CN107887673A - A kind of liquid-metal fuel cell - Google Patents
A kind of liquid-metal fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN107887673A CN107887673A CN201711086165.5A CN201711086165A CN107887673A CN 107887673 A CN107887673 A CN 107887673A CN 201711086165 A CN201711086165 A CN 201711086165A CN 107887673 A CN107887673 A CN 107887673A
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- liquid
- metal
- electrolyte
- fuel cell
- electrode plate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of liquid-metal fuel cell, it is characterized in that, including battery container, the battery container is provided with electrolyte chamber, liquid reactant metal chamber, positive pole ear, positive air pole piece, the liquid reactant metal chamber is equipped with electrolyte built with liquid metal in the electrolyte cavities room；Negative electrode plate group is provided with the electrolyte, one end of the negative electrode plate group is placed in liquid reactant metal chamber interior, so that negative electrode plate group is in contact with liquid metal and occurs oxidation reaction.Wherein liquid metal contacts the negative pole that oxidation reaction occurs as battery with nickel sheet, with air electrode reduction reaction occurs for the oxygen in air as positive pole, fuel is used as by the use of the oxygen in liquid metal and air, chemical energy is converted into electric energy, while battery effect on environment is reduced, the cycle life of liquid-metal fuel cell is improved simultaneously, makes battery by ectocine is small, battery with two side terminals is more preferable, management is more convenient and produces and use cost is lower.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to battery energy storage technical field, more particularly, to a kind of liquid-metal fuel cell.
Background technology
With the fast development of China's economy, traditional fossil energy is increasingly deficient, and the load of ecological environment is also increasingly heavier,
The importance of New Energy Industry increasingly highlights；While readjusting the energy structure and increasing Energy output, existing energy is improved
The utilization rate of source output and the importance of quality are apparent.In the last few years, China's photovoltaic industry and Wind Power Generation Industry developed extremely
Rapidly, especially wind-power electricity generation installation amount keeps being doubled growth year after year, but the generation of electricity by new energy itself such as wind-powered electricity generation, photoelectricity it is intrinsic
The feature such as intermittent, discontinuity and unstability so that New Energy Industry has huge installation amount in vain and but there was only few part
Generated energy can be with grid-connected utilization；In addition, with the arrival in intelligent grid epoch, power system from it is traditional to cleaning,
Efficiently, intelligent transformation, power network peak-valley difference between mitigation round the clock, smooth load, in the form of " micro-capacitance sensor " how effectively to be eliminated
Realize production capacity and load while adjust, improve power equipment operational efficiency, reduce power supply cost, have become every country structure
The core content of intelligent grid.Regardless of whether it is the instable elimination of above-mentioned regenerative resource, to realize veritably grid-connected hair
Power network peak-valley difference between electricity, or mitigation round the clock, smooth load, extensive, inexpensive energy storage technology is required for as support.
With becoming increasingly conspicuous for the energy and environmental problem, regenerative resource (such as wind energy, solar energy) is reducing greenhouse gas
Body plays more and more important role in terms of discharging and realizing sustainable development.Because regenerative resource may when grid-connected
Cause the unstable of power network, so there is an urgent need to develop extensive energy storage technology.Energy storage can be divided into physics according to operation principle
Efficient extensive battery system is mainly researched and developed in the energy storage of energy storage, chemical energy storage and other forms, wherein chemical energy storage, such as
Lead-acid battery, lithium ion battery, sodium-sulphur battery, flow battery etc..
As a kind of newer battery energy storage technology, the concept of liquid-metal fuel cell was managed in 2007 by masschusetts, U.S.A
Engineering college professor D.R.Sadoway is proposed, is a kind of novel battery dedicated for large-scale electrical power system energy storage, this full liquid
At high temperature, two electrodes are liquid metal to metal fuel battery, and electrolyte is molten state inorganic salts, electrode and electrolyte due to
Density is different and immiscible and natural layering, electrolyte naturally separate two liquid metal electrodes.
