SU874871A1 - Hydraulic pile hammer - Google Patents

Description

(54) HYDROMOLOT

I

The invention relates to building machines, namely to the design of hammers. hydraulically driven, and can be used to submerge sheet piles, foundation pyramids, soil compaction, and so on.

A hydraulic hammer is known, which includes a housing, a hammer part, installed in guides, a working cylinder with a hollow plunger placed in it, a distribution device, an accumulator, a pressure and a drain line. At the end of the hammer body there is an additional hollow plunger, the other end of which is inserted into the working cylinder. Moreover, the outer diameter of the additional plunger is smaller than the diameter of the inner surface of the main plunger I.

A disadvantage of the known hammer is not high enough performance due to the loss of impact energy. Losses are caused by a large length of the drain line and reduce the rate of fall of the impact part.

A hammer-mounting hammer is known, which includes the guides of a stationary copra or self-propelled pile-immersion device in which the shock mass moves, a working hydraulic cylinder with a plunger, a cap and a pulsator valve, a pressure head and drain line, a pump and a battery (2).

“However, for this hammer, the performance is not high enough due to the loss of impact energy, which is due to the large length of the drain line and local resistance, as well as the location of the battery on the

10 distance from the working cylinder. As a result, the velocity of the exhausted working fluid decreases, which leads to a decrease in the impact energy.

Hammers made according to this scheme have large dimensions, since the accumulator S l torus is located at a great distance from the working hydraulic cylinder, which requires an additional increase in the size of the design and leads to a decrease in impact energy. The direct effect of the impact weight on the plunger of the hydraulic cylinder, called F

20 large instantaneous flow rates of the working fluid, reducing the durability of pipelines.

The closest solution to the proposed is a hydraulic hammer containing shock mass, a working cylinder with a plunger, a battery whose cavities are located in the walls of the working cylinder, a multiplier made in the form of a hydraulic cylinder with a piston and a spring-loaded plunger whose end is stirred in one of the cavities battery, pressure and discharge lines 3.

A disadvantage of the known hydraulic hammer is low productivity, since only the energy of the impactor is used, and this energy is expended to overcome losses in the channel, connecting the piston cavity of the pump accumulator through the separation device to the cavity of the working cylinder and lifting the whole mechanism upwards when the impactor accelerates way down.

The purpose of the invention is to increase productivity.

This goal is achieved by the fact that, in a hydraulic hammer containing shock mass, a working cylinder with a plunger, an accumulator, the cavities of which are located in the walls of the working cylinder, a multiplier made in the form of a hydraulic cylinder with a piston and a spring-loaded plunger, the end of which is placed in one of the cavities of the accumulator, pressure and discharge line, in the shock mass parallel to its axis there is a through hole, while the hydraulic cylinder of the multiplier is passed through the hole of the shock mass and fixed to the working cylinder, and at the bottom of The working cylinder is formed with a protrusion, and on the end of the working cylinder plunger facing it, there is an axial stepped hole, a working cylinder protrusion is located in a greater degree, and its plunger is equipped with a throttle valve installed in a smaller step of the axial hole, and the cavities of the battery are communicated by channels with a cavity of the working cylinder, which, in turn, is in communication with the stepped bore of the plunger of the working cylinder with the help of radial holes made in it.

The drawing shows a hydraulic hammer circuit.

The hammer contains guides I, in which the shock mass 2 is moved, supported by the plunger 3 placed in the working cylinder 4. The plunger 4 is pressed by the spring 5 to the end face of the protrusion 6, which is placed in an axial stepped hole 7 connected by radial holes 8 and 9 to the cavity 10, of the working cylinder 4. A choke valve 11 is mounted into the stepped hole 7. The cavities of the battery 12 are connected to the housing of the working cylinder 4, communicating via channels 1.3 with the cavity 10. The throttle channels are made on the outer surface 14 avki 15. On the working cylinder 4, rigidly mounted on the cap 16, placed cartoon ani 17, which includes a hydraulic cylinder 8, a piston 19, a plunger 20 and a spring 21. The hydraulic cylinder 18 is connected

through the discharge pipe 22 with the valve-pulsator 23 and the pump 24. The hammer works as follows.

In the initial position, the shock mass 2 is located on the headgear 16 and is supported by the plunger 3. The working fluid from the pump 24 via the pressure line 22 enters the hydraulic cylinder of the multiplier 1-7. Under the action of the working fluid, the piston 19 with the plunger 20 is lowered downward, compressing

the spring 21 and the fluid in the cavities of the battery 12. The plunger 3 is held in the lower position by force

Р Gj «-f Gn + Рпр, where Om is the force of the body of the shock mass 2;

On —power of plunger tin 3; Rpr - spring force 5. As soon as the pressure in the cavity 10 reaches the specified magnitude, and the force acting on the area of the plunger 3, equal to

where d | - diameter of the plunger 3;

dz is the diameter of the large step of boring 7, will begin to increase the force P, then the plunger 3

0 together with shock mass 2 will begin to rise. At the moment when the protrusion 6 leaves the stepped hole 7, the liquid will already act on the full surface, informing the plunger 3 of additional acceleration. There will be a sharp push, as a result of which the shock mass 2 will fly up, and the cylinder 4, acting through the headgear 16 on the pile, will plunge it into the ground.

When the stroke reaches the stroke, the plunger 3 is braked as a result of the grooves 15, thereby softening the stroke of the plunger 3 on the cylinder head 4. At this time, the pressure in the cylinder cavity of the multiplex 17 will reach the setting pressure of the pulsator valve 23, the latter will open and the liquid under the action of the spreading spring 21 on the piston 19, it will be squeezed out onto the drain. At the same time, the plunger 3 will return to its original position under the action of the spring 5. At the end of the stroke of the plunger 3, it is braked by means of a fluid in the cavity of the large stage of the opening 7, which will be squeezed out by the protrusion 6 through the throttle valve 11 and the opening 9.

Having reached the greatest height of lifting, the mass of 2 will start to fall down, the sediment

5 blow to the cap 16. immersing the pile in the ground.

Thus, the pile is submerged twice in the ground.

After the working fluid has been drained from the cavity of the hydrocylidra 18, the valve pulsator 23 will close and the cycle will be repeated.

The presence of a multiplier containing a hydrocyliidre, a piston and a spring-loaded plunger, a protrusion made at the bottom of the working cnlnndr, battery cavities located in the body of the working cylinder, a stepped axial bore made in a thickened part of the working cylinder plunger located in it with a throttle valve and located in the center of the cylinder , with a through hole made in it above the working cylinder, it makes it possible to increase the hydraulic hammer's productivity by 1.5-1.8 times, to reduce its dimensions and to increase its durability.

In the proposed hammer mill, the recoil energy is used more effectively and the energy of the impact mass fall. There is no loss of impact energy to overcome the forces of resistance when the working area is discharged during an impact. The slurry of the working fluid from the cylinder cavity is carried out independently of the impact weight drop, the flow rates of the fluid through the discharge pipeline decrease, and hydraulic equipment is applied that is calculated to a lower pressure with a smaller conditional passage.

Claims (3)

1. USSR author's certificate number 633983, cl. E 02 D 7/10, 1978. 2. Matveev I. B. Hydraulic drive of pile-driving and soil-sealing machines. M., “Mashnostroenne, 1977, p. 4, rns. 1 b. 0 3. USSR author's certificate No. 279447, cl. E 02 D, 1968.