SU1107823A1 - Method of preparing vegetable food for farm animals (its versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

1. The method of preparing vegetable feed for farm animals, including the sowing of feed components with parallel strips in their pure form and their cleaning in the transverse sowing direction, is distinguished by the fact that, for the purpose of raising; feed quality by balancing the sugar-protein ratio and reducing labor costs by obtaining a balanced feed directly in the field, alfalfa and reed-like oats are sown as feed components at a 1: 2 width of sown strip widths. 2. A method of preparing vegetable feed for farm animals, including sowing feed components with parallel strips in their pure form and cleaning them in the transverse sowing direction, characterized in that, in order to increase the quality of feed by balancing it in sugar-protein (L ratio and reduction of labor costs due to obtaining a balanced feed directly in the field, as the components of the feed are sown maize, early ripening grain sorghum and early ripening sunflower seed and oilseed at a ratio of widths of sown, lanes 1: 1,3:. 2.7 00 to 00

Description

1 The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods for preparing feed for farm animals. There is a known method for preparing agricultural feed for agricultural animals, including sowing the seed mixture of those crops that are components of the feed, cultivation and harvesting during the period of the greatest accumulation of green mass 1. However, in mixed sowing, mutual suppression of the crops was clearly expressed. There is a known method for preparing vegetable feed for agricultural animals by sowing the components in their pure form in parallel strips. The crops were harvested in the transverse sowing direction, which eliminates the need for mixing the feed components 2 However, when sowing, bands of the same width are formed and therefore the resulting feed consists of components taken in equal ratios, which does not allow to obtain in field conditions These feeds are balanced in terms of sugar-protein ratio, and require additional operations to introduce additional components. The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of the feed by balancing it in sugar-protein ratio and reducing labor costs by obtaining a balanced feed directly in the field. This goal is achieved by the fact that according to the method of preparing vegetable feed for farm animals, including the sowing of feed components by parallel strips in their pure form and their harvesting in the transverse sowing direction, alfalfa and cane oats are sown as feed components at a ratio of widths of the sown strips 1: 2 Alternatively, it is envisaged to sow maize, an early maturing variety of sorghum grain and an early maturing variety of sunflower oil at the ratio of the width of sown strips of 1: 1.3: 2.7. The width of the strip of each component is proportional to the required share of this component in a balanced feed, taking into account the need for: mortgage in 3 proteins and carbohydrates, as well as the protein and carbohydrate content in the feed components at the time of their mowing and crop yields. When selecting crops that are included in the feed, their protein and carbohydrate composition, biological features of their development are taken into account. The set of crops should be such that by the time they are mowed down, they have almost the same height and each of them has the most complete composition in order to ensure the highest collection of feed units and digestible protein per hectare. Example 1 Alfalfa and reed oats were sown in alternating stripes in a direction that allows them to be harvested across the crop. At the same time, in the areas watered with DCA-100 M, the strips were arranged perpendicularly to temporary irrigators, and in case Volzhanka was applied in the direction of its movement. When the Frigate was irrigating with the machine, the direction of sowing does not depend on the movement of the sprinkler and it was chosen taking into account the better organization of harvesting and transportation of the mown weight from the floor. Such fields were laid without deadlines at the time taken for planting alfalfa. Optimal planting density of both alfalfa and reed oats was provided with a sowing rate of 1820 kg / ha. The seeding depth is 34 cm. To ensure even seeding, seed and friendly shoots, it is recommended to compact the soil before and after sowing. When sowing, a three-shelf aggregate consisting of cereal or grain-grass sprouts was used. Alfalfa grains were poured into the central