SU817278A1

SU817278A1 - I.c.engine supercharger

Info

Publication number: SU817278A1
Application number: SU782694431A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Игорь Викторович Шерстобитов; Александр Михайлович Малюшин; Михаил Борисович Щепакин; Марк Федорович Дашевский; Вадим Казимирович Орлик
Original assignee: Краснодарский Политехническийинститут
Priority date: 1978-12-07
Filing date: 1978-12-07
Publication date: 1981-03-30

Description

Изобретение относится к теплоэнергетике и может быть использовано на тепловых электрических станциях.The invention relates to a power system and can be used in thermal power plants.

Известна комбинированная энергети- _ ческая установка, содержащая паровую ⁵и газовую турбины, пароводяные подогреватели и, включенный параллельно им по питательной или сетевой воде, газоводяной теплообменник в вы- ... хлопном тракте газовой турбины [1]. ¹⁰ A combined power plant is known, comprising steam ⁵ and gas turbines, steam-water heaters and, combined in parallel with feed or network water, a gas-water heat exchanger in the exhaust duct of a gas turbine [1]. ¹⁰

Недостатком такой установки является зависимость режима утилизации тепла выхлопных газов газовой турбины от вида нагреваемого теплоносителя, что снижает экономичность и манев-15 ревность установки.The disadvantage of this installation is the dependence of the heat recovery mode of the exhaust gases of the gas turbine on the type of heated coolant, which reduces the efficiency and maneuve-15 jealousy of the installation.

Известна комбинированная энергетическая установка, содержащая паровую турбину с конденсатором, конденсатным насосом, регенеративным подо- 20 гревателем основного конденсата, подогревателями сетевой и подпиточной воды, баком-аккумулятором подпиточной воды, соединенным трубопроводом с обратной магистралью сетевой вода, и газовую турбину с установленным в выхлопном тракте газоводяным подогревателем, подключенным одновременно к магистралям основного’ конденсата и сетевой воды L2]. 30A combined power plant is known, comprising a steam turbine with a condenser, a condensate pump, a regenerative main condensate heater, network and make-up water heaters, a make-up water storage tank connected by a pipeline to the return mains water network, and a gas turbine with an exhaust duct installed gas-water heater connected simultaneously to the main 'condensate and mains water lines L2]. thirty

Недостатками этой установки являются ограниченная возможность покрытия переменной части графика электрической нагрузки и недоиспользование резерва повышения экономичности выработки пиковой мощности, повышенные потери топлива на пуски, останов и поддержание в горячем резерве утилизационного контура, ограниченная возможность участия паровой турбины в покрытии графика электрической нагрузки при пиковых тепловых нагрузках и низкая надежность работы теплосети при переменных нагрузках.The disadvantages of this installation are the limited ability to cover the variable part of the electric load schedule and the underutilization of the reserve for increasing the efficiency of peak power generation, increased fuel losses for start-ups, shutdown and maintenance of the utilization circuit in the hot reserve, limited possibility of the participation of a steam turbine in covering the electric load schedule at peak heat loads and low reliability of the heating system under variable loads.

Цель изобретения - повышение экономичности, маневренности и надежности теплоснабжения при переменных нагрузках.The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency, maneuverability and reliability of heat supply under variable loads.

Поставленная цель достигается тем, что установка снабжена аккумулятором тепла и дополнительным подогревателем основного конденсата, включенным параллельно регенеративному подогревателю, поверхность нагреву газоводяного подогревателя разделена на две последовательные по газу секции, входной и выходной коллекторы первой и второй секций соединены снабженными запорными органами, трубопроводами соответственно с выходом бака-аккумулятора и прямой магистралью сетевой вода, со входом аккумулятора тепла, входным коллектором второй секции и прямой . магистралью сетевой вода, с конденсатным насосом и выходным коллектором первой секции, со входом аккумулятора тепла, прямой магистралью сетевой воды и выходом подогревателей конденсата, а выход аккумулятора тепла подключен к прямой магистрали сетевой воды и ко входу греющего контура дополнительного подогревателя .This goal is achieved by the fact that the installation is equipped with a heat accumulator and an additional heater of the main condensate, connected in parallel with the regenerative heater, the heating surface of the gas-water heater is divided into two gas-consecutive sections, the input and output collectors of the first and second sections are connected with shut-off bodies, pipelines, respectively, with the output storage tank and direct line mains water, with heat accumulator input, input section of the second section and and direct. a mains water main, with a condensate pump and an output collector of the first section, with a heat accumulator input, a direct mains water main and a condensate heaters output, and a heat accumulator output is connected to a direct mains water supply and to the input of the heating circuit of an additional heater.

