SU942854A1

SU942854A1 - Apparatus for rolling toothed gears

Info

Publication number: SU942854A1
Application number: SU802929751A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Анатолий Иванович Сумин; Василий Иванович Купреев; Николай Николаевич Лебедь; Соломон Моисеевич Хазин
Original assignee: Предприятие П/Я В-2302
Priority date: 1980-05-23
Filing date: 1980-05-23
Publication date: 1982-07-15

Description

Изобретение относится к обработке металлов давлением, в частности к горячей прокатке зубчатых колес.The invention relates to the processing of metals by pressure, in particular to the hot rolling of gears.

Известно устройство для прокатки зубчатых колес, содержащее зубчатые валки с приводом их вращения и пере- ^{1 * * * 5}мещения, образующие калибр, гладкий вспомогательный валок с механизмом регулировки его положения и шпиндель для заготовки. Оси накатываемого ко- ₎₀леса и гладкого вспомогательного валка в этом устройстве расположены параллельно [Ί ].A device for rolling gears comprising toothed rollers driven rotation thereof and transferred ^{1 * 5} displacements forming caliber, smooth auxiliary roller mechanism adjusting its position and the workpiece spindle. The axes of the rolling co- _{) 0} forest and the smooth auxiliary roll in this device are parallel to [Ί].

Недостатком известного устройства является то, что при параллельном расположении осей прокатываемого колеса и гладкого вспомогательного валка контакт между ними осуществляется во время обкатки гладкого вспомогательного валка по вершине формуемого 20 зуба. Это обусловливает наличие прерывистого контакта гладкого вспомогательного валка с прокатываемым колесом при прокатке, что приводит к ко2 лебанию усилий, действующих в паре гладкий вспомогательный валок - изделие, от нуля до максимума с частотой ηΖ, где η - частота вращения изделия; Ζ - число зубьев изделия. При горячей прокатке колес модулем 7”11 мм усилия в этой паре достигают 5-10 тс и резкое колебание их отрицательно ска· зывается на точности прокатываемых колес, долговечности прокатных станов и эубопрокатного инструмента.A disadvantage of the known device is that when the axles of the rolling wheel and the smooth auxiliary roll are parallel, the contact between them is carried out during the running-in of the smooth auxiliary roll along the top of the molded tooth 20. This leads to the intermittent contact of a smooth auxiliary roll with the rolling wheel during rolling, which leads to a fluctuation in the forces acting in a pair of smooth auxiliary roll - product, from zero to maximum with a frequency ηΖ, where η is the rotation frequency of the product; Ζ is the number of teeth of the product. During hot rolling of wheels with a 7 ”11 mm module, the forces in this pair reach 5-10 tf and their sharp fluctuation negatively affects the accuracy of the rolled wheels, the durability of the rolling mills and the rolling tool.

Цель изобретения - повышение качества прокатываемых колес и исключение вибраций в процессе прокатки путем создания постоянного контакта гладкого вспомогательного валка с Прокатываемым колесом.The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of the rolled wheels and the exclusion of vibrations during the rolling process by creating constant contact of a smooth auxiliary roll with the rolling wheel.

Поставленная цель достигается тем, что в устройстве для прокатки зубчатых колес, содержащем зубчатые валки с приводом их вращения и перемещения, образующие калибр, гладкий вспомогательный валок с механизмом регулировки его положения и шпиндель для заготов ки, ось гладкого вспомогательного валка наклонена к осям зубчатых валков и шпинделя для заготовки, при этом точка пересечения оси шпинделя для заготовки с проекцией оси гладкого вспомогательного валка на плоскость, проходящую через оси зубчатых валков, расположена на середине ширины калибра, а гладкий вспомогательный валок выполнен с вогнутой образующей.This goal is achieved by the fact that in the device for rolling gears containing gear rolls with a drive for their rotation and movement, forming a caliber, a smooth auxiliary roll with a mechanism for adjusting its position and a spindle for the workpiece, the axis of the smooth auxiliary roll is inclined to the axes of the gear rolls and the spindle for the workpiece, while the point of intersection of the spindle axis for the workpiece with the projection of the axis of the smooth auxiliary roll on a plane passing through the axis of the gear rolls is located in the middle of the width alibra and smooth auxiliary roll is formed with a concave generatrix.

