SU899029A1 - Method of obtaining biological additive to fodder for larva and young fishes - Google Patents

Description

one

The invention relates to fish farming, in particular, to a method for producing a biological additive to feed of larvae and young fish.

A known method of obtaining a biological supplement to the food of larvae and young fish includes grinding the pancreas.

For enzyme preparations that have the ability to improve the processes of digestion in the small intestine, include pancreatin. This porzokok with a characteristic smell of dried animal tissue. It is used to treat sick people suffering from functional insufficiency of the stomach, pancreas, and small intestine. The active principle in pancreatin is enzymes - trypsin and amylase. Pancreatin is prepared by drying in a vacuum dryer (sublimator) at a temperature below ground milled on the pancreas. The dried object is ground in a ball mill and sieved, after which the powder (pancreatin) is ready for use.

Pancreatin has recently been successfully used in fish farming, it is added in various proportions to

production feed of fish, which contributes to the increase of their productivity.

In the known method it is envisaged to obtain food for trout and salmon, containing 45% of the prothin, 10-15% of carbohydrates, 10-30% of fat, vitamin E bile, with the addition of 3-5% of the pancreas, crushed in a chopper (or pancreatinogen) Ami10 Laz Malt. The enzyme additive in the feed in question is nothing in vim, as it is milled by the pancreas and introduced into the feed in a wet or in a dried state 15 nii.

The disadvantage of this supplement is incomplete (only autocatalytic) activation of pancreatic enzymes and the inconsistency of the reaction medium for

20 enzyme action. After grinding the pancreas and adding water, a homogenate is obtained with a pH of 6.8-6.9, and for the optimum effect of pancreatinogen enzymes, it is necessary to have a pH of 7.5-8.0.

The disadvantage of this method is also the limited possibilities of its application. This is a production feed of only jjjia trout and salmon and is completely unsuitable for use.

it as a starter feed for rearing larvae, and also as a production feed for other fish species.

In addition to pancreatic enzymes and malt amylase, it does not contain other enzymes, and pancreatic enzymes do not completely break down food ingredients and do not ensure absorption of the final breakdown products of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. As a result, fish growth is slow.

One of the drawbacks of this method is that the dietary supplement in it corresponds to a well-defined high-fat diet (up to 30%). This amount of fat requires the additional introduction of vitamin E into the feed, as an antioxidant of fat and bile, as an emulsifier of fat. All this increases the cost of feed and increases the cost of production (fish). In addition, the feed is unstable to microorganisms during long-term storage, as it does not contain any preservative, which leads to a decrease in survival rate during feeding.

The currently existing recipes for starter and production feeds include all nutrients necessary for a growing body (proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, mineral salts), but they lack enzymes that would contribute to the complete digestion of feed constituents and maximum utilization, nutrients they contain.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the absorption of nutrients by fish.

To achieve this goal, the limestone method, including the grinding of the pancreas in minced meat, in the latter additionally introduces the intestinal homogenate and sodium biocarbonate, and the resulting mixture is kept for 8-10 hours at 20-25 ° C with repeated mixing.

The essence of the invention is the introduction into the feed of a biological additive in a certain weight ratio from the milled pancreas and hemogenate of the small intestine, aged for at least 8-10 hours at 20-25 ° C, and sodium bicarbonate is added to this mixture and for preservation - salt.

The addition of bioadditives to the starter is aimed at obtaining an additional effect, ensuring full digestion in the still unformed digestive canal of fish larvae, due to which a higher percentage of their survival rate is achieved. In addition, the larvae

have a slightly larger mass, which increases their viability. Adding bio-additives to production feeds during the period of juvenile rearing allows to improve the processes of intestinal digestion and thereby increase feed utilization and increase the growth rate of fish, which ultimately makes it possible to produce industrial fish more productively and economically.

First, a wet form of bioadditive (VFBP) is obtained, which is then added to various types of feedstuffs. VFBP prepared a dry form of bioadditives (FPSP), which is an additive to starter feed. By adding a small intestinal homogenate, bicarbonate and sodium chloride to the mincemeat of the pancreas, a significant increase in the activity of pancreatic enzymes is observed in both the wet and dry forms of the preparation. With the homogenate of the small intestine, enterokinase activating trypoinogen and other enzymes of the small intestine is introduced into the bioadditive. These are tri- and dipeptidases (for example, alanyl-valine, glycyl-triptorefan, etc.) f maltose, sucrose. They then complete the digestion of proteins and carbohydrates, which contribute to the feed intake.

Figure 1, 2 and 3 shows the graphs of fish growth in experiments with the addition of VFBP.

The method is carried out as follows.

