RU2297154C2 - Method for feed production for sturgeon young fish - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: feedstuff production.

SUBSTANCE: claimed method includes introducing of animal-derived hydrolyzate into feed mixture with addition of organic and inorganic acids (pH 4.0-5.0) and homogenate of sturgeon internal organs with hydrolysis depth of 55-75 %.

EFFECT: accelerated fish growth and decreased feed consumption.

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Description

The invention relates to fish farming, in particular to fodder production, and can be used in the development of compound feeds for juvenile sturgeon fish, marine aquaculture and other farm animals.

The main component of the starter feed nutrients for juvenile sturgeon fish is protein, as a source of essential and non-essential amino acids. A known method of cooking fish feed for sturgeon, where the main source of protein is fish meal, as well as flour from krill, other aquatic organisms and animals (see USSR patent No. 1788880, 1993).

However, in the process of preparing flour of animal origin, easily digestible protein compounds are removed in the form of prepress broths during cooking, which significantly reduces the availability of residual protein for the assimilation of sturgeon by juveniles.

The closest in technical essence is the method of preparing starter feed for young sturgeon fish, in which dry ingredients, fish meal, yeast, plant components, a multivitamin premix, fish oil are introduced into the feed mixture. The nutrient composition of the feed is balanced by the level of essential amino acids, protein, fat, minerals, carbohydrates and energy (see the manual. Ponomarev S.V. et al. Technologies for growing and feeding aquaculture facilities in southern Russia. Astrakhan, 2002, p. 24, 136).

However, this method does not take into account the need for sturgeon fish at different periods of the development of the organism (larval, fry, and adult) in protein compounds of a certain molecular weight, which is of great importance for the development of juvenile fish, because It is associated with different digestibility of protein structures during hydrolysis by proteolytic enzymes of fish. This disadvantage is the reason for the low growth rate of juvenile fish, their poor survival and high feed consumption, because The process of protein digestion is complicated.

The technical task is to create a method of preparing food for juvenile sturgeon fish, which allows to increase the fish growth rate, their survival and reduce feed costs by increasing feed digestibility.

The technical result of increasing the growth rate and reducing feed costs is achieved by the fact that in the known method of preparing food for juvenile sturgeon fish, comprising mixing the components of animal and vegetable origin, fat and a multivitamin premix, the protein component of animal origin is hydrolyzed to a depth of 55- before being introduced into the feed mixture. 75% In this case, the resulting hydrolyzate is introduced into the feed mixture in an amount of 5-25% by weight of the feed.

Hydrolysis of the protein component of animal origin to a depth of 55-75% ensures the optimal content in the hydrolyzate of such final protein products as free amino acids, oligopeptides with M.m. 600-1800 daltons (28.7%), polypeptides with M.m. 2500-3700 daltons (16.56%), polypeptides with M.M. 4500-6500 daltons (18.6%), as well as low molecular weight soluble protein with M.m. 25-35 thousand daltons (18.7%), protein with M.m. 55-60 thousand daltons (8.5%), 70-76 thousand daltons (8.7%), and high molecular weight protein with M.m. 120 thousand daltons (1.5%). A hydrolyzate with an average hydrolyzate depth (55-75%) is characterized by a low content of free amino acids and oligopeptides and an increased level of digestible polypeptides, which favorably affects the development of larvae in the first few days when hatching from eggs, when proteolytic enzymes are almost not functioning. Free amino acids and oligopeptides, which are in small quantities in the hydrolyzate, are easily absorbed into the intestinal walls in the first days of exogenous nutrition of sturgeon larvae without attack of proteases. This stimulates the growth and development of juveniles. The presence in the hydrolyzate of a high level of polypeptides with M. 2500-3700 daltons ensures the normal development of the protease enzyme complex in the pre-males. These polypeptides are easily broken down by enzymes and digested. The presence of a high molecular weight water-soluble protein (M. m.more than 10 thousand daltons and polypeptides with a mass of 4500-6500 daltons) activates the further development of the digestive and enzyme systems of fish, juveniles reach the fry period of development and can then consume compound feed with a complex protein structure without prior hydrolysis.

Hydrolysates with a hydrolysis depth of less than 55% contain predominantly high molecular weight protein and free amino acids. This leads to poor development of sturgeon larvae and excessive consumption of food. Hydrolysates with a deep degree of hydrolysis (more than 75%) contain a lot of free amino acids and oligopeptides, the excess of which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of protein assimilation, which also negatively affects the development of fish larvae, their survival and leads to poor feed eatability due to a stop in the development of enzyme system.