In the last few years, the development of liquid-metal fuel cell was swift and violent, and common liquid-metal fuel cell is golden by molten state
Category be used as battery plus-negative plate, inorganic fused salt as electrolyte, under 200 DEG C to 700 DEG C of operating temperature melting positive and negative pole material,
Molten salt electrolyte due to density to each other is different and incompatibility and AUTOMATIC ZONING is existing positive pole, electrolyte from top to bottom
And negative pole.Negative metal loses electronics during battery discharge, and electronics is done work by external circuit and moves to positive pole, and negative metal ion
Positive pole is moved to by fused salt and forms alloy with cathode metal.Charging process is then opposite.The battery tool of this particular design
Have the advantages that coulombic efficiency height, good rate capability, have extended cycle life, cost it is cheap, can meet simultaneously in terms of energy and power
Application, had broad application prospects in terms of solving wind-force, the electricity generation grid-connecting energy storage such as solar energy.However, liquid metal fires
There is also some defects, such as battery at present to need to work at high temperature for material battery, and inside battery positive and negative pole material, electrolyte melt
For salt all in liquid, they are a main causes for causing battery failure for moisture in air, oxygen extreme sensitivity, because
This cell sealing requires very high.In addition at high temperature, both positive and negative polarity and fused salt are melted to electricity such as shell, both positive and negative polarity insulating ceramicses
The corrosion rate of each part in pond is very fast, and particularly corrosion of the negative pole alkali metal to insulating ceramics is particularly violent, can cause battery
Service life greatly shortens.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of a kind of liquid metal combustion for overcoming above mentioned problem or solving the above problems at least in part
Expect battery, solve under liquid-metal fuel cell high temperature in the prior art that run time behaviour decay is fast, cycle life is short, battery
Management is inconvenient and production rises the problem of this is high.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kind of liquid-metal fuel cell, including battery container, the battery case
Body is provided with electrolyte chamber, liquid reactant metal chamber, positive pole ear, positive air pole piece；The positive air pole piece connection
The positive pole ear；The liquid reactant metal chamber is equipped with electrolyte built with liquid metal in the electrolyte cavities room；Institute
State and negative electrode plate group is provided with electrolyte, one end of the negative electrode plate group is placed in liquid reactant metal chamber interior, so that negative
Electrode slice group is in contact with liquid metal and occurs oxidation reaction.
As preferable, the negative electrode plate group includes the negative electrode plate of multiple arrangements, the negative electrode of the multiple arrangement
Piece is connected by a negative bus-bar, and the negative bus-bar is provided with negative lug.
As preferable, the electrode film is made up of the multi-disc air pole piece being arranged on battery container, the pole piece
Inner side is in contact with electrolyte, is in contact on the outside of pole piece with air.
As preferable, the electrode film is the air electrode for being easy to absorb oxygen, and the negative electrode plate is nickel sheet.
As preferable, the negative electrode plate is mounted on the negative bus-bar.
As preferable, the electrode film is removably mounted on the battery container.
As preferable, the liquid reactant metal chamber is provided with fixing groove, and the negative electrode plate group passes through fixing groove
Fixed with liquid reactant metal chamber.
As preferable, the liquid metal is the low-melting-point metal being in a liquid state under normal temperature, or Na-K alloy, or described low
One or more metallic combinations in melting point metals and zinc, tin, aluminium, lead, chromium, copper, gold, silver into alloy.
As preferable, the low-melting-point metal is pure gallium, pure indium or pure bismuth.
As preferable, the electrolyte is strong acid electrolyte or highly basic electrolyte；The highly basic concentration of electrolyte scope
For 0.5mol/L~7mol/L, and pH value is more than 12；The pH value of the strong acid electrolyte is less than 4.
As preferable, the highly basic electrolyte is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide, the strong acid electrolyte
For permanganic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid.
