SU1452884A1 - Diesel pile hammer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of construction, namely, to pile piling equipment for immersing piles and the like in the construction of pile foundations of buildings and structures. The aim of the invention is to increase the impact efficiency. The impact part of the hammer consists of a movable working cylinder 1 mounted on a polpc. a guide rod 2, and a piston-bounce 22 suspended inside the movable cylinder 1 for its upper part 3 by a spring 21 grow the same

Description

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The invention relates to the construction, in particular to piling equipment, and can be used to submerge reinforced concrete, wooden and other piles and the like in the ground when constructing pile foundations of buildings and structures.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the impact efficiency.

Figure 1 shows the pile diesel hammer, a general view of the figure in figure 2 - section A-A in fig.T; 3 and 4 show the ventilation and fuel supply systems; figure 5 - node I in fig.Z; figure 6-9 - the principle of operation of the movable valve with pddgruzhenny clamp

The diesel-hammer pile consists of a movable working cylinder 1 mounted on a hollow guide rod 2. The working cylinder 1 is made of upper 3 and lower 4 parts interconnected by threads. The upper part 3 of the working cylinder 1 is filled with a variable cross section, while the part with the smallest section is made with helical grooves 5 and channels for keys 6. In addition, the upper part 3 of the working cylinder 1 is provided with an eye 7j designed to engage the gripper of the lifting device headrays B The wall of the lower part 4 of the working cylinder 1 has a cylindrical cavity 8, in the side wall of which there are 5 inclined through holes 9 for supplying air into the cylindrical space. The cavity 8. In addition, in the wall of the lower part 4 of the working cylinder 1 there are suction holes O (not shown) and a round hole 10 with threads, equipped with a stopper. The peri-f meter of the end of the lower part 4 of the working cylinder 1 is made with protrusions 11 alternating with depressions 12. The oblique through holes 9 are closed by a movable valve 13 equipped with a retainer 14 with a T-dinner T5 located in the cylindrical channel 16, which is equipped with a movable latch 13. The latch 14 is a rod of circular cross section, top-; The scientific research institute the end of which is installed in one of the inclined through holes 9, and the lower one is made with an eye to

5, the control cable is attached. The movable flap 13 has the ability to move along rails 17 fixed on the outer surface of the lower part 4 of the working

0 cylinder 1 parallel to its central axis. Moving over for

the slugs 13 are tensioned by a cable 18 attached thereto, thrown through a block 19 mounted on consoles 20 rigidly fixed on the outer surface of the lower part 4 of the working cylinder 1, the stroke of the movable damper 13 is limited on one side by an abutment on the outer surface of the lower part 4 of the working cylinder 1, and on the other hand the consoles 20 of the block 19. Inside the movable cylinder 1, the piston 22 is suspended in the form of a variable cross-section cylinder with a striker 23 and extends piston rings. On the outer side surfaces of the upper part of the piston 22, which has a smaller diameter, there are made internal spiral grooves 5 and channels for keys 6, similar to the spiral grooves and channels located in the upper part 3 of the working cylinder 1. Fixing the extension spring 21, are weaker spirals which is screwed into the inner spiral grooves 5 of the piston 22, and the upper ones into the spiral grooves 5, made in the upper part 3 of the working cylinder 1, is carried out by means of sleeves 24 with keys 25. The outer diameter of the sleeves 24 corresponds to the inner diameter the lower part 4 of the rolling cylinder 1, and the inner part - the outer diameters of the upper part 3 of the working cylinder 1 of the piston 22, having the smallest section. The fastening of the sleeves 24 to the movable cylinder 1 and the piston 22 is carried out by means of the keys 25.: In the lower part of the striker 23 of the piston 22 a spherical recess 26 is made.