grid, reed oats were sown in the side grains. When sown with such an aggregate, the ratio of the widths of alfalfa and oats is 1: 2 and is respectively 3.6 and 7.2 m. To determine the optimal variant The following crops were tested: lane crops — alfalfa + cane oats, clover + cane oats, mixed sowing — alfalfa + canes, inter-row crops — 1 liter of alfalfa and 1 cane, 1 pl of cane, 1 r of lyucerns, 1 r d 1- 2 p yes oats reed, 2 p yes alfalfa + 1 rd oat nits trosinikopidnoy. Observations of the development of perennial grasses of the torrid rcjua sprout from J1 from the period of growth (March) to the first cut (May) showed that the onset of the beginning of growth in almost all the studied herbs with the exception of clover occurred simultaneously. Depending on the options, the rate of passage of the subsequent phases was slightly different. The most intensive development was observed in cane oats and alfalfa in all variants, except for the mixed sowing of alfalfa and reed oats. In the third year of the growing season, the overgrowth of perennial grasses after overwintering came a month later (the spring is cold). The first mowing was carried out 16 days later compared to the previous year. After overwintering of perennial plants of the second year of use to the first cut, the height of the grass stand of alfalfa varied within 54-60 cm, the height of the grass stand of the reed oat varied insignificantly in all variants (51-56 cm), except for mixed sowing. In this crop, the height of the grass stand was the lowest due to the mutual inhibition of legumes and cereal components. In the third cut, the height of the grass stand of alfalfa was the lowest in mixed sowing of alfalfa with oats nitz (44 cm), which is 10-15 cm lower compared to other options. In the reed oats, the height of the plants was within 25–32 cm, optionally there. The results are shown in table 1. In the fourth crop, the height of the plants in alfalfa is the smallest (39 cm), as well as the previous ones in the mixed crop of alfalfa with oats. In the remaining variants, the height varied slightly (within 2-3 cm). In the first cut of the third year of perennial grass harvesting, the height of the grass was altogether with alfalfa in all variants changed only slightly (up to 1-3 cm), except for inter-sowing. In this variant, the alfalfa has the height of the grass stand all the remaining variants by 7-10 cm. The height of the side of the cane oats is also the highest in this variant compared to other variants. In the second crop, the height of the grass of alfalfa changed slightly (within 2-3 cm), in cane oats - 1.9 cm. 3 The lowest height of grass was observed in the intercrop between 2 crops and 1 l of alfalfa. d oats nitsy. In this variant, the height of grass-alfalfa exceeded oats by 32 cm. In the third crop, the height of alfalfa was the greatest and was 67 cm between the crops, the lowest height was observed in the mixed sowing of alfalfa with oats (58 cm), while in reed it was varied within 42-51 cm. The smallest height in the inter-row sowing - 1 pound of alfalfa + 2 p and the ground oats was 42 cm, the highest in the lane and mixed crops - 51 cm. The height of herbage in the fourth cut at alfalfa varied slightly: the highest 60 cm, the smallest 56 cm. In oats nor The maximum height in the band sowing is 48 cm. It is 9 cm taller than in the inter-sowing season - 2 times alfalfa + 1 share of oats. In such sowing, suppression of the cereal component by legumes was observed. Table 2 shows the results of determining the yield of crops. From the data of Table 2, it can be seen that the highest yields were obtained in the strip seeding: alfalfa + oats 879 centners / ha (on average over 2 years). The band sowing of clover with oats nitsy was inferior in yield of green mass by 149 centners / ha to sowing alfalfa with oats nits. The lowest yield was obtained in mixed sowing of alfalfa with oats nitsy (6.15 centners / ha). In such sowing, mutual oppression of plants of different biology occurred, which in perennial grasses led to the loss of separate components and the thinning of crops. The same was observed in inter-row crops, where the ratio of components changed with each subsequent mowing. The analysis of dry matter (data are presented in table 3) corresponds to the increase in green mass. The greatest accumulation of dry matter was observed in the band sowing of alfalfa with oats (190.5 q / ha), the smallest - in the mixed sowing of alfalfa with oats. (131.9 centners per hectare). From the data of Table 4 it can be seen that in the output of feed units per hectare, the strip seeding variant surpassed all