На фиг. 1 изображено устройство, общий вид; на фиг. 2 - сечение А-А на фиг. 1; на фиг. 3 ~ развертка цилиндрической поверхности венца накатываемого колеса по вершинам зубьев для определения минимального угла наклона оси гладкого вспомогательно10 го валка.In FIG. 1 shows a device, a General view; in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 ~ scan of the cylindrical surface of the crown of the rolling wheel along the tops of the teeth to determine the minimum angle of inclination of the axis of the smooth auxiliary 10th roll.

Устройство содержит зубчатые валки 1 и 2 с ребордами 3 и 4, привод вращения и перемещения зубчатых вал-, ков (не показаны), гладкий вспомогательный валок 5 для обкатывания вершин, формуемых на заготовке 6 зубьев, и шпиндель 7 для заготовки. Гладкий вспомогательный валок 5 установлен в качалке 8 с возможностью свободного вращения относительно оси 9, наклоненной к осям зубчатых валков 1 и 2. Гладкий вспомогательный валок 5 выполнен с вогнутой образующей 10, при этом наружная поверхность его контактирует с цилиндрической поверхностью заготовки 6 по винтовой линии. Качалка 8 установлена с возможностью качания на втулке, размещенной в кронш-³⁵тейне 11 соосно скалке 12 и через ось 13 и ролик 14 опирается на плоский копир 15, жестко связанный с тягой 16, Кронштейн 11 смонтирован на скалках 12 и 17 с возможностью сво- ⁴⁰водного перемещения вдоль их осей. Скалки 12 и 17 жестко закреплены между верхней и нижней плитами центральной рамки устройства (не показаны).The device comprises gear rolls 1 and 2 with flanges 3 and 4, a drive for rotating and moving the gear rolls, gears (not shown), a smooth auxiliary roll 5 for rolling over the vertices formed on the workpiece 6 teeth, and a spindle 7 for the workpiece. A smooth auxiliary roller 5 is installed in the rocker 8 with the possibility of free rotation relative to the axis 9, inclined to the axes of the gear rolls 1 and 2. The smooth auxiliary roller 5 is made with a concave generatrix 10, while its outer surface contacts the cylindrical surface of the workpiece 6 along a helical line. The rocking chair 8 is installed with the possibility of swinging on a sleeve placed in the bracket- ³⁵ chain 11 coaxially with the rolling pin 12 and through the axis 13 and the roller 14 is supported on a flat copier 15, rigidly connected with the rod 16, the Bracket 11 is mounted on the rolling pins 12 and 17 with the possibility of ⁴⁰ water movements along their axes. Rolling pins 12 and 17 are rigidly fixed between the upper and lower plates of the central frame of the device (not shown).

Устройство работает следующим об- ⁴⁵разом.The device operates as follows ⁴⁵ times.

Заготовка 6 устанавливается на шпиндель 7 в рабочую позицию. При этом кронштейн 11 на скалках 12 и 17 находится в верхнем положении относи- ⁵⁰тельно центральной рамки, выше уровня рабочей позиции, и поэтому не препятствует свободной загрузке заготовки 6. Плоский копир 15 находится в крайнем левом положении, что обеспе- ⁵⁵чивает отвод гладкого вспомогательного валка 5 от заготовки 6. После установки заготовки 6 на шпиндель 7 кроншThe workpiece 6 is mounted on the spindle 7 in the working position. Moreover, a bracket 11 on the rolling pin 12 and 17 is in the upper position relative Tel'nykh central frame ^50, above the working position and therefore does not prevent the free loading the workpiece 6. The flat cam 15 is in the leftmost position as Collateral ⁵⁵ Chiva smooth retraction auxiliary roll 5 from the workpiece 6. After installing the workpiece 6 on the spindle 7 crown