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The hollow guide rod 2, with its lower part, is rigidly fixed on the platform 27, which is made with an envelope 28 in the form of a hoop, which presses the guide rod 2 from the outside. In the thickening 28 and the platform 27 itself opposite the end protrusions 11 of the lower part 4 of the working cylinder 1 are made through holes in the form of the end protrusions 11 (not shown), which allow to transfer the stroke of the rolling cylinder G directly onto the cap 29 of the driven pile 30. The upper part of the hollow rod 2 It has a massive bottom 31, on the outer surface of which a spherical recess 32 of the combustion chamber is made in the center. Outward

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on the lateral surface of the hollow contour y0 of its stem 2 in the upper part is provided with sealing rings. A circular hole 33 is made in the side wall of the hollow guide stem 2, all axes of which coincide with the axes of the hole 10 drilled in the side wall of the lower part 4 of the working cylinder 1, and the diameter is smaller than the diameter of the hole 10. The hole 33. The hollow guide stem 2 is threaded and fitted with a stopper. In the center of the spherical recess 32 in the bottom 31 of the guide rod 2, a channel 34 is made, connecting the spherical recess 32 of the combustion chamber with the cavity of the guide rod 2 and having a cone-shaped recess on the side of the combustion chamber. The inner cavity of the guide rod 2 is provided with a vertical fuel line 35 in the form of a thick-walled tube, which is rigidly attached with an upper end to the massive bottom 31 of the guide rod 2. The internal diameter of the fuel line 35 corresponds to the diameter of the channel 34 of the spherical recess 32, and the holes of their channels are the same that the channel of the fuel line 35 is an extension of the channel 34 of the spherical recess 32. In the channels 34 of the spherical recess 32 and the fuel line 35, a flap valve 36 is installed, which is a hub, which ametr in Canada are 1.5-2.0 times smaller diameter

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in which it is installed. Top 40

The lower end of the core of the poppet valve 36 is made in the form of a cone corresponding to the size of the cone-shaped recess in the upper part of the channel 34 of the bottom 31 of the guide rod 2. The lower end of the ball-pin ™ 45 of that valve 36 is equipped with a spring 37 designed for a certain force. One end of the spring 37 is attached to the upper surface of the platform 27 along the center of the area bounded by the side walls of the guide rod 2, and the other to the rod of the disc valve 36. The cavity of the guide rod 2 is also provided with reinforcing ribs 38 and a tubular coil 39 55 air cooled fuel. The reinforcing ribs 38 are made in the form of plates that are rigidly fixed around the perimeter of the inner surface of the sides of the steppes and the bottom 31 of the guide rod 2, with the outer surface of the fuel pipe tube 35 and with the upper surface of the platform 27. Air-cooled fuel coil 39 is passed through specially designed for them, the holes in the reinforcing ribs 38 and rigidly fixed with reinforcing rebreather. After that, the eye 7 is disconnected with the gripper of the copra winch and under the influence of its own weight, as well as the weight of the piston 22 suspended on the spring 21, the movable working cylinder 1 of the pile diesel engine begins to move down along the equalizing rod 2. When driving under

.ram 38 on welding. On the upper surface of the movable working cylinder 1 downward of the platform 27 beside the guide rod 2 and parallel to it in the cylindrical cavity 8 made in the lower part 4 of the working cylinder 1, there is a fixed hollow piston 40 of the air pump, the outer side surface of which The upper part is provided with sealing rings. In the lower part, the inner channel of the hollow piston 40 of the air pump is connected to the cavity of the guide rod 2. At the point of entry into the cavity of the guide rod 2 of the internal channel of the hollow piston 40, air A non-return valve 41, consisting of a housing 42, a conical plug 43 and a spring 44 is installed. The lower part of the side wall of the stationary hollow piston 40 is equipped with a shut-off valve 45 for air to escape from the piston channel 40 of the air pump to the atmosphere. Vertical guides 46 are arranged on the side surfaces of the guide rod 2, which are placed in the longitudinal grooves 47 of the lower part A of the rolling cylinder 1 and to prevent its rotation on the guide rod 2. The internal cavity of the guide rod 2 is filled with diesel fuel 48.

Diesel hammer works as follows.

