SU708012A1

SU708012A1 - Hydraulic hammer

Info

Publication number: SU708012A1
Application number: SU772495306A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Михаил Евгеньевич Иванов; Игорь Борисович Матвеев; Владимир Степанович Педан
Original assignee: Винницкий политехнический институт
Priority date: 1977-06-13
Filing date: 1977-06-13
Publication date: 1980-01-05

Description

Изобретение относится к строительным машинам, а именно к конструкции вибромолота с гидроприводом и может быть применено для забивки свай.The invention relates to construction vehicles, and in particular to the design of a hydraulic hammer and can be used for driving piles.

Известен молот с гидроприводом, включающий перемещающуюся в направля- $ ющих ударную часть, оголовок, плунжеры, полости которых соединены посредством трубопроводов с подпружиненным золотником, соединенным с насосом и аккумулятором [1] . Полые цилиндры закреплены на ¹⁰раме, имеюшей, возможность перемещаться.A hammer with a hydraulic actuator is known, including a shock part moving in the guides, a head, plungers, the cavities of which are connected via pipelines with a spring-loaded spool connected to a pump and a battery [1]. Hollow cylinders are fixed on the ^10th frame, which has the ability to move.

В известном молоте кинетическая энергия пружин расходуется на погружение сваи т.е. на выполнение полезной работы и на преодоление сил сопротивления в сливном трубопроводе, преодоление противотока жидкости, создаваемого насосом.In the well-known hammer, the kinetic energy of the springs is spent on sinking the piles i.e. to perform useful work and to overcome the resistance forces in the drain pipe, to overcome the counterflow of fluid created by the pump.

В результате снижается энергия удара и КПД молота. 20As a result, the impact energy and the efficiency of the hammer are reduced. twenty

Известен гидромолот, для погружения свай, являющийся наиболее близким техническим решением к описываемому, вкпю•чаюший установленную в направляющих ударную часть, телескопические гидроци— линдры ее подъема с пустотелыми штоками и плунжерами, систему распределения жидкости и наголовник [^2].A hydraulic hammer is known for dipping piles, which is the closest technical solution to the described one, including • the shock part installed in the guides, telescopic hydraulic cylinders for lifting it with hollow rods and plungers, a fluid distribution system and a headgear [^ 2].

Такое выполнение молота снижает энергию удара.This embodiment of the hammer reduces impact energy.

Цель изобретения - увеличение энергии удара и повышение КПДThe purpose of the invention is to increase impact energy and increase efficiency

Она достигается тем, что в гидромолоте для погружения свай, включающем установленную в направляющих ударную часть, телескопические _гидроцилиндры ее подъема с пустотелыми штоками и плунжерами, систему распределения жидкости и наголовник, пустотелые'штоки снабжены, соединяющими их полости с полостями гидроцилиндров, гидрозамками с обратными клапанами и клапанами пульсаторами.It is achieved by the fact that in a hydraulic hammer for immersing piles, including a shock part installed in the guides, telescopic hydraulic cylinders for lifting it with hollow rods and plungers, a fluid distribution system and a headband, hollow rods are equipped with connecting their cavities with hydraulic cylinder cavities, hydraulic locks with check valves and valves pulsators.

В результате устраняются потери энергии на преодоление сил сопротивления в сливном трубопроводе и преодоление противотока, создаваемого насосом во время удара, увеличивается, также энергия удара и повышается КПДAs a result, energy losses are eliminated for overcoming the resistance forces in the drain pipe and overcoming the counterflow created by the pump during an impact, increases, also the impact energy and the efficiency increase

На фиг. 1 представлена схема гидромолота, на фиг. 2 - схема гидрозамка.In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a hydraulic hammer; FIG. 2 is a diagram of a hydraulic lock.

Гидромолот содержит телескопические гидроцилиндры 1, закрепленные на оголовке 2 и жестко связанные с направляющей 5 рамой 3. Внутри каждого гидроцилиндра 1 расположены пустотелый шток 4, в поршневой части которого размещен гидрозамок (фиг. 2), представляющий собой обратный клапан 5, соединенный с полостями А и В каналами d и клапан-пупьсатор 6, соединенный с полостями А и В каналами е, а с полостью С - каналом cj ·, плунжер 7, с расположенной на нем пру- . жиной 8 и жестко соединенный с переме- '⁵вдающейся ударной частью 9 в направляющих рамы 3. Ударная часть 9 поджимается пружиной 10, посаженной на стержень 11 с закрепленным на нем упором 12. Стержень 11 жестко соединен с рамой 3. ²⁰Полости А и С сообщаются между собой ' посредством зазора * f *, Пустотелый шток 4 в исходном положении находится внизу.The hydraulic hammer contains telescopic hydraulic cylinders 1, mounted on the head 2 and rigidly connected with the guide frame 5 3. Inside each hydraulic cylinder 1 there is a hollow rod 4, in the piston part of which there is a hydraulic lock (Fig. 2), which is a check valve 5 connected to cavities A and In the channels d and the valve-popper 6 connected to the cavities A and B of the channels e, and with the cavity C - the channel cj ·, the plunger 7, with located on it. zhinoy 8 and is rigidly coupled to pereme- ^'5 shock jutting part 9 in the guide frame 3. Drum part 9 is urged by a spring 10 fitted onto the rod 11 with fixed on it stop 12. The rod 11 is rigidly connected to the frame 3. The cavities ²⁰ A and C communicate with each other 'through the gap * f *, the Hollow stem 4 in the initial position is at the bottom.

