SU1761049A1 - Method of growing planting material - Google Patents

Abstract

Use: in the production of super elite seedlings and the cultivation of planting material of grapes. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: Plant microterrents are grown in vitro, then transplanted into a protected ground, using ion exchange substrates with both physical and physicochemical properties at both stages. Adaptation is carried out on a wetted substrate based on zeolite with mineral additives. 3 tab.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to the production of super-elite seedlings, and can be used to grow seedlings of grapes.

There is a known method of growing planting material of grapes, including growing micrograins of plants in vitro, placing them in test tubes for several days in natural conditions, lighting and subsequent transplanting into vessels filled with substrate (white peat - 50%, granulated aulcamton - 35%, cortical humus - 15% with additions of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium in relation to quartz sand (2: 1), and adaptation. During the first 14 days of hardening, the plants are kept in conditions of high air humidity and reduced daylight. After adaptation, the plants are transplanted from

vessels in bulk and grow to standard sizes.

The disadvantages of the described method include its complexity and its duration.

The closest to the proposed solution is a method of growing planting material of grapes, including growing plant microcurrents under in vitro conditions, keeping them before planting in a film greenhouse under conditions of sunlight under a fogging installation for 7-14 days, transplanting into nutrient substrate in the greenhouse, consisting of soil and peat (1: 1) and moistened with a solution of mineral elements, followed by adaptation and growing to standard sizes.

The disadvantage of the described method is the difficulty of extending it by 14 days (as compared with the proposed one), in preparing the substrate,

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the use of film greenhouses, as well as the presence of organic matter in the substrate as a potential carrier of infection.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield and improve the quality of grape seedlings by stabilizing the conditions of mineral nutrition and creating an optimal moisture regime during adaptation.

The method is carried out as follows.

Microclones are grown in culture boxes on an artificial ionite substrate of Bion until 3-4 leaves and a normally developed root system are formed on the shoot. The plants are then planted in rows in a greenhouse for adaptation, creating a feeding area of 5 x 10 cm in a mineral substrate prepared on the basis of zeolite. When planting, plants are covered with a translucent material. This selection of substrates is explained by the fact that Bione and zeolite are ion exchangers with similar physical and physicochemical properties. The necessary elements from the substrate enter the plant organism in the order of ion exchange, which excludes the possibility of a salt burn. Therefore, an identical type of nutrition occurs in microclones both in vitro and during adaptation.

Example 1. Microclones of the Kobzar variety in the amount of 286 pieces, having 3 leaves per shoot, rooted in sterile conditions in vitro, were planted directly into the greenhouse on a moistened mineral nutrient substrate. The plant feeding area was 4–5 cm in a row and 10 cm in between rows in reinforced concrete trays filled with a zeolite substrate, 50 cm wide, 500 cm long. Immediately after planting, the plants were covered with a plastic film hanging along the edges of the tray. The height of the film above the substrate is 12-15 cm, 3-5 cm above the plants.

For 7 days, the plants remained in the chamber while maintaining a humidity of 90–100%, a 16-hour day and a temperature of 18 ° C (autumn-winter period) and up to 30 ° C (summer period).

On the 8th day, the film is removed for 30 minutes, the exposure is gradually increased to 2 hours by day 15, after which the film is removed, which corresponds to the end of the adaptation process. Subsequently, adapted plants are grown under greenhouse conditions.

Example 2. Microclones of Lanka variety in the amount of 240 pieces, having 4 leaves on the shoot, were planted out of in vitro conditions in a greenhouse, in 3 trays, in a moisturized nutritious

substrate, using the above parameters and conditions: temperature, humidity, light (example 1).

On the 7th day, the adaptations begin to take place, the film is removed for 30 minutes, gradually increasing the exposure to 2 hours by the 14th day, after which the film is removed, which corresponds to the end of the adaptation process. Subsequently, adapted plants are grown under greenhouse conditions.

Studies on the survival rate of grapes were carried out in the laboratory greenhouse complex of the Center for Maple and Phytosanitary Breeding of the UkrNIIViV them. V.E. Tairov in 1988 - 1989 on the grades Kobzar, Rusmol, Mechta, Lanka. The test results are shown in Table. 1 and 2.

The analysis shows that the use of the new method saves 14 days spent in the control of carrying out adaptation as a separate operation in the technological process, and also makes it possible to increase the survival rate of microclones by reducing losses from injuring plants during repeated

transplanting from tanks for adaptation to a permanent place, reduces labor costs and funds for the manufacture of bags, the purchase of vessels, the acquisition of a complex substrate.

As can be seen from the table. 1, the loss of survival of microclones during transplantation with adaptation is 12.5%. The remaining 6.2% loss occurs at the plant survival rate at a permanent place.

Thus, the survival rate at the control is 81.3%, and in the variant of the proposed method 92.3%.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula The method of growing the planting material of grapes, including the cultivation of microcurrents of plants in in vitro conditions, transplanting them into a substrate in conditions protected soil, adapting and growing to standard sizes, characterized in that, in order to increase the yield and improve the quality of grape seedlings by stabilizing the conditions of mineral nutrition and creating an optimal moisture regime during adaptation, growing in vitro and protected ground is carried out sequentially on ion exchange substrates with similar physical and physicochemical properties, while the adaptation process is carried out on a wetted substrate based on zeolite with mineral additives. Table 1 Progamma microclones grapes varieties Kobzar Table 2 Graph of growing microclones (by stages) Table 3