При этом на трубопроводе, соединяющем обратную магистраль сетевой воды с баком-аккумулятором, установлен регулирующий орган.At the same time, a regulatory body is installed on the pipeline connecting the return line of the network water to the storage tank.

На чертеже представлена принципиальная тепловая схема комбинированной энергетической установки.The drawing shows a schematic thermal diagram of a combined power plant.

Комбинированная энергетическая установка содержит паровую турбину 1 с конденсатором 2, конденсатным насосом 3, регенеративными подогревателями 4 и 5 низкого и высокого давления, деаратором'6, подогревателями 7 и 8 подпиточной и сетевой воды, бакомаккумулятором 9 подпиточной воды, соединенным трубопроводом 10 с обратной магистралью 11 сетевой воды, и газовую турбину 12 с установленным в выхлопном тракте 13 газоводным подогревателем 14, подключенным одновременно к магистралям 15 и 16 основного конденсата и к магистралям 11 и обратной и прямой сетевой воды. Установка снабжена аккумулятором 18 тепла и дополнительным подогревателем 19 основного конденсата, включенным параллельно регенеративному подогревателю. 4 низкого давления. Поверхность нагрева газоводяного подогревателя 14 разделена на две последовательные по газу первую и вторую секции 20 и 21, входной и выходной коллекторы 22 и 23 первой и второй секций 20 и 21 соединены соответственно трубопроводами 24 и 25 с выходом бака-аккумулятора 9 и магистралью 17 прямой сетевой вода, 26, 27 и 28 - со входом аккумулятора 18 тепла, входным коллектором 22 второй секции 21 и магистралью 17 прямой сетевой воды, 29 и 30 - с конденсатным насосом 3 и входным коллектором 22 первой секции 20, 31, 32 и 33 - со входом аккумулятора 18 тепла, магист ралью 17 прямой сетевой воды и выходом регенеративных подогревателей и низкого давления. Выход аккумулятора тепла подключен трубопроводом 34 к магистрали 17 прямой сетевой воды и трубопроводом 35 - к входу греющего контура дополнительного подогревателя 19. На трубопроводе 10, соединяющем магистраль 11 обратной сетевой вода с баком-аккумулятором 9, уста новлен регулирующий орган 36. В тракт те основного конденсата установлены задвижки 37-46, а в тракте сетевой вода внешнего теплово-го протребителя 47 установлены задвижки 48-59.The combined power plant contains a steam turbine 1 with a condenser 2, a condensate pump 3, regenerative heaters 4 and 5 of low and high pressure, a dearator'6, heaters 7 and 8 of make-up and mains water, a tank-accumulator 9 of make-up water, connected by a pipeline 10 to the return line 11 network water, and a gas turbine 12 with a gas-water heater 14 installed in the exhaust tract 13, connected simultaneously to the main condensate lines 15 and 16 and to the mains 11 and the return and direct network water. The installation is equipped with a heat accumulator 18 and an additional main condensate heater 19, connected in parallel with the regenerative heater. 4 low pressure. The heating surface of the gas-water heater 14 is divided into two gas-consecutive first and second sections 20 and 21, the input and output collectors 22 and 23 of the first and second sections 20 and 21 are connected respectively by pipelines 24 and 25 with the output of the storage tank 9 and the main line 17 water, 26, 27 and 28 - with the input of the heat accumulator 18, the input manifold 22 of the second section 21 and the direct water mains 17, 29 and 30 - with the condensate pump 3 and the input manifold 22 of the first section 20, 31, 32 and 33 - with heat accumulator input 18, direct line 17 etevoy water and an outlet of regenerative heaters and low pressure. The output of the heat accumulator is connected by a pipe 34 to the line 17 of direct network water and a pipe 35 to the input of the heating circuit of the additional heater 19. At the pipe 10 connecting the line 11 of the return network water to the storage tank 9, a regulating organ 36 is installed. valves 37-46 are installed in the condensate, and valves 48-59 are installed in the mains water path of the external thermal protector 47.