942854 4 тейн 11 со смонтированным на нем механизмом подачи гладкого вспомогательного валка 5 перемещается вниз таким образом, что вспомогательный валок 5 оказывается на уровне заготовки 6. При этом точка пересечения оси шпинделя 7' накатываемой заготовки 6 с проекцией оси гладкого вспомогательного валка 5 на плоскость, проходящую через оси зубчатых валков, располагается на середине ширины калибра, образованного зубчатыми валками 1 и 2. Копир 15 под действием штока гид·' роцилиндра (не показаны) перемещается вправо и, воздействуя на опорный ролик 14, поворачивает качалку 8 против часовой стрелки, обеспечивая кон такт гладкого вспомогательного валка 5 с наружной поверхностью заготовки 6. В процессе накатки при увеличении высоты зубьев центральная рамка устройства и связанный с ней кронштейн 11 с механизмом подачи гладкого вспомогательного валка 5 перемещается вместе со шпинделем 7 для заготовки 6 в направлении неподвижного упора 18. При этом копир 15, упираясь тягой 16 в неподвижный упор 18, перемещается влево относительно кронштейна 11, осу ществляя отвод гладкого вспомогательного валка 5 от оси заготовки 6 при постоянном контакте их поверхностей по мере внедрения зубчатых валков 1 и 2 в заготовку 6 и роста высоты ее зубьев.. При этом гладкий вспомогательный валок 5 с вогнутой образующей 10 и наклоненной относительно осей зубчатых валков 1 и 2 и шпинделя 7 для заготовки 6 осью вращения, контактируя непрерывно с заготовкой по винтовой линии, обеспечивает формование цилиндрической поверхности вершин зубьев (с прямолинейной образующей, параллельной оси заготовки). По окончании цикла накатки заготовки 6 копир 15 дополнительно перемещается влево и гладкий вспомогательный валок 5 отводится от заготовки 6, а кронштейн 11 с механизмом подачи вспомогательного валка перемещается в верхнее крайнее положение. Заготовка 6 с накатанными зубьями извлекается из устройства. Затем цикл повторяется.942854 4 tein 11 with a feed mechanism for a smooth auxiliary roll 5 mounted on it is moved down so that the auxiliary roll 5 is at the level of the workpiece 6. The intersection point of the axis of the spindle 7 'of the rolling blank 6 with the projection of the axis of the smooth auxiliary roll 5 on a plane, passing through the axis of the gear rolls, is located in the middle of the width of the caliber formed by gear rolls 1 and 2. The copier 15 moves to the right under the action of the hydraulic guide cylinder (not shown) and, acting on the support roller 14 , rotates the rocker 8 counterclockwise, ensuring the contact of the smooth auxiliary roll 5 with the outer surface of the workpiece 6. During rolling, with an increase in the height of the teeth, the central frame of the device and the associated bracket 11 with the feed mechanism of the smooth auxiliary roll 5 moves together with the spindle 7 for the workpiece 6 in the direction of the fixed stop 18. In this case, the copier 15, abutting the thrust 16 against the fixed stop 18, moves to the left relative to the bracket 11, discharging the smooth auxiliary roll 5 о t axis of the workpiece 6 with constant contact of their surfaces as the gear rolls 1 and 2 penetrate into the workpiece 6 and the height of its teeth increases. In this case, a smooth auxiliary roll 5 with a concave generatrix 10 and inclined relative to the axes of the gear rolls 1 and 2 and spindle 7 for the workpiece 6 with the axis of rotation, in continuous contact with the workpiece along a helical line, provides the formation of a cylindrical surface of the tooth peaks (with a rectilinear generatrix parallel to the axis of the workpiece). At the end of the rolling cycle of the workpiece 6, the copier 15 is additionally moved to the left and the smooth auxiliary roll 5 is withdrawn from the workpiece 6, and the bracket 11 with the auxiliary roll feed mechanism is moved to the upper extreme position. The knurled blank 6 is removed from the device. Then the cycle repeats.

Угол у наклона оси гладкого вспомогательного валка 5 к осям зубчатых валков 1 и 2 определяется высотой зубчатого венца заготовки 6 и величиной шага зубьев прокатанного колеса с_ учетом того, что проекция линии контакта валка с заготовкой 6 на плоскость, перпендикулярную оси заготовки 6, должна быть не менее величины шага зубьев колеса. 5The angle at the inclination of the axis of the smooth auxiliary roll 5 to the axes of the gear rolls 1 and 2 is determined by the height of the gear ring of the workpiece 6 and the tooth pitch of the rolled wheel s_, taking into account that the projection of the contact line of the roll with the workpiece 6 on a plane perpendicular to the axis of the workpiece 6 should not be less than the pitch of the teeth of the wheel. 5

