SU982068A1 - Device for teaching working on metal workings machine-tools - Google Patents

Description

454) DEVICE FOR TEACHING WORK ON METAL CUTTING MACHINES

The invention relates to simulators for training in the use of a work tool and can be used to teach skills in operating a cutting machine.

A device for learning to work on metal-cutting machines and containing a training object, controls, blocks for evaluating actions and indications IJ is known.

The disadvantage of this device is that during training students have a psychological stress, which reduces the activity of their work, which significantly reduces the effectiveness of training.

It is also known a device intended for similar purposes and containing blocks for modeling, control, indication, evaluation 2.

The disadvantage of this device is the lack of information about the nature and magnitude of the error allowed by the schoolchild, which reduces the learning curve.

Closest to the invention is a device comprising a block for longitudinal and transverse movement of the cutter, each output of which is through the sensor block of moving the cutter

and the cutter motion simulation unit is connected to the corresponding inputs of the conversion unit and the motion rate model of the cutter, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the longitudinal and transverse movement unit of the cutter, the display unit, to the first and

10, the second input of which is connected to the output of the cutter simulation unit, to the third and fourth outputs of the setpoint processor, to the output of the time sensor, to the sixth 15 output of the counter connected to the first output of the conversion unit, as well as the error detection unit, the first and second inputs of which are connected to corresponding block outputs

20 simulations of the cutter movement, the third and fourth inputs with the second and third converters of the conversion unit, respectively, and the first and second

outputs - from the seventh and tmj inlets 25 tm of the display unit, respectively

The disadvantage of this device is its greater didactic capabilities, since the learner cannot adjust his control

30 due to the lack of current information about their correctness, this leads to a violation of one of the main principles of didactics - the principle of consciousness and activity. Thus, an incorrect impact of the carriage on the handle or the handle of the slider moving on the handle is revealed only by the fact of violation of control accuracy indicated by the display unit. At the moment of the influence of the training machine, the correctness of these actions is missing, therefore the training cannot correctly compare its the control actions, his actions are uncertain, constrained, THAT reduces the consciousness and activity of his work. The purpose of the invention is to expand the didactic capabilities of the device. The goal is achieved by the fact that the device for training work on metal-cutting machines, containing successively connected block of coordinate movements of the working body, block of displacement sensors, block of modeling the displacement, working body, block of modeling the speed of movement and block of imitation of external effects, the output of which is connected to the first input of the block coordinate movements of the working element, the second input of which is the input of the control actions of the device, are connected in series first a functional converter, an error detection unit and a display unit, the second and third inputs of which are directly connected to the outputs of the time sensor and the displacement setting device, respectively, and the fourth output is connected to the second output of the first functional converter through a counter, the output unit of the movement control unit is connected to n the input of the display unit, the input of the first functional converter and the second input of the error detection unit, the shaper of the consultative information and, the first input of which is connected to the output of the movement speed modeling unit, the second input is connected to the third output of the first functional converter, and the output is connected to the sixth input of the display unit. In this case, the consultative information driver contains a comparator and a serially connected voltage divider, a second functional converter, leads the comparison and a key whose output is the driver output, and the second key input is connected to the comparator output, the inputs of the comparator and voltage divider are the first input the former, the second input of the node, the comparison is the second input of the former. FIG. Figure 1, in the XOY rectangular coordinate system, shows a vector velocity diagram of the tool at the position of its vertex at point B of the profile of a given figure, where XOY. - rectangular coordinate system; P - profile of a given figure; B - the position of the tip of the incisor, .x, y - instantaneous values, respectively, of the abscissa and ordinate of the apex of the incisor .; VX V, y — calculated instantaneous speeds of movement, respectively, of the carriage and sled; Vx is the actual instantaneous speed of movement of the carriage, -, V is the calculated instantaneous speed of movement of the tool; Vy - the instantaneous speed of movement of the sled; f - the instantaneous speed of movement, oi - the angles of inclination to the abscissa axis, respectively, of the calculated and real instantaneous speeds of movement of the tool; in fig. 2 - change along the profile of a given figure of the angle of inclination to the abscissa axis of the instantaneous speed of movement of the tool; in fig. 3 structural scheme of the device. - The device contains a block 1 of coordinate movements of the working body, a block 2 of displacement sensors, a block 3 of modeling the displacement of the working body, a functional transducer 4, a block 5 of modeling the speed of displacement, a block b of simulating external impacts, a block 7 of indication, an adjusting device 8 of the form of movements time counter 10 block. 11, an error detection, an advisory information signal generator 12. The handle 13 for moving the carriage and the handle 14 for moving the slide are included in block 1. Block 7 is designed to provide the student with information about the profile of a given figure, the position of the tool tip relative to the profile of a given figure, the errors made by the student, the duration of the student's exercise, and the delivery to the student instructions on the proper management of machine tools. Block 7 can be represented by a two-beam electronic tube 15 and a light panel 16, which can be taken as the corresponding elements of the device described in the prototype. The converter 4 to the signals arriving at its inputs from block 3 generates a control violation signal, and for each current value of the abscissa of the tool nose determines the angle of inclination to the abscissa axis of the calculated instantaneous speed of movement of the tool

From the first output of converter 4, the violation of control accuracy enters the counter Yu, from the second and third outputs of converter 4, signals proportional to the calculated values of the coordinates 5 of the tool tip, are sent to the third and fourth inputs of block 11, respectively, and from the fourth output of converter 4, proportional to the angle of inclination to the abscissa axis of the figure of an even instantaneous speed of movement of the tool, is fed to the third input of the imager 12.