After sequentially inserting the plugs from the orifice 10 of the lower part 4 of the movable cylinder 1 and from the orifice 33, the cavity of the guide rod 2 is filled with diesel fuel 48, then the plugs are set to their original position. Pile diesel hammer set and. mounted on the headplate 29 of the pile 30 prepared for driving, with a winch driver for the gap 7, the movable working cylinder 1 is raised to the upper position. At the same time, through the inclined through holes 9 and the suction-exhaust windows, the cylindrical cavity 8 of the air pump and the cavity in the lower part 4 of the movable cylinder 1 are filled

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Cloned through holes 9 of the cylindrical cavity 8 of the air pump and suction-exhaust windows of the movable working cylinder 1 close and air is compressed in the channel of the fixed hollow piston 40 and the combustion chamber of the working cylinder 1. When the air pressure in the channel of the fixed hollow piston 40 of the air pump exceeds the value of whether it is necessary. to compress the pushing spring 44 of the check valve 41, the conical plug 43 is held in the cone-shaped recess of the channel

25 of the hollow piston 40 by the pushing spring 44 is pressed and the air from the channel of the hollow piston 40 of the air pump enters the cavity of the guide rod 1 filled with diesel fuel 48 Thereafter, the air pressure in the channel of the stationary hollow piston 40 of the air pump drops and the pushing spring 44 the check valve 41 returns the conical plug 43 to 1 initial position, locking the channel of the stationary hollow piston 40, the air coming from the channel of the hollow piston 40 of the air pump into the cavity of the guide rod 2 passes through a diesel fuel 48 and accumulates in the upper right portion of the cavity L guide rod 2, the pressure chamber B of the guide rod 2 povsh1aets sharply and diesel 48

g along the vertical fuel line 35, and then through the channel 34, it reaches the tapered end of the rod of the poppet valve 36, which locks the output hole of the channel 34 in the spherical recess 32, which is made in the bottom 31 of the guide rod 2. When the pressure of diesel fuel 48 in the channel 34 exceeds the amount of force required to stretch the spring 37 of the disc valve 36, the core of the disc valve 36 is pressed upwards and diesel fuel 48 enters the spherical recess 32 of the combustion chamber. After this,

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by air. After that, the eye 7 is disconnected with the gripper of the copra winch and under the influence of its own weight, as well as the weight of the piston 22 suspended on the spring 21, the movable working cylinder 1 of the pile diesel hammer begins to move down along the tension rod 2. slave cylinder 1 down na5

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Cloned through holes 9 of the cylindrical cavity 8 of the air pump and suction-exhaust windows of the movable working cylinder 1 close and air is compressed in the channel of the fixed hollow piston 40 and the combustion chamber of the working cylinder 1. When the air pressure in the channel of the fixed hollow piston 40 of the air pump exceeds the force required. to compress the pushing spring 44 of the check valve 41, the conical plug 43 held in the cone-shaped recess of the channel

5 of the hollow piston 40 by the pushing spring 44, the air is pressed out of the channel of the hollow piston 40 of the air pump enters the cavity of the guide rod 1 filled with diesel fuel 48. After that, the air pressure in the channel of the stationary hollow piston 40 of the air pump drops and the pushing spring 44 of the check valve 41 returns the conical plug 43 to 1 initial position, locking the channel of the stationary hollow piston 40. The air coming from the channel of the hollow piston 40 of the air pump into the cavity of the guide rod 2 passes through diesel fuel 48 and accumulates in the upper right portion of the cavity L guide rod 2, the pressure chamber B of the guide rod 2 povsh1aets sharply and diesel 48

g along the vertical fuel line 35, and then through the channel 34, it reaches the tapered end of the rod of the poppet valve 36, which locks the output hole of the channel 34 in the spherical recess 32, which is made in the bottom 31 of the guide rod 2. When the pressure of diesel fuel 48 in the channel 34 exceeds the amount of force required to stretch the spring 37 of the disc valve 36, the core of the disc valve 36 is pressed upwards and diesel fuel 48 enters the spherical recess 32 of the combustion chamber. After this,