Установка работает следующим образом.Installation works as follows.

При работе установки в режиме, характеризующемся совпадением членов электрической и тепловой нагрузок, газоводяной подогреватель 14 подключается одновременно к магистралям 15 и 16 основного конденсата и к магистрали 17 прямой сетевой воды.When the installation is operating in a mode characterized by the coincidence of the members of the electric and thermal loads, the gas-water heater 14 is connected simultaneously to the main condensate lines 15 and 16 and to the direct network water line 17.

Подключение производится открытием задвижек 39, 42, 43, -46, 48, 51, 56, 58 й 59 и закрытием задвижек 37, 38, 40, 41, 44, 45, 50, 52, 53, 55 и 57 и регулирующего органа 36. Через выделенные группы секций 20 и 21 газоводяного подогревателя 14 одновременно пропускают основной конденсат и сетевую воду и , отключают отборы пара на регенеративный подогреватель 4 низкого давления и подогреватель 8 сетевой вода. За счет использования бака-аккумулятора 9 возможно временное отключение отборного пара турбины 1 и для подогрева подпиточной воды. Высвобождаемый пар отборов турбины 1 вырабатывает дополнительную пиковую мощность.Connection is made by opening the valves 39, 42, 43, -46, 48, 51, 56, 58 and 59 and closing the valves 37, 38, 40, 41, 44, 45, 50, 52, 53, 55 and 57 and the regulating body 36 Through the selected groups of sections 20 and 21 of the gas-water heater 14, the main condensate and the network water are simultaneously passed and steam extraction is switched off to the low pressure regenerative heater 4 and the network water heater 8. Due to the use of the storage tank 9, it is possible to temporarily shut off the selected steam of the turbine 1 and to heat the make-up water. The released steam take-off turbine 1 generates additional peak power.

Для режима пиковой электрической и пониженной тепловой нагрузок к выходному коллектору 23 гаэоводяного подогревателя 14 подключается аккумулятор 18 тепла, открытием задвижек 50, 57 и 59 и закрытием задвижек 51 и 58. При этом в первой секции 20 газоводяного подогревателя 14 подогревается подпиточная вода из бакааккумулятора 9 перед подачей ее в аккумулятор 18 тепла, а во второй секции 21 - основной конденсат.For peak electric and reduced thermal loads, the heat accumulator 18 is connected to the output collector 23 of the gas-water heater 14 by opening the valves 50, 57 and 59 and closing the valves 51 and 58. At the same time, the first section 20 of the gas-water heater 14 is heated with make-up water from the accumulator tank 9 before supplying it to the heat accumulator 18, and in the second section 21, the main condensate.

При работе установки с отключенной газовой турбиной 12 и режиме покрытия полупиковой электрической и пониженной тепловой нагрузках аккумулятор 18. тепла подключают через дополнительный подогреватель 19 к магистрали 11 обратной сетевой вода. При этом задвижки 42, 43, 46, 48, 58 и 59 закрывают, а задвижки 40, 41, 53, 55 и 57 открывают и включают регулирующий орган 36. В дополнительном подогревателе 19 подогревается основной конденсат теплом горячей воды из аккумулятора 18 тепла, а регулирующим органом 36 поддерживают заданный гид равлич.еский режим работы теплосети (внешнего теплового потребителя 47}.When the installation is running with the gas turbine 12 turned off and the mode of covering half-peak electric and reduced heat loads, the heat accumulator 18. is connected through an additional heater 19 to the return network water line 11. In this case, the valves 42, 43, 46, 48, 58 and 59 are closed, and the valves 40, 41, 53, 55 and 57 are opened and turn on the regulator 36. In the additional heater 19, the main condensate is heated by the heat of hot water from the heat accumulator 18, and the regulating authority 36 maintains a predetermined guide equal to the operating mode of the heating network (external heat consumer 47}.

