SU843808A1 - Method of cultivating agricultural plants - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to a method for cultivating agricultural crops intended for feeding and animal feed.

Izveshg methods of cultivation of agricultural crops, containing sowing a mixture of various components with the simultaneous onset of the phase of their maturation and harvesting 1, 2.

As a rule, depending on the conditions, mixtures are sown: corn - soy, vetch - pea - oats, vetch - oats, vetch - peas - oats - sunflower - maize, etc. When laying pastures, many component mixtures are used, like rule, legumes and cereals (alfalfa, clover, ryegrass, timothy grass, hedgehog collected, awesome fire, etc.).

Pedolet these agricultural methods of cultivation. crops for fodder production is the fact that in the displaced crops mutual oppression of the components included in them occurs, since it is practically impossible to provide the same conditions for their nutrition and care for the crops.

For example, in mixtures of corn and sunflower, the latter strongly inhibits corn, cereal components, rye and wheat.

They suppress the veal and peas, which reduces the content of these components in the mass, makes them fully dependent on the growing conditions, and ultimately reduces the overall yield of the feed. In perennial crops, this leads to thinning and loss of individual components, which makes the mixture unstable in quality over time.

At the same time, the cultivation of mixtures, especially perennial, is greatly complicated by the care of components (cereals, legumes, and others). So, nitrogen fertilization is necessary for the cereal component, and as a rule, to a lesser or no legume at all. In addition, dosed fertilizer application by component is completely excluded. Difficult to use effective herbicides.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield and obtain nutrient-balanced feed with a stable ratio of components.

This is achieved by the fact that the components of mixed agricultural crops are sown in a pure unmixed form adjacent, parallel to alternating stripes, and removed in the transverse direction, and the mixture of leguminous and cereal crops is sown, respectively, in a ratio of 1: 1.3-2.7.

FIG. Figure 1 shows a scheme for the cultivation of agricultural crops to produce a balanced feed using perennial crops; in fig. 2 - the same, with the use of annual crops.

The proposed method of cultivating agricultural crops involves sowing the components in the mixture with adjacent, parallel alternating strips in a pure rather than mixed form, and eliminates such significant disadvantages as mutual oppression of plants, limited components, thinning and loss of some of them, allows Caring for crops similar to clean sowing, including the observance of optimal terms for sowing crops, seeding depth, soil preparation, differentiated introduction fertilizers, the use of herbicides, which is impossible to do in ordinary mixed crops. Additional care for crops is carried out according to accepted methods of cultivation in clean crops.

Mixed balanced fodder, for example, in a 2 component sowing - alfalfa and reed oats - is obtained when the ratio of the width of the legume and cereal components is 1: 2. The corresponding sowing technology in this case can be achieved by using a 3-unit aggregate consisting of grain crops of the type SZ-3.6 SUC-24. Alfalfa seeds are poured into the central cell, and reed oats are put into the side gates. When sowing in such an aggregate, the ratio of the widths of the strips of alfalfa and oats is 1: 2, respectively.

If it is necessary to include a larger number of components, the sequence of strips and the ratio of their widths is achieved by simultaneously using one, two, and three sets of units operating in series.

The harvesting is carried out in the direction transverse to the seeding, which leads to mechanical mixing of the components. For the harvesting of mixed fodder crops according to the proposed technology, agricultural machinery used in fodder production is used. In order to evenly mix the components, the strip width should be no more than 50 m with a yield of cut of 100-200 centners per hectare (perennial and annual herbs) and 25 m with a yield of 250 or more centners / hectare (one-year tall single-cut crops: corn, sunflower, sorghum and others.).

This method allows you to have the required number of components in the sowing, to achieve the required quality of feed, to stabilize the ratio of components in the mixture for a long period of time.

perennial crops, makes it possible to improve the rations of feeding according to the types (groups) and targets of cultivation (keeping animals). Cropping crops alternating unmixed

the bands not only expands the set of components, but also makes it possible to use without difficulty those agrotechnical techniques that have already been developed and are widely used in agriculture with ordinary clean

sowing: sowing time, seeding rate, seed embedment depth, etc.

Claims (2)

1. The method of cultivation of agricultural crops containing sowing mixture various components with a simultaneous onset of their maturation and harvesting phase, characterized in that, in order to increase the yield and obtain nutritionally balanced feed with a stable ratio of components, the latter are sown in a pure unmixed form adjacent, parallel to alternating bands, and irate in cross to sowing direction 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sowing of a mixture of legumes and cereals is carried out in a ratio of 1: 1.3-2.7, respectively. Information sources, taken into account during the examination 1. Mokin N. N. Agriculture and crop production. M., Selkhozizdat, 1957, p. 155-157 (analog). 2. Lupashku MF Mixed crops of silage crops. M., “Kolos, 1965 (prototype). jSopffU Fa, g