The present invention proposes a kind of liquid-metal fuel cell, negative electrode plate group is in contact and is aoxidized with liquid metal
Reaction.Wherein liquid metal contacts with nickel sheet occurs negative pole of the oxidation reaction as battery, oxygen and air electrode in air
Chemical energy by the use of the oxygen in liquid metal and air as fuel, is converted into electric energy as positive pole by generation reduction reaction,
While reducing battery effect on environment, it may have higher discharging efficiency and longer service life, while improve liquid gold
Belong to the cycle life of fuel cell, make battery by ectocine is small, battery with two side terminals is more preferable, battery management it is more convenient with
And production is lower with use cost.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is to show schematic diagram according to the solid of the liquid-metal fuel cell of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the profile according to the liquid-metal fuel cell of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the top view according to the liquid-metal fuel cell of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the specific implementation figure according to the liquid-metal fuel cell of the embodiment of the present invention.
Reference：
The battery positive pole piece group -3 of the negative pole piece of battery of liquid-metal fuel cell -1 group -2
The liquid reactant metal chamber -12 of -4 electrolyte chamber of electrolyte chamber -11
The negative electrode plate-22 of the liquid metal of fixing groove-13-21
The pole piece connector-25 of the negative lug of negative bus-bar-23-24
The positive air electrode -33 of the positive pole of positive pole ear -31 connecting wire -32
The electrolyte -41 of air electrode connecting wire -34
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, the embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Implement below
Example is used to illustrate the present invention, but is not limited to the scope of the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of liquid-metal fuel cell 1 is shown in figure, including battery container 11, the battery container
11 are provided with electrolyte chamber 4, liquid reactant metal chamber 12, battery positive pole piece group 3, positive pole ear 31, the liquid metal
Reaction chamber 12 is built with liquid metal 21, and the electrolyte chamber 4 is built with electrolyte 41；It is provided with the electrolyte 41 negative
Electrode slice group 2, one end of the negative electrode plate 22 is placed in inside liquid reactant metal chamber 12, so that negative electrode plate group 22 and liquid
State metal 3 is in contact and occurs oxidation reaction；Electrode film group 3 is placed on electrolyte chamber 11, pole piece inner side and electrolyte 41
It is in contact, is in contact on the outside of pole piece with air.Electrolyte chamber 11 and liquid reactant metal chamber 12 are acid-fast alkali-proof corrosion modeling
Expect material.
In the present embodiment, the negative electrode plate group 2 includes the negative electrode plate 22 of multiple arrangements, and the multiple arrangement is born
Electrode slice 22 is connected by a negative bus-bar 23, and the negative bus-bar 23 is provided with negative lug 24.It is specifically, negative
Pole bus-bar 23 and the connected mode of negative lug 24 use welding or other integrally formed processing supports.In the present embodiment
In, in order to prevent corroding, negative bus-bar 23 is made of stainless steel or other acid-fast alkali-proof alloys.
In the present embodiment, the anode pole piece group 3 includes multi-disc positive air electrode 33, the multi-disc positive air electricity
Pole 33, interconnected by pole piece connector 25, the anode pole piece group 3 passes through positive pole connecting wire 32 and the phase of positive pole ear 31
Connection.Specifically, pole piece connector 25, positive pole connecting wire 32 are made of stainless steel or other acid-fast alkali-proof alloys.
In the present embodiment, specifically, the positive air electrode 33 is air electrode, the negative electrode plate 22 is nickel
Piece.In the present embodiment, negative electrode plate 22 or tubulose, ingot dress or column, specifically, negative electrode plate 22 needs to contain using nickel
The nickel materials such as N2, the N4 of amount more than 99% are made, the carbon film air electrode of positive air electrode 33 or polymer air electrode.