other variants of the experiment. Crop and mixed (2 rows of alfalfa + 1 ppm I1 of reed goose) crops had an equal number of feed units. The content of digestible protein in the feed unit is one of the most important indicators of feed quality. With its deficiency, overdose per feed per unit of production is observed, its excess leads to useless, and also harmful, protein overfeeding of animals. For the most effective feeding of animals, as is known, the content of digestible protein in the feed should be at the level of 110120 g per one feed unit. Of the options for sowing methods, only the lane has approached these values (124 g per 1 unit). In the remaining variants of mixed and intercropping crops, an excessive content of digestible protein was observed. Oats nica reed accumulated significantly more gahar than alfalfa. Its largest harvest per unit of area took place in the band sowing, the smallest - in the inter-sowing season (2 times and alfalfa + 1 share of reed). therefore, a close to optimal sugar-protein ratio (1: 1.16) was observed in the band seeding. When comparing the feed obtained by sowing reed oats and alfalfa alternating stripes with corn for silage (cobs in the milky-wax ripeness phase), one can see the advantages of feed obtained from band sowing with a 2: 1 ratio of cereal and leguminous components (by containing the main nutrients and biological usefulness of the feed), the content of the main nutrients in the green mass of the band seeding meets the physiological needs of ruminant animals both in digestible protein and sugar, and carotene (see table 5). A study of the chemical composition of the nutritional and productive effects of feed obtained from strip crops for a number of years in collective farms and state farms of the Soviet and Nizhnegorsky districts showed that VTO using it in cow rations for a long time contributed to an increase in milk production and milk fat. For example, the use of green alfalfa on cane grass for 3 years in feeding cows for three years made it possible to raise 144 kg on average per forage cow per summer and stabilize milk fat in the summer period at the level of 3.55%. If in the diets of cows there was no green mass of the band crops of alfalfa and reed oats, then the yield after a day decreased by more than 1 kg in terms of a fodder cow. These data confirm the high productive effect of the feed obtained from the strip crops of alfalfa and oats. Analysis of the green mass of the strip crops in terms of the content of the main nutrients in comparison with corn and alfalfa showed that this feed has advantages in terms of its biological usefulness. Band crops of grass and alfalfa provide not only the biological usefulness of animal rations, but also the maximum collection of nutrients, digestible protein from 1 hectare of sown area (see table 6). From the data of Table 6 it can be seen that the yield of feed protein units, fat, calcium, carotene per hectare of the strip crops of alfalfa and cane oats is 2 times higher, and the digestible protein is 2.5 times higher than corn. Three years of production experience in the use of canal crops has shown that when mowing these herbs in the early phases of development and timely feeding of the grass component with multi-axle use, it is possible to get 650-840 centners of green nutrient feed per hectare. Optimization of the growing conditions of these crops is provided by two agrotechnical methods - feeding the grass component, which is produced after each cutting with nitrogen fertilizers in a dose of 4060 kg / ha of active ingredient, and irrigation rates of 600-700, maintaining soil moisture in the main root zone not less than 75-80 % Nitrogen supply is one of the main conditions for obtaining high yields of all cereals, including grasses. Example 2. Early ripening varieties of sunflower, sorghum of corn, and corn of any variety or hybrid were sown in a continuous serial method using grain crops of the type SZ-3.6. With a crop plant, each component was sown separately or sown by different units. The number of plants per hectare during such planting should be at least 300–350 thousand maize (80–100 kg of seeds per hectare), 500–600 thousand plants of early-ripening grain sorghum varieties and 80–100 thousand sunflower seeds (7–10 kg per hectare). The ratio of the widths of the strips of corn, sorghum and sunflower is 1: 1.3: 2.7. 2-3 days after sowing, the field must be harvested in order to destroy germinating weeds. Due to the accelerated growth rate, sunflower in the initial period was ahead of maize and sorghum, did not suffer from shading and laid rather large baskets.