The hydrolyzate of the protein component of animal origin is introduced into the feed mixture in an amount of 5-25% by weight of the feed, since this amount satisfies the need of fish for essential amino acids and the optimal level of easily digestible protein fractions. When a hydrolyzate is introduced into the feed mixture in an amount of less than 5% by weight, the amount of easily digestible peptides in the feed is insufficient for the full development of sturgeon larvae in the early stages of development. The introduction of more than 25% hydrolyzate into the feed leads to an excess of free amino acids and oligopeptides, which further inhibit the development of fish own proteolytic enzymes in fish and lead to a decrease in their growth.

Example 1. Prepared several food options for juvenile sturgeon fish, the main composition: hydrolyzate, fish meal, dry back, yeast, vitazar, fish oil, multivitamin premix PF-2V.

In early ontogenesis in sturgeon larvae, upon transition to exogenous nutrition, the formation of the digestive system continues for 21 days. A stomach, digestive glands are formed, the number of pyloric appendages increases, the activity of proteolytic enzymes increases, first trypsin-like, then pepsin-like. Particularly high demands on the composition of the food protein are distinguished by larvae of the whitefish.

As a component of animal origin, fish meal and hydrolysates with a hydrolysis depth of 65% were used.

The hydrolyzate was prepared from partial fish. The raw materials were crushed, organic and inorganic acids (pH 4.0-5.0) were added in a ratio of 100: 2, then a crushed mass of sturgeon internals was introduced, thermostated for 7 days at t = 35-36 ° C. Then, insoluble components of the feed and fat were separated by centrifugation, and the liquid part was dried. The resulting hydrolyzate with a hydrolysis depth of 65% was introduced into the feed mixture.

The prepared version of the feed was used to feed the early juveniles of sturgeon fish grown in aquariums with a capacity of 10 l at a water temperature of 16 ° C, an oxygen content of 8 mg / l, and the number of juveniles grown 500 pcs. and double repetition of the experiment. 10% of the mass of fish meal was replaced by a hydrolyzate. The increase was 874%, the survival rate of 68%, the cost of feed 0.9 units. (see table).

Example 2. Food for juvenile fish was prepared analogously to example 1. As a component of animal origin, a hydrolyzate with GG (depth of hydrolysis) of 55% was used and introduced into the feed mixture in an amount of 25% by weight of feed flour. This compound feed was used to feed juveniles grown according to the scheme shown in Example 1. As a result, over 21 days, the increase in fish mass was 815% with a survival rate of 63.8% and a feed cost of 1.0 units. (see table).

Example 3. Food for juvenile fish was prepared analogously to example 1, except that as a component of animal origin, the hydrolyzate with GG 75%. The hydrolyzate was introduced into the feed mixture in an amount of 5% by weight of fish meal. As a result, the final growth of fry was 743%, survival rate was 64.2%, and feed consumption was 1.2 units. (see table).

Implementation of the proposed method will allow for a shorter time to obtain a viable juvenile sturgeon (fry, migrants, smolts) with minimal losses (high survival 63-68%), low feed costs (0.9-1.2 units). This will also reduce the amount of scarce feed raw materials, planting larvae of fish, caviar, producers to obtain the required fry, downstream, smolts.

The proposed method can be used in the cultivation of juvenile fish in industrial conditions for stocking of natural reservoirs, ponds, lake-commodity farms.

TABLE
Fish and biological indicators of the cultivation of larvae and fry of Russian sturgeon on the proposed feed. Fish breeding indicators Fish flour The hydrolyzate with different depth of hydrolysis,% and the content in the feed mixture 55/25 65/10 75/5 Body mass. g: Initial 0,053 0.058 0.059 0,061 Ultimate 0.46 ± 0.12 0.76 ± 0.09 1.38 ± 0.35 0.49 ± 0.06 Growth, % 7.61 8.15 8.74 7.43 Survival rate,% 62.5 63.8 68.0 64,2 Feed costs, units 1,5 1,0 0.9 1,2

Claims (1)

A method of preparing food for juvenile sturgeon fish, comprising mixing components of animal and vegetable origin, fat and a multivitamin premix, characterized in that a hydrolyzate of animal origin is added to the feed mixture with the addition of organic and inorganic acids (pH 4.0-5.0) in a ratio of 100 : 2, with the addition of a homogenate of sturgeon viscera, the exposure time of the hydrolyzate is 7 days, the final hydrolysis depth is 55-75%.