Для режима работы установки с отключенной газовой турбиной 12 и разряженным аккумулятором 18 тепла открывают задвижки 56, 57 и 59,.а задвижку 52 и регулирующий орган 36 закрывают.For the operation mode of the installation with the gas turbine 12 turned off and the discharged heat accumulator 18, the valves 56, 57 and 59 are opened. And the valve 52 and the regulating body 36 are closed.

Использование комбинированной энергетической установки в различных режимах обеспечивает улучшение показателей тепловой экономичности выработки пиковой энергии и повышает надежность энергоснабжения потребителей. Это достигается путем организации независимого режима утилизации тепла выхлопных газов газовой турбины и возможностью его использования в более широких пределах изменения электрических и тепловых нагрузок. Наряду с расширением регулировочного диапазона повышается эффективность использования мощностей основного и вспомогательного оборудования и организуется независимое производство электрической и тепловой энергии на базе утилизации тепла выхлопных газов .The use of a combined power plant in various modes improves the thermal efficiency of peak energy generation and increases the reliability of energy supply to consumers. This is achieved by organizing an independent regime of heat recovery of the exhaust gases of a gas turbine and the possibility of using it over a wider range of changes in electrical and thermal loads. Along with the expansion of the regulatory range, the efficiency of using the capacities of the main and auxiliary equipment is increased and an independent production of electric and thermal energy is organized on the basis of heat recovery from exhaust gases.