Привод гидромопота осуществляется подачей насосом 13 в полость А рабочей жидкости, проходящей через клапан-пульсатор 14 по рукаву высокого давления 15.The hydraulic drive is driven by pump 13 into the cavity A of the working fluid passing through the pulsating valve 14 along the high pressure sleeve 15.

Под действием рабочей жидкости на горец пустотелого штока 4, последний поднимается вверх одновременно с плунжером 7, йружиной 8 и ударной частью 9, сжимая пружину 10 до соприкосновения ударной части 9 с упором 12. Плунжер 7 находится в верхнем положении, гак как жидкость находящаяся в полости В заперта из-за закрытых обратного клапана 5 и клапана-пульсатора 6, который закрывается при наличии перепада давления между полостями А и С в канапе CJ , соединяющем эти полости, при движении пустотелого штока 4 вверх. Как только ударная часть 9, упираясь в упор 12, остановится, а давление в полости А превысит усилие настройки пружины клапана-пульсатора 14, последний откроется и рабочая жидкость из полости А пойдет нц. слив по рукаву высокого давления 15. Пустотелый шток 4 начнет опускаться вниз.Under the action of the working fluid on the highlander of the hollow rod 4, the latter rises up simultaneously with the plunger 7, the spring 8 and the shock part 9, compressing the spring 10 until the shock part 9 contacts the stop 12. The plunger 7 is in the upper position, as the fluid is in the cavity It is locked due to the closed check valve 5 and the pulsating valve 6, which closes when there is a pressure differential between the cavities A and C in the canopy CJ connecting these cavities when the hollow rod 4 moves up. As soon as the shock part 9, abutting against the support 12, stops, and the pressure in the cavity A exceeds the setting force of the spring of the pulsator valve 14, the latter opens and the working fluid from the cavity A goes nts. discharge along the high pressure sleeve 15. The hollow stem 4 will begin to lower down.

В момент, когда ударная часть 9, упираясь в упор 12, остановится и давление в полостях А и С выравняется из-за соединяющего их зазора ”£ ” открывается клапан-пульсатор 6. Жидкость из полости В под действием пружины 10 и ударной массы 9 с помощью плунжера 7 будет вытесняться в полость А по каналам С через клапан-пульсатор 6.At the moment when the shock part 9, abutting against the stop 12, stops and the pressure in the cavities A and C is equalized due to the connecting gap “£”, the pulsating valve 6 opens. The fluid from the cavity B under the action of the spring 10 and the shock mass 9 s using the plunger 7 will be forced into the cavity A through the channels C through the valve-pulsator 6.

Так как площадь поперечного сечения плунжера 7 меньше, чем у пустотелого штока 4, го плунжер 7 движется с большей скоростью, чем пустотелый шток 4, и происходит удар ударной части 9 по оголовку 2, покоящемуся на свае, которая погружается в грунт.Since the cross-sectional area of the plunger 7 is smaller than that of the hollow rod 4, the plunger 7 moves at a faster speed than the hollow rod 4, and the shock part 9 is hit by the head 2 resting on a pile that is immersed in the ground.

В процессе удара пружина 8 сожмется. Под ее действием пустотелый шток 4 опускается вниз, выдавливая рабочую жидкость из полости А на слив по рукаву высокого давления 15. Часть рабочей жидкости заполняет полость В, гак как обратный клапан 5 и клапан-пульсатор 6 открыты. Как только слив рабочей жидкости из полости А закончится, клапан-пульсатор 14 закроется и рабочий цикл повторится.In the process of impact, the spring 8 is compressed. Under its action, the hollow stem 4 lowers, squeezing the working fluid from cavity A to drain along the high pressure sleeve 15. A part of the working fluid fills cavity B, as both the check valve 5 and the pulsating valve 6 are open. As soon as the discharge of the working fluid from the cavity A is completed, the pulsating valve 14 is closed and the duty cycle is repeated.

Использование телескопических гидроцилиндров с гидрозамками в поршневой части пустотелых штоков и диаметральными зазорами между внутренними стенками гидроцилиндров и наружными поверхностями поршней пустотелых штоков увеличивает энергию удара в 1,8-2 раза. В результате производительность гидромолота увеличится в 1,5-1,8 раза.The use of telescopic hydraulic cylinders with hydraulic locks in the piston of the hollow rods and diametrical gaps between the inner walls of the hydraulic cylinders and the outer surfaces of the pistons of the hollow rods increases the impact energy by 1.8-2 times. As a result, the productivity of the hydraulic hammer will increase by 1.5-1.8 times.

