SU903985A2 - Analogue storage device - Google Patents

Description

(54) ANALOG STORAGE DEVICE

 The invention relates to analog computing technology and can be used in analog information processing devices, automation devices, and measure computing and computing equipment. According to the main author. St. No. 76588О is a well-known analog storage device that contains subtracting and summing units, two level locks, a recording unit, a storage element with destructive reading of information, a reading unit and a control unit. However, the known analog storage device allows only a single information reading, which narrows it using. The purpose of the invention is to improve the accuracy of the device while providing multi-information reading. The delivered circuit is achieved by introducing a comparison unit into the device, digital-analogue conversion, scaling factor setting bpok And the switch, the first input of which is input device, the second input is connected to the output of the digital-analogue converter, the third input is connected to the output of the control unit, and the output is connected to the input side of the subtraction, while the output of the control unit is connected to the first input of the unit for setting the scale factor, the second input of which is connected to the output of the comparison unit, the first input of which is Connected to the output of the readout unit, the second input to the output of the digital-to-analog converter, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the block for setting the scale factor, and the output of the digital-to-analog converter is the output of the device. FIG. 1 shows a bpoc-scheme of the device; in fig. 2 - the principle of binding the analog value to the reference level; in fig. 3 - ideological characteristic of the write-read of the memory element; on phi 4 - simplified

temporary diagram of operation of the analog memory block.

The device (Fig. 1) contains a commutator 1, a subtracting unit 2, a summing unit 3, two clamps 4 and 5 levels, a control unit 6, a recording unit 7,. storage element 8, readout block 9, bw 10 set of the mass-factor coefficient, digital-to-analogue converter 11, block 12 compare.

The device works in the following way.

Repeated reading of information in the proposed device is carried out by using the principle of regeneration. For this readout, the readout information is stored and converted on some buffer device for the regeneration time and this information is written to the wrinkling element. - is used as a buffer storage device. digital-anpogovy system, sbsta sha from block 1O of the task of the scale factor. digital to analogue converter 11 and comparison unit 12. The algorithm for operating the avatalog memory device in the regeneration mode is as follows. After the first destructive readout, the read analog value is assigned to the reference level (level quantization) and this level is written to the memory element with a given accuracy. However, an accumulation of error is possible as the number of readings increases, which is explained by the following reasons. Let an analog value be recorded in the storage element, the level of which is between the permitted levels X and X. (Fig. 2a). The first read is linked to the level X and is written to this level with a certain error. If the level recorded during regeneration turns out to be at least a little bit less than the level X, then at the second reading, the level X will be recorded, this level will be recorded. In the third reading, a reference to the level of X.j, etc., will occur, i.e. an accumulation of error occurs. If, however, when recording any level, k for Mepy i, the error will have a different sign, i.e. If the recorded level exceeds the value of X by a certain value, then the accumulated error does not occur. Considering that in the course of work errors of both signs are possible and, well, possibly,

the accumulation of the error, the operation of the device is constructed in the following manner.

After binding the read analog value to the reference level X to none, the half step is added quantum or level and the signal is recorded (Fig. 26). As a result, if the error of the token does not exceed half of the quantization step by level, which is ensured by the correct choice of this step, no accumulation of error occurs with an unlimited number of readings.

Claims (2)

