SU1759256A1 - Stone-picking machine sorting and separating device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to separators for separating stones from soil and plant residues. The sorting and separating device consists of a frame 1, on which longitudinal inclined shafts 2 with polyhedral disks 3 are fixed, forming the side of a groove with an increasing steepness. A reflective shield 4 is installed above the lower shaft 2, the lower part of which is made in the form of a comb entering the spaces between the discs 3. And above the upper shafts 2, starting from the third, clamping elements 5 are installed, made of rubber bands, the ends of which are fixed to the frame 1. Elements 5 are installed in a checkerboard pattern with a gap to the surface of the separator. The mass from tray 6 enters the shafts 2 with disks 3, which, when rotated, pick up plant residues and move them in the direction of rotation of shaft 2. Stones and soil lumps simultaneously move along the shafts, rise to the disks of the third shaft 2 and begin to roll down, resulting in an increase quality and intensity of separation of stones. 1 hp f-ly, 6 Il. SL C

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to separators for separating stones from soil and plant residues.

A roller separator is known that is mounted on a stone harvesting machine, which consists of a series of parallel shafts, each of which is equipped with gaps and disks, which overlap adjacent ones in a checkerboard pattern.

The main disadvantage of a machine with such a separator is that the operation of the machine must be preceded by the preliminary grinding of plant residues and soil by heavy disc harrows. AT

Otherwise, the quality of separation is low and the stones, along with the soil and plant residues, are discharged into the bunker.

The closest technical solution is a sorting-separating device, made in the form of a groove, formed by inclined parallel axes with multi-faceted disks, and equipped with a reflective shield.

The main disadvantage of this device is that the quality separation of stones from the soil and plant residues is due to the strictly specified slope of the side of the groove (for example, the axis of the upper shaft with the axis of the previous shaft).

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must be at an angle of 50 ° with the horizon line, which provides for raising plant residues along the side of the trench and rolling stones). Taking into account that the topography of the field is usually uneven and the slope can vary within ± 10 ° or more, the maximum angle of inclination of the side surface of the groove, equal to 50 °, will vary from 40 to 60 °. In this case, at an angle of 40 °, stones, overcoming a rise of 40 °, will be thrown from the upper shaft of the gutter onto the field along with the plant residues, which will lead to a decrease in the quality of cleaning of agricultural fields from stones. If the angle is 60 °, plant residues, especially those clogged with soil, will roll off the side of the gutter with the stones, move them along the axes, and then unload from the separator into the vehicle, resulting in significant soil removal. and plant residues from the fields along with stones.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality and intensity of the separation of stones from soil and plant residues.

The goal is achieved by the sorting-separating device containing a reflective shield mounted on the frame and inclined shafts longitudinally arranged with multifaceted discs forming the groove equipped with elastic arcing-shaped clamping elements installed in a checkerboard above the upper shaft of the groove with a clearance relative to the surface of the polyhedral discs , while the ends of each arc are fixed on the frame, and the clamping elements are made in the form of rubber bands, the frequency of the arrangement of which increases in time velicheni slope side surface of the trough.

FIG. 1 shows a sorting and separating device for a stone harvesting machine, side view; in fig. 2 is a section A-A in FIG. in fig. 3 - section 6-B in FIG. 2 (the device is a top view); in fig. 4, 5, 6 - the position of the elements of the device during operation.

The stone harvesting device of the stone harvesting machine consists of frame 1, on which are mounted longitudinally inclined parallel shafts 2 with multifaceted disks 3. At the same time, shafts 2 with disks 3 form the side of the chute with increasing steepness. Above the lower shaft 2 there is a reflective shield 4, the lower part of which made in the form of a comb entering the spaces between the discs 3. Above the upper halls there are 2 troughs,

starting from the third, clamping elements 5 are installed, made of rubber bands, the frequency of placement of which increases as the side slope increases

the surface of the gutter. The clamping elements 5 are in the form of an arc, the ends of which are fixed on the frame 1. The clamping elements 5 are installed in a checkerboard pattern with a gap to the surface of the separator, moreover

0, the height of the arc of the clamping members 5 decreases with an increase in the steepness of the channel. Above the upper ends of the two lower shafts 2 of the gutters is a loading tray b. Sorting and separating device in a stone harvesting machine works as follows.

The stony mass from tray b enters the inclined parallel shafts 2 with discs 3, the surface of which forms the side

0 gutters with increasing slope. When moving the stony mass along the shafts, I rotate the cies disks 3 pick up the plant remains and move them in the direction of the rotation of the shafts 2. At the same time

5, plant residues are pressed against rotating discs 3 by means of arcuate elements 4, which ensures reliable vegetation movement along the increasing slope of the side of the groove. Elastic pressure members 4 prevent the plant residues from rolling down and, due to reliable contact of vegetation with disks, they quickly raise plant residues along side

5 side of the gutter and dropping them from the upper shaft 2 to the surface of the floor. Stones and lumps of soil, moving simultaneously along the shafts, rise to the disks of the third shaft 2 and begin to roll down, tach like

0, the elevation angle of the third shaft 2 over the second is 35 °, i.e. critical angle of lifting stones. The rockstacks and soil lumps hit the reflective shield 4, and the soil lumps break into the shield.

5 or crushed under the impact of rolling stones on one side and the reflective shield 4 on the other. At the same time, in the case of lifting the stone to the clamping element 5, the sequences begin to deform and work like a spring, the repulsive force increases and the stone is thrown backwards (Fig. 4). The location of the shafts along the ascending line of the steepness ensures the distribution of stones on the surface of the separator depending on their size and weight. So, for example, stones of 30-30 cm in size practically do not rise above the second shaft, moving along the trench, stones 19-10 cm do not rise above the third; about the shaft, and the stones

9-5 cm - above the fourth shaft. To ensure the smooth rolling of small stones, the distance between the lower clamping elements is larger than these stones, which can rise to the third to fourth shaft. On the upper shafts of the gutter, the clamping elements are installed more often than on the lower ones, which, on the one hand, prevents the stones from lifting onto the upper shafts of the gutter, and, on the other hand, provides more reliable adhesion of vegetation to the disks. The increasing rigidity of the clamping elements as the shafts rise also serves to effectively separate stones and plant residues.

Thus, the stony mass, moving along the shafts, is constantly freed from the soil and soil lumps that spill between the discs, as well as from plant debris, which, overcoming the slope of the chute, are dropped by the upper shafts onto the field. At the same time, clean stones roll off the rotating discs of the lower shafts at the end of the gutter into the hopper or into the vehicle.

Introduction to the design of the sorting-separating device, made in the form of a gutter, elastic clamping elements of arcuate shape, installed in staggered order over the upper shaft of the gutter with a gap to the surface of the discs, with the ends of each arc fixed to

Claims (2)

1. Sorting and separating device stone harvesting machine, containing a reflective shield mounted on the frame and longitudinally inclined shafts with multifaceted discs forming a groove, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality and intensity of the separation of stones from soil and plant residues, it is equipped with elastic arcuate pressure elements installed in chess order over the upper shafts of the gutter with a gap relative to the surface of the multi-faceted discs, with the ends of each arc attached to the frame. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the clamping elements are made in the form of rubber bands, the installation frequency of which increases as the side surface of the groove increases. J WITH CN ID O5 If) G- u- CM YU