KR101137009B1 - Feed for aquatic crustacea - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses aquatic shellfish aquaculture feed. Underwater crustacean aquaculture feed includes germinated brown rice powder; Rice bran powder; Spirulina powder; Ocher powder; And yeast powder. In addition, aquatic shellfish aquaculture feed, rice bran powder of 15% to 25% by weight; Spirulina powder in a weight ratio of 5% to 15%; Soybean powder in a weight ratio of 3% to 7%; Skimmed milk powder in a weight ratio of 3% to 7%; Ocher powder in a weight ratio of 3% to 7%; Yeast powder in weight ratio of 1% to 3%; Whey powder in weight ratio of 1% to 3%; Green tea powder in a weight ratio of 0.5% to 2%; And the balance includes germinated brown rice powder and other unavoidable impurities.

Description

Feed for aquatic crustacea

The present invention relates to aquatic shellfish aquaculture feed.

One of the most widely used biological foods for farmed fish is Brine Shrimp (also known as "altemere"). This brine shrimp is a brand name "Sea Monkey" is used as a durable hatching and breeding kit. Globally, the market for brine shrimp is about 300 billion won. Of these, the Korean market, which relies on imports, is between 3 billion and 6 billion won, accounting for 2% to 4% of global consumption.

However, the above-mentioned brine shrimp is generally relying on natural harvesting, which is already limited in order to meet the growing demand for aquaculture fish, and thus the price is rising internationally. In addition, the supply by the natural sampling, the production volume can vary greatly depending on the change of the environment of the sampling site, for example, weather fluctuations, and therefore the stability of the supply quantity and supply price is very low. In order to solve these problems, efforts have been made to develop alternative artificial feeds or to develop brine shrimp technology. However, alternative artificial feeds are nutritionally inferior to Brine Shrimp at this stage and are not guaranteed to contain toxicities from various additives or food safety. In addition, since the brine shrimp has a long growth period and a good environment, it does not create a durable egg, so the brine shrimp is difficult to lower production costs at this stage.

Underwater crustacean feed according to the present invention is to provide an underwater crustacean aquaculture feed which can be artificially farmed in large quantities aquatic crustaceans that can be used as a food for freshwater fish.

Underwater crustacean aquaculture feed according to the present invention for achieving the above technical problem, germinated brown rice powder; Rice bran powder; Spirulina powder; Ocher powder; And yeast powder.

Underwater crustacean aquaculture feed according to the present invention for achieving the above technical problem, rice bran powder of 15% to 25% by weight; Spirulina powder in a weight ratio of 5% to 15%; Soybean powder in a weight ratio of 3% to 7%; Skimmed milk powder in a weight ratio of 3% to 7%; Ocher powder in a weight ratio of 3% to 7%; Yeast powder in weight ratio of 1% to 3%; Whey powder in weight ratio of 1% to 3%; Green tea powder in a weight ratio of 0.5% to 2%; And the balance includes germinated brown rice powder and other unavoidable impurities.

Underwater crustacean aquaculture feed according to the present invention can provide a feed capable of farming abundant shrimp. Underwater crustacean aquaculture feed according to the present invention can increase the survival rate of abundant shrimp, and can increase the individual size of abundant shrimp.

1 is a photograph illustrating the biological characteristics of the fertilized shrimp.
Figure 2 is a photograph illustrating the generation stages of rich harvest shrimp.
Figure 3 shows the blending ratio of the underwater shellfish culture feed according to embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 4 shows the survival rate and individual size of the harvested farmed shrimp using the feed according to the embodiments of the present invention and the feed according to the comparative examples.

The embodiments of the present invention are described in order to more fully explain the present invention to those skilled in the art, and the following embodiments may be modified into various other forms, It is not limited to the embodiment. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, a preferred embodiment of the aquatic crustacean aquaculture feed according to the present invention will be described in detail. Underwater crustacean aquaculture feed according to the present invention can be used in the farming of arthropods inhabiting the water, for example, can be used for farming abundant shrimp or daphnia. Hereinafter, the case of using the aquatic crustacean aquaculture feed according to the present invention for aquaculture shrimp farming. However, this is exemplary and the present invention is not limited thereto.