The multiple galvanic interaction formed by each component of liquid metal 21 and nickel sheet in electrolyte 41, utilizes wherein liquid
State metal 21 contacts with nickel sheet occurs oxidation reaction, the negative pole using negative electrode plate group 2 as battery, oxygen and positive pole in air
Reduction reaction occurs for air electrode 33 as positive pole, by the use of the oxygen in liquid metal and air as fuel, and then by chemistry
Energy is converted into electric energy.In the present embodiment, nickel sheet quantity is 6, the battery energy that 6 nickel sheet are formed with the reaction of liquid metal 21
5.4V output voltage is enough provided.The nickel sheet of other quantity, such as 8,9 or 10 can also be used.
In the present embodiment, the negative electrode plate 22 is mounted on the negative bus-bar 23；It can pass through
The easy-to-dismount mode such as buckle or bolt is attached, to carry out battery assembling and to change electrode slice.
In the present embodiment, the liquid reactant metal chamber 12 is provided with fixing groove 13, and the negative electrode group passes through solid
Determine groove 13 to insert in the reaction chamber of liquid metal 21, be in contact with the liquid metal 21 in cavity.Fixing groove 13 and negative electrode plate 22
It is fixed by the way of interference fit or neck, does not do particular determination in the present invention.In the present embodiment, fixing groove 13
Quantity relative with the quantity of nickel sheet should be 6.
In the present embodiment, the liquid metal 21 is the low-melting-point metal that is in a liquid state under normal temperature, or Na-K alloy, or institute
State one or more metallic combinations in low-melting-point metal and zinc, tin, aluminium, lead, chromium, copper, gold, silver into alloy.
Specifically, liquid metal 21 is the metal or alloy being in a liquid state under normal temperature, specifically, low-melting-point metal can be pure
Gallium, pure indium, pure bismuth, and the multicomponent alloy that the metal such as pure gallium, pure indium, pure bismuth and zinc, tin, aluminium, lead, chromium, copper, gold, silver is formed,
Or Na-K alloy, the multicomponent alloy can be unitary, binary, ternary, quaternary, five yuan etc., contrast in the application and do not limit.
In the present embodiment, the electrolyte 41 is strong acid electrolyte or highly basic electrolyte；The highly basic concentration of electrolyte
Scope is 0.5mol/L~7mol/L, and pH value is more than 12；The pH value of the strong acid electrolyte is less than 4.Specifically, the highly basic
Electrolyte is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide, and the strong acid electrolyte is permanganic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid.
The present invention proposes a kind of liquid-metal fuel cell, and wherein liquid metal contacts with nickel sheet occurs oxidation reaction conduct
The negative pole of battery, with air electrode reduction reaction occurs for the oxygen in air as positive pole, using in liquid metal and air
Chemical energy is converted into electric energy, while battery effect on environment is reduced by oxygen as fuel, it may have higher electric discharge effect
Rate and longer service life, while improve the cycle life of liquid-metal fuel cell, make battery by ectocine is small, battery
Uniformity is more preferable, the management of battery is more convenient and production and use cost it is lower.
Finally, method of the invention is only preferable embodiment, is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.It is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., the protection of the present invention should be included in
Within the scope of.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of liquid-metal fuel cell, it is characterised in that including battery container, the battery container is provided with electrolyte chamber
With liquid reactant metal chamber, positive pole ear, positive air pole piece；The positive air pole piece connects the positive pole ear；Institute
Liquid reactant metal chamber is stated built with liquid metal, electrolyte is housed in the electrolyte cavities room；It is provided with the electrolyte
Negative electrode plate group, one end of the negative electrode plate group is placed in liquid reactant metal chamber interior, so that negative electrode plate group and liquid
Metal, which is in contact, concurrently gives birth to oxidation reaction.
2. liquid-metal fuel cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the negative electrode plate group includes multiple rows
The negative electrode plate of row, the negative electrode plate of the multiple arrangement is connected by a negative bus-bar, on the negative bus-bar
Provided with negative lug.
3. liquid-metal fuel cell according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the electrode film is by being arranged in battery
Multi-disc air pole piece on housing is formed, and is in contact on the inside of the pole piece with electrolyte, is in contact on the outside of pole piece with air, described
Positive air pole piece connects positive pole ear by wire.
