are made to the size of the shaft diameter. Figure 3 shows the end of the stamping of the precast in the finished product 23 with a shaft.

A method of manufacturing a prefabricated workpiece 1 having an axis fixed shaft, the ends of which protrude above the ends of the workpiece (figure 1), is as follows.

The shaft 2 is lowered into the cup 6, fixing its end 4 in the bore 9 of the lower cover 8. Then the assembled structure is installed under the outlet of the groove 13. The melt, for example AL-9, is metered into the inclined water-cooled groove, when moving along which a globular suspension 12 is formed, entering the glass (figure 2). At the end of pouring the suspension, the glass 6 is closed with the top cover 10, while placing the end 5 of the shaft 2 in the axial hole of the said cover, which ensures strict alignment of the shaft and the glass. On the top cover set the load 7 (P = 5 kg). In this (Fig. 3) position, in conditions of difficult heat removal from the ends, the preform 1 is cooled to a temperature of 575 ° C, and then finally cooled by quenching in water (not shown).

Before thix-stamping, the prefabricated billet 1 is installed vertically in a muffle furnace on a removable spacer (not shown), placing the end 4 of the shaft 2 in the hole of the latter, and heated to 585 ° C. The die tooling (ejector 14, die 18 and punch 20) is heated to 350 ... 400 ° C and graphite grease is sprayed on it. The heated billet 1 is transported to the working area, holding it vertically with a force P ₁ for the end 5 of the shaft 2. Then set the prefabricated 1 1 coaxially to the ejector 14 at its end using the end 4 of the shaft 2 and the axial hole 15. Then stop holding the end 5 of the shaft 2 , lower the workpiece 1 with the ejector 14 to its original position in the matrix 18 for deformation. The stamping of the prefabricated workpiece 1 is performed by a punch 20, while the axial movement of the shaft 2 is carried out, placing it in a predetermined position for, for example, a V-belt pulley.

The claimed method of manufacturing products with a thix-stamping shaft and a method of manufacturing a prefabricated workpiece with an axis located on the axis, the ends of which protrude above the ends of the workpiece, allow:

- expand technological capabilities, since the shaft is fixed in the prefabricated workpiece already at the stage of its manufacture and carry out its final axial installation during thix-stamping;

- improve the quality of the finished product by eliminating the possibility of damage to the surfaces of the heated thix workpiece both when it is delivered to the work area and when placed in the die matrix, as well as by ensuring strict alignment of the heated workpiece and the die matrix.

Claims (3)

1. A method of manufacturing products with a thixo-stamping shaft, characterized in that it includes the manufacture of a prefabricated workpiece with a shaft fixed along the axis, the ends of which protrude above the ends of the workpiece, heating a prefabricated workpiece vertically mounted on a removable spacer, subsequent transportation of the heated prefabricated workpiece held by the top the end of the shaft, into the zone of the pre-heated stamp containing the container with the matrix, a punch located above the matrix and an ejector made with an axial hole, placement the prefabricated workpiece at the end face of the pre-lifted ejector punch, fixing the lower end of the prefabricated shaft in the axial hole of the ejector, after which the ejector is lowered, the prefabricated workpiece is installed in the matrix and deformed by the punch, while the axial movement of the prefabricated shaft is carried out with its placement in a predetermined axis position products. 2. A method of manufacturing a prefabricated workpiece with a shaft fixed along the axis, the ends of which protrude above the ends of the workpiece, characterized in that in a cylindrical glass having a bottom cover with an axial blind bore, a shaft is vertically mounted, the end of which is fixed in the said axial blind bore, after which a globular suspension is poured into a vertically located glass, the glass is closed with a top cover with an axial through hole in which the shaft end is placed, the load is placed on the upper cover and the suspension is cooled under conditions of thermal insulation of the ends of the glass under load with the provision of fixing the shaft in the workpiece. 3. The method according to claim 2, in which a shaft is used, in the middle part of which circumferential grooves are made.

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