RU2019947C1 - Method for creating polydominant pastures in continental subtropics - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: while sowing a grain mixture, alfalfa is sown in strips with rows of a tropical herb on their edges. Northern herbs are sown after autumn mowing of grass on top of spring-sown alfalfa. The seeds are sown in spaces between ruts made by tractor wheels. Ruts are used for watering. EFFECT: higher efficiency.

Description

 Known methods for creating crops of fodder crops in the southern regions of the country in pure form or in the form of simple (from 2 species) grass mixtures [1]. The disadvantage of such crops is primarily the imbalance in sugar and protein in the feed, as well as uneven crop yield during the growing season, low yield of feed units, high nitrogen fertilizer costs when cultivating clean crops of cereals, especially corn.

 A known method of creating multidominant pastures in continental subtropics, which includes sowing alternating lines in the spring, mixtures of alfalfa and perennial grass. In the autumn period, crops are sown in irrigation furrows of the cereal-bean mash of annual crops of winter-spring vegetation [2]. The main disadvantage of this method is the rather high cost. In addition, there remains the opportunity to increase pasture productivity.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase productivity and reduce the cost of pasture.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of creating pastures in continental subtropics, including sowing with alternating lines in the spring, a grass mixture containing alfalfa and perennial tropical cereal, followed by sowing in the autumn period in half of the furrow of the cereal-bean mash of annual crops of winter-spring vegetation of luberys, sown with a strip of lines, framing with lines of tropical cereal, cereals of northern origin are sown after autumn grass mowing over the spring sowing of alfalfa, while sowing was carried out dissolved in the space between the grooves formed by the tractor wheels, themselves furrows used for irrigation.

 An example implementation of the method.

 Initially, in the early spring they create a simple herbal mixture. Alfalfa and blue millet (tropical cereal) are sown in a row-stripe method with blocks 60 cm wide in the ratio of 2 lines of cereal along the edges of the block, and a three-line alfalfa is mixed between the lines of cereal. In the autumn, alfalfa is sown on the strip after sowing on the surface after mowing cereal seeds of northern origin (reed fescue, timothy arches), and a mixture of annual winter-spring grasses (oats + hemp) is sown in irrigation furrows (between the lines of blue millet on the other hand). In the spring, sowing is done with a CO - 4.2 vegetable seeder and in the fall a mounted cultivator. During spring sowing, seed-free strips between rows of blue millet are placed along the passage of the front and rear wheels of the tractor; passages of tractor wheels are used as irrigation furrows.

 A new way of placing legumes and cereals leads to the activation of nitrogen fixation by legumes and better supply of cereal needs with biological nitrogen.

Seeding rate, kg / ha: Blue millet 4-5 Alfalfa 6 Fescue 3 Timothy 3 Oats 30 Polyus 15
Productivity of feed crops by years of vegetation
1st year of vegetation, t / ha dry matter: Blue millet 16.0 Alfalfa 10.2 Grass mixture 23.0
2nd year of vegetation: Blue millet 27.9 Alfalfa 21.7 Grass mixture 35.7
3rd year of vegetation: Blue millet 22.4 Alfalfa 15.2 Grass mixture 36.8 Corn 1st sowing 15.4 2nd sowing 8.3
It can be seen from the above data that the yield of aboveground mass in the grass mixture in the second and third years of vegetation increases markedly due to the periodic compaction of the grass stand by annuals and the growth of turf of the northern cereal in alfalfa rows. The cost of production is 1 ke decreased due to a decrease in the application of nitrogen fertilizers compared to the previously proposed method (prototype) by 46 kg / ha of active ingredient on average per year, a decrease in the number of operations (cutting irrigation furrows before sowing and updating them after germination) and increasing the yield of fodder mass.

 The proposed method for creating a grass mixture does not require the creation of new machines.

 It is offered mainly as intermediate crops in crop rotation with cotton and other crops in the southern regions of our country.

The implementation of the proposed method for creating complex mixtures provides the following advantages:
increase in forage yield from 14 to 36% per year;
an approximately equal ratio - cereals: legumes in yield;
reduction in the dose of nitrogen by 46 kg / ha per year;
reduced cadmium content in the feed (heavy metal).

Claims (1)

 METHOD FOR CREATING POLYDOMINANT PASTURES IN CONTINENTAL SUBTROPICS, including sowing with alternating lines in the spring of a grass mixture containing alfalfa and perennial tropical cereal, followed by sowing in the autumn period of cereal crops of northern origin and in irrigation of the winter-spring crops of the cereal-winter cereals that, in order to increase productivity and reduce the cost of pastures, alfalfa is sown with a line in rows, limiting the line on both sides with a line of tropical cereal, zl After northern mowing, grass of northern origin is sown over the spring sowing of alfalfa, while sowing is carried out into the space between the furrows formed by the tractor wheels, and the furrows themselves are used for irrigation.