The biological characteristics of the fertilized shrimp will be described in detail. Pungni shrimp are taxonomically belonging to Phylum Arthropoda, Subphylum Mandibulata, Class Crustacea, Order Anostraca, and Thamnocephalidae. Branchinella (genus name) kugenumaensis. Pung-nyeon shrimp are known to live only in Korea and Japan. Rich shrimp live in freshwater, and are found in stagnant crops such as reservoirs and rice fields, mainly found between May and August, and sometimes even in early October. Due to the industrialization and the development of farming technology, the use of pesticides has been decreasing and the rich shrimp farms are being reduced. Many of the large anarchy species, including the rich shrimp, have appeared in highly unstable habitats such as temporary ponds rather than in permanent waters, and have very unique ecological characteristics that limit the emergence of species as the environment changes. It has been the subject of interest. Ecological studies of large beetle species since the 1990s have revealed the ecological characteristics of each species in natural ecosystems related to reproduction, development, competition, and feeding, while in-laborating on species that can be directly utilized in various applied studies. Studies on aquaculture characteristics and aquaculture conditions are actively underway. By making good use of the rich harvest shrimp, various applications are possible. In other words, hatched young rich shrimp can be a good food for freshwater fish. In addition, the hatched young rich shrimp are sensitive to the environment and can be used as toxicological organisms. In addition, it can be used as an educational material for observing farmed shrimp from eggs.

1 is a photograph illustrating the biological characteristics of the fertilized shrimp. Referring to FIG. 1, the morphological characteristics of the fertilized shrimps are about 50 mm in length. The head is short in length and has two pairs of first antennas. The chest has 11 pairs of legs, which are used to select food to move or eat. The cylindrical boat has no legs. The male has a second antennae, which is used to fix the female during mating. The female has a raised ovisac containing eggs.

Figure 2 is a photograph illustrating the generation stages of rich harvest shrimp. Referring to Figure 2, the fertilized shrimp go through a stage of durability, larval stage and adult stage. Abundant shrimp is divided into sleeping and active stages. The sleeping stage exists in the form of a cyst, and the active stage lives in the water. Durable eggs generally have a length of about 220 μm, and unlike conventional eggs (egg), long-term survival is possible by itself if the hatching conditions are not satisfied. Durable eggs develop in the water for a certain period of time, up to the stage just before hatching, and below the temperature required for incubation, further growth, ie without hatching, stops hatching life activity and even the surface This can be dried. That is, to complete the biological response to the drying of the environment. The hatching conditions of the durable eggs include water quantity, water quality, dissolved oxygen, and water temperature. The larvae hatched from the endurance stage pass through the mmature stage, which develops into nauplius larvae, and strips several times to grow to adulthood and enter the adult stage. Abundant shrimp usually take about 10 days after hatching at standard temperature before they can lay eggs. Three days after hatching, it grows up to 2 mm, and when it is about 7 to 10 days after hatching, it becomes an adult that can give rise to a durable egg. In addition, after about 30 days after hatching, the length grows to 14 mm to 20 mm, and gradually dies after about 40 days after hatching.

Hereinafter will be described by comparing the results of farming a rich man shrimp using aquatic crustacean aquaculture feed according to embodiments of the present invention with the comparative examples. The other aquaculture conditions except for feed were the same for all cases as described below.

Durable eggs of Pungnyeon Shrimp were placed in a container with water (fresh water) and continuously lit for 24 hours using a fluorescent lamp. Durable eggs started hatching after about 6 hours, and larvae continued to hatch until about 48 hours. The hatched larvae were divided into 20 individuals and put into different containers, and 5 containers were used depending on the type of feed. Therefore, 100 hatched larvae were cultured for one feed. The hatched larvae were cultured under a 16: 8 photoperiod with a water temperature controlled in the range of 20 ° C. to 30 ° C. and a light and dark ratio of about 500 to 800 lux. As a food, a feed according to an embodiment of the present invention or a feed according to a comparative example was supplied in an appropriate amount. As abundant shrimp grow, the size of the individual grows.