На фиг. 3 изображена развертка цилиндрической поверхности венца накатываемой заготовки 6 по вершинам зу-\ бьев с проекциями на эту развертку осей 0.0. накатываемой заготовки 6 »0 _Л „ 1 4 и ОлО^ гладкого вспомогательного валка * и линии КС контакта гладкого вспомогательного валка 5 и накатываемой заготовки 6. Из треугольника СКД можно определить минимальный угол у 15 наклона проекции оси гладкого вспомогательного валка 5 на плоскость, проходящую через оси зубчатых валков 1 и2, по формуле γ = arctg -g- ,In FIG. 3 shows a scan of the cylindrical surface of the crown of the rolling blank 6 along the vertices of the teeth with projections of 0.0 axes onto this scan. of the rolled billet 6 »0 _Л „ 1 4 and ОЛО ^ of the smooth auxiliary roll * and the contact line KS of the smooth auxiliary roll 5 and the rolled billet 6. From the SKD triangle, the minimum angle of 15 of the projection of the axis of the smooth auxiliary roll 5 onto the plane passing through the axis of the gear rolls 1 and 2, according to the formula γ = arctan -g-,

Повышение точности накатки позволит отказаться от механической обработки поверхности вершин зубьев накатанных колес.Improving the accuracy of knurling will allow you to abandon the mechanical surface treatment of the tops of the teeth of the knurled wheels.

Claims

The invention relates to the processing of metals by pressure, in particular to the hot rolling of gears. A device for rolling gear wheels is known, which includes toothed rolls with a drive for rotating and moving them, forming a gauge, a smooth auxiliary roll with a mechanism for adjusting its position, and a spindle for the workpiece. The axes of the rolling wheel and the smooth auxiliary roll in this device are parallel to TI. A disadvantage of the known device is that with parallel arrangement of the axes of the rolled wheel and the smooth auxiliary roll, the contact between them is made during the rolling of the smooth auxiliary roll along the top of the molded tooth. This causes the intermittent contact of the smooth auxiliary roll with the rolled wheel during rolling, which leads to the oscillation of the forces acting in the pair of a smooth auxiliary roll - product, from zero to maximum with frequency nZ, where n is the frequency of rotation of the product; Z is the number of teeth of the product. During hot rolling of wheels with a modulus of 7–11 mm, the force in this pair reaches 5–10 ts and their sharp fluctuations adversely affect the accuracy of the rolled wheels, the durability of the rolling mills and the rolling tools. The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of the rolled wheels and eliminate vibrations during the rolling process by creating a constant contact of the smooth auxiliary roll with the rolled wheel. The goal is achieved by the fact that, in a rolling gear device, containing toothed rolls with their rotation and displacement drives, forming a gauge, a smooth auxiliary roll with a mechanism for adjusting its position and a spindle for preparation, the axis of the smooth auxiliary roll is inclined to the gear axes rolls and a spindle for the workpiece, while the point of intersection of the axis of the spindle for the workpiece with the projection of the axis of the smooth auxiliary roll to the plane passing through the axes of the toothed rolls is located in the middle of the neck gauge widths and smooth auxiliary roll is formed with a concave generatrix. FIG. 1 shows the device, a general view; in fig. 2 is a section A-A in FIG. one; Fig. 3 shows the development of the cylindrical surface of the crown of the rolling wheel along the tips of the teeth to determine the minimum angle of inclination of the axis of the smooth auxiliary roll. The device includes toothed rolls 1 and 2 with flanges 3 and 4, drives rotation and movement of toothed rolls (not shown), a smooth auxiliary roll 5 for rolling vertices formed on the teeth preform 6 and a spindle 7 for the workpiece. The smooth auxiliary roll 5 is installed in the rocking chair 8 for free rotation about an axis 9 inclined to the axes of the toothed rolls 1 and 2. The smooth auxiliary roll 5 is made with a concave generatrix 10, while its outer surface contacts the cylindrical surface of the workpiece 6 along a helix . The rocking wheel 8 is mounted with the possibility of swinging on a bushing placed in the bracket 11 coaxially with the rolling pin 12 and through the axis 13 and the roller 1 is supported on a flat copier 15 rigidly connected to the pull 16, the bracket 11 is mounted on the rolling pin 12 and 17 with the possibility of free movement along their axes. Rolling pins 12 and 17 are rigidly fixed between the upper and lower plates of the center frame of the device (not shown). The device works as follows. The workpiece 6 is installed on the spindle 7 in the working position. In this case, the bracket 11 on the rolling pins 12 and 17 is in the upper position relative to the central frame, above the level of the working position, and therefore does not prevent free loading of the workpiece 6. The flat copier 15 is in the leftmost position, which ensures that the auxiliary roll 5 is smooth from billet 6. After installing the billet 6 on the spindle 7, the crown of theyn 11 with the smooth auxiliary roll 5 feeding mechanism mounted on it moves downwards so that the auxiliary roll 5 is at the level of the blank 6. With this The point of intersection of the axis of the spindle 7 of the rolling billet 6 with the projection of the axis of the smooth auxiliary roll 5 onto the plane passing through the axes of the toothed rolls is located in the middle of the width of the gauge formed by the toothed rolls 1 and

