CN110289444A - It is a kind of to use liquid metal gallium for the aluminium ion battery of cathode - Google Patents

It is a kind of to use liquid metal gallium for the aluminium ion battery of cathode Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110289444A
CN110289444A CN201910547362.5A CN201910547362A CN110289444A CN 110289444 A CN110289444 A CN 110289444A CN 201910547362 A CN201910547362 A CN 201910547362A CN 110289444 A CN110289444 A CN 110289444A
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China
Prior art keywords
cathode
gallium
aluminium
chloride
aluminium ion
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CN201910547362.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王明涌
焦汉东
焦树强
宋维力
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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Priority to CN201910547362.5A priority Critical patent/CN110289444A/en
Publication of CN110289444A publication Critical patent/CN110289444A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)

Abstract

It is a kind of to use liquid metal gallium for the aluminium ion battery of cathode, belong to field of electrochemical batteries.Battery characteristics of the present invention are, liquid gallium cathode, anode, aluminium chloride and inorganic acid salt electrolyte comprising purity 99.9%-99.999% and the as the case may be diaphragm that selects.Liquid metal gallium is placed directly within battery bottom as cathode, or is placed in crucible as cathode.Using solid-state conductive material as liquid gallium negative lug.Charging process, aluminium ion are reduced to aluminium atom and dissolve diffuse into liquid gallium body phase, discharge process in liquid gallium negative terminal surface, and the aluminium atom being dissolved in liquid gallium, which diffuses to gallium surface and is oxidized to aluminium ion, enters electrolyte.Charging/discharging voltage range 0.1-2.4V, current density range 0.01-10A g‑1.Liquid gallium cathode of the present invention has anticorrosive, inhibition Al dendrite, and feature can be recycled.Aluminium ion battery based on the cathode, has the advantages that have extended cycle life, energy density is high, safety and stability, can be used for extensive energy storage or automobile power cell etc..