The feed is composed of a powder form pulverized to 50 ㎛ to 100 ㎛ each, it is preferable to feed the food in advance before feeding to water. Add 50 g of water at a rate of 1 g of feed powder and shake to mix. Feeding was not provided on the first day of the fertile shrimp, and was fed after the second day. The amount and frequency of feeding may vary depending on the population and size of the fertilized shrimp, for example, feeding may be desirable four to five times a day. In addition, for example, based on the amount of feed fed during the first week of the first week after hatching, twice the feed was supplied during the first week of the second week, and three times the feed after the first week of the third week.

Feed according to embodiments of the present invention, germinated brown rice powder, rice bran powder, spirulina powder, soybean powder, skim milk powder, ocher powder, yeast powder, whey powder, green tea powder and the like. The main nutrients that each of the above components can supply are as follows. The brown rice powder can provide carbohydrates. The rice bran powder may provide fiber. The spirulina powder may provide a protein. The soybean powder and the skim milk powder may provide vegetable protein and animal protein, respectively. The yeast powder may provide an enzyme that aids in digestion. The ocher powder may provide a mineral. The whey powder and green tea powder may provide ingredients that increase immunity. However, the components may provide components having functions other than those described above, such as vitamins and minerals. In addition, the components are commercially available. For example, germinated brown rice powder, rice bran powder, soybean powder, ocher powder, and green tea powder were purchased from Korea's mental product. In addition, skim milk powder was purchased from Seoul Milk in Korea. Whey powder was purchased from Sogang Dairy in Korea. Spirulina powder was also purchased from Brine Shrimp Direct Company, USA. Below, the said component is demonstrated in detail.

Germinated brown rice (brown rice) is sprouted about 1mm to 5mm by supplying the appropriate moisture, temperature, and oxygen to the rice stripped chaff. When brown rice germinates, it contains nutrients that are different from the seed state. Sprouted brown rice contains components useful for living things such as vitamins, amino acids, enzymes, and superoxide dismutase (SOD). These nutrients increase the natural healing powers of living things and detoxify toxins. In addition, germinated brown rice compensates for the disadvantages of brown rice and white rice. Brown rice is rich in nutrients, but it is difficult to digest and has a rough texture. White rice loses most of its nutrients as it goes through the milling process. However, in the case of germinated brown rice, phytic acid, which hinders digestion of brown rice, germinates and is converted to phosphorus and inositol, so that digestion is well performed. In addition, germinated brown rice is not milled to maintain the rich nutrition of seeds. Germinated brown rice also contains more nutrients such as protein, dietary fiber, calcium, phosphorus, iron, and vitamins than brown rice. The nutrients of germinated brown rice are 66% in embryos (rice eyes), 29% in bran, whistle and endothelium, and 5% in endosperm.

Rice bran is a pulverized mixture of skins, seedlings, and whistle layers produced when the brown rice is milled to make white rice. Standard chemistry of rice bran is 13.5% moisture, 13.2% protein, 18.3% fat, 38.3% sugar, 7.8% fiber, and 8.9% ash. Rice bran is an organic source of fiber and contains various nutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin B group, vitamin E, iron and phosphorus minerals.

Spirulina is a mixed form of plant and animal, and about 30 species of cyanobacteria are known as future protein sources. Spirulina breeds in saltwater and salt lakes in the tropics, which are highly salty and highly alkaline. The individual is turquoise helical, typically 300 μm to 500 μm long and 8 μm wide. The components consist of 60% to 70% protein, 6% to 9% lipids, 15% to 20% carbohydrates. In addition, it contains vitamins, minerals, fiber, and the like. Moreover, pigment | dyes, such as a carotenoid, chlorophyll, and phycocyanin, are contained. It contains all the essential amino acids and is rich in the essential fatty acids linolenic acid and gamma linolenic acid. In addition, digestion absorption rate is 95% or more and digestion is good.