The transducer 4 consists of functional transducers 17 and 18-15 and a functional transducer 19 and a comparison unit 20 connected in series. The purpose of the functional converters 17. And 19 and the comparison node 20 is similar to the 20 corresponding devices used in the prototype. Functional Converter 18 signals received at its input from the output of the block

3, determines for each current 25 values of the abscissa of the tip of the incisor the angle of inclination to the abscissa axis of the calculated instantaneous speed of movement of the cutter (Fig. 2). A functional transducer used in the prototype can be taken as the functional variable {18).

Shaper 12 consists of a voltage divider 21, the first and second inputs of which are connected to the corresponding outputs of block 5, and the output - to the input of a functional converter 22, the output of which is connected to the first input of the comparison node 23, the second input of which is connected to the fourth output of the converter 40

4, and the output to the first input of the key 24, the output of which is connected to the ninth input of the display unit 7, and the second input to the output of the comparator 25, whose two inputs are connected to the corresponding outputs of the block 5 of the tool moving speed simulation.

The divider 21 according to the signals arriving at its inputs from the corresponding outputs of block 5 and proportional to 50 actual speeds of movement, respectively, of the carriage Vj and slide V, for each current value of the tool nose abscissa, determine the tangent of the angle of inclination to the horizontal axis of the actual instantaneous speed of movement cutter.

The functional converter 22, according to the signal received at its input from divider 21 and proportional to the tangent of the angle of inclination to the abscissa axis of the actual instantaneous speed of movement of the cutter, onpeAtlt the angle of inclination to the abscissa axis of the actual instantaneous speed of movement of the tool.

Comparison node 23 is designed to compare the signal received at its first input from the functional converter 22 and proportional to the angle of inclination to the abscissa axis of the calculated instantaneous speed of movement of the tool, with the signal fed to its second input from the functional converter 18 included in converter 4 and proportional to the angle of inclination to the x-axis of the actual instantaneous speed of movement of the tool. If the inclination angle to the abscissa axis of the calculated instantaneous speed of movement of the tool is equal to the angle of inclination to the abscissa axis of the actual instantaneous speed of movement of the tool, node 23 outputs the error value to the first input of the key 24.

The comparator 25, according to the signals received at its inputs from the corresponding outputs of block 5 and proportional to the actual speeds of movement of the carriage V and sled Vj, respectively, reveals the largest of these speeds.

The key 24, which is fed to the first input from the output of the node 23, to the second input from the output of the comparator 25, produces at its output a signal that carries information about the need for students to correct their control actions.

The device works as follows.

When the power is turned on, the screen of the tube 15, which is part of the block 7, forms an image of the profile of a flat figure, of a given shape and a bright spot, the position of which corresponds to the position of the tool tip relative to the profile of the figure. The formation of the image of the profile of a given figure and a bright spot in the proposed device is similar to the formation of these images in the device, taken as a prototype.

In the XOY rectangular coordinate system (Fig. 1), the profile of the specified shape and the tool tip are positioned so that the movement of the carriage corresponds to the movement of the tool point along the X axis, and the movement of the slide, to the tool point movement along the Y axis.

Claims (3)

