SU1731092A1 - Method for postharvesting treatment of rounded seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the technological processes of post-harvest processing of round seeds, such as peas, millet, wiki, etc. The purpose of the invention is to reduce the energy intensity of the process. The method of post-harvest treatment of seeds of round shape includes preliminary and primary cleaning, after which the seeds are divided by elasticity into fractions, the moisture of the fractions is determined and, depending on its size, some of the seeds are sent directly to storage, while others, except for waste, are subjected to artificial or natural drying. This sequence of operations makes it possible to exclude from the seed mass subjected to artificial drying a fraction of dry seeds (at least 20% of the total mass), a fraction having a moisture content of 2-3% higher than the standard (from 20 to 30% of the total mass), and waste (up to 5% of the total mass), which significantly reduces the energy intensity of the process. 2 tab. WITH

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the technological processes of post-harvest processing of round seeds, such as peas, millet, wiki, etc.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the energy intensity of the post-harvest process.

The method is carried out as follows.

The pile brought from under the combine is discharged in front of the machines OVP-20 or OVS-25, or MPO-50. The initial pile is fed to the working bodies of the machines, where air (preliminary) or air-screen cleaning (primary) takes place. Small, light and large impurities are separated from the pile. Purified seeds are fed to the separator bin,

from which the seeds fall on a reflective surface set at an angle to the horizon. As a result, there is an oblique impact of the seeds on the surface. Due to the elastic properties, the seeds bounce off the surface and move freely to the receivers. Closely to the reflective surface fall heavily damaged seeds, almost lost elastic properties, and impurities with low elasticity, which are not separated on the pre-cleaning machines. Slightly farther from the reflective surface, seeds that have high humidity and require artificial drying fall into receivers. Significantly further seeds with moisture content are slightly higher. Such seeds fall into the third receivers. And finally, conditioned seeds flying

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farthest of all, fall into the fourth receivers.

After the amount of material sufficient for taking an average sample gets into each of the receivers, samples are taken and the moisture content of the seeds trapped in each of the receivers is determined by the air-heat method. The moisture content of the material entering the first receivers is not determined, as it is a waste. The material with high humidity is directed from the second receivers to artificial drying, from the third with lower humidity to the sun-air drying, and from the fourth to weighting, packaging, and into the warehouse. The dried part of the pile from the second and third receivers is further final cleaning and sorting. Part of the material is also subjected to the same operation if it enters the fourth receivers, if necessary.

Table 1 shows the results of the dependence of seed moisture and the yield to the original mass of peas of the Uladovsky variety, trapped in various receivers after reflecting them from the inclined surface, of Snow White and soybean of the Vinnitsa 30 seed crop.

From Table 1 it follows that 32.8% of the total material does not dry out, the material trapped in receiver II is sent to artificial drying (only 28.8% of the total mass), and trapped in receiver III is dried by air.

In experiments on soybean variety Snow White as a seed variety Vinnitsa 30, two equilibrium portions of seeds were taken for the purity of the experiment, one of which was moistened for several days. The mass of portions is selected so that the confidence of the experiment is in the 95% confidence interval. Thereafter, the portions are joined, thoroughly mixed in sealed containers, and then the mass of seeds is separated according to elasticity.

The results of the separation are shown in Table 2.

The data in Table 2 confirm that the proposed method can be used on vetch and soybeans as well as on peas.

The application of the proposed method of post-harvesting allows to reduce energy consumption by 30-40%, since the operation of separation of seeds by elasticity requires very little cost for driving the separator feeder and transporting seed fractions and waste (not more than 1.0-1.5 kW / h), the forced drying of the dry seed fraction (not less than 20% of the total mass) and the fraction having a moisture content of 2-3% higher than the standard (20-30%) is excluded. Waste is also not dried (up to 5% of the total batch weight).

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A method of post-harvest treatment of seeds of round shape, including preliminary and primary cleaning, drying, final cleaning of dried seeds and sorting, characterized in that, in order to reduce the energy intensity of the process, before drying, the seeds are separated according to the elasticity of the fraction, each fraction, and the seeds are sent for drying with a moisture content exceeding the standard. Table 1 Table 2