To record information in the regeneration mode, pulsed negative feedback is used, which allows you to control the recording process and produce it with the required accuracy. . The whole time interval of regeneration of several time intervals, hereinafter referred to as cycles, each of which consists of two cycles: destructive reading and writing information. In this case, the operation of the device is described by a system of nonlinear difference equations y – y t y V ъ pa snti-l) OUT (o) 6bix (i) (i) f-ozpi-1) under initial conditions zp (o) 8th (o) where t 1, 2, 3, ...; ay (o) value of the output signal when first read in the zero cycle, converted by the digital-analog system. Suppose that the initial state of the storage element 8 corresponds to a certain value of the input analog values recorded in the previous work process (operating point in position 1 in Fig. 3). Let it be in the zero cycle, at the moment of time t, a read start pulse arrives at the input of the control unit 6 (Fig. 4a). The control unit 6 generates a pulse (Fig. 4C). coming to the third input of the switch 1, which connects the output of the converter 11 to the first input of the subtracting unit 2 for the regeneration time. Simultaneously, the control unit 6 generates a pulse (Fig. 4f), arriving at the second input of the readout unit 9, and in the interval a destructive reading of information from the storage element 8 is performed. At the same time, its operating point moves to position 2 in FIG. 3. The readout unit 9 generates an output signal, Hsu (o) (FIG. 4i), having set 590 the value of which is equal (within the specified accuracy) to the previously recorded anapowectics. At the end of the step-by-step process in the read side 9, from time t, the control side 6 forms a sequence of impulses (FIG. 4d) arriving at the input of the scaling factor setting unit 10 which provides for signaling such digital-to-threshold converter weights 11 so that a signal is formed at its output An exponent (o) that differs from a read signal by an amount not exceeding the value of a lower weight signal (bit). In this way; the reading is carried out of the value Y | yx (o) to the reference level X of breaths (o)), i.e. quantization by level. At the instant of termination of the quantization process tx, determined by the comparator unit 12, a pulse is formed at its output (Fig. 4p) arriving at the second input of the unit Yu specifying the scale factor. Under the action of this pulse, 1/2 of the lower-weight signal (discharge) is added to the output signal Hbych (o) of the cyto-analogue converter 11 and at its output a form-pc signal Ljyjf (o), which remains unchanged until the end of the regeneration process ( Fig. 4o) is a signal written to an analog storage device in this mode. At time ij, the control unit 6 generates a pulse (Fig. 4c) appearing at the second input of the first latch 4 of the level, which is set to the zero state in the interval tj-t (Fig. 4 | f). In the interval, the subtracting unit 2 generates an output signal (Fig.), Equal to the difference of the output signals of the analog-to-analogue converter 11 and the reading unit 9. Summing block 3 produces the addition of this difference with the output signal of the first latch 4 level (Fig. 4k). At the instant of time lc, the control unit 6 generates a pulse (Fig. 4c) arriving at the second input of the second latch of level 5, which in the interval t ,, - ty tracks and, since ty, remembers the value of the signal at its first input (Fig. 44) the next tsikt. At the time point ty, the control unit 6 generates a pulse (Fig. 4e) supplied to the second input of the recording unit 7, generating a recording signal (Fig. 4), whose amplitude is equal to (or proportional to 856 on) the value of the output signal of the latch 5, and is produced The first entry is in the storage space 8. At the same time, its operating point moves to position 3 in Fig. 3. At the same time, the control unit 6 of the form 1: the driver (Fig. 4-1) arrives at the third input of the latch 4, which is in the interval tj-t monitors and since time t {, zapo takes the value of s The value written in this cycle (Fig. 4 (). Since the write-read characteristic of the storage element 8 is substantially non-linear (Fig. H), its state after the first record does not correspond to the required one (the operating point in Fig. 3 should be in position 1) This discrepancy is eliminated in the subsequent cycles of the device operation. In the first cycle, in the read cycle, the destructive reading of the value recorded in the zero cycle is performed. In this case, the operating point of the storage element (FIG. 3) moves from position 3 to position 2. The read block 9 generates the output signal (Fig. 4i), which is compared with the signal of the analog converter 11, Subtracting block 2, the error signal (x ((xfo (Fig. 44,), which is added by the summing block 3 with the signal) Cq) () (Fig. 4c) corresponding to the write signal in the previous cycle. At the end of the transient processes in Blogs 9 read, subtract 2 and add 3 blocks, level 5 lock in time interval t-fQ tracks and from the time Q remembers the incoming from the output of the summing block 3 (Fig. 41). In tact recording under the action of the pulse supplied from control unit 6 (Fig. 4c), the recording unit 7 forms a signal dependent X5 ()) (, Hfig. 4) and is produced in a second recording Retentive. element 8. At the same time, its operating point moves to position 4 (Fig. 3). Simultaneously with this, the latch 4 of the level monitors and stores (fixes) the signal value corresponding to the recording signal B of this cycle, i.e. Xsr () Hfg (4) BEFORE the next cycle (Fig. 4), If the state of the memory element 8 after the second recording does not correspond to the third one (as is the case in the considered example in Fig. 3), o in the second cycle again A signal-790 error occurs, taking into account the third recording, the operation of all elements of the device in the second and all supporting cycles occurs in the same way as in the first cycle. The regeneration process continues until the error value is less than the specified one (for the example shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the regeneration process ends in the third cycle). At the end of the regeneration process, the control unit 6 generates a reset pulse (Fig. 4b), which enters the input of the scale factor setting unit 10 and sets it to the initial state. At the same time, the impulse coming from the control unit 6 to the third input of the switch 1 ends, which now connects the first input of the subtraction unit to the device input, preparing the possibility of recording new information. Thus, the analog value is again stored in the analog storage device within the required accuracy, and the device is ready for the next reading or recording of the new information. It should be noted that the read analog value can be removed from the output of the readout block 9 in the time interval tJ, -tts, or from the output of the digital-analogue converter 11s from the time tt until the end of the regeneration process. In addition, from the output of the scale factor setting block, a digital equivalent (code) of the read value can be used for its further processing in digital form. The number of bits of the digital-analogue converter 11 is determined by the required accuracy of information regeneration. The proposed scheme remains unchanged if we are talking about the analog device behind the instrument that contains many storage elements. At the same time, the required number of storage elements and a device for sampling the corresponding element are added when reading. The algorithm of operation of the device in the regeneration mode remains the same in the case, if the memory element 8 has a symmetrical writing-read behavior, i.e. If it allows you to memorize the analog values of both polarities. The number of cycles N, which determines the regeneration band in the proposed device, depends on the type of characteristic of the recording record of the storage element 8 and the required accuracy of regeneration. Thus, the proposed device allows for multiple (almost unlimited) reading of information without accumulating an error. The invention Analog memory device according to the author. St. No. 765880, characterized in that, in order to increase the accuracy of the device while ensuring multiple readings of information, a comparison block, a digital-to-analog converter, a scale factor setting block and a switch, the first input of which is an input of the device, are entered into it, the second input is connected to the output of the digital-analog converter , the third input is connected to the output of the control unit, and the output is connected to the input of the subtraction unit, while the output of the control unit is connected to the first input of the scaling factor setting unit, second input of which is connected to the output of the comparison unit, the first input of which is connected to the output schityva1ga unit, the second input-to the output of the digital to analog converter having inputs connected to the outputs of the scale factor setting unit, and the output of the digital to analog gtreobrazovatel is output devices. Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. Copyright certificate CCCE No. 765880, cl. 6 11 C 27/00, 1979 (prototype). 2 Hzl {9 / X3rf7fJ HM (2GHZP13) fi.Z