Description

It is a kind of to use liquid metal gallium for the aluminium ion battery of cathode
Technical field
It uses liquid metal gallium for the aluminium ion battery of cathode the present invention relates to a kind of, belongs to field of electrochemical batteries, have Body can get without dendrite, aluminium ion battery cathode anticorrosive, can be recycled, and finally obtain the long-life, high-energy density, The extensive energy storage of safety and stability or automobile power aluminium ion battery.
Background technique
With the continuous reduction of the non-regeneration energies such as petroleum, coal, natural gas, and its caused by environmental problem highlight, It develops and becomes current research hotspot using reproducible green novel energy source.Wherein, electric energy is undoubtedly a kind of clean, and The important energy source of number of ways (such as waterpower, wind-force, solar energy) collection can be used.However, the collection process of electric energy often companion With intermittent, noncontinuity process, it is therefore necessary to be stored in secondary cell, realize persistently answering for electric energy with this With.
In the past few decades, lead-acid accumulator is because cheap, easily fabricated and be widely used, however its energy Metric density is low, and pollution problem caused by old and useless battery is serious;Therefore, energy density height, the lesser lithium-ion electric of environmental pollution Pond is developed rapidly.However, lithium content is less in the earth's crust, and lithium battery is easy to happen on fire, explosion during military service Equal danger, therefore develop the research hotspot that novel secondary cell system is the current field.
In contrast, there are a large amount of aluminium elements in the earth's crust, and aluminium itself has excellent theoretical energy density (2980mAh g-1, 8040mA h cm-3), while will not be occurred based on room temperature aluminium chloride-inorganic salt system aluminium ion battery Burning and explosion.Therefore, aluminium ion battery be expected to become next-generation, low cost, can large-scale application secondary cell system.Thing In reality, the research about aluminium ion battery has been achieved for tremendous development, and it is flat to have developed serial high capacity density, high work The positive electrode (such as pyrolytic graphite, nickel sulfide, copper sulfide, tellurium, selenium) of platform.Meanwhile about novel flexible, wide temperature, wide electricity The aluminium ion battery electrolytic solution of gesture window is also evolving.However, the negative electrode material of battery but there is no excessive concern, Still using metallic aluminium as cathode.Although aluminum honeycomb is low in cost, theoretical duty density is high, however it is in cyclic process, because Burn into dendrite problems caused by nonuniform deposition/dissolution of aluminium are serious, and eventually lead to cathode powdered, battery permanent failure. In addition, the aluminum honeycomb of powdered can not utilize again, the waste of metallic aluminium is ultimately caused.
Summary of the invention
Based on the studies above background, the present invention proposes a kind of aluminium ion battery for using liquid metal gallium as cathode.Liquid Gallium cathode will not generate dendrite in cyclic process, will not corrode, while the gallium cathode after circulation can follow again Ring utilizes.To achieve the above object, the present invention the following technical schemes are provided:
It is a kind of to use liquid metal gallium for the aluminium ion battery of cathode, it is characterised in that include purity 99.9%- 99.999% liquid gallium cathode, anode, aluminium chloride and inorganic acid salt electrolyte and the as the case may be diaphragm of choosing.Liquid State gallium is placed directly within battery bottom as cathode, or is placed in crucible as cathode.Using solid-state conductive material as liquid State gallium negative lug.Charging process, aluminium ion are reduced to aluminium atom and dissolve diffuse into liquid gallium in liquid gallium negative terminal surface Body phase, discharge process, the aluminium atom being dissolved in liquid gallium, which diffuses to gallium surface and is oxidized to aluminium ion, enters electrolyte.Charge and discharge Piezoelectric voltage range 0.1-2.4V, current density range 0.01-10Ag-1
The crucible can be corundum, quartz, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene or the glass earthenware of side-wall hole Crucible, electrolyte are contacted by the hole of crucible wall with cathode liquid gallium.
The conduction tab is the inactive wires of high-melting-points, chemical property such as molybdenum, nickel, copper, tungsten, zirconium, hafnium, platinum, titanium Or graphite rod, and its conduction will be made in the wire or graphite rod insertion liquid gallium cathode.
The anode can be carbonaceous material (graphite, carbon paper, pyrolytic graphite), two dimensional oxidation object (copper oxide, nickel oxide, Zinc oxide etc.) or sulfide material (molybdenum sulfide, titanium sulfide, nickel sulfide, tungsten sulfide, cobalt sulfide, zinc sulphide etc.), metal chloride One of (nickel chloride, copper chloride etc.) material.
Aluminium chloride purity is greater than 95% in the electrolyte, and inorganic acid salt is 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolium chloride, 1- third One of base -3- methylimidazolium chloride, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazole chloride, sodium chloride, lithium chloride, potassium chloride etc..
The aluminium chloride and inorganic acid salt molar ratio is 1:1~3:1.
The selection of the diaphragm specifically: when interpolar is away from being greater than 5mm between positive and negative electrode, and battery is not need mobile storage When energy battery, it may be unnecessary to diaphragm;When interpolar needs to add diaphragm away from being less than when 5mm or battery need mobile between positive and negative electrode, Diaphragm material can be glass fibre, or polypropylene micropore diaphragm.
Aluminium ion battery relative to tradition using aluminum metal as cathode, the present invention using liquid gallium as cathode, gained aluminium from Sub- battery has many advantages, such as to have extended cycle life, energy density is high, safety and stability.
Compared with the existing technology, beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
1) Al dendrite, will not be generated in cathode cyclic process, reduces the risk of internal short-circuit of battery;
2), etching problem is not present in cathode, its effective affecting acreage will not change in cyclic process, therefore can be effective Improve the cyclical stability of battery;
3) the gallium cathode after, recycling can be recycled further, therefore can reduce the cost of battery, reduce metallic aluminium Waste.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the battery structure schematic diagram of embodiment 1.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in more detail below by specific embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited In these embodiments.
Embodiment 1
It uses corundum crucible for battery case (internal diameter 100mm, high 100mm), liquid metal gallium is placed in corundum crucible bottom Layer (thickness 10mm) will be used as negative lug in metal molybdenum filament (diameter 1mm) insertion liquid metal gallium.Using carbon paper as anode Material, and using metal tantalum connection carbon paper as plus plate current-collecting body;Use glass fibre cladding as anode carbon paper, it is final to use Stainless steel connects metal tantalum as positive pole ear.Use molar ratio for the aluminium chloride of 1.3:1 and 1- ethyl -3- methylimidazolium chloride For electrolyte, the liquid gallium upper layer of 10mm thickness is placed it in.Entire battery is protected using inert argon, and is sealed with this isolating oxygen Gas and water.Battery immerses positive carbon paper in electrolyte in cyclic process, and in the potential range of 0.4-2.4V, with 0.01-10Ag-1Current density carry out charge and discharge cycles.
Embodiment 2
