SU57521A1 - Galvanic nickel-zinc element with a reverse positive electrode - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a galvanic cell with a zinc negative electrode, a positive electrode made of nickel oxides or another metal, for example cobalt, and an alkali solution as an electrolyte. Its electrical properties are as follows: 1) high electromotive force of 1.90 V; 2) the battery nature of the discharge curve, since this curve represents the potential curve of the positive electrode of the corresponding battery; 3) ability to discharge by high current and high operating voltage. Thus, with a 10-hour discharge, the working voltage of the nickel-zinc cell is 1.75 V at the beginning and 1.68 V at the end of the discharge. Even with a 2-hour discharge, the operating voltage of the element does not fall below 1.60-1.55 V.

According to the invention, it is proposed to reuse such a galvanic cell as follows: after discharge, remove zinc from the cell during the discharge (due to the electrochemical dissolution of zinc in alkali) and replace it with pure

alkali in which to produce a discharge of the positive electrode with simultaneous evolution of hydrogen at the negative electrode.

With this method of using the element, it will work until all zinc is consumed, and when it is replaced with a new one, during the whole service life of the positive electrode.

This method of exploitation eliminates the difficulties that occur in a nickel-zinc battery when both electrodes are charged in an alkaline zinc solution (unsatisfactory zinc deposition, etc.). Thus, in the proposed element, one positive electrode should work reversibly.

In accordance with the above, the practical design of the Nickel-zinc element can be made in the following ways.

I option. If a normal Junger type electrode with the addition of graphite and nickel oxide is used as a positive electrode, then, in order to avoid damage to this electrode, the capacitance should be limited to a negative electrode. For this purpose, a zinc-coated composition from another metal (nickel, iron, or nickel or iron alloys) was used as a negative electrode. The capacity of the cell in this case is determined by the amount of zinc on the electrode. Instead, of course, zinc electrodes, which are completely consumed in the discharge, can be used, and of corresponding thickness. The design of the element in this case should allow for the easy replacement of the consumed negative electrode with another zinc electrode or iron and the like electrode coated with zinc of the desired thickness in an acidic or neutral bath.

The possibility of free removal of the negative electrode from the element is accomplished by strengthening (welding) the positive electrode to the vessel walls, and the negative electrode, with appropriate insulation, to the vessel lid. In this case, the lid seals the vessel with a rubber gasket between them or by screwing it onto the vessel with its round shape.

II option. If the Edison type nickel tubular electrode with nickel petals added to its oxides is used as a positive electrode, the cell capacitance will not depend on the amount of zinc, since the positive electrode of this type does not deteriorate from deep discharges.

In this case, the element can be reused as mentioned above, since it will contain a sufficient supply of zinc.

Taking into account the long service life of the positive electrode, it seems reasonable to make the cover removable in this case, in order to be able to replace the negative electrode after it has been consumed.

With very small cell capacitances (e.g., for small-sized anode batteries),

it is also advisable in this case to make the cover removable in order to be able to replace the negative electrode after it has been consumed.

With very small capacitances of the cell (e.g., for small-sized anode batteries), the following design seems appropriate.

The positive electrode is a single Edison type tubular electrode located in a thick-walled zinc insulated circular round vascular. The vessel lid, in which, in this case, the positive electrode is fixed, seals the vessel by screwing it into or screwing it into it. The dimensions of an element are determined by its capacity. At insignificant values of the current required in anode batteries x, a normal 80-volt battery can be made up of 45 cells (calculated to 1.77 V per cell), which at the end of the discharge will give no less than. 75-76 V.

The subject matter of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. A galvanic nickel-zinc cell with a reversible positive Edison or Junger type electrode and with a negative zinc electrode or with another metal electrode coated with zinc, characterized in that, in order to reuse the cell by charging an electric current of the positive electrode, a replaceable electrolyte from pure alkali solution, renewable before each charge. 2. The form of the element according to claim 1, characterized in that the positive electrode (or electrode unit) is welded to the metal vessel, and the negative electrode (or electrode unit) is isolated on the lid, freely removable and worn on the vessel, and the tightness of the vessel is achieved either with a rubber gasket with a corresponding clamp or screwing the lid on the vessel or vice versa (with a round shape). 3. The form of the cell according to claim 1 for use in an anode battery, characterized in that a single tubular electrode is used as a positive electrode, and a zinc round cup as used in a Leclanche battery, as the negative electrode, the cup can be insulated with a rubber case or enclosed in an ebanig case. 4. Modification of the element according to claim U, characterized in that the nickel oxides are completely or partially replaced by oxides of other suitable metals, for example cobalt, as an impurity.  S f, 4 1, g /} o, and     h1