4. liquid-metal fuel cell according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the negative electrode plate is removably mounted to
On the negative bus-bar, the electrode film is removably mounted on the battery container.
5. liquid-metal fuel cell according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the electrode film is to be easy to absorb oxygen
The air electrode of gas, material are carbon film air electrode or polymer air electrode.
6. liquid-metal fuel cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that set on the liquid reactant metal chamber
There is fixing groove, the negative electrode plate group is fixed by fixing groove and liquid reactant metal chamber.
7. liquid-metal fuel cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the liquid metal be normal temperature under be in liquid
One kind in the low-melting-point metal of state, or Na-K alloy, or the low-melting-point metal and zinc, tin, aluminium, lead, chromium, copper, gold, silver or
The alloy that various metals are combined into.
8. liquid-metal fuel cell according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the low-melting-point metal is pure gallium, pure
Indium or pure bismuth.
9. liquid-metal fuel cell according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the electrolyte be strong acid electrolyte or
Highly basic electrolyte；The highly basic concentration of electrolyte scope is 0.5mol/L~7mol/L, and pH value is more than 12；The strong acid electrolysis
The pH value of liquid is less than 4.
10. liquid-metal fuel cell according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the highly basic electrolyte is hydroxide
Sodium, potassium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide, the strong acid electrolyte are permanganic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711086165.5A CN107887673B (en) | 2017-11-07 | 2017-11-07 | liquid metal fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711086165.5A CN107887673B (en) | 2017-11-07 | 2017-11-07 | liquid metal fuel cell |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107887673A true CN107887673A (en) | 2018-04-06 |
| CN107887673B CN107887673B (en) | 2019-12-06 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711086165.5A Active CN107887673B (en) | 2017-11-07 | 2017-11-07 | liquid metal fuel cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107887673B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111063909A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-24 | 北京科技大学 | Positive electrode stabilizing device for liquid metal battery |
| CN111705337A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-09-25 | 超威电源集团有限公司 | Method for preparing lead-calcium master alloy by molten salt galvanic cell method |
| CN113036193A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-06-25 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Liquid metal zinc-based battery |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3887400A (en) * | 1970-06-09 | 1975-06-03 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Method and apparatus for electrochemically producing an electric current |
| US20030198862A1 (en) * | 2002-04-19 | 2003-10-23 | Enernext | Liquid gallium alkaline electrolyte fuel cell |
| CN105098291A (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2015-11-25 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | Liquid metal-gas battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN105609898A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-05-25 | 四川康成博特机械制造有限公司 | Air battery |
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2017
- 2017-11-07 CN CN201711086165.5A patent/CN107887673B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3887400A (en) * | 1970-06-09 | 1975-06-03 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Method and apparatus for electrochemically producing an electric current |
| US20030198862A1 (en) * | 2002-04-19 | 2003-10-23 | Enernext | Liquid gallium alkaline electrolyte fuel cell |
| CN105098291A (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2015-11-25 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | Liquid metal-gas battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN105609898A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-05-25 | 四川康成博特机械制造有限公司 | Air battery |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113036193A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-06-25 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Liquid metal zinc-based battery |
| CN113036193B (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2022-06-03 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Liquid metal zinc-based battery |
| CN111063909A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-24 | 北京科技大学 | Positive electrode stabilizing device for liquid metal battery |
| CN111063909B (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2021-05-25 | 北京科技大学 | Positive electrode stabilizing device for liquid metal battery |
| CN111705337A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-09-25 | 超威电源集团有限公司 | Method for preparing lead-calcium master alloy by molten salt galvanic cell method |
| CN111705337B (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2022-02-08 | 超威电源集团有限公司 | Method for preparing lead-calcium master alloy by molten salt galvanic cell method |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN107887673B (en) | 2019-12-06 |
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