Claims

The invention relates to construction machines, in particular to the design of a hydraulic hammer vibratory hammer and can be used for driving piles. A hammer with hydrondrive is izvesgen, which includes a striking part moving in the guides, a tip, plungers, the cavities of which are connected via pipelines to a spring-loaded slide valve connected to the pump and the battery i. The hollow cylinders are fixed on the shm, which has the ability to mix. to perform useful work and to overcome the forces of resistance in the drain pipe, to overcome the counterflow of fluid created by the pump. As a result, the impact energy and the efficiency of the hammer are reduced. Hydraulic breaker is known, for sinking piles, which is the closest technical solution to the described, including the impact part installed in the guides, telescopic hydraulic cylinders for its lifting with hollow rods and plungers, the distribution system of the liquid and the headgear 2. Such a hammer design reduces the impact energy . The purpose of the invention is to increase the impact energy and increase efficiency. It is achieved by the fact that in a hydraulic hammer for immersing piles, including an impact part installed in the guides, its lifting telescopic hydraulic cylinders with hollow rods and plungers, a fluid distribution system and a head, the hollow rods are fitted with cavities connecting them with the hydraulic cylinders cavities and reverse hydraulic locks valves and valves pulsators. As a result, the energy losses to overcome the resistance forces in the drain pipe and to overcome the countercurrent created by the pump during the impact increases, and the impact energy is recovered. KOZL 37 In FIG. 1 shows a hydraulic hammer scheme; FIG. 2 shows a hydraulic jet card scheme. The hydraulic hammer contains telescopic hydraulic cylinders 3. mounted on the tip 2 and rigidly connected to the guide frame 3. Inside each hydraulic cylinder 1 there is a hollow rod 4, in the piston part of which there is a hydraulic frame (Fig. 2), which is a non-return valve 5 connected with cavities A and B with channels and a pulsator valve 6 connected to channels A and B of canal and with cavity C with a channel Q of plunger 7, with spring 8 located on it and rigidly connected with moving impact part 9 in direction frame 3. Shock part 9 is urged by a spring 1D, planted on the rod 11 with fixed on it stop 12. The rod 11 is rigidly connected to the frame 3. The cavities A and C communicate with each other through a gap, hollow rod 4 in the initial position is at the bottom. The hydraulic hammer is driven by the pump 13 into the cavity A of the working fluid passing through the pulsator valve 14 through the high pressure hose 15 Under the action of the working fluid on the mountaineer hollow rod 4, the latter rises up simultaneously with the plunger 7, the spring 8 and the compression part 9 spring Yu until the shock part 9 comes into contact with the stop 12. The plunger 7 is in the upper position, since the fluid in the cavity B is blocked due to the closed non-return valve 5 and the pulsator valve 6, which closes in the presence of a pressure between cavities A and C in the duct 9 connecting these yuschem cavity when moving pustotepogo schgoka 4 upwards. As soon as the impact part 9, abutted against the stop 12, stops, and the pressure in cavity A exceeds the force of adjustment of the spring of the valve-navel 14, the latter will open and the working fluid from cavity A will go n Drain on the high pressure sleeve 15. Hollow rod 4 will begin to descend way down. At the moment when the shock part 9, abutted against the stop 12, the pressure in the cavities A and C is equalized due to the connecting gap f, 124 pulsator valve 6 opens. The fluid from the cavity B under the action of the spring 10 and shock mass 9 using plunger 7 will be squeezed into cavity A through channels C through pulsator valve 6. Since the cross-sectional area of plunger 7 is smaller than that of hollow rod 4, plunger 7 moves with greater speed than hollow brush 4, and there is a strike of the shock part 9 on the tip 2, the rest of the shchemus on the pile, by immersing It is in the ground. In the process of impact, the spring 8 is compressed. Under its action, the hollow brush 4 is lowered down, squeezing the working fluid from cavity A to the drain in the high pressure hose 15. A part of the working fluid fills cavity B, since the check valve 5 and the pulsator valve 6 are open. As soon as the working fluid has been drained from cavity A, the pulsator valve 14 is closed and the operating cycle will be repeated. The use of telescopic hydraulic cylinders with hydraulic locks in the piston portion of the hollow rods and diametrical gaps between the inner walls of the hydraulic cylinders and the outer surfaces of the pistons of the hollow rods increases the impact energy 1.8-2 times. As a result, the performance of the hydraulic breaker will increase by 1.5-1.8 times. A hydraulic hammer for submerging piles, including an impact part installed in guides, telescopic hydraulic cylinders for lifting it with hollow rods and plungers, a fluid distribution system and a headgear, characterized in that, in order to increase impact energy and increase efficiency, hollow rods are fitted with connecting them cavities with hydraulic cylinder cavities with hydraulic locks with non-return valves and pulsator valves. Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. USSR author's certificate No. 312014, cl. E O2 1 7/18, 1969.

2. USSR Author's Certificate No. 359О14, cl. Е О2 Т 7 / 1О, 197О.