SU1457848A1 - Method of harvesting lupine seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, can be used in harvesting lupine seeds, and provides for an increase in the quality of seeds and a reduction in their loss of minerals. The heap of beans harvested from the floor are preseparated to introduce free seeds from it. Then a cycle of successive operations of drying, threshing and separation of the heap is carried out repeatedly. Each drying was carried out for 0.25-0.4 h with air at 50-60 ° C and a speed of 0.5 m / s. The threshing heap is caused by exposure to it with a pressure of (1.5-2) 3 Il. 1 tab.

Description

one

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the production of lupine seeds.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the quality of seeds and reduce their losses under the ground.

FIG. 1 shows a flowchart for the harvesting of seeds; in fig. 2 shows the dependence of the output Q of the milded seeds of lupine on the moisture content W of the leaflets of the beans and the value P of the mechanical action; Fig. 3 shows the dependence of the yield Q of the threshed lupine seeds and their injury T on the magnitude of the mechanical effect P at a moisture content of 11%.

The method is carried out as follows.

Delivered from the floor, the beans are dumped into the receiving hopper 1, and from the dosing device 2, erp is fed to the separator 3 to pre-divide the heap into its constituent parts — free seeds, leaf particles and whole beans — during transport.

Then proceed to the repeated execution of the cycle of successive operations of drying, threshing and separation of the heap. A heap of beans is fed to the conveyor 4 of the dryer and rinsed for 0.25–0.4 h heated to 50–60 with air. At the same time, up to the conditional for threshing moisture 10–13, the leaflets of the most mature beans are first sucked, and the moisture of the rest of the heap is also partially reduced.

Then the pile is threshed by applying mechanical pressure within (1.5-2) 10 n / m using rollers 5, c: as a result, the most dry beans are destroyed. The magnitude of the pressure on the pile does not exceed the critical amount of traumatic seeds, which is the composition (L

WITH

1457848

l em (4-6). 10 n / m2. Further, the heap is pro- duced with an increase in the mechanical pressure through the separator 6. The crushed seeds are sent to the collection beans 7. The leaves are sent to the waste, and the rest is fed to the rotation: ny cycle of conducting successive

Almost all the heap is baked (93-95%). However, this injury is great. The optimal value of the mechanical impact is pressure (1.5-2), at which 80-85% of seeds are threshed with injuries not more than 0.3%. At a pressure of 4-10 n / m, the injury exceeds the agronomically acceptable requirements (2%).

drying, threshing and separation operations

The seeds thus obtained are sent for further processing, where they are dried, if necessary, to a standard moisture content of 12-14%, and then sent to storage. Optimal parameters of operations are selected based on the level of obtaining high quality seeds.

Usually, the seeds of lupine, regardless of their initial moisture, are dried at the temperature of the drying agent 50. Further increase in the temperature of the drying agent leads to heating of the Bbmie seed 40 ° C, after which the percentage of seeds with cracked shells significantly increases. On this basis, in the proposed method, the operation of drying the heap of beans is carried out at 50-60 ° C. When dry, the leaves are mostly dried, and the seeds are kept in the beans and dried slowly.

The threshing of the beans and the injury to the seeds are influenced by two main parameters - the moisture content of the leaflets of the beans and the magnitude of the mechanical pressure of the action. The optimum humidity of the valves, at which threshing 80% or more of the beans, is a value not exceeding 10-13% (Fig. 1). The threshability of the beans with the humidity of the valves more than 13% deteriorates sharply. This is explained by the fact that, with a wet higher than 13% of the flaps, they have the property of plastic deformation and it is not possible to destroy the beans by mechanical pressure.

 As the mechanical pressure on the beans increases, more

Almost all the heap is baked (93-95%). However, this injury is great. The optimum value of mechanical stress is pressure (1.5-2), at which 80-85% of seeds are threshed with injuries not more than 0.3%. At a pressure of 4-10 n / m, the injury exceeds the agrotechnically acceptable requirements (2%) .

In the process of carrying out the proposed method, at the next exposure to a heap of mechanical pressure (1.5-2), seeds are threshed, saturated to a moisture content of 10-13%. A complete threshing of the heap is achieved by repeated exposure to pressure. The results of threshing of a heap of lupine beans at a drying agent (air) temperature of 50-60 s, a heat exposure time of 0.3 h and an air velocity of 0.5 m / s are presented in the table.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula The method of harvesting lupine seeds, including the collection of a pile of beans, the selection of a pile of free seeds, as well as the sequence of operations for drying, threshing and separation of the pile, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of seeds and reduce their loss, the sequence of operations Drying, threshing and segmentation of the pile are performed cyclically, at least twice, and threshing is performed by subjecting the pile to a pressure of (1.5-2) x . 16-18 25.7-26.3 12.2-14.2 24.3-26.0 Selected 72.6 9.8-11.2 23.2-25.4 9.1-10.2 20.1-22.3 87.0 99.6 H ( (O) 97g / d / G-RS i. 3 p. /, Vhx ± 3 t t t t 1 t I v- IHUPZHO E / I  fl i M C7 //. Z Pw Fig.z SH / M - ere pet dvLoloTL m g lvlvlv «w