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The air in the upper part of the cavity of the guide rod 2 falls and the core of the poppet valve 36 under the action of its own weight and the force of the expansion spring 37 returns to its original position, locking the channel 3 in the bottom 31 of the guide brush 2. At this time the movable working cylinder 1 continues Drop, slide down the guide rod 2 and compress the air in the combustion chamber. Then it reaches the surface of the plates of the Form 27 and through the through-holes available in the platform 27, with the end protrusions 11 of the lower part 4 strikes the head cover 29 of the pile 30, causing it. immersion At the same time, the speed of the movable cylinder 1 decreases and becomes equal to the speed of movement of the submerged pile 30. At the same time, the speed of movement of the massive impactor suspended from the movable cylinder 1 on the extension spring 21 with a gap relative to the bottom 31 of the hollow guide rod 2 remains the same. After a moment after the impact of the rolling cylinder 1, the pile cap 29, the 30 pores 22 passes a distance separating it from the bottom 31 of the hollow guide rod 2, and having stretched the spring 21 on which it is suspended, strikes briskly 23 into the spherical recess 32 in which there is a portion of diesel fuel 48. The impact of the striker 23 of the piston 22 through the guide rod 2 is transmitted to the submerged pile 30 and gives it additional acceleration. In the spherical recess 32 of the combustion chamber, the diesel fuel 48 disintegrates and the resulting air-fuel mixture ignites. The pressure of the expanding gases throws up the piston 22 (this also contributes to the force of the spring 21 stretching), which reaches the upper part 3 of the movable cylinder and abuts against the /, more. After that, under the action of the pressure of the expanding gases, the movable working cylinder 1 rises up along the guide rod 2. Simultaneously, the pressure of the expanding gases is applied to the hollow guide rod 2 through which it is transferred to the sinking pile. In a result time, in. during which the pile 30 is immersed in the ground, is significantly increased, which ensures

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The increase in the performance of a pile diesel hammer. The working cylinder 1 under the action of the force m - g of the sheet moves upward along the guide rod 2, then, having reached a certain height, stops, and then, with increasing speed, rushes down and the whole cycle repeats. 10 After the immersion pile 30 has reached the design mark, the shut-off valve 45 is opened, the air from the channel cavity of the stationary hollow wall 40 of the air pump stops pumping into the cavity of the guide rod 2, and the pressure in it drops. Diesel fuel 48 does not enter the spherical recess 32 of the combustion chamber and the diesel pile hammer stops. 20 In the course of the sinking, the driving pile 30 passes through soils with different density, to overcome which different energy of impact is required from the moving parts of the pile 25 25 hammer. An increase in the impact energy of the movable working cylinder 1 and the massive drummer is provided by increasing the height of their rise by changing the amount of diesel fuel 48 supplied to the combustion chamber 30. The amount of diesel fuel 48 in the combustion chamber 48 depends on the air pressure in the cavity of the guide rod 2, which carried out by an air pump. Using the movable damper 13 with a spring-loaded latch 14 (Figures 6-9), the amount of air supplied by the air pump into the cavity of the guide rod 2 is controlled, the amount of air trapped by the cylindrical cavity 8 of the air pump is increased or decreased, which then moves into the cavity stem 2 .;

The diesel pile hammer allows to increase the efficiency of pile driving by increasing the duration of the force exerted by the hammer on the pile, as well. by reducing the dead weight of the unstressed parts of the hammer.

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Formulas

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Svanay diesel hammer, including a hollow guide rod, impact part in the form of a working rolling cylinder with a spring-loaded piston-fight 39

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Claims (1)

Claim Pile diesel hammer, hollow guide rod, part in the form of a working movable cylinder with a spring-loaded piston-battle 9 1 About whom, a combustion chamber, a headgear, a fuel system with a pump and a fuel line, characterized in that, in order to increase the impact efficiency, the striking piston is suspended from the working cylinder by means of a tension spring enclosed in bushings with spiral grooves on the inner surface, with a gap relatively hollow guide rod, while the fuel system pump is formed by a cylindrical cavity made in the wall of the working cylinder and a stationary hollow piston placed therein, equipped with a shut-off valve and connected m with a cavity of the guide rod, which is filled with diesel fuel, is in communication with the combustion chamber by a fuel pipe placed in it with a poppet valve vertically mounted inside it with 10 by a tension spring, the working cylinder at the level of the cylindrical cavity has sloping openings closed by a movable shutter with a spring-loaded lock.