Yeast is the simplest form of eukaryotes. Since yeast can produce ethanol and carbon dioxide by fermenting sugars, yeast has long been used in beer production and fermentation of bread. Most yeasts do not live in the soil and live in high sugar concentrations, such as flower glands or fruit surfaces. Yeast itself is used in feed as a source of fat and protein. Yeast contains abundant vitamin B group, and may also contain vitamin D. The cell walls of yeast are composed mainly of glucans and metans, and in addition contain lipids, proteins, and small amounts of chitin. Within the cells, they have nuclei, mitochondria, vacuoles, and glycogen granules, and they are good at breathing as well as fermentation.

Loess generally refers to pressed and dingy soil, which is a sediment consisting of light-colored fine sand and clay of silt-sized particles (diameter 0.002 mm to 0.005 mm) that are carried and deposited by the wind. Ocher is not weathered well, and it is calcified by making angular vertical walls, mainly containing quartz, and containing fluorite and hornblende. Ocher is widely distributed in northern China, central Europe, North America, and North Africa. Korea has about 35% of the soil, which is well above the world average, of which about 15% is yellow and 20% is yellow soil. To reach

Powdered skim milk is made of powder by separating, removing and drying fat from milk, which can be stored for a long period of more than 1 year. It is used as reducing oil which is reduced back to milk when it is poured. It is higher protein and lower calorie than whole milk powder. It contains 355 kcal of calories per 100 g of skim milk powder, 35 g of protein, 1 g of fat, 1300 mg of calcium and 600 mg of sodium, and is low fat, high protein and high calcium. The process of separating the cream from crude oil, sterilizing for 15 seconds at 72 ℃, concentrated, preheated, filtered, spray dried at 63 ℃ through a high-pressure pump and then cooled to 32% to 2% to 4% moisture to seal the particles .

Whey is the liquid left after milk has solidified and filtered, a by-product of making cheese or casein from milk. Liquid whey is a pale yellow liquid with the majority of water, consisting of 4% to 5% lactose, up to 1% protein, a small amount of fat and ash. Whey contains relatively high levels of water-soluble proteins such as albumin.

Figure 3 shows the blending ratio of the underwater shellfish culture feed according to embodiments of the present invention. With reference to Figure 3, the mixing ratio of the components of the feed of the embodiments of the aquatic crustacean aquaculture feed will be described.

1. First embodiment of the present invention

The feed according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes germinated brown rice powder, rice bran powder, spirulina powder, ocher powder, and yeast powder. The rice bran powder may be 15% to 25% by weight, for example, may be about 20% by weight. The spirulina powder may be in a weight ratio of 5% to 15%, for example, in a weight ratio of about 10%. The loess powder may be 3% to 7% by weight, for example, may be about 5% by weight. The yeast powder may be 1% to 3% by weight, for example about 2% by weight. The balance is the germinated brown rice powder and other unavoidable impurities, for example, may be 50% to 76% by weight, for example about 63% by weight. The other unavoidable impurities include all impurities that may be undesirably included in each component or may be added during the preparation, storage, or feeding process of the feed.