Use glass jar for battery case (internal diameter 100mm, high 100mm), it is (thick that liquid metal gallium is placed in glass jar bottom Spend 10mm), negative lug will be used as in metallic silver wire (diameter 1mm) insertion liquid metal gallium.Using pyrolytic graphite as anode Material, and using metal molybdenum connection pyrolytic graphite as plus plate current-collecting body;Glass fibre is used to coat as anode pyrolytic graphite, Finally using stainless steel connection metal molybdenum as positive pole ear.Using molar ratio for the aluminium chloride of 1.5:1 and sodium chloride is electrolysis Liquid places it in the liquid gallium upper layer of 10mm thickness.Entire battery is protected using inert argon, and seal with this starvation with Water, the operating temperature of battery are 150 ± 10 DEG C.Battery immerses positive pyrolytic graphite in electrolyte in cyclic process, and In the potential range of 1.0-2.4V, with 0.01-10Ag-1Current density carry out charge and discharge cycles.
Embodiment 3
Use quartzy tank for battery case (internal diameter 100mm, high 100mm), it is porose just that liquid metal gallium is placed in side wall In beautiful crucible (internal diameter 10mm, side wall aperture 10mm), cathode pole will be used as in metal molybdenum filament (diameter 1mm) insertion liquid metal gallium Ear.It uses the nickel sulfide being coated in tantalum foil for anode, and connects stainless steel as positive pole ear.Using the chlorination of 1.6:1 Aluminium and 1- propyl -3- methylimidazolium chloride are electrolyte.Entire battery is protected using inert argon, and is sealed with this starvation And water.Battery immerses positive carbon paper in electrolyte in cyclic process, and charge and discharge is carried out in the potential range of 0.4-2.4V Electricity circulation.
Embodiment 4
It uses polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) crucible for battery case (internal diameter 100mm, high 100mm), liquid metal gallium is placed in poly- four Vinyl fluoride crucible bottom (thickness 10mm) will be used as negative lug in metal platinum filament (diameter 0.3mm) insertion liquid metal gallium.It adopts Use carbon paper as positive electrode, and using metal tantalum connection carbon paper as plus plate current-collecting body;Carbon paper is coated with glass fibre and is made For anode, metal tantalum is finally connected as positive pole ear using stainless steel.Use molar ratio for the aluminium chloride of 1.5:1 and 1- fourth Base -3- methylimidazolium chloride is electrolyte, places it in the liquid gallium upper layer of 10mm thickness.Entire battery is protected using inert argon Shield, and seal with this starvation and water.Battery immerses positive carbon paper in electrolyte in cyclic process, and in 0.4-2.4V Potential range in, with 0.01-10Ag-1Current density carry out charge and discharge cycles.
Embodiment 5
Use glass jar for battery case (internal diameter 100mm, high 100mm), it is (thick that liquid metal gallium is placed in glass jar bottom Spend 10mm), negative lug will be used as in metallic silver wire (diameter 1mm) insertion liquid metal gallium.Using pyrolytic graphite as anode Material uses the cobalt sulfide being coated in tantalum foil for anode, and connects stainless steel as positive pole ear.Use molar ratio for 3: 1 aluminium chloride and potassium chloride is electrolyte, places it in the liquid gallium upper layer of 10mm thickness.Entire battery is protected using inert argon Shield, and seal with this starvation and water, the operating temperature of battery is 170 ± 10 DEG C.Battery will be just very hot in cyclic process It solves graphite to immerse in electrolyte, and in the potential range of 1.0-2.4V, with 0.01-10Ag-1Current density carry out charge and discharge Circulation.
It should be noted that those skilled in the art are that this hair may be implemented completely according to the various embodiments described above of the present invention Bright independent claims and the full scope of appurtenance, realize process and the same the various embodiments described above of method;And the present invention is not It elaborates and partly belongs to techniques well known.
The above, part specific embodiment only of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, appoints In the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of, should all cover by what those skilled in the art Within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of use liquid metal gallium for the aluminium ion battery of cathode, which is characterized in that include purity 99.9%-99.999% Liquid gallium cathode, anode, aluminium chloride and inorganic acid salt electrolyte and as the case may be and select diaphragm;Liquid metal gallium Battery bottom is placed directly within as cathode, or is placed in crucible as cathode.Using solid-state conductive material as liquid gallium cathode Tab;Charging process, aluminium ion are reduced to aluminium atom and dissolve diffuse into liquid gallium body phase in liquid gallium negative terminal surface;Electric discharge Process, the aluminium atom being dissolved in liquid gallium, which diffuses to gallium surface and is oxidized to aluminium ion, enters electrolyte;Charging/discharging voltage model Enclose 0.1-2.4V, current density range 0.01-10Ag-1
2. a kind of as described in claim 1 use liquid metal gallium for the aluminium ion battery of cathode, which is characterized in that the crucible For the corundum of side-wall hole, quartz, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene or glass pot, electrolyte passes through crucible wall Hole contacted with cathode liquid gallium.
3. a kind of as described in claim 1 use liquid metal gallium for the aluminium ion battery of cathode, which is characterized in that the conduction Tab is molybdenum, nickel, copper, tungsten, zirconium, hafnium, titanium high-melting-point, the inactive wire of chemical property or graphite rod, and by the wire Or make its conduction in graphite rod insertion liquid gallium cathode.
4. a kind of as described in claim 1 use liquid metal gallium for the aluminium ion battery of cathode, which is characterized in that the anode It is one of carbonaceous material, two dimensional oxidation object or sulfide material, metal chloride material.
5. a kind of as claimed in claim 4 use liquid metal gallium for the aluminium ion battery of cathode, which is characterized in that the carbonaceous Material is graphite, carbon paper, pyrolytic graphite;The two dimensional oxidation object is copper oxide, nickel oxide, zinc oxide;The sulfide material For molybdenum sulfide, titanium sulfide, nickel sulfide, tungsten sulfide, cobalt sulfide, zinc sulphide;The metal chloride is nickel chloride, copper chloride.
6. a kind of as described in claim 1 use liquid metal gallium for the aluminium ion battery of cathode, which is characterized in that the electrolysis Aluminium chloride purity is greater than 95% in liquid, and inorganic acid salt is 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolium chloride, 1- propyl -3- methylimidazole chlorine One of compound, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazole chloride, sodium chloride, lithium chloride, potassium chloride.
7. a kind of as described in claim 1 use liquid metal gallium for the aluminium ion battery of cathode, which is characterized in that the chlorine Change aluminium and inorganic acid salt molar ratio is 1:1~3:1.
8. a kind of as described in claim 1 use liquid metal gallium for the aluminium ion battery of cathode, which is characterized in that the diaphragm Selection specifically: when interpolar is away from being greater than 5mm between positive and negative electrode, and battery is when not needing mobile energy-storage battery, do not need every Film;When interpolar needs to add diaphragm away from being less than between positive and negative electrode when 5mm or battery need mobile, diaphragm material selects glass fibers Dimension, or selection polypropylene micropore diaphragm.
CN201910547362.5A 2019-06-24 2019-06-24 It is a kind of to use liquid metal gallium for the aluminium ion battery of cathode Pending CN110289444A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111224149A (en) * 2019-12-13 2020-06-02 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Preparation method of battery anode of graphene nanosheet based on electrochemical cathode stripping and aluminum ion battery
CN111987300A (en) * 2020-09-17 2020-11-24 山西瑞恩大方科技有限公司 Environment-friendly composite battery
CN114939670A (en) * 2022-05-27 2022-08-26 昆明理工大学 Method for generating copper dendrite on surface of liquid metal gallium