The wet form of the biopreparation is prepared according to the following scheme. Take 10 kg of fresh or frozen (defrosted) pancreas of pigs or cattle, grind into a cutting system with 2-3 mm diameter lattice holes and place in an enameled container (pan) of about 25-30 liters. On the same cutting unit they grind 1.5 kg of fresh or defrosted small intestine of the same animals (it is better to take portions of the intestine from nearby sections to the stomach). Stuffing from the small intestine is subjected to more ptsatelno grinding on a homogeneous mash (from the set of universal kitchen machine RT / 1). This is achieved by homogenizing the minced gut previously diluted in 3 liters of water at 4000 rpm for 5-7 minutes each serving. The resulting small intestine homogenate is transferred to a container of minced pancreas and 1200 g of bicarbonate soda and 400 g of common salt are added. All components are thoroughly mixed. Stirring the obtained mass is repeated every 25–30 min, and keeping at 22–25 ° C for 10–12 h. After this time, the enzyme activity is checked: the total protein activity of trypsin, chymotrypsin, enterokinase and one or two dipeptidae. The VFBP thus obtained is added to the production feed in an amount of 7.0-7.5%, which is then granulated and stored in a refrigerator until it is fed to the fish. The dry form of the biopreparation is prepared as follows. Take 6 kg of a freshly prepared wet form of a biological product and unfold it in a thin layer (1.5-2.0 cm) in a stainless steel pan. Then, the baking sheet is placed in the chamber of the sublimation apparatus so that the distance between the baking sheets in height is at least 10-15 cm. The contents of the trays are first frozen to 10-15 seconds, after which the pressure in the chamber is gradually reduced to 10 mm Hg . After 48-54 hours, the vacuum is gradually reduced to atmospheric pressure, the chamber is opened and the degree of drying of the object is checked. The dried biological product is ground in a large mortar or in a ball mill. Then they are sifted through a sieve 64. The pig mass is packaged in 1 kg plastic bags and stored in a refrigerator. The FEDP is added to the starter feed in an amount of 1-2%. Example 1. A moist form of a biopreparation obtained without adding a small intestine homogenate in the average contains () trypsin 787 milliards / chymotrypsin 7.2 units / g, total proteolytic activity 20 units / g. A biological product made from the same raw material, but with the addition of a small intestinal homogenate, according to the proposed scheme, has an average of (): trypsin 1216 milliad / g, chymotrypsin 10.6 u / g, total proteolytic activity 28.6 u / g. From this example, it can be seen that the addition of the small intestine homogenate to the biological preparation obtained from the pancreas according to the proposed scheme leads to an increase in the activity of pancreatic enzymes. Thus, the activity of chymotrypsin increases by 47% of trypsin by 54% and the total proteolytic activity by 39%. The activity of feEentants also increases in the dry form of a biological product when the homogenate is included in its composition. Example 2. The dry form of biopr parata, obtained without the small intestine homogenate, contains on average (): trypsin 2111 millied / g, chymotrypsin 15.4 u / g, total proteolytic activity 54 u / g. Such a form of a biological product, made of lenna with the addition of small intestinal homogenate, contains on average (): trypsin 3720 milliad / g, chymotrypsin 21.3 units / g, total proteolytic activity 75 units / g. In this case, the trypsin activity is increased by 54%, chymotrypsin by 38% and total proteolytic activity by 3j%. In addition, the FSBP contains its own intestinal enzymes: enterokinase 19 U / g, alanyl-valine dipeptidase 190 mln / g, glycyl-tyrosine dipeptidase 148 mln / g and other enzymes. FPPP contains 66 U / g enterokinases, 652 milliliters / g alanyl-valine dipeptidase, 419 milliards / g of glycyl-tyrosine, etc. The wet form of the biological product is introduced in an amount of 7% of the total feed mass, used for growing trout, it contains,%: fish meal 15, m flour 2, flour shelter for 3, wheat flour 7, water flour (kelp) 1, sunflower meal 54, grass flour (lucerne) 1, d { burns hydrolysis 10, phosphatides 6, premix POR-18 (a complex of vitamins) 1. For growth of channel catfish, BSFP adds from the same amount to the feed mixture OR-1c,%: fish flour 10.1, flour m juice 7.9, wheat flour 14, corn flour 19.6, grass flour 5, sunflower meal 8.4, soybean meal 10,, hydrolysis yeast 20, phosphatides 4, premix PG-11. Both feed mixtures given with the addition of the biopreparation are well granulated. The dry form of the biological product is introduced into the ORK-1c starter feed in the amount of 1-2%, which is used to grow the carp larvae and carp. This feed contains,%: fish meal 38, wheat flour 3, bone flour 1, algae flour 2, powdered milk 5, egg porcion 27, yeast 6, soybean meal 16, premix 2. The food mixture with the addition of FAPP is stored in the refrigerator. The proposed FSAC can be manufactured centrally and sent to the hatcheries of the country's fish factories. The method of obtaining the additive, which includes not only pancreatic enzymes, but also small intestinal enzymes, makes it possible to increase the productivity of rearing trout, canal catfish and other fish, as well as significantly increase the survival of their larvae. When tested under conditions close to production at an experimental fish-breeding plant, Krasnodar, Krasnodar branch of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Pond Fishery, it was established that with a balanced

the feed ration for protein, carbohydrates and lipids and the same number of feed units in the control and experience with the addition of VFBP, the increase in commodity trout is 12% (figure 1), and with an increase in the daily ration more than 13% (figure 2). When growing ka: a catfish (fig.Z), the increase reaches 16%.

Tests with the inclusion of the FSBP in the starter feed, conducted under the conditions of the experimental Red breeding plant; 30-50% more than in similar households in the country). When the atom increases, the mass of the larvae.

which in turn increases their resilience.

Claims (1)

1. Austria patent 323541, cl. 53 19, published. 1975. // a% - I & / J- 101Shch ili 16 / fv ATIsA FIG. 1 Pass (ffd lW IsM W 15 / m W fig 3Aft / ff f fsSfatufaffu