Claims

This invention relates to heat and energy engineering and can be used in thermal power plants. A combined power plant is known, comprising a steam and gas turbines, steam-water heaters and, connected in parallel with them via feedwater or network water, a gas-water heat exchanger in the exhaust path of the gas turbine ll. The disadvantage of such an installation is the dependence of the mode of utilization of the heat of exhaust gases of a gas turbine on the type of heat-exchange medium being heated, which reduces the efficiency and the maneuverability of the installation. A known combined power plant comprising a steam turbine with a condenser, a condensate pump, a regenerative preheater of the main condensate, network and make-up water heaters, a make-up water storage tank connected by a return pipe to the network, and a gas turbine with a gas-turbine installed in the exhaust path a preheater connected simultaneously to the main condensate and mains water lines 2. The disadvantages of this installation are as limited as possible. Coverage of the variable part of the electrical load graph and underutilization of the reserve to increase the efficiency of peak power generation, increased fuel loss per start, shutdown and maintenance of the utilization circuit in the hot reserve, limited possibility of the steam turbine to cover the electrical load graph during peak heat loads and low reliability heating network at variable loads. The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency, maneuverability and reliability of heat supply at variable loads. The goal is achieved by the fact that the installation is equipped with a heat accumulator and an additional main condensate preheater connected in parallel to the regenerative preheater, the heating surface of the gas preheater is divided into two successively in gas, the inlet and outlet headers of the first and second sections are connected with shut-off members, piping respectively the output of the storage tank and the direct mains of the supply water, with the heat accumulator inlet, entering the second section of the reservoir and A mains line of the mains water, with a condensate pump and an outlet collector of the first section, with a heat accumulator inlet, direct mains water mains and a condensate heater output, and a heat accumulator output connected to the mains supply direct mains contour additional heating tel. At the same time, a regulator is installed on the pipeline connecting the return line of the supply water to the storage tank. The drawing shows the principal thermal scheme of a combined power plant. The combined power plant comprises a steam turbine 1 with a condenser 2, a condensate pump 3, regenerative heaters 4 and 5 of low and high pressure dearatorb, heaters 7 and 8 of feed and network water, a back-up tank 9 of feed water, and a connected pipe 10 with a return the main water line 11 and the gas turbine 12- with a gas-water heater 14 installed in the exhaust path 13, connected simultaneously to the main condensate pipe 15 and 16 and to the return pipe 11 and 17 Eva water. The installation is equipped with a heat accumulator 18 and an additional preheater 19 of the main condensate connected in parallel with the regenerative preheater. 4 low pressure. The heating surface of the gas preheater 14 is divided into two first and second successive sections 20 and 21 in gas, the input and output collectors 22 and 23 of the first and second sections 20 and 21 are connected respectively by pipelines 24 and 25 to the output of the storage tank 9 and the main 17 straight network water, 26, 27 and 28 - with the input of heat accumulator 18, inlet manifold 22 of the second section 21 and main line 17 of straight network water, 29 and 30 - with condensate pump 3 and inlet manifold 22 of the first section 20, 31, 32 and 33 - with the input of the heat accumulator 18, the dispatch 17 is straight mains water and regenerative heaters. and low pressure. The outlet of the 18th heat accumulator is connected by pipeline 34 to the main water line 17 through line 35 to the inlet of the heating circuit of an additional heater 19. A regulator 36 is installed on the pipe 10 connecting the return network water line 11 to the storage tank 9. those of the main condensate are fitted with valves 37-46, and in the path of the network water of the external thermal protractor 47, valves 48-59 are installed. The installation works as follows. When the plant operates in a mode characterized by the coincidence of the members of the electric and heat loads, the gas-water heater 14 is connected simultaneously to the main condensate pipes 15 and 16 and to the direct network water line 17. The connection is made by opening the valves 39, 42, 43, -46, 48, 51, 56, 58 and 59 and closing the valves 37, 38, 40, 41, 44, 45, 50, 52, 53, 55 and 57 and regulator 36 Through the selected groups of sections 20 and 21 of the gas / water preheater 14, the main condensate and mains water are simultaneously passed and the steam extraction to the low pressure regenerative preheater 4 and the network water preheater 8 are disconnected. By using the storage tank 9, it is possible to temporarily shut off the selective steam of the turbine 1 and to preheat the make-up water. The recovered steam from the turbine 1 produces additional peak power. For peak electric and low heat loads, the heat accumulator 18 is connected to the output collector 23 of the gas / water heater 14, opening the valves 50, 57 and 59 and closing the valves 51 and 58. In the first section 20 of the gas heater 14, the make-up water is heated from the tank accumulator 9 before supplying it to the heat accumulator 18, and in the second section 21 - the main condensate. When the unit is operating with the gas turbine 12 turned off and the low peak electric cover mode and the low thermal load are in operation, the heat battery 18 is connected through an additional heater 19 to the return network water line 11. At the same time, the valves 42, 43, 46, 48, 58 and 59 close, and the valves 40, 41, 53, 55 and 57 open and turn on the regulating member 36. In the additional heater 19, the main condensate is heated by the heat of hot water from the heat accumulator 18 , and the regulator 36 maintains a given hydraulic mode of operation of the heating network (external heat consumer 47). For operation of the installation with the gas turbine 12 turned off and the heat accumulator 18 discharged 18, valves 56, 57 and 59 are opened, and valve 52 and regulator 36 are closed. The use of a combined power plant in various modes provides an improvement in the thermal efficiency of peak energy production and increases the reliability of energy supply to consumers. This is achieved by organizing an independent mode of utilizing the heat of exhaust gases of a gas turbine and the possibility of using it in a wider range of variations in electrical and thermal loads. Along with the expansion of the adjustment range, the efficiency of using the power of the main and auxiliary equipment is increased and the organization produces independent electric and thermal energy based on exhaust heat recovery. Claim 1. Combined power plant comprising a steam turbine with a condenser, a condensate pump, a regenerative main condensate heater, network and supply water heaters, a sub-industrial water storage tank, connected by a pipeline with a return water main line, and a gas turbine with In the exhaust path, a gas outlet with a preheater connected simultaneously to the main condensate and network water mains, is characterized in that immobility and maneuverability, the installation is equipped with a heat accumulator and an additional main condensate preheater connected in parallel to the regenerative preheater, the heating surface of the gas / water preheater is divided into two successive gas sections, the inlet and outlet headers of the first and second sections are connected with valves, pipes: the output of the storage tank and the direct mains of the supply water, with the heat accumulator inlet, inlet manifold of the second section, and My water supply master, with a condensate pump and an outlet collector of the first section, with a heat accumulator inlet, a network supply direct line and a condensate heater outlet, and a heat accumulator outlet connected to the supply water direct line and to the heating circuit inlet of an additional heater. 2. Installation pop.1, characterized in that, in order to increase the reliability of heat supply at variable loads, on the pipeline connecting the return line of the supply water to the storage tank. established regulatory authority. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1.Popov I. A. The design of the gas-turbine installation GT-100-750-2 at the Krasnodar CHP. M., Energie, 1968, pp.63-69.

2. The patent of France 1202713, cl. E 01 K, published. 1960