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CN108539148A (en) * 2018-03-22 2018-09-14 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 A kind of room temperature gallium base fluid state metal-silicon composite negative pole and preparation method thereof
CN109546154A (en) * 2018-12-13 2019-03-29 北京理工大学 A kind of aluminium ion battery afflux liquid with protective layer

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CN104241596A (en) * 2014-08-22 2014-12-24 北京科技大学 Rechargeable aluminum ion cell and preparation method thereof
CN108539148A (en) * 2018-03-22 2018-09-14 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 A kind of room temperature gallium base fluid state metal-silicon composite negative pole and preparation method thereof
CN109546154A (en) * 2018-12-13 2019-03-29 北京理工大学 A kind of aluminium ion battery afflux liquid with protective layer

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Title
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111224149A (en) * 2019-12-13 2020-06-02 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Preparation method of battery anode of graphene nanosheet based on electrochemical cathode stripping and aluminum ion battery
CN111987300A (en) * 2020-09-17 2020-11-24 山西瑞恩大方科技有限公司 Environment-friendly composite battery
CN114939670A (en) * 2022-05-27 2022-08-26 昆明理工大学 Method for generating copper dendrite on surface of liquid metal gallium
CN114939670B (en) * 2022-05-27 2024-04-02 昆明理工大学 Method for generating copper dendrites on surface of liquid gallium metal

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Application publication date: 20190927