2. Second embodiment of the present invention

The feed according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes germinated brown rice powder, rice bran powder, spirulina powder, ocher powder, yeast powder, soybean powder, and skim milk powder. The rice bran powder may be 15% to 25% by weight, for example, may be about 20% by weight. The spirulina powder may be in a weight ratio of 5% to 15%, for example, in a weight ratio of about 10%. The loess powder may be 3% to 7% by weight, for example, may be about 5% by weight. The yeast powder may be 1% to 3% by weight, for example about 2% by weight. The soybean powder may be 3% to 7% by weight, for example about 5% by weight. The skim milk powder may be in a weight ratio of 3% to 7%, for example, may be about 5% by weight. The balance is the germinated brown rice powder and other unavoidable impurities, for example, may be 36% to 70% by weight, for example about 53% by weight. In addition, the soybean powder and the skim milk powder may be replaced with each other to provide a protein component. That is, the skim milk powder may be replaced in place of the whole or part of the soybean powder. Or soybean powder may be replaced in place of all or part of the skim milk powder. For example, the soybean powder may be 6% to 14% by weight, for example about 10% by weight, in this case, the skim milk powder may not be included. On the other hand, for example, the skim milk powder may be 6% to 14% by weight, for example, may be about 10% by weight, in this case the soybean powder may not be included.

3. Third embodiment of the present invention

The feed according to the third embodiment of the present invention includes germinated brown rice powder, rice bran powder, spirulina powder, ocher powder, yeast powder, whey powder, and green tea powder. The rice bran powder may be 15% to 25% by weight, for example, may be about 20% by weight. The spirulina powder may be in a weight ratio of 5% to 15%, for example, in a weight ratio of about 10%. The loess powder may be 3% to 7% by weight, for example, may be about 5% by weight. The yeast powder may be 1% to 3% by weight, for example about 2% by weight. The whey powder may be 1% to 3% by weight, for example about 2% by weight. The green tea powder may be 0.5% to 2% by weight, for example about 1% by weight. The balance is the germinated brown rice powder and other unavoidable impurities, for example, may be 45% to 74.5% by weight, for example about 60% by weight.

4. Fourth embodiment of the present invention

The feed according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention includes germinated brown rice powder, rice bran powder, spirulina powder, ocher powder, yeast powder, soybean powder, skim milk powder, whey powder, and green tea powder. The rice bran powder may be 15% to 25% by weight, for example, may be about 20% by weight. The spirulina powder may be in a weight ratio of 5% to 15%, for example, in a weight ratio of about 10%. The loess powder may be 3% to 7% by weight, for example, may be about 5% by weight. The yeast powder may be 1% to 3% by weight, for example about 2% by weight. The soybean powder may be 3% to 7% by weight, for example about 5% by weight. The skim milk powder may be in a weight ratio of 3% to 7%, for example, may be about 5% by weight. The whey powder may be 1% to 3% by weight, for example about 2% by weight. The green tea powder may be 0.5% to 2% by weight, for example about 1% by weight. The balance is the germinated brown rice powder and other unavoidable impurities, for example, may be 31% to 68.5% by weight, for example about 50% by weight. For example, a total 1000g feed is about 500g germinated brown rice powder, about 200g rice bran powder, about 100g spirulina powder, about 50g ocher powder, about 20g yeast powder, about 50g soy powder, about 50g Skim milk powder, about 20 g of whey powder, and about 10 g of green tea powder. As described above in the second embodiment, the soybean powder and the skim milk powder may be replaced with each other.

5. Comparative Examples

As Comparative Example 1, harvested shrimps were cultured using commercially available chlorella powder. The chlorella powder has a larger particle size and a dry state than living chlorella cells, so that the chlorella powder floats on the surface of the water or sinks to the bottom when water contains water, making it difficult to feed the rich shrimp.

As Comparative Example 2, harvested shrimps were cultured using a commercially available concentrated chlorella. The concentrated chlorella is commonly used in fish farms. Since the concentrated chlorella is alive, there is no problem of sinking to the bottom or lumping together for feeding as chlorella powder, but the shelf life is short (one week in the refrigerated state), and there is a risk of deterioration easily due to high concentration. .

As Comparative Example 3, harvested shrimps were cultured using a commercially available yeast. At this time, the yeast was fed as a yeast soup (yeast soup) activated by hot water mixed with a conventional tropical fish food powder and sugar. When the yeast soup was used as a feed, black spots appeared, which was analyzed to be due to parasitic protozoan infection due to the lack of immunity of fertilized shrimp.