The height of herbage of perennial grasses

Table 1 Later the sorghum leveled off, and the corn overtook the sunflower in growth. Cleaning was carried out with silage combines. The results of the study and testing under production conditions of the effectiveness of the methods of sowing a number of annual crops in strip crops, as well as the effectiveness of their combination with early feed crops are given in Table 7. The greatest harvest was obtained in the band planting: corn (variety Odessa 10) + sorghum (Technical 11) + sunflower (Armavirets). Thus, the proposed method of obtaining vegetable feed allows to obtain high-quality balanced feed directly in the field with minimal labor costs.

Band crops:

alfalfa + + oats nice reed

clover + + oats nice reed

Mixed sowing:

alfalfa + + oats nice reed

74 93

62 5

60 48

68 39

21 47

26 86

21 46

25 42

56 40

§1 99

68 46

58 51

39

24

Interdisk crops;

60 58

59 32

54 27 57 52

5555 46 7J

55 32 29 88 Green mass yield of perennial grasses

Band crops:

 417 213

82 1 ..,

158 8

200

1107.82310

Continued table.

66

65

73 90

57 45

45

46

69 46

72 90

67 42

56

45

III s, e

d120 211 91

368, 51

52 97

133 45 383 Table 2 for sowing options

Continuation of table 2

Continuation of table 2

Follow / Table. 2

362

730 368 Dry matter yield of perennial grasses

37.p

1 39 25

23

Continuation of table 3

l 199

If 200

it

90 Table 3 for sowing options

Mixed sowing:

Interdrug crops:

f§35

15, 19

1532

sixteen

33

1§ 35

Z- 39 19 o

| 1.6A

li 29 14

 131 58

II 5

If ™

i

46

| §И, 13

42

If -,.,

85.

I33 The main indicators of the quality of green fodder. Field sowing: 45.2 lucer - 215 + ov - 407 89.6 s of nits 134.8 Total 622 Mixed sowing: 58.8 lucer - 280 per + I 67, + ovs - i303 nits 126, 5 Total 583 Inter-sowing sowing: 1 p d 371.1 alfalfa + + 1 p d oats 191.6 42.1 nickname

1870

120.1

563.3

1340 70.3 334.9 s

485

53.4 th 42, 7 1825 123.7

577.6

2 p yes

184

alfalfa 460.2 96.6 experience

3.2153.51074 1: 1.74

2,2102,14502

0,950,9654

3.1153,01156 1: 1.60

140.3 690

3.0 Tab faces 4 for field options 5.6 344 85.5 1099 51.1 1443 1: 1.16 5.4 420 63.9 819 49.3 1239 1: 1.40 13.3 557 40.2 517

273

136.7 30 457

596.9 126.6 The content of the main nutrients in the mixture of band seeding (alfalfa + oat reed 23, 0 24.01 60.77 ford) 0.19 35.0 10.0 54.0 Lucerne 0.18 Maize maturity 14.0 40.0 52.0 cobs 0.20

Pr11D (1.-Yi And | 1 (GI 1. 4

r: o :::::.: i28, 7 369

169.0 1059 1: 2.0 I t a b l and c a 5 1 kg of green mass 9.47 2.056 0.53 40.1 1.04: 1 10.0 3.40 0.80 45.0 0 , 28: 1 7.01.30 0.80 36.0 2.85: 1 Content of “nutritional nutrients”, units of units (average Soviet

567.2 119.1 13.045.3713.6116.6

371.0 63.07 5,

Heroductivism of forage crops

The yield of green mass, t / ha

Culture

30.6

26

29.7

1.33

14.8 D8.2

Table 7 Tbln and 6 and the gross yield of fodder-protsynyky district of the Crimean region, 1979)

Claims (2)

1. The method of preparation of vegetable feed for farm animals, including sowing feed components in parallel strips in pure form and harvesting them in the transverse direction of sowing, is distinguished by the fact that, in order to improve: the quality of the feed by its sugar balance -protein ratio and reduce labor costs by obtaining a balanced feed directly in the field, alfalfa and reed fescue are sown as components of the feed with a ratio of 1: 2 width of sown stripes. 2. A method of preparing vegetable feed for farm animals, comprising sowing the feed components in parallel strips in pure form and harvesting them in the transverse direction of the crop, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of the feed by balancing its sugar-protein ratio and reducing labor costs due to to obtain balanced feed directly in the field, corn, an early ripening grade of sorghum grain and an early ripening grade of sunflower oil are sown as feed components a lot when the ratio of the width of the sown strip 1: 1.3: 2.7.