RU2218694C1 - Method for producing of balanced clover feed and seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, plant growing. SUBSTANCE: method involves providing wide-row sowing of clover at first year of clover cultivation; upon seed harvesting, sowing winter wheat; next year, after mowing of wheat-clover mixture, forming seed herbage of 2nd clover yield. EFFECT: increased clover seed yield and improved quality of wheat-clover mixture used as green feed. 2 tbl, 1 ex

Description

 The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to crop production, and may find application in the cultivation of clover for feed and seeds.

 A known method of producing clover for seeds, in which sowing is carried out under the cover of oats in a continuous manner, and in the second year they are harvested for seeds after the first mowing / Recommendations for seed production of meadow clover. M .: Kolos, 1982, p. 11 /.

 In the known method, the obtained feed mass of the first integumentary crop / oats / and the first mowing of the second year of clover life is not balanced by the sugar protein ratio, which is necessary when feeding livestock. Therefore, in terms of feed quality, each individual culture is not full. In addition, clover seeds, sown in a continuous way, receive only in the second year. Seed herbage with this method of sowing often believes that causes loss of seeds during harvesting.

 There is also known a method of producing food and clover seeds, in which sowing is carried out under the cover of oats, and the next year after 1 mowing from a continuous sowing they form a wide-row for receiving seeds (a.c. 1255069, A 01 1 / 00.1986).

 In the prototype method, the seeds are obtained only in the second year, thinning the sowing after the 1st mowing. The resulting feed mass of 1 mowing is not balanced by the sugar protein ratio. Pure green clover food in some cases causes temperament in animals. With this method, the quality of the feed is reduced in the 1st and 2nd years of life, and the seed yield is obtained only in the second year, which is not always complete due to adverse weather conditions of the year taken into account.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase seed yield and feed quality.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that clover crops are spread wide without cover, and after harvesting the seeds in the first year of life, winter wheat is sown between rows, and next year, in the phase of formation of inflorescences, the clover-wheat mixture is mowed on green fodder, followed by clover seeds from the second mowing .

 The method is as follows.

 Early in the spring, clover meadow is sown broadly with a row spacing of 45-50 cm. When seedlings emerge, inter-row cultivation is carried out to destroy weeds. At the same time, this agricultural method is like a steam treatment for the autumn sowing of winter wheat.

 With a wide-row placement of sowing, generative shoots develop more actively, since the best lighting and area of plant nutrition, and, consequently, more intense pollination of flowers. In the first year, seeds are obtained within 1 kg / ha. Obtaining seeds per year of sowing is especially necessary when propagating scarce varieties, when it is necessary to accelerate their reproduction.

 During the vegetation of the first year of life, clover manages to accumulate more than 100 kg / ha of biological nitrogen, which is necessary for the intensive growth of winter crops.

 In the prototype, when cereals and legumes are sown together, there is a lack of nitrogen nutrition for the cover crop of oats, which reduces the quantity and quality of feed.

 After harvesting clover seeds in the first year, 2-3 rows are treated between rows. Especially effective is the cultivation of row-spacing immediately before sowing winter wheat. By the end of the growing season, legumes strengthen the root system and intensive inter-row treatment does not damage them.

 Winter crops are sown with a continuous grain seeder, overlapping the openers of the clover rows together and thus 2 rows of winter wheat are sown in the rows.

 The next year (approximately, towards the end of May), winter wheat clears up, and clover buds, i.e. plants of both cultures reach maximum development. Mowed leguminous (wheat-clover) mixture provides livestock with a complete feed. The mass is not only balanced in terms of sugar-protein ratio, but also significant in volume, significantly exceeding 1.5-2 times the net crops of clover and the green mass of the cover crop - oats (in the prototype).

 Winter wheat sown in the aisle crowds out weeds, and the next year the aisle of the seed grass stand of clover (after harvesting the green mass) is not necessary, which reduces the cost of inter-row cultivation.

 After harvesting the 1st cut of the green mass of two crops, clover is left on the seeds.

 Thus, clover seeds are obtained twice (in the year of sowing and after harvesting the green mass of the mixture from the 2nd mowing) and a full-fledged leguminous feed.

 Example. In spring, clover was sown broadly (row-spacing 45 cm) with the SZT-3.6 seeder, blocking the coulters every two passes. During the vegetation, inter-row cultivation of crops was carried out 2-3 times.

 During the ripening period of the seeds (end of August), the Niva harvester was harvested. After harvesting the clover seeds, the cultivator worked the aisles to a depth of 10-12 cm and at the end of September sowed winter wheat.

 The following year, during the period of winter crops ripening and bean budding (clover), the green mass was mowed to green fodder. The clover grass was left on the seeds from the second mowing. Clover seeds were harvested by browning 70-80% of the heads by direct combination.

 The results of the experiments are summarized in tables 1 and 2.

 From table 2 it follows that in the proposed embodiment, the sugar protein ratio is 0.99 (162 and 87), which corresponds to the dietary standards for animals.

 In pure sowing of winter wheat there is less protein and sugar more, clover, on the contrary, has more protein.

 In the feed consumed, the ratio of starch and sugars should be normal, 1.3-1.5, and the sugar-protein ratio should be on average 1 with a fluctuation of 0.8-1.2.

 With the optimal sugar-protein ratio in the diets of ruminants, favorable conditions are created for the reproduction of microflora in the stomach, the synthesis of amino acids, fatty acids and B vitamins in the rumen is improved.

 Sugars are the most affordable sources of energy for both the rumen microflora and the animal’s body.

 Consequently, the resulting balanced wheat-clover food provides not only the quality of animal nutrition, but its quantity, and the harvested clover seed crop increases twice (in the first and second year).

Claims (1)

A method of obtaining a balanced feed and clover seeds, including sowing a crop with wide spacing, seed harvesting, characterized in that after harvesting the seeds of the first year of plant life, winter wheat is sown in the row-spacing, and the next year, the clover-wheat mixture is mowed in the form of inflorescences green food, followed by clover seeds from the second mowing.

Images