SU58703A1 - The method of regeneration of used lubricating oils - Google Patents

Description

This invention relates to a method for regenerating used lubricating oils.

Used lubricating oils, as a result of the operation of an internal combustion engine, are usually contaminated with products. Changes in the oil itself, which occurs under the influence of high temperature, and are not caused by impurities.

The former are asphalt resins and coke. Asphalt-resinous substances are a vast group of oxygen-containing, carbon-rich compounds formed as a result of complex changes in petroleum hydrocarbons. Owing to the altered ratios and the presence of oxygen, the molecule of these substances acquires a heteropole, which explains the good adherence of this kind of substances to metal surfaces. This is facilitated by the sharply reduced solubility of asphalt-resinous substances in the oil from which they were formed, resulting in an excess of them. in oil in the form of a colloidal, very stable solution. Further heating of the asphalt-resinous substances leads to the release of solid coke.

 Extraneous impurities include crushing dust that enters the cylinder from air and fuel ash, and metal, as a result of washing dust on bearings of solid impurities.

All these impurities in the oil are insoluble and are in the form of a co-hyuid solution of considerable stability. Since the size of its constituent particles is in the range of 1 - 10 i. Of course, filtering through a motor filter does not have any effect on such an oil.

Pollutants are usually polar. In fact, the oxidation products of MaCvia — alcohols, acids, etc., have polarizing groups of OH, COOH, and others; Inorganic impurities, metallic and non-metallic, have a significant adsorption capacity and retain polar substances on their surfaces and are thus also polar. Being in the apolar environment of these particles and, therefore, their lack of a solvation shell or its fragility allows them to easily pass through even very small filter openings. If the cleaned oil is now brought into close contact with liquid, well-wetted impurity, i.e., adsorbed from the surface and part of the colloidal solution (wetting inversion), then naturally, firstly, the particle diameter will increase due to the acquisition of solvate shells and , BiO-Second, these polar shells will integrate coagulation processes of the colloid solution (referring to an explosive dispersion medium) with their transition to a wetting phase or to its boundary. a wetting fluid, a mixture of phenol, glycerin, and lower monohydric alcohols (e.g., isobutyl sleep; 1%). The proposed combination is selected as follows: 1) its components do not act on aluminum and other metals; 2) glycerin is taken to create a constant other liquid phase that could keep the primus oil from separating at the temperature used; 3) phenol is, as IT established by some researchers, a good antioxidant, i.e., a substance hindering the oxidation of petroleum hydrocarbons; 4) as shown by experiments with various petroleum products, the proposed mixture is a sufficiently energetic cleaning agent; 5) Isobutyl alcohol is taken to carry out displacement, distill more easily boiling impurities and better contact with the inverting fluid.

The proposed method can be implemented on a continuously operating installation, for example, shown in the drawing.

Its main part, where the emission of impurities occurs, the column and version consists of a cylinder with a steam cap 2 at the top and a heater 3 at the bottom. The heater is covered on top with an “olkolom 4” with a steam exhaust pipe 5, which enters the inner tube b of separation column 7, from under which there is a branch pipe to the spotlight 8. A pipe 9 is connected to the steam cap, going to the dephlegmator 10, the reflux from which enters the lower part

columns. Here, in the reflux condenser, a filling tank 11 is arranged for a mixture of phenol, glycerin and isobutyl alcohol. Valves 12 and 13 serve to pour out the mixture. The thermometer 14 determines the temperature at the mouth of the pipe 6 and indicates the process flow.

6 COUNTERS.

The action of the column is as follows: the oil collected in the receiving tank 15 is distilled by the pump 16 into the collecting tank 17. The same pump is used to circulate this oil through two heat exchangers 18 and 19 (one of them is fed with purified heated oil), in which during heating, the oil warms up. Through valve 20, the heated oil is first supplied to the level indicator 21, and then to the column boiler filled with the injection liquid, which has a higher specific gravity. Due to the heating, the butyl alcohol contained in the mixture boils and its vapors, capturing the incoming oil together with the inverting liquid, drive them through the pipe 6 into the Bfepx columns. Here, vapors of alcohol and all volatile impurities (gasoline, for example) are separated and fed to the reflux condenser 10, from which more volatile than alcohol is removed, and less volatile again enter the NCD of the column. Captured oil with non-volatile components of the inverting fluid flows along the lateral surface of the x-ray of the jugular 7 and thus reaches its lower part. Here the inverting fluid, together with impurities, having a higher specific gravity, falls down, reattaches it to the bulk, and Purified oil, gradually rising, fills the space under the 7 rt bell, finally flows through the discharge pipe and lantern 8 into a separator 22 heated by a winding 23. Pairs of phenol and alcohol are separated into a separator 24 with a condenser, and glycerin and higher boiling liquids are collected in the lower part of the separator, from which the valve 25 can be released.

The subject of the draft.

The method of regeneration of used lubricating oils, different