2. The copier 15 is moved to the right by the action of the hydraulic cylinder rod (not shown) and, acting on the support roller 1A, rotates the rocking chair 8 counterclockwise, ensuring the contact of the smooth auxiliary roll 5 with the outer surface of the workpiece 6. During the knurling process with increasing teeth height the central frame of the device and the arm 11 connected to it with the feed mechanism of the auxiliary roller 5 move together with the spindle 7 for the workpiece 6 in the direction of the fixed stop 18. At the same time, the copier 15, abutted by the bar 16 The sliding stop 18 moves to the left relative to the bracket 11 by pulling the smooth auxiliary roll 5 from the axis of the workpiece 6 with constant contact of their surfaces as the toothed rolls 1 and 2 are inserted into the workpiece 6 and the height of its teeth grows. with the concave generatrix 10 and the toothed rolls 1 and 2 inclined relative to the axes and the spindle 7 for the workpiece 6, the axis of rotation, contacting continuously with the workpiece along a helix, ensures the formation of a cylindrical surface of the tops of the teeth (with eynoy generatrix parallel to the preform axis). At the end of the knurling cycle of the workpiece 6, the copier 15 additionally moves to the left and the smooth auxiliary roll 5 is retracted from the workpiece 6, and the bracket 11 with the auxiliary roll feed mechanism moves to the upper extreme position. A blank 6 with knurled teeth is removed from the device. Then the cycle is repeated. The angle y of the axis of the smooth auxiliary roll 5 to the axes of the toothed rolls 1 and 2 is determined by the height of the gearing of the workpiece 6 and the pitch of the teeth of the rolled wheel from 59 taking into account that the projection line of contact of the roll with the workpiece 6 on a plane perpendicular to the axis of the workpiece 6 must be not less than the pitch of the teeth of the wheel. FIG. Figure 3 shows the rolling of the cylindrical surface of the crown of the rolled billet 6 along the tops of the teeth with the projections of the axes of the rolled billet 6 and OOO2 of the smooth auxiliary roller 5 and the COP line of the contact of the smooth auxiliary roll 5 and the rolled billet 6. The minimum surface can be determined the angle of inclination of the projection of the axis of the smooth auxiliary roll 5 to the plane passing through the axes of the toothed rolls 1 and 2, according to the formula J-arct9, where Pd is the tooth pitch of the rolled workpiece; In - the width of the gear rim of the workpiece. The positive effect of the implementation of the invention is achieved as a result of reducing the oscillation of the force in a pair of smooth auxiliary roll-bKa when the workpiece is rotated by one step, eliminating the device vibration and, therefore, improving the accuracy of the gearing of the gears, increasing the service life of gears and gears. rolls Increasing the accuracy of knurling will allow you to refuse the machining of the surface of the tops of the teeth and rolled wheels. Claims An apparatus for rolling gears, comprising toothed rolls with a drive for rotating and moving them, forming, a caliber, a smooth auxiliary roll with a mechanism for adjusting its position and a spindle for the workpiece, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of the rolled wheels and eliminate vibrations the rolling process by creating a constant contact of the smooth auxiliary roll with the rolled wheel, the axis of the smooth auxiliary vdl is tilted to the axes of the toothed rolls and the spindle for bale application, the point of intersection of the spindle axis to the workpiece axis with the projection of the auxiliary smooth roll on a plane extending through the axes of the toothed rollers, located in the middle of the width of the caliber, and the auxiliary roll is made smooth with a concave generatrix. Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. USSR author's certificate W 503619, cl. B 21 N 5/02, 23.12.7 (prototype).