Under the influence of the learning handle 13 and the voltage handle 14 at the outputs of the block 2 change in proportion to the angle of rotation of the handle 13 of the carriage movement and the angle of rotation of the handle 14 of the slide movement, respectively. The voltages from block 2 arrive at the inputs of block 3, where they are converted into voltages whose magnitude is projective to the value of the carriage movement and the amount of movement of the slide, respectively, and is the current value of the abscissa and ordinate of the tool tip. Converter 4 translates the cutter movement signals into signals with impaired control accuracy, which are transmitted through the counter 10 and block 11 on the display 16, which is part of block 7. Let the tip of the cutter be at point B of the specified shape at the considered time point (Fig. 1) . This point of the tip of the cutter corresponds to a certain angle of inclination k of the abscissa axis of the calculated instantaneous speed of movement of the cutter ot Since the calculated instantaneous speed of movement of the tool oi is the geometric sum of the calculated speeds of movement of the carriage V and therefore the angle to the abscissa axis of the calculated instantaneous speed of movement of the tool corresponds to the ratio between the calculated instantaneous speeds of movement of the carriage Vj (and the sled My.) Let, also, in the considered time from the control The machine learning tool is instantaneous, the speed of movement of the carriage V is equal to the calculated value of this speed Vx, and the momentary speed of movement of the slide v is greater than the calculated value of this speed Vj, hence the actual instantaneous speed of movement of the tool V is greater than the calculated value of this speed V , and therefore the angle of inclination to the abscissa axis of the actual instantaneous., the speed of movement of the tool. o1 pain: above the angle of inclination to the abscissa axis of the calculated instantaneous speed of movement of the tool ot. I. Continuing the exercise with the given control actions of the machine learning body leads to a deviation up the ordinate of the tool tip from the profile of the given figure, i.e. to the violation of the accuracy of the control, since the angle of inclination to the abscissa axis, the actual instantaneous speed of movement of the cutter is greater than the angle of inclination to the abscissa axis of the calculated instantaneous speed of movement of the tool. To eliminate the inappropriate control effects of the machine tool, i.e. To prevent a violation of the control accuracy of the training, the indicated value is indicated to decrease the speed of movement of the sled. The issuance of training instructions that signal that the controls are inappropriate at a given point in time and that indicate how to correct them is one of the main methodological requirements for the simulator. The functional transducer 18, according to the signals arriving at its input from the output of block 3 for the instantaneous abscissa value of the cutter vertices x, determines the angle of inclination to the abscissa axis of the calculated instantaneous speed of movement of the cutter pi. The divider 21 according to the signals arriving at its inputs from the corresponding outputs of block 5 and proportional to the actual speeds of movement of the carriage x and sled V, respectively, for the instant abscissa of the tool tip X determines the tangent of the angle of inclination to the abscissa axis of the actual instant speed of the tool. The functional transducer 22, from the signal input to its input from the splitter 21 and the proportional to the tangent of the angle of inclination to the abscissa axis of the actual instantaneous speed of movement of the tool, determines the angle of inclination to the axis of the abscissa of the actual instantaneous speed of movement of the tool ct. Comparison node 23, which arrives at its first input from functional transducer 22 and is proportional to the angle of inclination to the abscissa axis of the actual instantaneous movement of the tool, is compared with the signal to its second input, and from functional converter 18 and proportional to the angle of inclination to the abscissa axis of the calculated instantaneous velocity of the cutter. Since, in the considered example, the angle of inclination of the actual speed of movement of the cutter to the axis of the abscess is greater than the angle of inclination of the instantaneous speed of movement of the tool to the abscissa, the comparison node 23 outputs this error signal to the first input of the key 24. At the same time, the comparator 25 for the signal The inputs coming to its inputs from the corresponding outputs of block 5 are proportional to the actual values of the speeds of movement of the carriage x and the slide v ((, respectively, it reveals the greatest of these two speeds - the real one The speed of movement of the slide v and in accordance with this results in a signal to the second input of the key 24. The key 24, by signals received at its first input from the output of the comparison unit 23 and to the second input from the output of the comparator 25, produces at its output a signal that carries information The need for reducing the training speed of the slide movement. This signal from the output of the key 24 is fed to the input of the display 16, as a result of which an indication is displayed that it is necessary to reduce the training speed of the slide movement. Following these indications, the trainer reduces the speed of movement of the carrier until this indication disappears. 16. At the moment of equality of the actual speed of movement of the carrier, its calculated value is the angle of inclination to the abscissa axis of the actual instantaneous speed of movement of the pick equal to the angle of inclination to the axis of the calculated instantaneous movement speed ci. This equality leads to the disappearance of the signal at the output of the comparing unit 23, as a result of which the key 24 is closed and the indication 16 indicated on the tool-tip for controlling the machine controls disappears. Thus, the timely indication of the learning about its incorrect at the given moment of control actions and the way of their correction allows the training to correctly compare its effects with the machine control and thus avoid the violation of the control accuracy of the machine. The device operates similarly when the speed of the carriage movement exceeds its calculated value. The use of the proposed simulator allows one to acquire the skills to control a cutting machine much faster and of higher quality. Claim 1. Device for training work on metal-cutting machine tools, containing sequentially included block of coordinate displacements of a working ax, block of displacement transducers, block of modeling the displacement of a workman. of which organ, the unit for modeling the speed of movement and the unit for imitating external influences, you. the stroke of which is connected to the first input of the block of coordinate displacements of the working element, the second input of which is the control input to the control unit, the first functional converter, the error detection unit and the display unit, the second and third inputs of which are directly connected to the time sensor outputs and the unit of the form of movements, respectively, and the fourth output is through a counter to the second output of the first functional converter, the output of the unit for the simulation of movements of which organ is connected to the fifth input of the indicator unit, the input of the first functional converter and the second input of the error detection unit, which is designed to expand the didactic capabilities of the device, it contains the consultative information generator, the first input of which is connected to the output of the velocity modeling unit movement, the second input - with the third output of the first functional converter, and the output - with the sixth input of the display unit. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the consultative information driver comprises a comparator and a serially connected voltage divider, a second functional converter, a reference node and a key whose output is the driver output, and the second key input is connected to the output the comparator, the inputs of the comparator and the voltage divider are the first input of the driver, the second input of the comparison node is the second input of the driver. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. USSR author's certificate in accordance with application 28.04796 / 28-12, cl. G 09 B 19/24, 1979. 2. USSR author's certificate for application No. 2806085 / 28-12, cl. G 09 B 19/24, 1979. 3. USSR author's certificate on application 2952533 / 28-12, cl. G 09 B 19/24, 1980 (prototype).