Figure 4 shows the survival rate and individual size of the harvested farmed shrimp using the feed according to the embodiments of the present invention and the feed according to the comparative examples. Here, the survival rate means the ratio of the number of surviving individuals 5 days after hatching based on the individuals hatched in the durable column. In addition, the subject size represents the mean of the subject sizes 10 days after hatching and 25 days after hatching from the durable egg.

Referring to FIG. 4, the survival rate on the fifth day after hatching of the fertilized shrimp of the first to fourth embodiments of the present invention was 80% or more. In particular, the fourth embodiment showed a high survival rate of 95% to 100%. It is common for abundant shrimp to have a uniform survival after 5 days after hatching until about 40 days after hatching. On the other hand, Comparative Example 1 showed a relatively low survival rate of 40% to 50%. Comparative Example 2 showed a very low survival rate of 0% to 10%, in which case there was no surviving individual 10 days after hatching. Comparative Example 3 showed a survival rate of 80% to 90%. In addition, the individual size of the rich man shrimp of the first to fourth embodiments of the present invention appeared to about 1.0 cm on 10 days after hatching, 1.8 cm on 25 days after hatching. In particular, the fourth example showed the largest individual size at 10 and 25 days after hatching. In addition, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 showed a relatively small individual size, especially Comparative Example 3 showed a large difference. Therefore, the embodiments of the present invention can increase the survival rate of harvested shrimps compared to Comparative Example 1 (chlorella powder) and Comparative Example 2 (concentrated chlorella), and increase the individual size of the harvested shrimps compared to Comparative Example 3 (yeast) You can.

In the above, the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art within the technical idea of the present invention. Is obvious.

Pungnyeon Shrimp grows 4 ~ 8 times faster than normal Brine Shrimp, and grows bigger than adult Brine Shrimp and produces durable eggs regardless of environment. If you can, it will be a great alternative to Brine Shrimp in the future.

Claims (5)

Rice bran powder having a weight ratio of 15% to 25%;
Spirulina powder in a weight ratio of 5% to 15%;
Ocher powder having a weight ratio of 3% to 7%; And
Yeast powder having a weight ratio of 1% to 3%;
Including,
The balance is for germinated brown rice powder and other inevitable impurities in aquatic crustacean aquaculture feed. Rice bran powder having a weight ratio of 15% to 25%;
Spirulina powder in a weight ratio of 5% to 15%;
Ocher powder having a weight ratio of 3% to 7%;
Yeast powder having a weight ratio of 1% to 3%;
Soybean powder with a weight ratio of 3% to 7%; And
Skim milk powder in a weight ratio of 3% to 7%;
Including,
The balance is for germinated brown rice powder and other inevitable impurities in aquatic crustacean aquaculture feed. Rice bran powder having a weight ratio of 15% to 25%;
Spirulina powder in a weight ratio of 5% to 15%;
Ocher powder having a weight ratio of 3% to 7%;
Yeast powder having a weight ratio of 1% to 3%;
Whey powder with a weight ratio of 1% to 3%; And
Green tea powder having a weight ratio of 0.5% to 2%;
Including,
The balance is for germinated brown rice powder and other inevitable impurities in aquatic crustacean aquaculture feed. Rice bran powder having a weight ratio of 15% to 25%;
Spirulina powder in a weight ratio of 5% to 15%;
Ocher powder having a weight ratio of 3% to 7%;
Yeast powder having a weight ratio of 1% to 3%;
Soybean powder with a weight ratio of 3% to 7%;
Skim milk powder in a weight ratio of 3% to 7%;
Whey powder with a weight ratio of 1% to 3%; And
Green tea powder having a weight ratio of 0.5% to 2%;
Including,
The balance is for germinated brown rice powder and other inevitable impurities in aquatic crustacean aquaculture feed. The aquatic crustacean culture feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the feed has a powder form pulverized to 50 µm to 100 µm, respectively.

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